INDEX RERUM

Adulterine castles, [56], [57], [89]
Adulterinus, [56]
Agger, [11], [60]
Alatorium, [89]
Allure, [89]
Angle, dead, in fortification, [162]
Angles, reduction of, in fortification, [165]
Arbalast, [73];
[see] Cross-bow
Arx, [22], [32], [53], [65];
arcem condere, etc., [38]
Attack, science and methods of, [66]-[79]
Aula, hall or manor-house, [197], [198]
Aula principalis, [56];
[see] Hall

Bailey, [40], [43], [44], [45], [46], [50], [51], [55], [56];
[see] Castles, plan of
Ballista, [16], [63], [67], [73], [74]
Ballium, [40]
Barbican, [215], [229], [230], [233]-6, [239]-41
Barmkin, [189], [229], [312], [347]
Bartizan, [187], [235], [236]
Base-court, [40], [96]
Basse-cour, [40]
Bastille, [236]
Bastion, [289], [290]
Battering ram, [see] Ram
Bayeux tapestry, [36], [38], [45], [46], A. Thompson; [36], [38], [44], [45], [46], [52], [66], [190], [192]
Belfry, [72], Viollet-le-Duc; [67], [70], [71], [78]
Berfredum, [67]
Berm, [5], [11], [60]
Bishop’s palaces, fortified, [301], [338], [341], [342]
Bore, [70], Viollet-le-Duc; [61], [64], [68]
Borough, [30]
Bourg, [26]
Bower, [192], [193]
Brattice, [79], [187]
Bretèche, [79], [187]
Brick-work in eastern counties, [355], [358]
—— tower of, at siege of Marseilles, [62]
Bridges, fortified, [297], [298];
London bridge, [64];
bridges at Paris, [63]
Burg, [25], [26]
Burgus or burgum, [30], [41]
Burh, [25];
burhs in Saxon England, map of, [31], A. Thompson; [25]-[27], [28]-[33], [35], [38], [41], [42]
Byzantine military science, [59], [61], [67], [73]

Cabulus, [76]
Carfax, [22]
Castel, [35], [37], [42]
Castellum, [35], [55], [60], [66];
castellum construere, etc., [38];
castellis, vastata in, [42]
Castles, dwelling-houses in, [188]-[211]
—— in England, Norman, earthworks, [26], [30], [32], [33], [35]-[57];
mount-and-bailey plan, [42]-[47], [48]-[52], [55]-[56], [110], [113], [160], [161];
relative date of, [56], [57];
importance in warfare, [65], [66], [83]-7;
stone fortifications, [47], [89]-[107]
—— in relation to plan of walled towns, [87]-[89]
—— plan of, with successive baileys, [162], [163], [164];
concentric, [7], [164], [264], [264]-82, [304];
mount-and-bailey, [see] Castles in England, Norman
—— strategic position in North of England, map illustrating, [84], A. Thompson; [83]-[87]
—— Syrian, [see] Crusaders
Castrum, [35], [53]
Cat, [68]
Catapult, [73], Viollet-le-Duc;
[16], [17], [51], [67], [70], [71], [73]-6;
see [Ballista], [Mangana], etc.
Centering of vault at Lancaster castle, [327]
Cervi, [60]
Chamber, great, [54], [205], [206], [207]
Chapels in castles, [107]-9, [209]-11;
[see] also Keep
Châtelet, [236]
Chats-châteaux, [68]
Chemise, [90], [177]
Churches, fortified, [315], [316]
Cippi, [60], [61]
Closes of cathedrals, fortified, [298], [301]
“Contour” forts, [1], [2]
Cortina, [89]
Countervallation, wall of, [62]
Coursière, [80], [82], [178]
Courtine, [89]
Crenellate, licences to, [298], [301], [303], [304], [307], [308], [309]
Crenellations, [79]
Cross-bow, [67], [73], [74], [78]
Crusade, first, [66], [74];
fourth, [70]
Crusaders, castles of, in Syria, [175], [176], [240], [241], [262], [263]
Crusades, influence of, on military science, [59], [66], [67], [160], [163], [164], [175], [176], [262], [263]

