Chancellorsville and Gettysburg / Campaigns of the Civil War - VI

by Abner Doubleday

CHAPTER VI. THE BATTLE OF THE THIRD DAY—JOHNSON'S DIVISION DRIVEN OUT.

At dawn on the 3d the enemy opened on us with artillery, but the firing had no definite purpose, and after some hours it gradually slackened.

The principal interest early in the day necessarily centred on the right, where Johnson's position not only endangered the safety of the army, but compromised our retreat. It was therefore essential to drive him out as soon as possible. To this end batteries were established during the night on all the prominent points in that vicinity. Geary had returned with his division about midnight, and was not a little astonished to find the rebels established in the works he had left. He determined to contest possession with them at daylight. In the meantime he joined Greene and formed part of his line perpendicular to our main line of battle, and part fronting the enemy.

On the other hand, Ewell, having obtained a foothold, swore he would not be driven out, and hastened to reinforce Johnson with Daniel's and O'Neill's brigades from Rodes' division.

As soon as objects could be discerned in the early gray of the morning our artillery opened fire. As Johnson, on account of the steep declivities and other obstacles, had not been able to bring any artillery with him, he could not reply. It would not do to remain quiet under this fire, and he determined to charge, in hopes of winning a better position on higher ground. His men—the old Stonewall brigade leading—rushed bravely forward, but were as gallantly met by Kane's brigade of Geary's division and a close and severe struggle ensued for four hours among the trees and rocks. Ruger's division of the Twelfth Corps came up and formed on the rebel left, taking them in flank and threatening them in reverse. Indeed, as the rest of our line were not engaged, there was plenty of support for Geary. Troops were sent him, including Shaler's brigade, which took the front, and was soon warmly engaged in re- establishing the line.

At about 11 A.M., finding the contest hopeless, and his retreat threatened by a force sent down to Rock Creek, Johnson yielded slowly and reluctantly to a charge made by Geary's division, gave up the position and withdrew to Rock Creek, where he remained until night.

Our line was once more intact. All that the enemy had gained by dogged determination and desperate bravery was lost from a lack of co-ordination, caused perhaps by the great difficulty of communicating orders over this long concave line where every route was swept by our fire.

Lee had now attacked both flanks of the Army of the Potomac without having been able to establish himself permanently on either. Notwithstanding the repulse of the previous day he was very desirous of turning the left, for once well posted there he could secure his own retreat while interposing between Meade and Washington. He rode over with Longstreet to that end of the line to see what could be done. General Wofford, who commanded a brigade of McLaws' division, writes in a recent letter to General Crawford, United States Army, as follows: "Lee and Longstreet came to my brigade Friday morning before the artillery opened fire. I told him that the afternoon before, I nearly reached the crest. He asked if I could not go there now. I replied, 'No, General, I think not.' He said quickly, 'Why not?' 'Because,' I said, 'General, the enemy have had all night to intrench and reinforce. I had been pursuing a broken enemy and the situation was now very different.'"

Having failed at each extremity, it only remained to Lee to retreat, or attack the centre. Such high expectations had been formed in the Southern States in regard to his conquest of the North that he determined to make another effort. He still had Pickett's division, the flower of Virginia, which had not been engaged, and which was full of enthusiasm. He resolved to launch them against our centre, supported on either flank by the advance of the main portion of the army. He had hoped that Johnson's division would have been able to maintain its position on the right, so that the Union centre could be assailed in front and rear at the same time, but Johnson having been driven out, it was necessary to trust to Pickett alone, or abandon the whole enterprise and return to Virginia.

Everything was quiet up to 1 P.M., as the enemy were massing their batteries and concentrating their forces preparatory to the grand charge—the supreme effort—which was to determine the fate of the campaign, and to settle the point whether freedom or slavery was to rule the Northern States.

It seems to me there was some lack of judgment in the preparations. Heth's division, now under Pettigrew, which had been so severely handled on the first day, and which was composed in a great measure of new troops, was designated to support Pickett's left and join in the attack at close quarters. Wilcox, too, who one would think had been pretty well fought out the day before, in his desperate enterprise of attempting to crown the crest, was directed to support the right flank of the attack. Wright's brigade was formed in rear, and Pender's division on the left of Pettigrew, but there was a long distance between Wilcox and Longstreet's forces on the right.

At 1 P.M., a signal gun was fired and one hundred and fifteen guns opened against Hancock's command, consisting of the First Corps under Newton, the Second Corps under Gibbon, the Third Corps under Birney, and against the Eleventh Corps under Howard. The object of this heavy artillery fire was to break up our lines and prepare the way for Pickett's charge. The exigencies of the battle had caused the First Corps to be divided, Wadsworth's division being on the right at Culp's Hill, Robinson on Gibbon's right, and my own division intervening between Caldwell on the left and Gibbon on the right. The convex shape of our line did not give us as much space as that of the enemy, but General Hunt, Chief of Artillery, promptly posted eighty guns along the crest—as many as it would hold—to answer the fire, and the batteries on both sides suffered severely in the two hours' cannonade. Not less than eleven caissons were blown up and destroyed; one quite near me. When the smoke went up from these explosions rebel yells of exultation could be heard along a line of several miles. At 3 P.M. General Hunt ordered our artillery fire to cease, in order to cool the guns, and to preserve some rounds for the contest at close quarters, which he foresaw would soon take place.

My own men did not suffer a great deal from this cannonade, as I sheltered them as much as possible under the crest of the hill, and behind rocks, trees, and stone fences.

The cessation of our fire gave the enemy the idea they had silenced our batteries, and Pickett at once moved forward, to break the left centre of the Union line and occupy the crest of the ridge.* The other forces on his right and left were expected to move up and enlarge the opening thus made, so that finally, the two wings of the Union Army would be permanently separated, and flung off by this entering wedge in eccentric directions.

[* The attack was so important, so momentous, and so contrary to Longstreet's judgment, that when Pickett asked for orders to advance he gave no reply, and Pickett said proudly, "I shall go forward, sir!">[

This great column of attack, it was supposed, numbered about seventeen thousand men, but southern writers have a peculiar arithmetic by which they always cipher down their forces to nothing. Even on the left, on the preceding day, when our troops in front of Little Round Top were assailed by a line a mile and a half long, they figure it almost out of existence. The force that now advanced would have been larger still had it not been for a spirited attack by Kilpatrick against the left of Longstreet's corps, detaining some troops there which otherwise might have co-operated in the grand assault against our centre.

It necessarily took the rebels some time to form and cross the intervening space, and Hunt took advantage of the opportunity to withdraw the batteries that had been most injured, sending others in their place from the reserve artillery, which had not been engaged. He also replenished the ammunition boxes, and stood ready to receive the foe as he came forward—first with solid shot, next with shell, and lastly, when he came to close quarters, with canister.

General Meade's headquarters was in the centre of this cannonade, and as the balls were flying very thickly there, and killing the horses of his staff, he found it necessary temporarily to abandon the place. Where nothing is to be gained by exposure it is sound sense to shelter men and officers as much as possible. He rode over to Power's Hill, made his headquarters with General Slocum, and when the firing ceased rode back again. During his absence the charge took place. He has stated that it was his intention to throw the Fifth and Sixth Corps on the flanks of the attacking force, but no orders to this effect were issued, and it is questionable whether such an arrangement would have been a good one. It would have disgarnished the left, where Longstreet was still strong in numbers, and in forming perpendicular to our line of battle the two corps would necessarily have exposed their own outer flanks to attack. Indeed, the rebels had provided for just such a contingency, by posting Wilcox's brigade and Perry's brigade under Colonel Lang on the left, both in rear of the charging column under Pickett and Pettigrew. Owing to a mistake or misunderstanding, this disposition, however, did not turn out well for the enemy. It was not intended by Providence that the Northern States should pass under the iron rule of the slave power, and on this occasion every plan made by Lee was thwarted in the most unexpected manner.

The distance to be traversed by Pickett's column was about a mile and a half from the woods where they started, to the crest of the ridge they desired to attain. They suffered severely from our artillery, which opened on them with solid shot as soon as they came in sight; when half way across the plain they were vigorously shelled; double canisters were reserved for their nearer approach.

At first the direction of their march appeared to be directly toward my division. When within five hundred yards of us, however, Pickett halted and changed direction obliquely about forty-five degrees, so that the attack passed me and struck Gibbon's division on my right. Just here one of those providential circumstances occurred which favored us so much, for Wilcox and Lang, who guarded Pickett's right flank, did not follow his oblique movement, but kept on straight to the front, so that soon there was a wide interval between their troops and the main body, leaving Pickett's right fully uncovered.

The rebels came on magnificently. As fast as the shot and shell tore through their lines they closed up the gaps and pressed forward. When they reached the Emmetsburg road the canister began to make fearful chasms in their ranks. They also suffered severely from a battery on Little Round Top, which enfiladed their line. One shell killed and wounded ten men. Gibbon had directed his command to reserve their fire until the enemy were near enough to make it very effective. Pickett's advance dashed up to the fence occupied by the skirmishers of the Second Corps, near the Emmetsburg road, and drove them back; then the musketry blazed forth with deadly effect, and Pettigrew's men began to waver on the left and fall behind; for the nature of the ground was such that they were more exposed than other portions of the line. They were much shaken by the artillery fire, and that of Hays' division sent them back in masses.*

[* The front line of Hays' division, which received this charge, was composed of the 12th New Jersey, 14th Connecticut, and 1st Delaware. The second line was composed of the 111th, 125th, 126th, and 39th New York.]

Before the first line of rebels reached a second fence and stone wall, behind which our main body was posted, it was obliged to pass a demi-brigade under Colonel Theodore B. Gates, of the 20th New York State Militia, and a Vermont brigade under General Stannard, both belonging to my command. When Pickett's right became exposed in consequence of the divergence of Wilcox's command, Stannard seized the opportunity to make a flank attack, and while his left regiment, the 14th, poured in a heavy oblique fire, he changed front with his two right regiments, the 13th and 16th, which brought them perpendicular to the rebel line of march. In cases of this kind, when struck directly on the flank, troops are more or less unable to defend themselves, and Kemper's brigade crowded in toward the centre in order to avoid Stannard's energetic and deadly attack. They were closely followed up by Gates' command, who continued to fire into them at close range. This caused many to surrender, others to retreat outright, and others simply to crowd together. Simultaneously with Stannard's attack, the 8th Ohio, which was on picket, overlapping the rebel left, closed in on that flank with great effect. Nevertheless, the next brigade—that of Armistead— united to Garnett's brigade, pressed on, and in spite of death- dealing bolts on all sides, Pickett determined to break Gibbon's line and capture his guns.

Although Webb's front was the focus of the concentrated artillery fire, and he had already lost fifty men and some valuable officers, his line remained firm and unshaken. It devolved upon him now to meet the great charge which was to decide the fate of the day. It would have been difficult to find a man better fitted for such an emergency. He was nerved to great deeds by the memory of his ancestors, who in former days had rendered distinguished services to the Republic, and felt that the results of the whole war might depend upon his holding of the position. His men were equally resolute. Cushing's battery, A, 4th United States Artillery, which had been posted on the crest, and Brown's Rhode Island Battery on his left, were both practically destroyed by the cannonade. The horses were prostrated, every officer but one was struck, and Cushing had but one serviceable gun left.

As Pickett's advance came very close to the first line, young Cushing, mortally wounded in both thighs, ran his last serviceable gun down to the fence, and said: "Webb, I will give them one more shot!" At the moment of the last discharge he called out, "Good- by!" and fell dead at the post of duty.

