NOTES
L. Guilding, "Mollusca caribbaeana: an Account of a New Genus of Mollusca," Zool. Journ. vol. ii. 1826, p. 443, pl. 14; reprinted in Isis, vol. xxi. 1828, p. 158, pl. ii.
H. N. Moseley, "On the Structure and Development of Peripatus capensis," Phil. Trans. clxiv. pls. lxxii.-lxxv. pp. 757-782; and Proc. R. S. xxii. pp. 344-350, 1874.
A. Sedgwick, "A Monograph of the Genus Peripatus," Quart. Journ. of Mic. Science, vol. xxviii., and in Studies from the Morphological Laboratory of the University of Cambridge, vol. iv.
A. Sedgwick, "A Monograph of the Development of Peripatus capensis," Studies from the Morphological Laboratory of the University of Cambridge, vol. iv.
F. M. Balfour, "The Anatomy and Development of Peripatus capensis," edited by Professor H. N. Moseley and A. Sedgwick, Quart. Journ. Mic. Sci. xxiii. pp. 213-259, pls. xiii.-xx. 1883.
See Whitman, Journal of Morphology, vol. i.
There are now, I am told by Professor Jeffrey Bell, specimens from Natal (I believe undescribed) at the British Museum with twenty-three and twenty-four pairs of legs.
This name was first applied by Blanchard to a species from Cayenne. The description, however, is very imperfect, and it is by no means clear that the Cayenne species is identical with the species here named Edwardsii.
The existence of this species is very doubtful. The description of it was taken from a single specimen. The evidence that this specimen was actually found in Sumatra is not conclusive.
Not to be confused with the larva of Elater lineatus, also known as "wire-worm."
See L. Jenyns' Observations in Nat. Hist. London, 1846, p. 296.
"A Revision of the Lysiopetalidae, a family of the Chilognath Myriapoda, with a notice of the genus Cambala," by A. S. Packard, junior, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xxi. 1884, p. 187.
C. L. Koch, System der Myriapoden. Regensburg, 1847.
C. L. Koch, Die Myriapoden. Halle, 1863.
Latzel, Die Myriapoden der Œsterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie. Wien, 1880.
Tres muscae consumunt cadaver equi, aeque cito ac leo. Syst. Nat., ed. xii. ref. I. pt. 2, p. 990.
Ann. Sci. Nat. (7) iv. 1887, p. 111.
Stettin. Ent. Zeit. l. 1889, p. 165.
The wings, by many morphologists, are not included in the category of "appendages"; they apparently, however, differ but little in their nature from legs, both being outgrowths of the integument; the wings are, however, always post-embryonic in actual appearance, even when their rudiments can be detected in the larva. No insect is hatched from the egg in the wing-bearing form.
See on this subject, p. [217].
Ann. Sci. Nat. I. 1824, p. 97, etc.
See also Fig. 47 (p. 88).
In entomological language the piece between each two joints of an appendage is itself called a joint, though segment is doubtless a better term.
Arch. f. Naturgeschichte, lvi. 1890, p. 221.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. liv. 1892, p. 579.
Mem. Acc. Lincei Rom. (4) iv. 1888, p. 554.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xvii. 1867, p. 187.
Zool. Anz. iii. 1880, p. 584.
The Cockroach, 1886, p. 151.
Anatomy of the Blowfly, 1893, p. 362.
Lyonnet, Traité anatomique de la Chenille qui ronge le bois de Saule. La Haye, 1762. On p. 188 he says that he found 1647 muscles, without counting those of the head and internal organs of the body. He puts the number found in the human body at 529.
SB. Ak. Wien, Abth. 1, lxxxiii. 1881, pp. 289-376.
Mem. Acc. Torino (2), xliii. 1893, p. 229.
Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), xi. 1887, p. 119, etc., and C. R. civ. 1887, p. 444.
Zool. Jahrbuch. Anat. iii. 1888, p. 276.
Kolbe, Einführung, 1893, p. 411.
Arch. de Biol. i. 1880, p. 381.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (7) ii. 1887, and iv. 1887.
Zool. Anz. iv. 1881, p. 452.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xlvi. 1888, pl. xxxi.
On the Senses, Instincts, and Intelligence of Animals, with special reference to Insects. Vol. LXV. International Scientific Series, 1888.
Bijd. Dierkunde, 16, 1888, p. 192.
For a review of their number see Wheeler, Psyche, vi. 1893, pp. 457, etc.
Ann. Soc. Ent. France, lxi. 1892, Bull. p. cclvi.
Mem. Ac. Belgique (2), xli. 1875, and Bull. Ac. Belgique (2), xliv. 1877, p. 710.
American Naturalist, xx. 1886, pp. 438 and 558.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., xlix. 1890, p. 565.
See Miall and Denny, Cockroach, p. 158.