Danegeld, [33]
Danes, invasions of England and France by, [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [33], [34], [39], [63], [64], [65]
Defence, science and progress of, [79]-[82], [161]-5
Demi-lune, [215]
Domesday Book, evidence with regard to early castles, [30], [37], [41], [42], [83]
Domgio, [46]
Donjon or dungeon, [43], [46], [47], [361], [365]
Drainage of roofs, [156], [179]
Drawbridge, [55]
Dungeon, [see] Donjon
Dunio, [46]

Earthworks in Britain, early, [1]-[10], [19];
defence of entrances, [3], [5]-[7];
dry-built walls, [8];
in Saxon England, [24], [25]
Embrasure, [169]

Fire-arms, introduction of, [58], [59], [287]-90
Firmamentum, [38]
Firmitas, [55]
Flanking, [102], [161], [162], [164], [216]-20
Fore-building, [see] Keep
Forum, [14], [18], [19], [22], [23]
France, Gallo-Roman cities in, [22], [23]
—— early castles in, [36]
—— mount-and-bailey castles in, [46], [52], [53], [55]
—— progress of military art in, [65]
—— walled towns in, [64], [65], [250], [290], [292]
Free chapels, [109]

Galleries in walls of castles, [284], [285]
Garde-robes, [247];
see also [Keep], [Mural chambers]
Gatehouses of castle, early, [95]-9;
later, [220]-9
Gateways of Roman stations, [14], [15], [19]
Geweorc, [30], [33], [63]
Great chamber, see [Chamber]

Haia, [55]
Hall of castle, [54], [55], [56], [104], [107], [190]-3, [195], [197], [198], [200], [202], [205], [206]
“Herring-bone” masonry, [93], [99]-[102]
Herse, [70]
Hides, raw, used to protect palisades, [62], [64], [68]
Hoarding, [79], Viollet-le-Duc;
[79], [80], [81], [82], [187]
Hooks, grappling, [61], [71]
Horn-work, [215]
Hourd; [see] Hoarding
Hurdles, use of, in attack, [61]

Italy, fortified towns in, [290], [292]

Keep, gradual disappearance of, [164], [212], [215]
—— cylindrical tower, [165]-85;
internal arrangements, [168]-72, [178], [179], [182], [183], [184]
—— octagonal tower, [185]
—— quatrefoil tower, [172], [185]-7
—— rectangular tower, map of towers, [130], A. Thompson;
in France and Normandy, [116]-8;
in England, [118]-59;
evidence for date, [118]-20;
early Norman towers, [120]-5;
comparative measurements of towers, [125], [127]-8, [131]-3;
position in plan, [128]-31;
external treatment, [133], [134], [137];
entrance
and forebuilding, [137]-8, [141]-2;
internal arrangement and cross-wall, [142], [145]-6;
basement, [146], [149]-50;
stairs, [146], [149];
chapels, [150], [153]-4;
kitchens, [154];
wells, [154];
mural chambers and galleries, [155]-6;
roof and rampart, [157], [159];
drawbacks of shape, [161]-2
—— , residential use of, [53]-5, [179], [188]
—— shell, [113]-6;
combination with rectangular tower, [129]
—— wooden tower on mount, [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [51], [52]-5, [56], [113], [160]
Kitchen in castles, [54], [193], [194], [209];
[see] also Keep

Lilium, [60], [61]
Lists, [264]
Limestone, Yorkshire, [355]
Logium, [54]

Machicolations, [82], [175], [223], [246]
Malvoisin, [66]
Mangana, mangon, mangonel, [64], [73]
Mantlets, [61], [64], [68], [70], [79];
of rope, [62]
Merlon, [169], [242], [245], [246]
Mile-castles on Roman wall, [11], [17], [60]
Mines, use of, in siege, [58], [62], [63], [68], [70], [71]
Monasteries, fortified, [298], [301], [303], [304], [315]
Motte, [41], [46], [54]
Mount, [41], [43], [44]-[47], [48]-[53], [54]
Mouse, [62], [68]
Municipium, [35], [53]
Munitio, [35], [53];
munitionem firmare, etc., [38]
Musculus, [62]