Webb sent for fresh batteries to replace the two that were disabled, and Wheeler's 1st New York Independent Battery came up just before the attack, and took the place of Cushing's battery on the left.

Armistead pressed forward, leaped the stone wall, waving his sword with his hat on it, followed by about a hundred of his men, several of whom carried battle-flags. He shouted, "Give them the cold steel, boys!" and laid his hands upon a gun. The battery for a few minutes was in his possession, and the rebel flag flew triumphantly over our line. But Webb was at the front, very near Armistead, animating and encouraging his men. He led the 72d Pennsylvania regiment against the enemy, and posted a line of wounded men in rear to drive back or shoot every man that deserted his duty. A portion of the 71st Pennsylvania, behind a stone wall on the right, threw in a deadly flanking fire, while a great part of the 69th Pennsylvania and the remainder of the 71st made stern resistance from a copse of trees on the left, near where the enemy had broken the line, and where our men were shot with the rebel muskets touching their breasts.

Then came a splendid charge of two regiments, led by Colonel Hall, which passed completely through Webb's line, and engaged the enemy in a hand-to-hand conflict.* Armistead was shot down by the side of the gun he had taken. It is said he had fought on our side in the first battle at Bull Run, but had been seduced by Southern affiliations to join in the rebellion; and now, dying in the effort to extend the area of slavery over the free States, he saw with a clearer vision that he had been engaged in an unholy cause, and said to one of our officers who leaned over him: "Tell Hancock I have wronged him and have wronged my country."

[* Colonel Norman J. Hall, commanding a brigade in Hancock's corps,
who rendered this great service, was one of the garrison who defended
Fort Sumter at the beginning of the war. At that time he was the
Second Lieutenant of my company.]

Both Gibbon and Webb were wounded, and the loss in officers and men was very heavy; two rebel brigadier-generals were killed, and more prisoners were taken than twice Webb's brigade; 6 battle-flags, and 1,463 muskets were also gathered in.

My command being a little to the left, I witnessed this scene, and, after it was over, sent out stretcher-bearers attached to the ambulance train, and had numbers of wounded Confederates brought in and cared for. I was told that there was one man among these whose conversation seemed to indicate that he was a general officer. I sent to ascertain his rank, but he replied: "Tell General Doubleday in a few minutes I shall be where there is no rank." He expired soon after, and I never learned his name.

The rebels did not seem to appreciate my humanity in sending out to bring in their wounded, for they opened a savage fire against the stretcher-bearers. One shell burst among us, a piece of it knocked me over on my horse's neck, and wounded Lieutenant Cowdry of my staff.

When Pickett—the great leader—looked around the top of the ridge he had temporarily gained, he saw it was impossible to hold the position. Troops were rushing in on him from all sides. The Second Corps were engaged in a furious assault on his front. His men were fighting with clubbed muskets, and even banner staves were intertwined in a fierce and hopeless struggle. My division of the First Corps were on his right flank, giving deadly blows there, and the Third Corps were closing up to attack. Pettigrew's forces on his left had given way, and a heavy skirmish line began to accumulate on that flank. He saw his men surrendering in masses, and, with a heart full of anguish, ordered a retreat. Death had been busy on all sides, and few indeed now remained of that magnificent column which had advanced so proudly, led by the Ney of the rebel army, and those few fell back in disorder, and without organization, behind Wright's brigade, which had been sent forward to cover the retreat. At first, however, when struck by Stannard on the flank, and when Pickett's charge was spent, they rallied in a little slashing, where a grove had been cut down by our troops to leave an opening for our artillery. There two regiments of Rowley's brigade of my division, the 151st Pennsylvania and the 20th New York State Militia, under Colonel Theodore R. Gates, of the latter regiment, made a gallant charge, and drove them out. Pettigrew's division, it is said, lost 2,000 prisoners and 15 battle-flags on the left.

While this severe contest was going on in front of Webb, Wilcox deployed his command and opened a feeble fire against Caldwell's division on my left. Stannard repeated the manoeuvre which had been so successful against Kemper's brigade by detaching the 14th and 16th Vermont to take Wilcox in flank. Wilcox thus attacked on his right, while a long row of batteries tore the front of his line to pieces with canister, could gain no foothold. He found himself exposed to a tremendous cross fire, and was obliged to retreat, but a great portion of his command were brought in as prisoners by Stannard* and battle-flags were gathered in sheaves.

[* As Stannard's brigade were new troops, and had been stationed near Washington, the men had dubbed them The Paper Collar Brigade, because some of them were seen wearing paper collars, but after this fight the term was never again applied to them.]

A portion of Longstreet's corps, Benning's, Robertson's, and Law's brigades, advanced against the two Round Tops to prevent reinforcements from being sent from that vicinity to meet Pickett's charge. Kilpatrick interfered with this programme, however, for about 2 P.M. he made his appearance on our left with Farnsworth's brigade and Merritt's brigade of regulars, accompanied by Graham's and Elder's batteries of the regular army, to attack the rebel right, with a view to reach their ammunition trains, which were in the vicinity. The rebels say his men came on yelling like demons. Having driven back the skirmishers who guarded that flank, Merritt deployed on the left and soon became engaged there with Anderson's Georgia brigade, which was supported by two batteries. On the right Farnsworth, with the 1st Vermont regiment of his brigade, leaped a fence, and advanced until he came to a second stone fence, where he was checked by an attack on his right flank from the 4th Alabama regiment of Law's brigade, which came back for that purpose from a demonstration it was making against Round Top. Farnsworth then turned and leaping another fence in a storm of shot and shell, made a gallant attempt to capture Backman's battery, but was unable to do so, as it was promptly supported by the 9th Georgia regiment of Anderson's brigade. Farnsworth was killed in this charge, and the 1st Vermont found itself enclosed in a field, with high fences on all sides, behind which masses of infantry were constantly rising up and firing. The regiment was all broken up and forced to retire in detachments. Kilpatrick after fighting some time longer without making much progress, fell back on account of the constant reinforcements that were augmenting the force opposed to him. Although he had not succeeded in capturing the ammunition train, he had made a valuable diversion on the left, which doubtless prevented the enemy from assailing Round Top with vigor, or detaching a force to aid Pickett.

The Confederate General Benning states that the prompt action of General Law in posting the artillery in the road and the 7th and 9th Georgia regiments on each side, was all that saved the train from capture. "There was nothing else to save it." He also says that two-thirds of Pickett's command were killed, wounded, or captured. Every brigade commander and every field officer except one fell. Lee and Longstreet had seen from the edge of the woods, with great exultation, the blue flag of Virginia waving over the crest occupied by the Union troops. It seemed the harbinger of great success to Lee. He thought the Union army was conquered at last. The long struggle was over, and peace would soon come, accompanied by the acknowledgment of the independence of the Southern Confederacy. It was but a passing dream; the flag receded, and soon the plain was covered with fugitives making their way to the rear. Then, anticipating an immediate pursuit, he used every effort to rally men and officers, and made strenuous efforts to get his artillery in position to be effective.

The Confederate General A. R. Wright criticises this attack and very justly says, "The difficulty was not so much in reaching Cemetery Ridge or taking it. My brigade did so on the afternoon of the 2d, but the trouble was to hold it, for the whole Federal army was massed in a sort of horse shoe, and could rapidly reinforce the point to any extent; while the long enveloping Confederate line could not support promptly enough." This agrees with what I have said in relation to the convex and concave orders of battle.

General Gibbon had sent Lieutenant Haskell of his staff to Power's Hill to notify General Meade that the charge was coming. As Meade approached his old headquarters he heard firing on the crest above, and went up to ascertain the cause. He found the charge had been repulsed and ejaculated "Thank God!"

When Lee learned that Johnson had yielded his position on the right, and therefore could not co-operate with Pickett's advance, he sent Stuart's cavalry around to accomplish the same object by attacking the right and rear of our army. Howard saw the rebel cavalry moving off in that direction, and David McM. Gregg, whose division was near White's Creek where it crosses the Baltimore pike, received orders about noon to guard Slocum's right and rear.

Custer had already been contending with his brigade against portions of the enemy's force in that direction, when Gregg sent forward McIntosh's brigade to relieve him, and followed soon after with J. Irvin Gregg's brigade. Custer was under orders to join Kilpatrick's command, to which he belonged, but the exigencies of the battle soon forced Gregg to detain him. McIntosh, having taken the place of Custer, pushed forward to develop the enemy's line, which he found very strongly posted, the artillery being on a commanding ridge which overlooked the whole country, and covered by dismounted cavalry in woods, buildings, and behind fences below. McIntosh became warmly engaged and send back for Randol's battery to act against the rebel guns on the crest, and drive the enemy out of the buildings. The guns above were silenced by Pennington's and Randol's batteries, and the force below driven out of the houses by Lieutenant Chester's section of the latter. The buildings and fences were then occupied by our troops. The enemy attempted to regain them by a charge against McIntosh's right flank, but were repulsed. In the meantime Gregg came up with the other brigade, and assumed command of the field. The battle now became warm, for W. H. F. Lee's brigade, under Chambliss, advanced to support the skirmish line, and the 1st New Jersey, being out of ammunition, was charged and routed by the 1st Virginia. The 7th Michigan, a new regiment which came up to support it, was also driven in; for the enemy's dismounted line reinforced the 1st Virginia. The latter regiment, which had held on with desperate tenacity, although attacked on both flanks, was at last compelled to fall back by an attack made by part of the 5th Michigan. The contending forces were now pretty well exhausted when, to the dismay of our men, a fresh brigade under Wade Hampton, which Stuart had kept in reserve, made its appearance, and new and desperate exertions were required to stem its progress. There was little time to act, but every sabre that could be brought forward was used. As Hampton came on, our artillery under Pennington and Randol made terrible gaps in his ranks. Chester's section kept firing canister until the rebels were within fifty yards of him. The enemy were temporarily stopped by a desperate charge on their flank, made by only sixteen men of the 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Captains Triechel and Rogers, accompanied by Captain Newhall of McIntosh's staff. This little band of heroes were nearly all disabled or killed, but they succeeded in delaying the enemy, already shattered by the canister from Chester's guns, until Custer was able to bring up the 1st Michigan and lead them to the charge, shouting "Come on, you wolverines!" Every available sabre was thrown in. General McIntosh and his staff and orderlies charged into the mélée as individuals. Hampton and Fitz Lee headed the enemy, and Custer our troops. Lieutenant Colonel W. Brooke-Rawle, the historian of the conflict, who was present, says, "For minutes, which seemed like hours, amid the clashing of the sabres, the rattle of the small arms, the frenzied imprecations, the demands to surrender, the undaunted replies, and the appeals for mercy, the Confederate column stood its ground." A fresh squadron was brought up under Captain Hart of the 1st New Jersey, and the enemy at last gave way and retired. Both sides still confronted each other, but the battle was over, for Pickett's charge had failed, and there was no longer any object in continuing the contest.

Stuart was undoubtedly baffled and the object of his expedition frustrated; yet he stated in his official report that he was in a position to intercept the Union retreat in case Pickett had been successful. At night he retreated to regain his communications with Ewell's left.

This battle being off of the official maps has hardly been alluded to in the various histories which have been written; but its results were important and deserve to be commemorated.