Eisig, Mon. Capitelliden, 1887, p. 781.
Tr. Linn. Soc. London Zool. xxiii. 1860, p. 29.
Blowfly, etc. p. 376.
C. R. Ac. Sci., cxv. 1892, p. 61, and Bull. Sci. France Belgique, xxv. 1893, p. 18.
Compt. rend. Ac. Paris, cii. 1886, p. 1339.
See Newport, Phil. Trans. 1837, and Lubbock Linn. Trans. xxiii. 1860, p. 29, etc.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxvi. 1876, p. 137.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xliii. 1886, p. 512.
Zool. Anz. ix. 1886, p. 13.
Cockroach, p. 140.
Bull. Sci. France Belgique, xxv. 1893, p. 22.
Biol. Centralbl. xi. 1891, p. 212.
Acta. Ac. German. xxxiii. 1867, No. 2.
Linnaea entomologica, xii. 1858, p. 313.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. 1886, xliii. p. 539.
Tr. Linn. Soc. London, 2nd ser.; Zool. v. 1890, p. 173.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. l. 1890, p. 317.
Abh. Ges. Halle, xvii. 1892, p. 365.
Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1893, p. 241.
Arch. Anat. Phys. 1855 and 1859.
Acta. Ac. German. xxxiii. 1867, No. 2, p. 81.
Müller's Arch. Anat. Phys. 1855, p. 90.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxvi. 1876, p. 115.
Scudder, Butterflies of New England, i. 1889, p. 99.
J. Morphol. viii. 1893, p. 81; see also Graber's table on p. 149.
Denk. Ak. Wien, lv. 1888, p. 109, etc.
Morph. Jahrb. xiv. 1888, p. 347.
In Miall and Denny, Cockroach, p. 188.
Morph. Jahrb. xiv. 1888, p. 345.
J. Morphol. viii. 1893, p. 1.
J. Morphol. viii. 1893, pp. 64, 65, and 81.
Trans. Linn. Soc., 2nd Series, "Zool." 1888, iii. p. 12.
Orthoptera europaea, 1853, p. 37.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Ser. iv. vol. vii. 1857, pl. 17.
Nature Series, 1874.
See Proctotrupidae subsequently.
Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xix. 1869, p. 839.
"Syst. Zool. Stud." SB. Ak. Wien, Abth. 1, xci. 1885, p. 291.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xiv. 1864, p. 187.
Viallanes, Ann. Sci. Nat., Series 6, "Zool." xiv. 1882.
Unfortunately in the Russian language.
Zool. Jahrb. Abth. Anat. iii. 1888, p. 1.
Zeitschr. Biol., xxix. 1892, p. 177.
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, "Zoology," 2nd series, v. 1890, p. 174.
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 1866, p. 491.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xli. 1885, p. 712.
"Fauna und Flora d. Golfes von Neapel," Die Capitelliden, 1887, p. 781.
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 1863, p. 65.
Trans. Linn. Soc. "Zool." v. 1892, p. 267.
Ann. Sci. Nat., Series 6, "Zool." xiv. 1882, p. 150.
Zool. Anz. viii. 1885, p. 125.
Mitt. Schweiz. ent. Ges. viii. 1893, p. 403.
Recherches Org. des Volucelles, 1875, p. 143.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xlv. 1887, p. 587.
Lehrbuch Entwicklungsgeschichte, Spec. Theil. 1890, p. 875.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xiv. 1864, p. 187.
Arch. f. Naturges. lix. 1893, 1, p. 168.
Wheeler, in J. Morphol. viii. 1893, p. 81.
Syst. Nat. Ed. 12, ref. i. pars ii. p. 536 (by error, 356).
It must not be supposed that all wingless Insects fall within the limits of this Order.
American Naturalist, xx. 1886, p. 808.
"Syst. Zool. Studien." S.B. Ak. Wien, xci. 1885, Abth. I. p. 374.
The term natural is here employed in the empirical sense described by Brunner von Wattenwyl, Nouv. Syst. Blattaires, 1865, p. vii.
Lord Walsingham, Proc. Ent. Soc. London, 1889, p. lxxx.
We may mention that fossil Insects are chiefly determined from their wing-remains, which are often surprisingly perfect. This is one of the reasons that have induced us to prefer a classification of Insects in which the nature of the wings is considered of great value. It would be impossible to refer fossil Insects to groups that are established on account of the metamorphosis or of the internal structure of their components, for there is not yet any evidence on either of these points in the fossil remains preserved for us by the rocks.
Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, No. 31, 1886, p. 109.
Mem. Acc. Lincei Roma (4), iv. 1888, p. 543, etc., and other preceding memoirs mentioned therein.
Bijdr. Dierkunde, xvi. 1888, pp. 147-227.
Natural. Sicil., ix. 1889, pp. 25, etc.
