Sofya Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya, born Korvin-Krukovskaya, was a Russian mathematician who made noteworthy contributions to analysis, partial differential equations and mechanics. She was a pioneer for women in mathematics around the world – the first woman to obtain a doctorate in mathematics, the first woman appointed to a full professorship in northern Europe and one of the first women to work for a scientific journal as an editor. According to historian of science Ann Hibner Koblitz, Kovalevskaya was "the greatest known woman scientist before the twentieth century".

Iio Sōgi, generally known as Sōgi , was a Japanese poet. He came from a humble family from the province of Kii or Ōmi, and died in Hakone on September 1, 1502. Sōgi was a Zen monk from the Shokokuji temple in Kyoto and he studied poetry, both waka and renga. In his 30s, he became a professional renga poet.

Soheir Khashoggi is an Egyptian-born Saudi Arabian novelist.

Soho Press is a New York City-based publisher founded by Juris Jurjevics and Laura Hruska in 1986 and currently headed by Bronwen Hruska. It specializes in literary fiction and international crime series. Other works include published by it include memoirs. Its Young Adult imprint Soho Teen, which focuses on YA mysteries and thrillers.

Soji Shimada is a Japanese mystery writer. Born in Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

Sokrat Janowicz is Polish writer and essayist of Belarusian ethnicity, writing in Belarusian and Polish. He authored about 30 books.

Sol Stein was the author of 13 books and was Publisher and Editor-in-Chief of Stein and Day Publishers for 27 years.

Solomon "Sol" Yurick was an American novelist. He was known for his book The Warriors which became a major motion picture.

Solbon Dondupovich Angabaev (1931-2001) was a Soviet poet of Buryat origin. He was born in Kurumkansky district, Buryatia in 1931.

Solomana Kanté was a Guinean writer, neographer, and educator, best known as the inventor of the N'Ko alphabet for the Manding language varieties of Africa.