When Pickett's charge was repulsed, and the whole plain covered with fugitives, we all expected that Wellington's command at Waterloo, of "Up, guards, and at them!" would be repeated, and that a grand counter-charge would be made. But General Meade had made no arrangements to give a return thrust. It seems to me he should have posted the Sixth and part of the Twelfth Corps in rear of Gibbon's division the moment Pickett's infantry were seen emerging from the woods, a mile and a half off. If they broke through our centre these corps would have been there to receive them, and if they failed to pierce our line and retreated, the two corps could have followed them up promptly before they had time to rally and reorganize. An advance by Sykes would have kept Longstreet in position. In all probability we would have cut the enemy's army in two, and captured the long line of batteries opposite us, which were but slightly guarded. Hancock, lying wounded in an ambulance, wrote to Meade, recommending that this be done. Meade, it is true, recognized in some sort the good effects of a counter-blow; but to be effective the movement should have been prepared beforehand. It was too late to commence making preparations for an advance when some time had elapsed and when Lee had rallied his troops and had made all his arrangements to resist an assault. It was ascertained afterward that he had twenty rounds of ammunition left per gun, but it was not evenly distributed and some batteries in front had fired away all their cartridges. A counter-charge under such circumstances is considered almost imperative in war; for the beaten army, running and dismayed, cannot, in the nature of things, resist with much spirit; whereas the pursuers, highly elated by their success, and with the prospect of ending the contest, fight with more energy and bravery. Rodes says the Union forces were so long in occupying the town and in coming forward after the repulse of the enemy that it was generally thought they had retreated. Meade rode leisurely over to the Fifth Corps on the left, and told Sykes to send out and see if the enemy in his front was firm and holding on to their position. A brigade preceded by skirmishers was accordingly sent forward, but as Longstreet's troops were well fortified, they resisted the advance, and Meade—finding some hours had elapsed and that Lee had closed up his lines and was fortifying against him—gave up all idea of a counter-attack.

CHAPTER VII. GENERAL RETREAT OF THE ENEMY—CRITICISMS OF DISTINGUISHED CONFEDERATE OFFICERS.

Lee was greatly dispirited at Pickett's failure, but worked with untiring energy to repair the disaster.

There was an interval of full a mile between Hill and Longstreet, and the plain was swarming with fugitives making their way back in disorder. He hastened to get ready to resist the counter-charge, which he thought was inevitable, and to plant batteries behind which the fugitives could rally. He also made great personal exertions to reassure and reassemble the detachments that came in. He did not for a moment imagine that Meade would fail to take advantage of this golden opportunity to crush the Army of Virginia and end the war.

The most distinguished rebel officers admit the great danger they were in at this time, and express their surprise that they were not followed up.

The fact is, Meade had no idea of leaving the ridge. I conversed the next morning with a corps commander who had just left him. He said: "Meade says he thinks he can hold out for part of another day here, if they attack him."

This language satisfied me that Meade would not go forward if he could avoid it, and would not impede in any way the rebel retreat across the Potomac. Lee began to make preparations at once and started his trains on the morning of the 4th. By night Rodes' division, which followed them, was in bivouac two miles west of Fairfield. It was a difficult task to retreat burdened with 4,000 prisoners, and a train fifteen miles long, in the presence of a victorious enemy, but it was successfully accomplished as regards his main body. The roads, too, were bad and much cut up by the rain.

While standing on Little Round Top Meade was annoyed at the fire of a rebel battery posted on an eminence beyond the wheat-field, about a thousand yards distant. He inquired what troops those were stationed along the stone fence which bounded the hither side of the wheat-field. Upon ascertaining that it was Crawford's division of the Fifth Corps, he directed that they be sent forward to clear the woods in front of the rebel skirmishers, who were very annoying, and to drive away the battery, but not to get into a fight that could bring on a general engagement. As Crawford unmasked from the stone fence the battery opened fire on his right. He sent Colonel Ent's regiment, deployed as skirmishers, against the guns, which retired as Ent approached. McCandless, who went forward with his brigade, moved too far to the right, and Crawford ordered him to change front and advance toward Round Top. He did so and struck a rebel brigade in flank which was behind a temporary breastwork of rails, sods, etc. When this brigade saw a Union force apparently approaching from their own lines to attack them in flank, they retreated in confusion, after a short resistance, and this disorder extended during the retreat to a reserve brigade posted on the low ground in their rear. Their flight did not cease until they reached Horner's woods, half a mile distant, where they immediately intrenched themselves. These brigades belonged to Hood's division, then under Law.

Longstreet says, "When this (Pickett's) charge failed, I expected that, of course, the enemy would throw himself against our shattered ranks and try to crush us. I sent my staff officers to the rear to assist in rallying the troops, and hurried to our line of batteries as the only support that I could given them." . . . "I knew if the army was to be saved these batteries must check the enemy." . . . "For unaccountable reasons the enemy did not pursue his advantage."

Longstreet always spoke of his own men as invincible, and stated that on the 2d they did the best three hours' fighting that ever was done, but Crawford's* attack seemed to show that they too were shaken by the defeat of Picket's grand charge.

[* Crawford was also one of those who took a prominent part in the defence of Fort Sumter, at the beginning of the war. We each commanded detachments of artillery on that occasion.]

In regard to the great benefit we would have derived from a pursuit, it may not be out of place to give the opinion of a few more prominent Confederate officers.

Colonel Alexander, Chief of Longstreet's artillery, says in a communication to the "Southern Historical Papers":

"I have always believed that the enemy here lost the greatest opportunity they ever had of routing Lee's army by a prompt offensive. They occupied a line shaped somewhat like a horseshoe. I suppose the greatest diameter of this horseshoe was not more than one mile, and the ground within was entirely sheltered from our observation and fire, with communications by signals all over it, and they could concentrate their whole force at any point and in a very short time without our knowledge. Our line was an enveloping semi- circle, over four miles in development, and communication from flank to flank, even by courier, was difficult, the country being well cleared and exposed to the enemy's view and fire, the roads all running at right angles to our lines, and, some of them at least, broad turnpikes where the enemy's guns could rake for two miles. Is it necessary now to add any statement as to the superiority of the Federal force, or the exhausted and shattered condition of the Confederates for a space of at least a mile in their very centre, to show that a great opportunity was thrown away? I think General Lee himself was quite apprehensive the enemy would riposte, and that it was that apprehension which brought him alone out to my guns, where he could observe all the indications."

General Trimble, who commanded a division of Hill's corps, which supported Pickett in his advance, says, "By all the rules of warfare the Federal troops should (as I expected they would) have marched against our shattered columns and sought to cover our army with an overwhelming defeat."

Colonel Simms, who commanded Semmes' Georgia brigade in the fight with Crawford just referred to, writes to the latter, "There was much confusion in our army so far as my observation extended, and I think we would have made but feeble resistance, if you had pressed on, on the evening of the 3d."

General Meade, however, overcome by the great responsibilities of his position, still clung to the ridge, and fearful of a possible disaster would not take the risk of making an advance. And yet if he could have succeeded in crushing Lee's army then and there, he would have saved two years of war with its immense loss of life and countless evils. He might at least have thrown in Sedgwick's corps, which had not been actively engaged in the battle, for even if it was repulsed the blows it gave would leave the enemy little inclination to again assail the heights.

At 6.30 P.M. the firing ceased on the part of the enemy, and although they retained their position the next day, the battle of Gettysburg was virtually at an end.

The town was still full of our wounded, and many of our surgeons, with rare courage, remained there to take charge of them, for it required some nerve to run the risk of being sent to Libby prison when the fight was over, a catastrophe which has often happened to our medical officers. Among the rest, the chief surgeons of the First Corps, Doctor Theodore Heard and Doctor Thomas H. Bache, refused to leave their patients, and in consequence of the hasty retreat of the enemy were fortunately not carried off.

After the battle Meade had not the slightest desire to recommence the struggle. It is a military maxim that to a flying enemy must be given a wall of steel or a bridge of gold. In the present instance it was unmistakably the bridge of gold that was presented. It was hard to convince him that Lee was actually gone, and at first he thought it might be a device to draw the Union army from its strong position on the heights.

Our cavalry were sent out on the 4th to ascertain where the enemy were, and what they were doing. General Birney threw forward a reconnoitering party and opened fire with a battery on a column making their way toward Fairfield, but he was checked at once and directed on no account to bring on a battle. On the 5th, as it was certain the enemy were retreating, Sedgwick received orders to follow up the rear of the rebel column. He marched eight miles to Fairfield Pass. There Early, who was in command of the rear guard, was endeavoring to save the trains, which were heaped up in great confusion. Sedgwick, after a distant cannonade, reported the position too strong to be forced. It was a plain, two miles wide, surrounded by hills, and it would not have been difficult to take it, but Sedgwick knew Meade favored the "bridge of gold" policy, and was not disposed to thwart the wishes of his chief. In my opinion Sedgwick should have made an energetic attack, and Meade should have supported it with his whole army, for our cavalry were making great havoc in the enemy's train in rear; and if Lee, instead of turning on Kilpatrick, had been forced to form line against Meade, the cavalry, which was between him and his convoys of ammunition, in all probability might have captured the latter and ended the war. Stuart, it is true, was following up Kilpatrick, but he took an indirect route and was nearly a day behind. I do not see why the force which was now promptly detached from the garrisons of Washington and Baltimore and sent to Harper's Ferry could not have formed on the Virginia side of the Potomac opposite Williamsport, and with the co-operation of General Meade have cut off the ammunition of which Lee stood so much in need. As the river had risen and an expedition sent out by General French from Frederick had destroyed the bridge at Falling Waters, everything seemed to favor such a plan. The moment it was ascertained that Lee was cut off from Richmond and short of ammunition the whole North would have turned out and made a second Saratoga of it. As it was, he had but few roads for his cannon, and our artillery could have opened a destructive fire on him from a distance without exposing our infantry. It was worth the effort and there was little or no danger in attempting it. Meade had Sedgwick's fresh corps and was reinforced by a division of 11,000 men under General W. F. Smith (Baldy Smith). French's division of 4,000 at Frederick, and troops from Washington and Baltimore were also available to assist in striking the final blow. The Twelfth Corps was also available, as Slocum volunteered to join in the pursuit. Meade, however, delayed moving at all until Lee had reached Hagerstown and then took a route that was almost twice as long as that adopted by the enemy. Lee marched day and night to avoid pursuit, and when the river rose and his bridge was gone, so that he was unable to cross, he gained six days in which to choose a position, fortify it, and renew his supply of ammunition before Meade made his appearance.

In consequence of repeated orders from President Lincoln to attack the enemy, Meade went forward and confronted Lee on the 12th. He spent that day and the next in making reconnoissances and resolved to attack on the 14th; but Lee left during the night, and by 8 A.M. the entire army of the enemy were once more on Virginia soil.

The Union loss in this campaign is estimated by the Count of Paris, who is an impartial observer, at 2,834 killed, 13,700 wounded, and 6,643 missing; total, 23,186.

The rebel loss he puts at 2,665 killed, 12,599 wounded, 7,464 missing; total 22,728.

Among the killed in the battle on the rebel side were Generals Armistead, Barksdale, Garnett, Pender, and Semmes; and Pettigrew during the retreat.

Among the wounded were Generals G. T. Anderson, Hampton, Jenkins,
J. M. Jones, Kemper, and Scales.

Archer was captured on the first day.

Among the killed on the Union side were Major-General Reynolds and
Brigadier-Generals Vincent, Weed, and Zook.

Among the wounded were Major-Generals Sickles (losing a leg),
Hancock, Doubleday, Gibbon, Barlow, Warren, and Butterfield, and
Brigadier-Generals Graham, Stannard, Paul (losing both eyes),
Barnes, Brooke, and Webb.

APPENDIX A. Roster of the Federal Army engaged in the Battle of Gettysburg, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, July 1st, 2d, and 3d, 1863.