Ann. Soc. ent. France, 1892, p. 34.
Morph. Jahrb. xv. 1889, p. 363.
SB. Ak. Wien, c. 1891, Abth. I. p. 216.
Ent. Tidskr. i. 1880, p. 159.
Morphol. Jahrb. xv. 1888, p. 361.
Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, viii. 1858, p. 564.
Ann. Soc. ent. France, 4th ser. iv. 1864, p. 705.
Rev. biol. Nord France, ii. 1890, p. 347.
J. Morphol. viii. 1893, p. 64.
Ent. Mo. Mag. xxv. 1889, and xxvi. 1890.
Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii. (1892).
Orthoptera Europaea, 1853, pl. vi. f. 4, p. 434.
Morph. Bedeut. Seg. Orthopt. 1876, p. 14; and Prod. Orthopt. Europ. 1882, p. 3.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 586.
Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 3rd ser. ii. 1863, p. 475.
Arch. mikr. Anat. xxxvi. 1890, p. 565.
Ann. Sci. Nat. xiii. 1828, p. 337.
Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 3rd ser. ii. 1863, p. 475.
Some writers are of opinion that there are only two thoracic spiracles in Insects, considering the third as belonging really to the abdomen. Looking on the point as at present chiefly one of nomenclature, we make use of the more usual mode of expression.
As on last page, and also op. cit. v. 1868, p. 278.
Bull. Ent. Ital. xii. 1880, p. 46.
It may be worth while to repeat that "joint" means a piece, and is the equivalent of "link" in a chain.
Materials for the Study of Variation, 1894, p. 413.
Naturhist. Tidsskrift, 3rd ser. ii. 1863, p. 474.
Mt. Schweiz. ent. Ges. vii. 1887, p. 310.
Mem. hist. Insectes, iii. 1773, p. 548.
SB. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1893, p. 127.
Ent. Tidskr. 1894, p. 65.
This enigmatic structure is similar in position to the aural orifice of Locustidae (see Fig. 101); but it is closed by a transparent membrane, whereas the ear orifice of Locustidae is, as we shall subsequently see, quite open.
Rev. biol. Nord France, vii. 1894, p. 111.
Ann. Nat. Hist. Decr. 6th, ser. x. 1892, p. 433.
Prod. Orth. europ. 1882, p. 27, and Rev. Syst. Orthopt. 1892, p. 15. Unfortunately de Saussure adopts a different nomenclature; we have preferred Brunner's as being more simple.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. ser. 5, x. 1868, p. 161.
Nouv. Syst. Blattaires, 1865, p. 265.
The Cockroach, p. 170.
Cf. Duchamp, Rev. Sci. Nat. Montpellier, vii. [?1879], p. 423.
Huxley, Manual Anat. Invert. Animals, 1877, p. 416.
Riley, Insect Life, iii. 1891, p. 443, and iv. 1891, p. 119.
Essais entomologiques, St. Petersburg, 1821.
Beiträge zur näheren Kenntniss von Periplaneta orientalis, Elberfeld, 1853.
Nouv. Syst. Blattares, 1865, p. 16, etc.
Naturalist in Nicaragua, 1874, p. 110.
See Bolivar, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 1892, p. 29.
P. ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 1.
Biol. Centr. Amer. Orthopt. 1893, p. 57.
Schäff, Zool. Anz. xvi. 1893, p. 17.
Westwood, Modern Class. Insects, i. 1839, p. 418.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xlviii. 1889, p. 89; and Mem. Ac. St. Petersb. xxxviii. No. 5, 1891.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien., i. 1886, p. 104.
Zittel, Handb. Palaeont. I Abth. ii. 1885, p. 753.
Biol. Centr.-Amer. Orthoptera, 1893.
Although the genus Chorisoneura has unarmed femora, it must be placed in this division.
The "black beetle," Stilopyga orientalis, belongs to this tribe, as does also Periplaneta americana.
Tr. R. Soc. S. Austral. xvii. 1893, p. 68.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxx. 1878, p. 609, pl. xxxviii. fig. 7.
Arch. f. Naturgesch. xxx. Band 1, 1864, p. 7.
Biol. Centr. Amer. Orthopt. 1894, p. 160.
Our figures do not exhibit this attitude; if portrayed in their natural position in a drawing the front legs would be to a large extent obscured.
The name of the species is not given (Tr. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 1883, p. 114), but it is probably Orthodera ministralis Fab., an Australian Insect perhaps taken to New Zealand by miners. Cf. Wood-Mason, Cat. Mantodea, i. 1889, p. 20.
Berlin. ent. Zeitschr. viii. 1864, p. 234.
Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xi. 1893, p. 205.
Proc. ent. Soc. London, 1867, p. cv.
Cat. Mantodea, i. 1889, p. 4.