Norman conquest, castle-building after, [38], [39]
Normans at court of Edward the Confessor, [37]

Oppidum, [21]

Palicium, [55]
Palisade and stockade, use of, [5], [25], [26], [29], [32], [36], [40], [45], [46], [52], [53], [55], [58], [59], [61], [65], [66], [67], [68], [73], [89]
Pantry, [54]
Parapets, [79], [80], [82], [102], [242], [245], [246]
Parvise, [192]
Pele, [229], [312]
Pele-towers, [185], [219], [220], [312], [315], [316]
Pele-yard, [315]
Pent-houses, [62], [64], [79]
Petraria, [73]
Pierrière, [73]
Pomerium, [292], [295]
Porta decumana, [19];
praetoria, [19];
principalis, [19]
Portcullis, [70], [96], [227], [229]
Porte-coulis, [70]
Postern, [247], [251]
Praetorium, [14], [18]
Promontories, early camps on, [1], [2]
Propugnaculum, [89]

Quincunx, [60]

Ram, [69], Viollet-le-Duc; [63], [64], [68], [78], [79];
devices against, [79]
Rampart-walk, [241], Viollet-le-Duc; [79], [80], [89], [102];
[see] also Keep
Ravelin, [215]
Revetment, walls of, [186]
Roman military science, [59]-[62], [73]
—— occupation of Britain, [10]-[20]
—— roads in Britain, [11], [12], [25]
—— stations, [10], [12]-[20]
—— wall in Northumberland and Cumberland, [11], A. Thompson (after Bruce); [10], [11], [14], [15], [16], [17], [19], [21], [25]

Saxon invasions of Britain, [21], [22]
—— shore, fortresses of, [12], [22]
—— towns and villages, [23], [24]
Scaling, [58];
scaling-ladders, [61], [70], [71]
Scorpio, [73]
Shutter in embrasure, [245], Viollet-le-Duc; [242]
Siegecraft, engines used in, [68]-[77];
[see] Catapult
Sieges—
of Alesia, [59]-[61]
of Antioch, [164], [241]
of Château-Gaillard, [70], [71], [73], [76], [77], [163], [215], [216]
of Constantinople, [164]
of London by Danes, [64], [65]
of Marseilles, [61], [62]
of Paris, [63], [64]
of Le Puiset, [67], [68]
Slingers, [58]
Solar, solarium, [192], [193]
Sow, [68]
Spur at base of towers, [175], [185]
Stakes used as missiles, [61]
Stimuli, [61]
Stockade, [see] Palisade

Terebra, [68]
Testudo, [62], [68]
Tête-du-pont, [63], [234], [326]
Teutonic origin of mount-and-bailey castle, conjectural, [51]
Timbrian, [29]
Tortoise, [68];
[see] Testudo
Tower at siege of Marseilles, [62]
Tower, great, [see] Keep
Towers on ramparts, [60], [61], [161], [162], [164];
in early Norman castles, [102]-4;
[see] Flanking
—— on walls of Roman stations, [15]-[17]
—— strong, survivals of keep, [269], [281], [282]
Towns; Saxon settlements, [23], [24]
—— walled, [228], [288], Viollet-le-Duc;
early, [64], [65];
in relation to castles, [87]-[89]
Trebuchet, [75], [76], Viollet-le-Duc; [76]
Turrets on Roman wall, [11]

Urbs, [21]

Vallum, [2], [5], [11], [53], [60], [61]
Via praetoria, [18];
principalis, [18], [19], [23]
Villa, [53]
Villas in Roman Britain, [12], [21]
Vinea, [62]

Ward, [40]
Wells in castles, [119], [124], [125], [141], [145], [146], [154], [155], [179]

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