MAJOR-GENERAL GEO. GORDON MEADE
STAFF.
MAJOR-GENERAL DANIEL BUTTERFIELD, Chief of Staff.
BRIG.-GENERAL M. R. PATRICK, Provost Marshal-General.
" " SETH WILLIAMS, Adjutant-General.
" " EDMUND SCHRIVER, Inspector-General.
" " RUFUS INGALLS, Quartermaster-General.
COLONEL HENRY F. CLARKE, Chief Commis'y of Subsistence.
MAJOR JONATHAN LETTERMAN, Surgeon, Chief of Medical Department.
BRIG.-GENERAL G. K. WARREN, Chief Engineer.
MAJOR D. W. FLAGLER, Chief Ordnance Officer.
MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED PLEASONTON, Chief of Cavalry.
BRIG.-GENERAL HENRY J. HUNT, Chief of Artillery.
CAPTAIN L. B. NORTON, Chief Signal Officer.

MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN F. REYNOLDS,* Commanding the First, Third, and
Eleventh Corps on July 1st.
[* He was killed and succeeded by Major-General O. O. Howard.]
MAJOR-GENERAL HENRY W. SLOCUM, Commanding the Right Wing on July
2d and July 3d.
MAJOR-GENERAL W. S. HANCOCK, Commanding the Left Centre on July 2d
and July 3d.

FIRST CORPS.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN F. REYNOLDS, PERMANENT COMMANDER.
MAJOR-GENERAL ABNER DOUBLEDAY, Commanding on July 1st.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN NEWTON, Commanding July 2d and 3d.
FIRST DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JAMES S. WADSWORTH
First Brigade.—(1) Brigadier-General SOLOMON MEREDITH
(wounded); (2) Colonel HENRY A. MORROW (wounded);* (3) Colonel W.
W. ROBINSON.
[* See page 130.]
2d Wisconsin, Colonel Lucius Fairchild (wounded), Lieut.-
Colonel George H. Stevens (wounded), Major John Mansfield (wounded),
Captain Geo. H. Otis
6th Wisconsin, Lieut.-Colonel R. R. Dawes
7th Wisconsin, Colonel W. W. Robinson
24th Michigan, Colonel Henry A. Morrow (wounded), Lieut.-
Colonel Mark Flanigan (wounded), Major Edwin B. Wright (wounded),
Captain Albert M. Edwards
19th Indiana, Colonel Samuel Williams
Second Brigade.—Brigadier-General LYSANDER CUTLER
7th Indiana, Major Ira G. Grover
56th Pennsylvania, Colonel J. W. Hoffman
76th New York, Major Andrew J. Grover (killed), Captain John
E. Cook
95th New York, Colonel George H. Biddle (wounded), Major
Edward Pye
147th New York, Lieut.-Colonel F. C. Miller (wounded), Major
George Harney
14th Brooklyn, Colonel E. B. Fowler
SECOND DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN C. ROBINSON
First Brigade.—Brigadier-General GABRIEL R. PAUL (wounded);
Colonel S. H. LEGNARD; Colonel RICHARD COULTER.
16th Maine, Colonel Charles W. Tilden (captured), Lieut.-
Colonel N. E. Welch, Major Arch. D. Leavitt
13th Massachusetts, Colonel S. H. Leonard (wounded)
94th New York, Colonel A. R. Root (wounded), Major S. H.
Moffat
104th New York, Colonel Gilbert G. Prey
107th Pennsylvania, Colonel T. F. McCoy (wounded), Lieut.-
Colonel James McThompson (wounded), Captain E. D. Roath
11th Pennsylvania, Colonel Richard S. Coulter, Captain J. J.
Blerer.*
[* The 11th Pennsylvania was transferred from the Second Brigade.]
Second Brigade.—Brigadier-General HENRY BAXTER
12th Massachusetts, Colonel James L. Bates
83d New York, Lieut.-Colonel Joseph R. Moesch
97th New York, Colonel Charles Wheelock
88th Pennsylvania, Major Benezet F. Faust, Captain E. Y.
Patterson
90th Pennsylvania, Colonel Peter Lyle
THIRD DIVISION.
MAJOR-GENERAL ABNER DOUBLEDAY PERMANENT COMMANDER on July 2d and
3d.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL THOMAS A. ROWLEY, July 1st.
First Brigade.—Brigadier-General THOMAS A. ROWLEY, July 2d
and 3d; Colonel CHAPMAN BIDDLE, July 1st.
121st Pennsylvania, Colonel Chapman Biddle, Major Alexander
Biddle
142d Pennsylvania, Colonel Robert P. Cummings (killed), Lieut.-
Colonel A. B. McCalmont
151st Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel George F. McFarland (lost
a leg), Captain Walter L. Owens
20th New York S. M., Colonel Theodore B. Gates
Second Brigade.—(1) Colonel ROY STONE Commanding (wounded);
(2) Colonel LANGHORNE WISTER (wounded); (3) Colonel EDMUND L. DANA
143d Pennsylvania, Colonel Edmund L. Dana, Major John D. Musser
149th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Walton Dwight (wounded),
Captain A. J. Sofield (killed), Captain John Irvin
150th Pennsylvania, Colonel Langhorne Wister (wounded), Lieut.-
Colonel H. S. Huidekoper (wounded), Major Thomas Chamberlain
(wounded), Capt. C. C. Widdis (wounded), Captain G. W. Jones
Third Brigade.—Brigadier-General GEO. J. STANNARD (wounded)
12th Vermont, Colonel Asa P. Blunt (not engaged)
13th Vermont, Colonel Francis V. Randall
14th Vermont, Colonel William T. Nichols
15th Vermont, Colonel Redfield Proctor (not engaged)
16th Vermont, Colonel Wheelock G. Veazey
Artillery Brigade.—Colonel CHARLES S. WAINWRIGHT
2d Maine, Captain James A. Hall
5th Maine, G. T. Stevens
Battery B, 1st Pennsylvania, Captain J. H. Cooper
Battery B, 4th United States, Lieutenant James Stewart
Battery L, 1st New York, Captain J. A. Reynolds
[NOTE.—Tidball's Battery of the 2d United States Artillery, under
Lieutenant John H. Calef, also fought in line with the First Corps.
Lieutenant Benj. W. Wilber, and Lieutenant George Breck, of Captain
Reynolds' Battery, and Lieutenant James Davison, of Stewart's
Battery, commanded sections which were detached at times.]

SECOND CORPS.
MAJOR-GENERAL WINFIELD S. HANCOCK, PERMANENT COMMANDER (wounded).
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN GIBBON (wounded).
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN C. CALDWELL.
FIRST DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN C. CALDWELL
COLONEL JOHN H. BROOKE (wounded)
First Brigade.—Colonel EDWARD E. CROSS (killed); Colonel H.
B. McKEEN
5th New Hampshire, Colonel E. E. Cross, Lieut.-Colonel C.
E. Hapgood
61st New York, Lieut.-Colonel Oscar K. Broady
81st Pennsylvania, Colonel H. Boyd McKeen, Lieut.-Colonel
Amos Stroho
148th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Robert McFarland
Second Brigade.—Colonel PATRICK KELLY
28th Massachusetts, Colonel Richard Byrnes
63d New York, Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Bentley (wounded), Captain
Thos. Touhy
69th New York, Captain Richard Maroney (wounded), Lieutenant
James J. Smith
88th New York, Colonel Patrick Kelly, Captain Dennis F. Burke
116th Pennsylvania, Major St. Clair A. Mulholland
Third Brigade.—Brigadier-General S. K. ZOOK Commanding
(killed), Lieut.-Colonel JOHN FRAZER
52d New York, Lieut.-Colonel Charles G. Freudenberg (wounded),
Captain Wm. Scherrer
57th New York, Lieut.-Colonel Alfred B. Chapman
66th New York, Colonel Orlando W. Morris (wounded), Lieut.
Colonel John S. Hammell (wounded), Major Peter Nelson
146th Pennsylvania, Colonel Richard P. Roberts (killed), Lieut.-
Colonel John Frazer
Fourth Brigade.—Colonel JOHN R. BROOKE Commanding (wounded)
27th Connecticut, Lieut.-Colonel Henry C. Merwin (killed),
Major James H. Coburn
64th New York, Colonel Daniel G. Bingham
53d Pennsylvania, Colonel J. R. Brooke, Lieut.-Colonel
Richard McMichael
145th Pennsylvania, Colonel Hiram L. Brown (wounded), Captain
John W. Reynolds (wounded), Captain Moses W. Oliver
2d Delaware, Colonel William P. Bailey
SECOND DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN GIBBON, PERMANENT COMMANDER (wounded).
BRIGADIER-GENERAL WILLIAM HARROW.
First Brigade.—Brigadier-General WILLIAM HARROW, Colonel
FRANCIS E. HEATH
19th Maine, Colonel F. E. Heath, Lieut.-Colonel Henry W.
Cunningham
15th Massachusetts, Colonel George H. Ward (killed), Lieut.-
Colonel George C. Joslin
82d New York, Colonel Henry W. Hudson (killed), Captain John
Darrow
1st Minnesota, Colonel William Colvill (wounded), Captain
N. S. Messick (killed), Captain Wilson B. Farrell, Captain Louis
Muller, Captain Joseph Perham, Captain Henry C. Coates
Second Brigade.—Brigadier-General ALEX. S. WEBB (wounded)
69th Pennsylvania, Colonel Dennis O. Kane (killed), Lieut.-
Colonel M. Tschudy (killed), Major James Duffy (wounded), Captain
Wm. Davis
71st Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Richard Penn Smith
72d Pennsylvania, Colonel De Witt C. Baxter
106th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Theo. Hesser
Third Brigade.—Colonel NORMAN J. HALL Commanding
19th Massachusetts, Colonel Arthur F. Devereaux
20th Massachusetts, Colonel Paul J. Revere (killed), Captain
H. L. Abbott (wounded)
42d New York, Colonel James E. Mallon
59th New York, Lieut.-Colonel Max A. Thoman (killed)
7th Michigan, Colonel N. J. Hall, Lieut.-Colonel Ames E.
Steele (killed), Major S. W. Curtis
Unattached.—Andrew Sharpshooters.
THIRD DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL ALEXANDER HAYS
First Brigade.—Colonel SAMUEL S. CARROLL
4th Ohio, Lieut.-Colonel James H. Godman, Lieut.-Colonel L.
W. Carpenter
8th Ohio, Colonel S. S. Carroll, Lieut.-Colonel Franklin
Sawyer
14th Indiana, Colonel John Coons
7th West Virginia, Colonel Joseph Snyder
Second Brigade.—Colonel THOMAS A. SMITH (wounded); Lieut.-
Colonel F. E. PIERCE
14th Connecticut, Major John T. Ellis
10th New York (battalion), Major Geo. F. Hopper
108th New York, Colonel Charles J. Powers
12th New Jersey, Major John T. Hill
1st Delaware, Colonel Thomas A. Smyth; Lieut.-Colonel Edward
P. Harris, Captain M. B. Ellgood (killed), Lieutenant Wm. Smith
(killed)
Third Brigade.—Colonel GEORGE L. WILLARD (killed); Colonel
ELIAKIM SHERRILL (killed); Lieut.-Colonel JAMES M. BULL
39th New York, Lieut.-Colonel James G. Hughes
111th New York, Colonel Clinton D. McDougall (wounded), Lieut.-
Colonel Isaac M. Lusk, Captain A. P. Seeley
125th New York, Colonel G. L. Willard (killed), Lieut.-Colonel
Levi Crandall
126th New York, Colonel E. Sherrill (killed), Lieut.-Colonel
J. M. Bull
Artillery Brigade.—Captain J. G. HAZARD
Battery B, 1st New York, Captain James McK. Rorty (killed)
Battery A, 1st Rhode Island, Lieutenant William A. Arnold
Battery B, 1st Rhode Island, Lieutenant T. Fred. Brown
(wounded)
Battery I, 1st United States, Lieutenant G. A. Woodruff
(killed)
Battery A, 4th United States, Lieutenant A. H. Cushing
(killed)
[NOTE.—Battery C, 4th United States, Lieutenant R. Thomas, was in
the line of the Second Corps on July 3d. Some of the batteries
were so nearly demolished that there was no officer to assume
command at the close of the battle.]