Ann. Soc. ent. France, 1835, p. 457.
P. ent. Soc. London, 1877, p. xxix.
Afbeeldingen der Spoken en wandelende Bladen, etc., Amsterdam, 1813.
P. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1877, p. 193.
Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 263.
Ann. Nat. Hist. 3rd ser. xix. 1867, p. 144.
Bull. Soc. Philomat. (8) ii. 1890, p. 154.
Insectes fossiles des temps primaires, 1894, p. 353.
Acta Ac. German. xii. 1825, pp. 555-672, pls. l.-liv.
Mem. Ac. Sci. Toulouse, series 7, iii. pp. 1-30.
Edinburgh Philosoph. Journ. January 1856.
Zool. Jahrb. Syst. i. 1886, p. 724.
P. Boston Soc. xii. 1869, p. 99.
Prod. Zool. Victoria, Decade vii. 1882, p. 34.
See de Borre, CR. Soc. ent. Belgique, xxvii. 1883, p. cxliii.
See Murray, Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, January 1856.
CR. Ac. Paris, cxviii. 1894, No. 24, p. 1299.
SB. Ak. Wien, xci. 1885, p. 361. The nomenclature applied to the nervures by these authors is not the same as that of Brunner; according to their view the wing of Phyllium, female, differs more from the wing of Blatta than it does according to a comparison made with the nomenclature we adopt.
Bull. Soc. Philomathique (8), ii. p. 18.
Laboulbène, Bull. Soc. ent. France, 1857, p. cxxxvi., and Henneguy as above.
Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) i. 1878, p. 101.
The antennae in the specimen represented were no doubt mutilated, though Westwood did not say so.
CR. Ac. Paris, xcviii. 1884, p. 832.
In his recent Insectes fossiles des temps primaires, pp. 373 and 396, M. Brongniart has himself removed this Insect to Protodonates. We shall again mention it when discussing that group.
Bactridium, though placed in this tribe, has only short antennae, of 20 joints.
Bostra and Clonistria, belonging to Bacunculides, have the median segment almost as long as the metanotum.
The American genera Pterinoxylus, Haplopus, and Candaules, as well as the African Palophus, possess winged females.
The African and Australian genera Orobia and Paraorobia, although they have a short median segment, are placed in the tribe Phasmides of this division.
This character is evidently erroneous as regards the males of the genus Phyllium.—D. S.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, i. 1886, p. 175.
Newport, Tr. Linn. Soc. xx. 1851, p. 419.
Mem. Ac. Sci. Étrang. vii. 1834, p. 274.
First Ann. Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. 1878, p. 271.
Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. ii. 1880, p. 223.
Ann. Sci. Nat. (7) iv. Zool. 1887.
Verh. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. 1871, p. 1097.
Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxiv. 1874, p. 286.
Denk. Ak. Wien, xxxvi. 1875; Arch. mikr. Anat. xx. and xxi., 1882.
Mem. Ac. Sci. Étrang. vii. 1834, p. 306.
Bull. Soc. Philomath. (8) v. 1893, p. 5.
First Ann. Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. 1878, p. 279.
Rep. Ins. Missouri, ix. 1877, p. 86.
Bull. Soc. ent. France (6), x. 1890, p. xxxvii., and CR. Ac. Paris, ex. 1890, p. 657.
Carruthers in Nature, xli. 1889, p. 153.
Blue-book, C, 4960, 1887; and P. ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. xxxviii.
Rep. Entomologist, 1885, p. 229.
Tr. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. i. 1880, p. 193. The species is thought to be Pachytylus sulcicollis Stål.
CR. Soc. ent. Belgique, xxi. 1878, p. 5.
Addit. ad Prodromum Oedipodiorum, 1888, p. 12.
See Redtenbacher, Über Wanderheuschrecken, in Jahresber. Realschule Budweis, 1893.
J. Bombay N. H. Soc. viii. 1893, p. 120.
P. ent. Soc. London, 1893, p. xxi.
Rep. injurious Insects, xvii. 1893, p. 47.
Ent. Nachricht. viii. 1882, p. 160.
Monograph by Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Esp. xiii. 1884, p. 1, etc.
Monograph, de Saussure, Spicilegia entomologica Genavensia, pt. 2, Geneva, 1887.
Monograph, de Saussure, Mem. Soc. Phys. Genève, xxviii. 1884, No. 9; and xxx. 1888, No. 1.
Prod. Eur. Orthopt. 1882, p. 160.
Science, xxi. p. 133.
An. Soc. Espan. xv. 1886, p. 273.
Nature, iv. 1871, p. 333.
Bull. Soc. Rouen, 1885, and Insectes fossiles, etc. 1894, p. 439.
A few species of Proscopiides and Oedipodides, though placed in the next division, are destitute of any claw-pad.
This applies specially to the males.—D. S.
