Paul Vaillant-Couturier was a French writer and communist. He participated in the founding of the French Communist Party (PCF) in 1920.

Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction, his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, music, and current events. Valéry was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 12 different years.

Paul van Ostaijen was a Belgian Dutch-language poet and writer.

Paul-Marie Verlaine was a French poet associated with the Symbolist movement and the Decadent movement. He is considered one of the greatest representatives of the fin de siècle in international and French poetry.

Paul Veyne was a French historian, and a specialist of Ancient Rome. A student of the École Normale Supérieure and member of the École française de Rome, he was honorary professor at the Collège de France.

Paul Vilar was a French author and writer of novels, tales and essays.

Paul Viiding was an Estonian poet, author and literary critic.

Sir Paul Gavrilovitch Vinogradoff was a Russian and British historian and medievalist.

Paul Marie Viollet (24 October 1840 in Tours, France – 22 November 1914 in Paris) was a French historian.

Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck, popularly known as the Lion of Africa, was a general in the Imperial German Army and the commander of its forces in the German East Africa campaign. For four years, with a force of about 14,000, he held in check a much larger force of 300,000 British, Indian, Belgian, and Portuguese troops.