THIRD CORPS.
MAJOR-GENERAL DANIEL E. SICKLES (wounded)
MAJOR-GENERAL DAVID B. BIRNEY
FIRST DIVISION.
MAJOR-GENERAL DAVID B. BIRNEY PERMANENT COMMANDER.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL J. H. H. WARD
First Brigade.—Brigadier-General C. K. GRAHAM (wounded,
captured); Colonel ANDREW H. TIPPIN
57th Pennsylvania, Colonel Peter Sides, Lieut.-Colonel Wm.
P. Neeper (wounded), Captain A. H. Nelson
63d Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John A. Danks
68th Pennsylvania, Colonel A. H. Tippin, all the Field Officers
wounded
105th Pennsylvania, Colonel Calvin A. Craig
114th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Frederick K. Cavada
(captured)
141st Pennsylvania, Colonel Henry J. Madill, Captain E. R.
Brown.*
[* Colonel Madill commanded the 114th and 141st Pennsylvania.]
[NOTE.—The 2d New Hampshire, 3d Maine, and 7th and 8th New Jersey
also formed part of Graham's line on the 2d.]
Second Brigade.—Brigadier-General J. H. H. WARD, Colonel H.
BERDAN
1st U. S. Sharpshooters, Colonel H. Berdan, Lieut.-Colonel
C. Trapp
2d U. S. Sharpshooters, Major H. H. Stoughton
3d Maine, Colonel M. S. Lakeman (captured), Captain William
C. Morgan
4th Maine, Colonel Elijah Walker (killed), Major Ebenezer
Whitcombe (wounded), Captain Edwin Libby
20th Indiana, Colonel John Wheeler (killed), Lieut.-Colonel
William C. L. Taylor
99th Pennsylvania, Major John W. Moore
86th New York, Lieut.-Colonel Benjamin Higgins
124th New York, Colonel A. Van Horn Ellis (killed), Lieut.-
Colonel Francis M. Cummings
Third Brigade.—Colonel PHILIP R. DE TROBRIAND
3d Michigan, Colonel Byron R. Pierce (wounded), Lieut.-
Colonel E. S. Pierce
5th Michigan, Lieut.-Colonel John Pulford (wounded), Major
S. S. Matthews
40th New York, Colonel Thomas W. Egan
17th Maine, Lieut.-Colonel Charles B. Merrill
110th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel David M. Jones (wounded),
Major Isaac Rogers
SECOND DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL ANDREW A. HUMPHREYS
First Brigade.—Brigadier-General JOSEPH B. CARR
1st Massachusetts, Colonel N. B. McLaughlin
11th Massachusetts, Lieut.-Colonel Porter D. Tripp
16th Massachusetts, Lieut.-Colonel Waldo Merriam
26th Pennsylvania, Captain Geo. W. Tomlinson (wounded),
Captain Henry Goodfellow
11th New Jersey, Colonel Robert McAllister (wounded), Major
Philip J. Kearny (killed), Captain Wm. B. Dunning
84th Pennsylvania (not engaged), Lieut.-Colonel Milton Opp
19th New Hampshire, Captain J. F. Langley
Second Brigade.—Colonel WILLIAM B. BREWSTER
70th New York (1st Excelsior), Major Daniel Mahen
71st New York (2d Excelsior), Colonel Henry L. Potter
72d New York (3d Excelsior), Colonel Wm. O. Stevens (killed),
Lieut.-Colonel John S. Austin
73d New York (4th Excelsior), Colonel William R. Brewster,
Major M. W. Burns
74th New York (5th Excelsior), Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Holt
120th New York, Lieut.-Colonel Cornelius D. Westbrook (wounded),
Major J. R. Tappen, Captain A. L. Lockwood
Third Brigade.—Colonel GEORGE C. BURLING
5th New Jersey, Colonel William J. Sewall (wounded), Captain
Virgel M. Healey (wounded), Captain T. C. Godfrey, Captain H. H.
Woolsey
6th New Jersey, Colonel George C. Burling, Lieut.-Colonel
S. R. Gilkyson
7th New Jersey, Colonel L. R. Francine (killed), Lieut.-
Colonel Francis Price
8th New Jersey, Colonel John Ramsey (wounded), Captain John
G. Langston
115th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John P. Dunne
2d New Hampshire, Colonel Edward L. Bailey (wounded), Major
Saml. P. Sayles (wounded)
Artillery Brigade.—Captain GEORGE E. RANDOLPH
Battery E, 1st Rhode Island, Lieutenant John K. Bucklyn
(wounded), Lieutenant Benj. Freeborn
Battery B, 1st New Jersey, Captain A. J. Clark
Battery D, 1st New Jersey, Captain Geo. T. Woodbury
Battery K, 4th U. S., Lieutenant F. W. Seeley (wounded),
Lieutenant Robt. James
Battery D, 1st New York, Captain George B. Winslow
4th New York, Captain James E. Smith

FIFTH CORPS.
MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE SYKES
FIRST DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JAMES BARNES
First Brigade.—Colonel W. S. TILTON
18th Massachusetts, Colonel Joseph Hayes
22d Massachusetts, Colonel William S. Tilton, Lieut.-Colonel
Thomas Sherman, Jr.
118th Pennsylvania, Colonel Charles M. Prevost
1st Michigan, Colonel Ira C. Abbot (wounded), Lieut.-Colonel
W. A. Throop
Second Brigade.—Colonel J. B. SWEITZER
9th Massachusetts, Colonel Patrick R. Guiney
32d Massachusetts, Col. Geo. L. Prescott (wounded), Lieut.-
Colonel Luther Stephenson (wounded), Major J. Cushing Edmunds
4th Michigan, Colonel Hamson H. Jeffords (killed), Lieut.-
Colonel George W. Lombard
62d Pennsylvania, Colonel J. B. Sweitzer, Lieut.-Colonel
James C. Hall
Third Brigade.—Colonel STRONG VINCENT (killed); Colonel
JAMES C. RICE
20th Maine, Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain
44th New York, Colonel James C. Rice, Lieut.-Colonel Freeman
Conner
83d Pennsylvania, Major William H. Lamont, Captain O. E.
Woodward
16th Michigan, Lieut.-Colonel N. R. Welch
SECOND DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL ROMAYN B. AYRES
First Brigade.—Colonel HANNIBAL DAY, 6th U. S. Infantry
3d U. S. Infantry, Captain H. W. Freedley (wounded), Captain
Richard G. Lay
4th U. S. Infantry, Captain J. W. Adams
6th U. S. Infantry, Captain Levi C. Bootes
12th U. S. Infantry, Captain Thomas S. Dunn
14th U. S. Infantry, Major G. R. Giddings
Second Brigade.—Colonel SIDNEY BURBANK, 2d U. S. Infantry
2d U. S. Infantry, Major A. T. Lee (wounded), Captain S.
A. McKee
7th U. S. Infantry, Captain D. P. Hancock
10th U. S. Infantry, Captain William Clinton
11th U. S. Infantry, Major De L. Floyd Jones
17th U. S. Infantry, Lieut.-Colonel Durrell Green
Third Brigade.—Brigadier-General S. H. WEED (killed); Colonel
KENNER GARRARD
140th New York, Colonel Patrick H. O'Rorke (killed), Lieut.-
Colonel Louis Ernst
146th New York, Colonel K. Garrard, Lieut.-Colonel David T.
Jenkins
91st Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Joseph H. Sinex
155th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John H. Cain
THIRD DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL S. WILEY CRAWFORD
First Brigade.—Colonel WILLIAM McCANDLESS
1st Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel William Cooper Talley
2d Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel William McCandless, Lieut.-
Colonel George A. Woodward
6th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel Wellington H. Ent
11th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel S. M. Jackson
1st Rifles (Bucktails), Colonel Charles J. Taylor (killed),
Lieut.-Colonel A. E. Niles (wounded), Major William R. Hartshorn
Second Brigade.—Colonel JOSEPH W. FISHER
5th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel J. W. Fisher, Lieut.-
Colonel George Dare
9th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut.-Colonel James McK. Snodgrass
10th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel A. J. Warner
12th Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel M. D. Hardin
Artillery Brigade.—Captain A. P. MARTIN
Battery D, 5th United States, Lieutenant Charles E. Hazlett
(killed), Lieutenant B. F. Rittenhouse
Battery I, 5th United States, Lieutenant Leonard Martin
Battery C, 1st New York, Captain Albert Barnes
Battery L, 1st Ohio, Captain N. C. Gibbs
Battery C, Massachusetts, Captain A. P. Martin
Provost Guard.—Captain H. W. RYDER. Companies E and D, 12th
New York.

SIXTH CORPS.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN SEDGWICK
FIRST DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL H. G. WRIGHT
First Brigade.—Brigadier-General A. T. A. TORBERT
1st New Jersey, Lieut.-Colonel William Henry, Jr.
2d New Jersey, Colonel Samuel L. Buck
3d New Jersey, Colonel Henry W. Brown
15th New Jersey, Colonel William H. Penrose
Second Brigade.—Brigadier-General J. J. BARTLETT
5th Maine, Colonel Clark S. Edwards
121st New York, Colonel Emory Upton
95th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Edward Carroll
96th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel William H. Lossig
Third Brigade.—Brigadier-General D. A. RUSSELL
6th Maine, Colonel Hiram Burnham
49th Pennsylvania, Colonel William H. Irvin
119th Pennsylvania, Colonel P. C. Ellmaker
5th Wisconsin, Colonel Thomas S. Allen
SECOND DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL A. P. HOWE
Second Brigade.—Colonel L. A. GRANT
2d Vermont, Colonel J. H. Walbridge
3d Vermont, Colonel T. O. Seaver
4th Vermont, Colonel E. H. Stoughton
5th Vermont, Lieut.-Colonel John B. Lewis
6th Vermont, Lieut.-Colonel Elisha L. Barney
Third Brigade.—Brigadier-General T. A. NEILL
7th Maine, Lieut.-Colonel Seldon Conner
49th New York, Colonel D. D. Bidwell
77th New York, Colonel J. B. McKean
43d New York, Colonel B. F. Baker
61st Pennsylvania, Major Geo. W. Dawson
THIRD DIVISION
BRIGADIER-GENERAL FRANK WHEATON
First Brigade.—Brigadier-General ALEXANDER SHALER
65th New York, Colonel J. E. Hamblin
67th New York, Colonel Nelson Cross
122d New York, Lieut.-Colonel A. W. Dwight
23d Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John F. Glenn
82d Pennsylvania, Colonel Isaac Bassett
Second Brigade.—Colonel H. L. EUSTIS
7th Massachusetts, Lieut.-Colonel Franklin P. Harlow
10th Massachusetts, Lieut.-Colonel Jefford M. Decker
37th Massachusetts, Colonel Oliver Edwards
2d Rhode Island, Colonel Horatio Rogers
Third Brigade.—Colonel DAVID I. NEVIN
62d New York, Colonel D. L. Nevin, Lieut.-Colonel Theo. B.
Hamilton
102d Pennsylvania,* Colonel John W. Patterson
93d Pennsylvania, Colonel James W. McCarter
98th Pennsylvania, Major John B. Kohler
139th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel William H. Moody
[* Not engaged.]
Artillery Brigade.—Colonel C. H. TOMPKINS
Battery A, 1st Massachusetts, Captain W. H. McCartney
Battery D, 2d United States, Lieutenant E. B. Williston
Battery F, 5th United States, Lieutenant Leonard Martin
Battery G, 2d United States, Lieutenant John H. Butler
Battery C, 1st Rhode Island, Captain Richard Waterman
Battery G, 1st Rhode Island, Captain George W. Adams
1st New York, Captain Andrew Cowan
3d New York, Captain William A. Harn
Cavalry Detachment.—Captain WILLIAM L. CRAFT Commanding.
H, 1st Pennsylvania; L, 1st New Jersey.