Ann. Rep. Insects Missouri, vi. 1874, p. 155.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxv. 1875, pp. 174-200, pl. xii.
Arch. f. mikr. Anat. xx. 1882, and xxi. See also von Adelung, Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. liv. 1892, p. 316.
The small space above lm left free from dots is, we presume, due to an omission on the part of Graber's artist, but we have not thought it right to interfere with his diagram.
Ann. Rep. Insects Missouri, vi. 1874, p. 159.
Wheeler, J. Morphol. viii. 1893.
Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiii. 1883, p. 248.
Bonnet and Finot, Rev. Sci. Nat. (3) iv. p. 345. The word we have translated as humming is "bruissement."
De Saussure, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 1888, p. 151, pl. v. fig. 1.
Indian Mus. Notes, ii. 1893, p. 172.
Zoologist, 1867, p. 489.
This diagnosis is an attempt to express in something approaching an exact manner the distinction of the flattened from the arched or convex head.
Scrobes are the depressions in which the antennae are inserted.
There are unfortunately a few exceptions in the case of this character.
See Pungur, Termes. Füzetek, 1877, p. 223.
Brunner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxiv. 1874, p. 288.
Natural History of Selborne, Letter xc.
Müller's Arch. 1859, p. 159.
Bull. Soc. ent. France, 1893, p. cccxli.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxiii. 1876, p. 122.
Ibid. xli. 1885, p. 570.
Morph. Jahrb. xv. 1889, p. 400.
Mem. Soc. phys. Genève, xxv. 1877, and Biol. Centr. Amer. Orthoptera, 1894, p. 198.
The genus Myrmecophila, being exceptional in several respects, is treated separately.
Insectes fossiles des temps primaires, 1893, vol. i. and atlas.
Giebel and Nitzsch, Insecta epizoica, folio, 1874.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xlii. 1885, p. 537.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xlii. 1885, pl. xviii. f. 15.
Arch. f. Naturg. xxxv. i. 1869, p. 154, pls. x. xi.
Op. cit. pp. vii.-xiv. For classification, etc., see also Piaget, Les Pédiculines. Leyden, 1880.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xlii. 1885, p. 532.
P. ent. Soc. London, 1890, p. xxx.
Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) ix. p. 33.
P. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 628.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, i. 1886, p. 171.
Atti Acc. Gioenia, vii. 1893.
J. Linn. Soc. Zool. xiii. 1878, pl. xxi. f. 2.
Canadian Entomologist, xvii. 1885, throughout.
Jena. Zeitschr. Naturw. ix. 1875, pl. xii. See also Stokes in Science, xxii. 1893, p. 273.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, i. 1886, p. 183.
Jena. Zeitschr. Naturw. ix. 1875, p. 257.
Bidie, in Nature, xxvi. 1882, p. 549.
Linnaea Entomologica, xii. 1858, p. 305.
P. Boston Soc. xx. 1878, p. 118.
Atti Acc. Gioen. vi. and vii. 1893 and 1894.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (4) v. 1856, p. 227.
Ann. Soc. ent. France (5), vi. 1876, p. 201.
Phil. Trans. lxxi. 1781, pp. 139-192.
Ann. Nat. Hist. (2) v. 1850, p. 92.
Dr. G. D. Haviland informs the writer that he thinks it probable this so-called peristaltic movement is merely the result of alarm; he has not, however, had any opportunity of observing T. bellicosus.
Tr. N. York Ac. viii. 1889, pp. 85-114; and ix. 1890, pp. 157-180.
Camerano, Bull. Soc. ent. Ital. xvii. 1885, p. 89; and Kollmann, Verh. Ges. Basel, vii. 1883, p. 391.
Jena. Zeitschr. Naturw. vii. 1873, p. 458.
CR. Ac. Paris, cxix. 1894, p. 804.
Congr. internat. Zool. ii. 1892, pt. i. p. 249.
P. Boston Soc. xi. 1868, p. 399.
Kolbe, Ent. Nachr. xiii. 1887, p. 70.
Trans. N. York Ac. viii. 1889, p. 91.
Congr. internat. Zool. ii. 1892, p. 249.
P. Boston Soc. xix. 1878, p. 267; and xx. 1881, p. 121.
According to Melliss, it is thought that the Insect may have been carried to the island in a captured slave-ship. Melliss, St. Helena, 1875, p. 171.
In some exotic species there is a dense network on a part of the anterior wing.
P. Boston Soc. xix. 1878, p. 292.
Germar, Mag. Entomol. iv. 1821, p. 276, pl. ii.
Psyche, iii. 1881, p. 196.
Kolbe, Stettin, ent. Zeit. xli. 1880, p. 179.
Op. cit. p. 209, etc.
Arch. f. Naturg. xlix. i. 1883, p. 99.
Verh. Ver. Rheinland, xxxix. 1882, Corr.-bl. p. 128.
Berlin ent. Zeit. xxviii. 1884, p. 36.
Stettin. ent. Zeit. xliv. 1883, pp. 299, 305.
For the British species, see M‘Lachlan, Ent. Month. Mag. iii. 1867, p. 177.
The genera Atropos and Clothilla were named after the two fates Atropos and Clotho. Westwood attempted some years ago to complete the trio by establishing a genus Lachesilla. This proved a failure, the genus being a misconception. As the name Lachesis is in use in various branches of zoology, the desired circle of Psocid fates is likely to remain always incomplete.
Phil. Trans. xxii. 1701, pp. 832-834; and xxiv. 1704, pp. 1586-1594, Plate 291, Figs. 4, 5 (pp. 1565 to 1604 occur twice in this volume).
Stettin. ent. Zeit. xliii. 1882, p. 265.
P. Boston Soc. xiii. 1871, p. 407.
Tr. Linn. Soc. xx. 1851, p. 433.
Bull. Soc. ent. France (4), viii. 1868, p. xxxvii.
Zool. Anz. iii. 1880, p. 304.
Stettin. ent. Zeit. xxxviii. 1877, p. 487.
Morphologie des Tracheensystems, Helsingfors, 1877, p. 21.
Beitr. Anat. Perla maxima. Inaug.-Diss. Aarau, 1881.
Entom. Month. Mag. xxix. 1893, p. 249.
No satisfactory systematic work of a general character on British Perlidae exists. References to the scattered descriptions and notes will be found in the Catalogue of British Neuroptera published by Entom. Soc. London, 1870.
Mem. Ac. Pétersb. (7) xxxvi. No. 15, 1889.
Insectes fossiles, etc., p. 407, 1893.
Festschrift Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1873.
Reference may be made to Calvert's recent paper introductory to the study of Odonata, in Tr. Amer. ent. Soc. xx. 1893, pp. 159-161.
Horae Soc. ent. Ross. xvi. 1881, p. 3.
Physiol. facett. Aug. 1891, p. 115.
Bull. Ac. Belgique (3), xvi. 1888, No. 11, p. 31.
SB. Ak. Wien, lxxxiii. 1881, pp. 289-376, pls. i.-vii.
Rev. Sci. Nat. Montpellier (3), ii. p. 470.
Abh. Senckenb. Ges. x. 1875, p. 13, pl. iii.
Zool. Anz. iii. 1880, p. 160.
CR. Soc. ent. Belgique, xxiii. 1880, p. lxvii.
Ann. Sci. Nat. (5) xi. Zool. 1869, p. 377.
Zur Morphologie des Tracheensystems, Helsingfors, 1877, p. 38.
Zool. Anz. xiii. 1890, p. 500.
The following works convey the best information: Evans's British Libellulinae or Dragon-flies, illustrated in a series of lithographic drawings, 1845. Hagen, "A Synopsis of the British Dragon-flies," in Entomologists' Annual, 1857. M‘Lachlan, Catalogue of the British Neuroptera, published by the Entomological Society of London in 1870; and "The British Dragon-flies annotated," Entom. Month. Mag. xx. 1884, pp. 251-256.
Rev. d'Entomol. v. 1886, p. 232.
Riveau, Feuille Nat. xii. 1882, p. 123.
Bull. Mus. Harvard, viii. 1880-81, p. 276.
Insectes fossiles, p. 394.
Insectes fossiles, p. 396.
Mem. Ac. Sci. Toulouse (7), iii. 1871, p. 379.
In reference to a doubt as to the name of this nymph cf. Eaton, Tr. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) iii. p. 20.
Tr. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 1863, p. 62, and xxv. 1866, p. 477.
Hist. Nat. Neuropt. Ephémérines, 1843, p. 24.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (6) xiii. 1882, pp. 1-137, pls. 2-11.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (7) ix. 1890, pp. 19-87, pls. 2-5.
Ann. Nat. Hist. (3) xviii. 1866, p. 145.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxxiv. 1880, p. 404.
Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xv. 1885, p. 494.
Mem. Cour. Ac. Belg. 4to, xix. 1847, p. 1.
Zur Morphologie des Tracheensystems, Helsingfors, 1877, pp. 1-20.
Tr. Linn. Soc. xxv. 1866, p. 483.
Ann. Nat. Hist. (3) xviii. 1866, p. 145.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (6) xiii. 1882, p. 113.
Réaumur, Mem. vi. 1742, p. 457.
Über vaarige Ausführsgänge, etc., Helsingfors, 1884, p. 53.
Ber. Ges. Freiburg, iv. p. 5; cf. J. R. Micr. Soc. 1889, p. 206.
Tr. Linn. Soc. 2nd ser. Zool. iii. 1883, p. 11.