ELEVENTH CORPS.
MAJOR-GENERAL OLIVER O. HOWARD PERMANENT COMMANDER.
MAJOR-GENERAL CARL SCHURZ, July 1st.
FIRST DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL FRANCIS C. BARLOW (wounded)
BRIGADIER-GENERAL ADELBERT AMES
First Brigade.—Colonel LEOPOLD VON GILSA
41st New York, Colonel L. Von Gilsa, Lieut.-Colonel D. Von
Einsiedel
54th New York, Colonel Eugene A. Kezley
68th New York, Colonel Gotthilf Bonray de Ivernois
153d Pennsylvania, Colonel Charles Glanz
Second Brigade.—Brigadier-General ADELBERT AMES, Colonel
ANDREW L. HARRIS
17th Connecticut, Lieut.-Colonel Douglass Fowler (killed),
Major A. G. Brady (wounded)
25th Ohio, Lieut.-Colonel Jeremiah Williams (captured),
Lieutenant William Maloney (wounded), Lieutenant Israel White
75th Ohio, Colonel Andrew L. Harris (wounded), Lieut.-Colonel
Ben Morgan (wounded), Major Charles W. Friend
107th Ohio, Captain John M. Lutz
SECOND DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL A. VON STEINWEHR
First Brigade.—Colonel CHARLES R. COSTER
27th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Lorenz Cantador
73d Pennsylvania, Captain Daniel F. Kelly
134th New York, Colonel Charles R. Coster, Lieut.-Colonel
Allan H. Jackson
154th New York, Colonel Patrick H. Jones
Second Brigade.—Colonel ORLANDO SMITH
33d Massachusetts, Lieut.-Colonel Adin B. Underwood
136th New York, Colonel James Wood, Jr.
55th Ohio, Colonel Charles B. Gambee
73d Ohio, Colonel Orlando Smith, Lieut.-Colonel Richard Long
THIRD DIVISION.
MAJOR-GENERAL CARL SCHURZ PERMANENT COMMANDER.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL ALEXANDER SCHIMMELPFENNIG Commanding on July
1st.
First Brigade.—Brigadier-General A. VON SCHIMMELPFENNIG
(captured); Colonel GEORGE VON ARNSBURG.
45th New York, Colonel G. Von Arnsburg, Lieut.-Colonel Adolpus
Dobke
157th New York, Colonel Philip F. Brown, Jr.
74th Pennsylvania, Colonel Adolph Von Hartung (wounded),
Lieut.-Colonel Von Mitzel (captured), Major Gustav Schleiter
61st Ohio, Colonel S. J. McGroarty
82d Illinois, Colonel J. Hecker
Second Brigade.—Colonel WALDIMIR KRYZANOWSKI
58th New York, Colonel W. Kryzanowski, Lieut.-Colonel August
Otto, Captain Emil Koenig, Lieut.-Colonel Frederick Gellman
119th New York, Colonel John T. Lockman, Lieut.-Colonel James
C. Rogers
75th Pennsylvania, Colonel Francis Mahler (wounded), Major
August Ledig
82d Ohio, Colonel James S. Robinson (wounded), Lieut.-Colonel
D. Thomson
26th Wisconsin, Colonel Wm. H. Jacobs
Artillery Brigade.—Major THOMAS W. OSBORN
Battery L, 1st New York, Captain Michael Wiedrick
Battery I, 1st Ohio, Captain Hubert Dilger
Battery K, 1st Ohio, Captain Lewis Heckman
Battery G, 4th United States, Lieutenant Bayard Wilkinson
(killed), Lieutenant E. A. Bancroft
13th New York, Lieutenant William Wheeler

TWELFTH CORPS.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS
FIRST DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL THOMAS H. RUGER
First Brigade.—Colonel ARCHIBALD L. McDOUGALL
5th Connecticut, Colonel Warren W. Packer
20th Connecticut, Lieut.-Colonel William B. Wooster
123d New York, Colonel A. L. McDougall, Lieut.-Colonel James
G. Rogers
145th New York, Colonel E. L. Price
46th Pennsylvania, Colonel James L. Selfridge
3d Maryland, Colonel J. M. Sudsburg
Second Brigade.*—Brigadier-General HENRY H. LOCKWOOD
150th New York, Colonel John H. Ketcham
1st Maryland (P. H. B.), Colonel William P. Maulsby
1st Maryland (E. S.), Colonel James Wallace
[* Unassigned during progress of battle; afterward attached to
First Division as Second Brigade.]
Third Brigade.—Colonel SILAS COLGROVE
2d Massachusetts, Colonel Charles R. Mudge (killed), Lieut.-
Colonel Charles F. Morse
107th New York, Colonel Miron M. Crane
13th New Jersey, Colonel Ezra A. Carman (wounded), Lieut.-
Colonel John R. Fesler
27th Indiana, Colonel Silas Colgrove, Lieut.-Colonel John R.
Fesler
3d Wisconsin, Lieut.-Colonel Martin Flood
SECOND DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN W. GEARY
First Brigade.—Colonel CHARLES CANDY
28th Pennsylvania, Captain John Flynn
147th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Arlo Pardee, Jr.
5th Ohio, Colonel John H. Patrick
7th Ohio, Colonel William R. Creighton
29th Ohio, Captain W. F. Stevens (wounded), Captain Ed. Hays
66th Ohio, Colonel C. Candy, Lieut.-Colonel Eugene Powell
Second Brigade.—(1) Colonel GEORGE A. COBHAM, JR.; (2)
Brigadier-General THOMAS L. KANE
29th Pennsylvania, Colonel William Rickards
100th Pennsylvania, Captain Fred. L. Gimber
111th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Thomas M. Walker, Lieut.-
Colonel Frank J. Osgood
Third Brigade.—Brigadier-General GEORGE S. GREENE
60th New York, Colonel Abel Godard
78th New York, Lieut.-Colonel Herbert Von Hammerstein
102d New York, Lieut.-Colonel James C. Lane (wounded)
137th New York, Colonel David Ireland
149th New York, Colonel Henry A. Barnum, Lieut.-Colonel Charles
B. Randall
Artillery Brigade.—Lieutenant EDWARD D. MUHLENBERG
Battery F, 4th United States, Lieutenant E. D. Muhlenberg,
Lieutenant S. T. Rugg
Battery K, 5th United States, Lieutenant D. H. Kinsie
Battery M, 1st New York, Lieutenant Charles E. Winegar
Knap's Pennsylvania Battery, Lieutenant Charles Atwell
Headquarter Guard.—Battalion 10th Maine.

CAVALRY CORPS.
MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED PLEASONTON
FIRST DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN BUFORD
First Brigade.—Colonel WILLIAM GAMBLE
8th New York, Colonel Benjamin F. Davis
8th Illinois, Colonel William Gamble, Lieut.-Colonel D. R.
Clendenin
two squadrons 12th Illinois, Colonel Amos Vos
three squadrons 3d Indiana, Colonel George H. Chapman
Second Brigade.—Colonel THOMAS C. DEVIN
6th New York, Colonel Thomas C. Devin, Lieut.-Colonel William
H. Crocker
9th New York, Colonel William Sackett
17th Pennsylvania, Colonel J. H. Kellogg
3d Virginia (detachment)
Reserve Brigade.—Brigadier-General WESLEY MERRITT
1st United States, Captain R. S. C. Lord
2d United States, Captain T. F. Rodenbough
5th United States, Captain J. W. Mason
6th United States, Major S. H. Starr (wounded), Captain G.
C. Cram
6th Pennsylvania, Major James H. Hazeltine
SECOND DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL D. McM. GREGG
(HEADQUARTERS GUARD—Company A, 1st Ohio.)
First Brigade.—Colonel J. B. McINTOSH
1st New Jersey, Major M. H. Beaumont
1st Pennsylvania, Colonel John P. Taylor
3d Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel Edward S. Jones
1st Maryland, Lieut.-Colonel James M. Deems
1st Massachusetts at Headquarters Sixth Corps.
Second Brigade.*—Colonel PENNOCK HUEY
2d New York, 4th New York, 8th Pennsylvania, 6th Ohio.
[* Not engaged.]
Third Brigade.—Colonel J. I. GREGG
1st Maine, Colonel Charles H. Smith
10th New York, Major W. A. Avery
4th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel W. E. Doster
16th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel John K. Robison
THIRD DIVISION.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JUDSON KILPATRICK
(HEADQUARTER GUARD—Company C, 1st Ohio.)
First Brigade.—(1) Brigadier-General E. J. FARNSWORTH; (2)
Colonel N. P. RICHMOND
5th New York, Major John Hammond
18th Pennsylvania, Lieut.-Colonel William P. Brinton
1st Vermont, Colonel Edward D. Sawyer
1st West Virginia, Colonel N. P. Richmond
Second Brigade.—Brigadier-General GEORGE A. CUSTER
1st Michigan, Colonel Charles H. Town
5th Michigan, Colonel Russell A. Alger
6th Michigan, Colonel George Gray
7th Michigan, Colonel Wm. D. Mann
HORSE ARTILLERY.*
[* A section of a battery attached to the Purnell Legion was with
Gregg on the 3d.]
First Brigade.—Captain JOHN M. ROBERTSON
Batteries B and L, 2d United States, Lieutenant Edw. Heaton
Battery M, 2d United States, Lieutenant A. C. M. Pennington
Battery E, 4th United States, Lieutenant S. S. Elder
6th New York, Lieutenant Jos. W. Martin
9th Michigan, Captain J. J. Daniels
Battery C, 3d United States, Lieutenant William D. Fuller
Second Brigade.—Captain JOHN C. TIDBALL
Batteries G and E, 1st United States, Captain A. M. Randol
Battery K, 1st United States, Captain Wm. M. Graham
Battery A, 2d United States, Lieutenant John H. Calef
Battery C, 3d United States

ARTILLERY RESERVE.
(1) BRIGADIER-GENERAL R. O. TYLER (disabled)
(2) CAPTAIN JOHN M. ROBERTSON
First Regular Brigade.—Captain D. R. RANSOM (wounded)
Battery H, 1st United States, Lieutenant C. P. Eakin
(wounded)
Batteries F and K, 3d United States, Lieutenant J. C.
Turnbull
Battery C, 4th United States, Lieutenant Evan Thomas
Battery C, 5th United States, Lieutenant G. V. Weir
First Volunteer Brigade.—Lieut.-Colonel F. McGILVERY
15th New York, Captain Patrick Hart
Independent Battery Pennsylvania, Captain R. B. Ricketts
5th Massachusetts, Captain C. A. Phillips
9th Massachusetts, Captain John Bigelow
Second Volunteer Brigade.—Captain E. D. TAFT
Battery B, 1st Connecticut;*
Battery M, 1st Connecticut;*
5th New York, Captain Elijah D. Taft
2d Connecticut, Lieutenant John W. Sterling
[* Not engaged.]
Third Volunteer Brigade.—Captain JAMES F. HUNTINGTON
Batteries F and G, 1st Pennsylvania, Captain R. B. Ricketts
Battery H, 1st Ohio, Captain Jas. F. Huntington
Battery A, 1st New Hampshire, Captain F. M. Edgell
Battery C, 1st West Virginia, Captain Wallace Hill
Fourth Volunteer Brigade.—Captain R. H. FITZHUGH
Battery B, 1st New York, Captain Jas. McRorty (killed)
Battery G, 1st New York, Captain Albert N. Ames
Battery K, 1st New York (11th Battery attached), Captain
Robt. H. Fitzhugh
Battery A, 1st Maryland, Captain Jas. H. Rigby
Battery A, 1st New Jersey, Lieutenant Augustin N. Parsons
6th Maine, Lieutenant Edwin B. Dow
Train Guard.—Major CHARLES EWING Commanding. 4th New Jersey
Infantry.
Headquarter Guard.—Captain J. C. FULLER Commanding. Battery
C, 32d Massachusetts.