Fly-Fisher's Entomology, 4th ed. 1849, p. 49.
P. ent. Soc. London, 1882, p. xiii.
Ann. Sci. Nat. series 3, ix. Zool. 1848, p. 91, pl. 1.
Newport, Tr. Linn. Soc. xx. 1851, pl. 21, fig. 13. Loew, however, who also describes and figures the anatomy of S. lutaria, states that there is no paunch. Linnaea entomologica, iii. 1848, p. 354.
M‘Lachlan, Ent. Month. Mag. vii. 1870, p. 145.
Rep. Ins. Missouri, ix. 1877, p. 125.
Tijdschr. Ent. vol. xxxiv. 1891.
Arch. f. Naturg. iv. i. 1838, p. 315.
Linnaea entomologica, iii. p. 1848, 346, pl. i.
Mem. Ac. Sci. étrang. vii. 1841, p. 582.
Linnaea entom. iii. 1848, p. 363.
Ent. Month. Mag. 1894, p. 39.
Stettin. ent. Zeit. xxvii. 1866, p. 369; this author has also sketched a classification of the larvae in P. Boston Soc. xv. 1873, p. 243.
Ov. Danske Selsk. 1889, p. 43.
Ann. Sci. étrang. vii. 1834, pl. 12.
M‘Lachlan, Ent. Month. Mag. ii. 1865, p. 73.
Redtenbacher, Denk. Ak. Wien, xlviii. 1884, p. 335.
J. Linn. Soc. Zool. xi. 1873, p. 227.
Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, iv. 1854, p. 471.
Westwood, l.c. p. 12.
P. Boston Soc. xv. 1873, p. 244.
Tr. Entom. Soc. London, 1888, p. 1, pls. 1, 2.
Cf. M‘Lachlan, J. Linn. Soc. Zool. ii. 1873, p. 219.
Tr. Linn. Soc. xiv. 1825, p. 140, and xv. 1827, p. 509.
P. Boston Soc. xv. 1873, p. 245.
M‘Lachlan, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1885, p. 375.
Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xix. 1869, p. 831.
Brauer, Zool. Anz. x. 1887, pp. 212 and 218.
Linnaea entomologica, vii. 1852, p. 368, with plates.
See Albarda in Tijdschr. Ent. xvii. 1874, p. xvi.
Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1868, p. 189.
Biol. Centralbl. iv. 1885, p. 722.
Bull. Soc. ent. France (6), i. 1881, pp. xxi. and xxxi.
Arch. Naturges. lix. 1893, Band I. p 285.
Ent. Nachr. xiv. 1888, p. 274.
Trichoptera europ. 1878, p. 356, note.
Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxv. 1881, p. 54.
Monograph of the British Trichoptera in Tr. ent. Soc. London, third series, vol. v. 1865; and Monographic Revision of the European Trichoptera, 1874-1880.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxxv. 1881, Pl. IV. fig. 6.
Rep. of the Entomologist, 1886, p. 510, Washington.
Insectes fossiles des temps primaires, 1893, p. 38.
P. ent. Soc. London, 1866, p. lxv.
For a history of this complex question, see Gosch, Naturhist. Tidskr. (Rk. 3) vol. xiii. 1881; and also Brauer, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxxxv. 1882.
Introd. hist. Insects, 1841, p. 143. The names proposed by Newman may be adopted when it is specially requisite to use terms that are morphologically correct. According to his nomenclature the true whole abdomen of petiolate Hymenoptera consists of three anatomical parts: 1, the petiole or podeon; 2, the propodeon or part in front of the petiole; 3, the metapodeon or part behind the petiole.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxv. 1874, p. 184.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) x. 1892, p. 442.
CR. Ac. Paris, lxxxiii. 1876, p. 613, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xviii. 1876, p. 504; also Horae Soc. Ross. xv. 1880, pp. 20 and 31.
P. Boston Soc. x. 1866, p. 279.
Adler, Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. xxi. 1877, p. 209.
Cameron, Brit. Phyt. Hym. Ray Society, i. 1882, p. 29, and ii. 1885, p. 218.
Cameron, op. cit. iv. 1893, p. 9.
Brit. Phyt. Hym. i. p. 27. Fletcher's record, referred to by Cameron, mentions N. miliaris, but this name was probably erroneous.
See Perez and Cameron, Tr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, n.s. ii. 1889, p. 194.
Fabre, Marchal, Nicolas.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxx. Supp. 1878, p. 103.
Rejoinder to Professor Weismann, p. 11. Reprint from Contemporary Review, December 1893.
Mon. Brit. Phyt. Hym. 4 vols. 1882 to 1893.
Insect Life, i. 1888, p. 8.
Souvenirs entomologiques: quatrième série, 1891, p. 308.
Tr. ent. Soc. London, i. 1836, p. 232.
Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten, i. 1844, p. 86.
See Cameron, Brit. Phyt. Hym. iii. Ray Soc. 1890, p. 152.
The term inquiline is applied in entomology to a great variety of conditions covered by the Latin word "inquilinus" (incolinus), signifying a tenant or dweller in another's property. The term parasite is used in a still wider and vaguer sense, being in fact applied to a large number of cases, in many of which we do not at present understand the exact relations between the two parties concerned. This subject is no doubt destined to become a most interesting department of entomology. See Riley, P. ent. Soc. Washington, ii. 1893, p. 397; and Wasmann, Zusammengesetzten Nester, etc., 1891.
P. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), vii. 1892, p. 357.
Science (n.s.), i. 1895, p. 457.
Ray Soc. vol. iv. 1893, p. 24.
Term. Füzetek, v. 1882, p. 198, and Biol. Centralbl. ii. 1882, p. 617.
Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), vi. 1866, p. 198.
Adler and Straton, Alternating Generations, 1894, p. 119.
P. entom. Soc. Philadelphia, ii. 1864, pp. 447, etc.
P. ent. Soc. Philad. ii. 1863, p. 34.
Brit. Phyt. Hym. vols. iii. and iv. Ray Soc. 1891 and 1893.
Entom. Mag. ii. 1835, p. 219.
Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 109.
Bull. U. S. Museum, No. 45, 1893, p. 28.
Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 117.
Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1881, pt. vi. f. 3; pp. 120, 126.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xix. 1869; Ganin's observations are described by Lubbock, Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects, 1874, p. 34.
See also Kulagin, Zool. Anz. xiii. 1890, p. 418; xv. 1892, p. 85; and Congr. internat. Zool. ii. 1892, pt. i. p. 258.
Tr. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. i. 1878, p. 587.
Tr. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 1863, p. 135.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xix. 1869, p. 417.
Souvenirs entomologiques. Troisième série, 1886, p. 155.
Souvenirs entomologiques. Troisième série, 1886, p. 179.
Tr. Linn. Soc. xxi. 1855, p. 67.
According to Ashmead, P. ent. Soc. Washington, ii. 1893, p. 228, this genus should take the name of Melittobia.
Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) x. 1892, p. 271.
Rec. Zool. Suisse, v. 1891, pp. 435-534. Cf. Koulaguine, Congr. internat. Zool. ii. 1892, pt. i. p. 265.
Bull. Soc. Ent. France (5) vii. 1877, p. lxix.; also André, Feuille Natural. vii. 1877, p. 136, and Riley and Howard, Insect Life, iv. 1892, p. 242.
Insect Life, i. 1888, p. 121.
Report of the Entomologist, Dep. Agriculture, Washington, 1886, p. 542.
Wachtl, Wien. ent. Zeit. xii. 1893, p. 24, and Howard, P.U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 586.
Abh. Ges. Göttingen, xxviii. 1882.
Mitt. Stat. Neapel, iii. 1882, p. 55.
Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1883. p. 389.
P. biol. Soc. Washington, vii. 1892, p. 99.
Ann. Botan. Garden, Calcutta, i. 1889, Appendix L.
P. ent. Soc. London, 1886, p. x.
For a systematic memoir refer to Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxv. 1885, p. 147, etc.
Insect Life, iv. 1891, p. 193.
Tosquinet, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xxxviii. 1894, p. 694.
Ichneum. Forst. Ins. 1844, p. 81.
Mitt. schweizer. ent. Ges. iv. 1876, p. 518.
Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm. 1890, p. 15.
Tr. Linn. Soc. xxi. 1852, p. 71.
Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1886, p. 162, and 1887, p. 303.
Ent. Month. Mag. xiii. 1877, p. 200.
A catalogue, with references, of the British Ichneumonidae was published by the Entomological Society of London in 1872. Since then many additional species have been detected and recorded, by Mr. Bridgman and others, in the Transactions of the same Society.
Klapálek, Ent. Month. Mag. xxv. 1889, p. 339, and Arch. Landesdurchforschung Böhmen, viii. No. 6, 1893, p. 53.
Ichneum. Forst. Ins. 1844.
Ann. Soc. ent. France (2), iii. 1845, p. 355.
Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1885, pp. 224, 219.
A monograph of the British Braconidae was commenced by the Rev. T. A. Marshall in 1885, and is still in progress, in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London; cf. op. cit. 1885, 1887, 1889, 1891, 1894.
Berlin entom. Zeitschr. xxxiii. 1889, p. 197.
Ibid.
Monograph, Schletterer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxv. 1885, p. 267, etc.; xxxvi. 1886, p. 1, etc.; and Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iv. pp. 107, etc.
Berlin. entom. Zeitschr. xxxiii. 1889, p. 197.
Amer. Nat. xxviii. 1894, p. 895.