DETACHMENTS AT HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.
Command of the Provost-Marshal-General.—Brigadier-General
M. B. PATRICK
93d New York*
8th United States*
1st Massachusetts Cavalry
2d Pennsylvania Cavalry
Batteries E and I, 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry
Detachment Regular Cavalry
United States Engineer Battalion,* Captain Geo. H. Mendel,
United States Engineers
[* Not engaged.]
Guards and Orderlies.—Captain D. P. MANN
Independent Company Oneida Cavalry.

APPENDIX B. Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia, June 1, 1863.

GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE
STAFF.
COLONEL W. H. TAYLOR, Adjutant-General.
" C. S. VENABLE, A.D.C.
" CHARLES MARSHALL, A.D.C.
" JAMES L. CORLEY, Chief Quartermaster.
" R. G. COLE, Chief Commissary.
" B. G. BALDWIN, Chief of Ordnance.
" H. L. PEYTON, Assistant Inspector-General.
GENERAL W. N. PENDLETON, Chief of Artillery.
DOCTOR L. GUILD, Medical Director.
COLONEL W. PROCTOR SMITH, Chief Engineer.
MAJOR H. E. YOUNG, Assistant Adjutant-General.
" G. B. COOK, Assistant Inspector-General.

FIRST CORPS. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET McLAWS' DIVISION. MAJOR-GENERAL L. McLAWS Kershaw's Brigade.—Brigadier-General J. B. KERSHAW 15th South Carolina, Colonel W. D. De Sausssure 8th South Carolina, Colonel J. W. Mamminger 2d South Carolina, Colonel John D. Kennedy 3d South Carolina, Colonel James D. Nance 7th South Carolina, Colonel D. Wyatt Aiken 3d (James') Battalion South Carolina Infantry, Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Rice. Benning's Brigade.—Brigadier-General H. L. BENNING 50th Georgia, Colonel W. R. Manning 51st Georgia, Colonel W. M. Slaughter 53d Georgia, Colonel James P. Somms 10th Georgia, Lieut.-Colonel John B. Weems Barksdale's Brigade.—Brigadier-General WM. BARKSDALE 13th Mississippi, Colonel J. W. Carter 17th Mississippi, Colonel W. D. Holder 18th Mississippi, Colonel Thomas M. Griffin 21st Mississippi, Colonel B. G. Humphreys Wofford's Brigade.—Brigadier-General W. T. WOFFORD 18th Georgia, Major E. Griffs Phillips' Georgia Legion, Colonel W. M. Phillips 24th Georgia, Colonel Robert McMillan 16th Georgia, Colonel Goode Bryan Cobb's Georgia Legion, Lieut.-Colonel L. D. Glewn PICKETT'S DIVISION MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE E. PICKETT COMMANDING. Garnett's Brigade.—Brigadier-General R. B. GARNETT 8th Virginia, Colonel Eppa Hunton 18th Virginia, Colonel R. E. Withers 19th Virginia, Colonel Henry Gantt 28th Virginia, Colonel R. C. Allen 56th Virginia, Colonel W. D. Stuart Armistead's Brigade.—Brigadier-General L. A. ARMISTEAD 9th Virginia, Lieut.-Colonel J. S. Gilliam 14th Virginia, Colonel J. G. Hodges 38th Virginia, Colonel E. C. Edmonds 53d Virginia, Colonel John Grammer 57th Virginia, Colonel J. B. Magruder Kemper's Brigade.—Brigadier-General J. L. KEMPER 1st Virginia, Colonel Lewis B. Williams, Jr. 3d Virginia, Colonel Jospeh Mayo, Jr. 7th Virginia, Colonel W. T. Patton 11th Virginia, Colonel David Funston 24th Virginia, Colonel W. R. Terry Toombs' Brigade.—Brigadier-General R. TOOMBS 2d Georgia, Colonel E. M. Butt 15th Georgia, Colonel E. M. DuBose 17th Georgia, Colonel W. C. Hodges 20th Georgia, Colonel J. B. Cummings Corse's Brigade.—Brigadier-General M. D. CORSE 15th Virginia, Colonel T. P. August 17th Virginia, Colonel Morton Marye 30th Virginia, Colonel A. T. Harrison 32d Virginia, Colonel E. B. Montague HOOD'S DIVISION MAJOR-GENERAL J. B. HOOD. Robertson's Brigade.—Brigadier-General J. B. ROBERTSON 1st Texas, Colonel A. T. Rainey 4th Texas, Colonel J. C. G. Key 5th Texas, Colonel R. M. Powell 3d Arkansas, Colonel Van H. Manning Law's Brigade.—Brigadier-General E. M. LAW 4th Alabama, Colonel P. A. Bowls 44th Alabama, Colonel W. H. Perry 15th Alabama, Colonel James Canty 47th Alabama, Colonel J. W. Jackson 48th Alabama, Colonel J. F. Shepherd Anderson's Brigade.—Brigadier-General G. T. ANDERSON 10th Georgia Battalion, Major J. E. Rylander 7th Georgia, Colonel W. M. White 8th Georgia, Lieut.-Colonel J. R. Towers 9th Georgia, Colonel B. F. Beck 11th Georgia, Colonel F. H. Little Jenkins' Brigade.—Brigadier-General M. JENKINS 2d South Carolina Rifles, Colonel Thomas Thompson 1st South Carolina, Lieut.-Colonel David Livingstone 5th South Carolina, Colonel A. Coward 6th South Carolina, Colonel John Bratton Hampton's Legion, Colonel M. W. Gary ARTILLERY OF THE FIRST CORPS. COLONEL J. B. WALTON COMMANDING. Battalion.—Colonel H. C. CABELL, Major HAMILTON Batteries: McCarty's, Manly's, Carlton's, Fraser's. Battalion.—Major DEARING Batteries: Macon's, Blount's, Stribling's, Caskie's. Battalion.—Major HENRY Batteries: Bachman's, Rielly's, Latham's, Gordon's. Battalion.—Colonel E. P. ALEXANDER, Major HUGER Batteries: Jordan's, Rhett's, Moody's, Parker's, Taylor's. Battalion.—Major ESHLEMAN Batteries: Squires', Miller's, Richardson's, Norcom's. Total number of guns, Artillery of the First Corps, 83.

SECOND CORPS. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL R. S. EWELL. EARLY'S DIVISION. MAJOR-GENERAL J. A. EARLY Hays' Brigade.—Brigadier-General H. S. HAYS 5th Louisiana, Colonel Henry Forno 6th Louisiana, Colonel William Monaghan 7th Louisiana, Colonel D. B. Penn 8th Louisiana, Colonel Henry B. Kelley 9th Louisiana, Colonel A. L. Stafford Gordon's Brigade.—Brigadier-General J. B. GORDON 13th Georgia, Colonel J. M. Smith 26th Georgia, Colonel E. N. Atkinson 31st Georgia, Colonel C. A. Evans 38th Georgia, Colonel W. H. Stiles 61st Georgia, Colonel J. H. Lamar Smith's Brigade.—Brigadier-General WILLIAM SMITH 13th Virginia, Colonel J. E. B. Terrill 31st Virginia, Colonel John S. Hoffman 49th Virginia, Colonel Gibson 52d Virginia, Colonel Skinner 58th Virginia, Colonel F. H. Board Hoke's Brigade.—Colonel J. E. AVERY Commanding (General R. F. HOKE being absent, wounded) 5th North Carolina, Colonel J. E. Avery 21st North Carolina, Colonel W. W. Kirkland 54th North Carolina, Colonel J. C. T. McDowell 57th North Carolina, Colonel A. C. Godwin 1st North Carolina Battalion, Major R. H. Wharton RODES' DIVISION. MAJOR-GENERAL R. E. RODES Daniel's Brigade.—Brigadier-General JUNIUS DANIEL 32d North Carolina, Colonel E. C. Brabble 43d North Carolina, Colonel Thomas S. Keenan 45th North Carolina, Lieut.-Colonel Saml. H. Boyd 53d North Carolina, Colonel W. A. Owens 2d North Carolina Battalion, Lieut.-Colonel H. S. Andrew Doles' Brigade.—Brigadier-General GEORGE DOLES 4th Georgia, Lieut.-Colonel D. R. E. Winn 12th Georgia, Colonel Edward Willis 21st Georgia, Colonel John T. Mercer 44th Georgia, Colonel S. P. Lumpkin Iverson's Brigade.—Brigadier-General ALFRED IVERSON 5th North Carolina, Captain S. B. West 12th North Carolina, Lieut.-Colonel W. S. Davis 20th North Carolina, Lieut.-Colonel N. Slough 23d North Carolina, Colonel D. H. Christie Ramseur's Brigade.—Brigadier-General S. D. RAMSEUR 2d North Carolina, Major E. W. Hurt 4th North Carolina, Colonel Bryan Grimes 14th North Carolina, Colonel R. T. Bennett 30th North Carolina, Colonel F. M. Parker Rodes' Brigade.—Colonel E. A. O'NEILL 3d Alabama, Colonel C. A. Battle 5th Alabama, Colonel J. M. Hall 6th Alabama, Colonel J. N. Lightfoot 12th Alabama, Colonel S. B. Pickens 26th Alabama, Lieut.-Colonel J. C. Goodgame JOHNSON'S DIVISION. MAJOR-GENERAL ED. JOHNSON Steuart's Brigade.—Brigadier-General GEO. H. STEUART 10th Virginia, Colonel E. T. H. Warren 23d Virginia, Colonel A. G. Taliaferro 27th Virginia, Colonel T. V. Williams 1st North Carolina, Colonel J. A. McDowell 3d North Carolina, Lieut.-Colonel Thurston "Stonewall" Brigade.—Brigadier-General JAMES A. WALKER 2d Virginia, Colonel J. Q. A. Nadenbousch 4th Virginia, Colonel Charles A. Ronald 5th Virginia, Colonel J. H. S. Funk 27th Virginia, Colonel J. K. Edmondson 33d Virginia, Colonel F. M. Holladay Jones' Brigade.—Brigadier-General JOHN M. JONES 21st Virginia, Captain Moseley 43d Virginia, Lieut.-Colonel Withers 44th Virginia, Captain Buckner 48th Virginia, Colonel T. S. Garnett 50th Virginia, Colonel Vanderventer Nicholls' Brigade.—Colonel J. M. WILLIAMS Commanding (General F. T. NICHOLLS being absent, wounded) 1st Louisiana, Colonel William R. Shirers 2d Louisiana, Colonel J. M. Williams 10th Louisiana, Colonel E. Waggaman 14th Louisiana, Colonel Z. York 15th Louisiana, Colonel Edward Pendleton ARTILLERY OF THE SECOND CORPS. COLONEL S. CRUTCHFIELD Battalion.—Lieut.-Colonel THOMAS H. CARTER, Major CARTER M. BRAXTON Batteries: Page's, Fry's, Carter's, Reese's. Battalion.—Lieut.-Colonel H. P. JONES, Major BROCKENBOROUGH Batteries: Carrington's, Garber's, Thompson's, Tanner's. Battalion.—Lieut.-Colonel S. ANDREWS, Major LATIMER Batteries: Brown's, Dermot's, Carpenter's, Raine's. Battalion.—Lieut.-Colonel NELSON, Major PAGE Batteries: Kirkpatrick's, Massie's, Millege's. Battalion.—Colonel J. T. BROWN, Major HARDAWAY Batteries: Dance's, Watson's, Smith's, Huff's, Graham's. Total number of guns, Artillery of the Second Corps, 82.

THIRD CORPS.
LIEUT.-GENERAL A. P. HILL
R. H. ANDERSON'S DIVISION.
Wilcox's Brigade.—Brigadier-General C. M. WILCOX
8th Alabama, Colonel T. L. Royster
9th Alabama, Colonel S. Henry
10th Alabama, Colonel W. H. Forney
11th Alabama, Colonel J. C. C. Saunders
14th Alabama, Colonel L. F. Pinkhard
Mahone's Brigade.—Brigadier-General WILLIAM MAHONE
6th Virginia, Colonel G. T. Rogers
12th Virginia, Colonel D. A. Weisiger
16th Virginia, Lieut.-Colonel Joseph H. Ham
41st Virginia, Colonel W. A. Parham
61st Virginia, Colonel V. D. Groner
Posey's Brigade.—Brigadier-General CARNOT POSEY
46th Mississippi, Colonel Jos. Jayne
16th Mississippi, Colonel Saml. E. Baker
19th Mississippi, Colonel John Mullins
12th Mississippi, Colonel W. H. Taylor
Wright's Brigade.—Brigadier-General A. R. WRIGHT
2d Georgia Battalion, Major G. W. Ross
3d Georgia, Colonel E. J. Walker
22d Georgia, Colonel R. H. Jones
48th Georgia, Colonel William Gibson
Perry's Brigade.—Brigadier-General E. A. PERRY
2d Florida, Lieut.-Colonel S. G. Pyles
5th Florida, Colonel J. C. Hately
8th Florida, Colonel David Long
HETH'S DIVISION
First, Pettigrew's Brigade.—42d, 11th, 26th, 44th, 47th,
53d, and 17th North Carolina.
Second, Field's Brigade.—40th, 55th, and 47th Virginia.
Third, Archer's Brigade.—1st, 7th, and 14th Tennessee, and
13th Alabama.
Fourth, Cook's Brigade.—15th, 27th, 46th, and 48th North
Carolina.
Fifth, Davis' Brigade.—2d, 11th, 42d Mississippi, and 55th
N. Carolina.
PENDER'S DIVISION
First, McGowan's Brigade.—1st, 12th, 13th, and 14th North
Carolina.
Second, Lane's Brigade.—7th, 18th, 28th, 33d, and 37th
Georgia.
Third, Thomas' Brigade.—14th, 35th, 45th, and 49th Georgia.
Fourth, Pender's Old Brigade.—13th, 16th, 22d, 34th, and
38th North Carolina.
ARTILLERY OF THE THIRD CORPS.
Colonel R. LINDSEY WALKER
Battalion.—Major D. G. McINTOSH, Major W. F. POAGUE
Batteries: Hurt's, Rice's, Luck's, Johnson's.
Battalion.—Lieut.-Colonel GARNETT, Major RICHARDSON
Batteries: Lewis', Maurin's, Moore's, Grandy's.
Battalion.—Major CUTSHAW
Batteries: Wyatt's, Woolfolk's, Brooke's.
Battalion.—Major WILLIE P. PEGRAM
Batteries: Brunson's, Davidson's, Crenshaw's, McGraw's,
Marye's.
Battalion.—Lieut.-Colonel CUTTS, Major LANE
Batteries: Wingfield's, Ross', Patterson's.
Total number of guns, Artillery of the Third Corps, 83.
Total number of guns, Army of Northern Virginia, 248.

LIEUT.-GENERAL J. E. B. STUART'S CAVALRY CORPS.
Brigadier-General Wade Hampton's Brigade.
Brigadier-General Fitz Hugh Lee's Brigade.
Brigadier-General W. H. F. Lee's Brigade, under Colonel Chambliss.
Brigadier-General B. H. Robertson's Brigade.
Brigadier-General William E. Jones' Brigade.
Brigadier-General J. D. Imboden's Brigade.
Brigadier-General A. G. Jenkins' Brigade.
Colonel White's Battalion.
Baker's Brigade.
[NOTE.—The regimental roster of this Cavalry Corps is unfortunately
unobtainable.]

INDEX. [omitted]

MESSRS. CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS are publishing, under the general title of THE CAMPAIGNS OF THE CIVIL WAR a series of volumes, contributed at their solicitation by a number of leading actors in and students of the great conflict of 1861- '65, with a view to bringing together, for the first time, a full and authoritative military history of the suppression of the Rebellion.

The final and exhaustive form of this great narrative, in which every doubt shall be settled and every detail covered, may be a possibility only of the future. But it is a matter for surprise that twenty years after the beginning of the Rebellion, and when a whole generation has grown up needing such knowledge, there is no authority which is at the same time of the highest rank, intelligible and trustworthy, and to which a reader can turn for any general view of the field—for a strong, vivid, concise by truly proportioned story of the great salient events.

The many reports, regimental histories, memoirs, and other materials of value for special passages, require, for their intelligent reading, an ability to combine and proportion them which the ordinary reader does not possess. There have been no attempts at general histories which have supplied this satisfactorily to any large part of the public. Undoubtedly there has been no such narrative as would be especially welcome to men of the new generation, and would be valued by a very great class of readers;—and there has seemed to be great danger that the time would be allowed to pass when it would be possible to give to such a work the vividness and accuracy that come from personal recollection. These facts led to the conception of the present work.

From every department of the Government, from the officers of the army, and from a great number of custodians of records and special information everywhere, both authors and publishers have received every aid that could be asked in this undertaking; and in announcing the issue of the work the publishers take this occasion to convey the thanks which the authors have had individual opportunities to express elsewhere.

The volumes of the series will be duodecimos of about 250 pages each, illustrated by maps and plans prepared under the direction of the authors. They will appear, as far as possible, in the chronological order of the Campaigns of which they treat; and by their preliminary and concluding chapters will be so far connected that the completed work will practically cover the entire field of the war.

The price of each volume will be $1.00.

The following volumes are now ready:

I.—THE OUTBREAK OF THE REBELLION. By JOHN G. NICOLAY, Esq.,
Private Secretary to President Lincoln; late Consul-General to
France, etc.

A preliminary volume, describing the opening of the war, and covering the period from the election of Lincoln to the end of the first battle of Bull Run.

II.—FROM FORT HENRY TO CORINTH. By the Hon. M. F. FORCE, Justice of the Superior Court, Cincinnati; late Brigadier-General and Bvt. Maj. Gen'l, U.S.V., commanding First Division, 17th Corps: In 1862, Lieut. Colonel of the 20th Ohio, commanding the regiment at Shiloh; Treasurer of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee.

The narrative of events in the West from the Summer of 1861 to May, 1862; covering the capture of Fts. Henry and Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, etc., etc.

III.—THE PENINSULA. By ALEXANDER S. WEBB., LL.D., President of
the College of the City of New York; Assistant Chief of Artillery,
Army of the Potomac, 1861-'62; Inspector General Fifth Army Corps;
General commanding 2d Div., 2d Corps; Major General Assigned, and
Chief of Staff, Army of the Potomac.

The history of McClellan's Peninsula Campaign, from his appointment to the end of the Seven Days' Fight.

IV.—THE ARMY UNDER POPE. By JOHN C. ROPES, Esq., of the Military
Historical Society of Massachusetts, the Massachusetts Historical
Society, etc.

From the appointment of Pope to command the Army of Virginia, to the appointment of McClellan to the general command in September, 1862.

V.—THE ANTIETAM AND FREDERICKSBURG. By FRANCIS WINTHROP PALFREY, Bvt. Brigadier Gen'l, U.S.V., and formerly Colonel 20th Mass. Infantry; Lieut. Col. of the 20th Massachusetts at the battle of the Antietam; Member of Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, of the Massachusetts Historical Society, etc.

From the appointment of McClellan to the general command, Sept. 1862, to the end of the battle of Fredericksburg.

VI.—CHANCELLORSVILLE AND GETTYSBURG. By ABNER DOUBLEDAY, Bvt.
Maj. Gen'l, U.S.A., and Maj. Gen'l, U.S.V.; commanding the First
Corps at Gettysburg, etc.

From the appointment of Hooker, through the campaigns of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, to the retreat of Lee after the latter battle.

VII.—THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. By HENRY M. CIST, Brevet Brig. Gen'l U.S.V.; A.A.G. on the staff of Major Gen'l Rosecrans, and afterwards on that of Major Gen'l Thomas; Corresponding Secretary of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland.

From the formation of the Army of the Cumberland to the end of the battles at Chattanooga, November, 1863.

IX.—THE CAMPAIGN OF ATLANTA. By the Hon. JACOB D. COX, Ex-Governor of Ohio; late Secretary of the Interior of the United States; Major General U.S.V., commanding Twenty-third Corps during the campaigns of Atlanta and the Carolinas, etc., etc.

From Sherman's first advance into Georgia in May, 1864, to the beginning of the March to the Sea.

X.—THE MARCH TO THE SEA.—FRANKLIN AND NASHVILLE. By the Hon.
JACOB D. COX.

From the beginning of the March to the Sea to the Surrender of
Johnston—including also the operations of Thomas in Tennessee.

The following volumes, now preparing for early publication, will complete the series:

VIII.—THE MISSISSIPPI. By FRANCIS VINTON GREENE, Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army; late Military Attaché to the U. S. Legation in St. Petersburg; Author of "The Russian Army and its Campaigns in Turkey in 1877-78," and of "Army Life in Russia."

An account of the operations—especially at Vicksburg and Port Hudson—by which the Mississippi River and its shores were restored to the control of the Union.

XI.—THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY in 1864. The Campaign of Sheridan. By
GEORGE E. POND, Esq., Associate Editor of the Army and Navy
Journal.

XII.—THE CAMPAIGNS OF GRANT IN VIRGINIA. By ANDREW A. HUMPHREYS,
Brigadier General and Bvt. Major General, U.S.A.; late Chief of
Engineers; Chief of Staff, Army of the Potomac, 1863-'64; commanding
Second Corps, 1864-'65, etc., etc.

Covering the Virginia Campaigns of 1864 and '65, to Lee's surrender.

[Asterism] The above books for sale by all booksellers, or will be sent, post-paid, upon receipt of price by

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 743 AND 745 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

Transcriber's note:

Footnotes follow the paragraph in which they are referenced.

Small caps have been set as caps.

Regimental numbers, which were all spelled out in the text (but not the Appendixes), have been converted to numerals.

Personal names have been corrected, place names have not when they could be a contemporary variant. The possessives ending in "s's" or "s'" have been made uniformly the latter.

The Appendixes have been rearranged from paragraph to tabular style; the words "Commanding" and "Regiment" have been deleted when possible. It seems that the end of Appendix B was originally shortened to fit the signature.

LoC call number: E468.C2 v.6

End of Project Gutenberg's Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, by Abner Doubleday