| First Sub-class—Palæichthyes. |
| | PAGE |
| First Order—Chondropterygii | [313] |
| I. | Plagiostomata | [313] |
| A. Selachoidei—Sharks | [314] |
| Families: Carchariidæ (Blue Shark, Tope, Hammerhead,Hound), [316]—Lamnidæ (Porbeagle, Carcharodon,Fox-Shark, Basking-Shark), [319]—Rhinodontidæ,[323]—Notidanidæ, [324]—Scylliidæ (Dog-fishes), [325]—Hybodontidæ, [328]—Cestraciontidæ (Port JacksonShark), [328]—Spinacidæ (Spiny Dogs, GreenlandShark), [330]—Rhinidæ, [334]—Pristiophoridæ, [335]. | |
| B. Batoidei—Rays | [335] |
| Families: Pristidæ (Saw-fishes), [336]—Rhinobatidæ, [337]—Torpedinidæ(Electric Rays), [338]—Rajidæ (Raysand Skates), [340]—Trygonidæ (Sting Rays), [342]—Myliobatidæ(Eagle Rays), [344]. | |
| II. | Holocephala | [348] |
| Family: Chimæridæ, [348]. | |
| Second Order—Ganoidei | [350] |
| I. | Placodermi | [351] |
| II. | Acanthodini | [355] |
| III. | Dipnoi | [355] |
| Families: Sirenidæ (Lepidosiren, Protopterus, Ceratodus),[355]—Ctenododipteridæ, [359]—Phaneropleuridæ, [360]. | |
| IV. | Chondrostei | [360] |
| Families: Acipenseridæ (Sturgeons), [360]—Polyodontidæ, [362]. | |
| V. | Polypteroidei | [363] |
| Families: Polypteridæ, [364]—Saurodipteridæ, [365]—Coelacanthidæ,[365]—Holoptychidæ, [365]. | |
| VI. | Pycnodontoidei | [366] |
| Families: Pleurolepidæ, [366]—Pycnodontidæ, [366]. | |
| VII. | Lepidosteoidei | [367] |
| Families: Lepidosteidæ, 367—Sauridæ, 368—Stylodontidæ,368—Sphærodontidæ, 368—Aspidorhynchidæ,369—Palæoniscidæ, 369—Platysomidæ, 370. | |
| VIII. | Amioidei | [370] |
| Families: Caturidæ, [371]—Leptolepidæ, [371]—Amiidæ(Bow-fin), [371]. | |
| Second Sub-class—Teleostei. |
| First Order—Acanthopterygii | [374] |
| I. | A. perciformes | [374] |
| Families: Percidæ (Freshwater-Perches, Bass, Sea-Perches,Centrarchus), [375]—Squamipinnes (Coral-Fishes),[397]—Mullidæ (Red-Mullets), [403]—Sparidæ(Sea-breams), [405]—Hoplognathidæ, [410]—Cirrhitidæ,[410]—Scorpænidæ, [412]—Nandidæ, [418]—Polycentridæ,[418]—Teuthididæ, [418]. | |
| II. | A. beryciformes | [419] |
| Family: Berycidæ, [420]. | |
| III. | A. kurtiformes | [424] |
| Family: Kurtidæ, [424]. | |
| IV. | A. polynemiformes | [425] |
| Family: Polynemidæ, [425]. | |
| V. | A. sciæniformes | [426] |
| Family: Sciænidæ (Meagres), [426]. | |
| VI. | A. xiphiiformes | [431] |
| Family: Xiphiidæ (Sword-fishes), [431]. | |
| VII. | A. trichiuriformes | [433] |
| Families: Trichiuridæ (Scabbard-fishes, Hairtails), [433]—Palæorhynchidæ, [437]. | |
| VIII. | A. cotto-scombriformes | [438] |
| Families: Acronuridæ (Surgeons), [438]—Carangidæ(Horse-Mackerels, Pilot-fish, Boar-fish), [440]—Cyttidæ(John Dorey), [450]—Stromateidæ, [452]—Coryphænidæ(Dolphin, Sun-fish), [452]—Nomeidæ,[455]—Scombridæ (Mackerel, Tunny, Bonito, Albacore,Sucking-fish), [456]—Trachinidæ (Stare-gazer,Weever, etc.), [462]—Malacanthidæ, [467]—Batrachidæ,[467]—Psychrolutidæ, [469]—Pediculati (Angler,Antennarius, etc.), [469]—Cottidæ (Bull-heads, Gurnards),[476]—Cataphracti (Flying Gurnards), [480]—Pegasidæ, [482]. | |
| IX. | A. gobiiformes | [483] |
| Families: Discoboli (Lump-suckers), [483]—Gobiidæ(Gobies, Dragonets), [485]. | |
| X. | A. blenniiformes | [490] |
| Families: Cepolidæ (Band-fishes), [490]—Trichonotidæ,[490]—Heterolepidotidæ, [491]—Blenniidæ (Wolf-fish,Blennies), [492]—Acanthoclinidæ, [498]—Mastacembelidæ, [499]. | |
| XI. | A. mugiliformes | [499] |
| Families: Sphyrænidæ (Barracudas), [499]—Atherinidæ(Atherines), [500]—Mugilidæ (Mullets), [501]. | |
| XII. | A. gastrosteiformes | [504] |
| Families: Gastrosteidæ (Sticklebacks), [504]—Fistulariidæ(Flute-mouths), [507]. | |
| XIII. | A. centrisciformes | [508] |
| Family: Centriscidæ, [508]. | |
| XIV. | A. gobiesociformes | [510] |
| Family: Gobiesocidæ, [512]. | |
| XV. | A. channiformes | [513] |
| Family: Ophiocephalidæ, [513]. | |
| XVI. | A. labyrinthibranchii | [514] |
| Families: Labyrinthici (Climbing Perch, Gourami),[514]—Luciocephalidæ, [519]. | |
| XVII. | A. lophotiformes | [519] |
| Family: Lophotidæ, [519]. | |
| XVIII. | A. tæniiformes | [520] |
| Family: Trachypteridæ (Ribbon-fishes), [520]. | |
| XIX. | A. notacanthiformes | [523] |
| Family: Notacanthidæ, [523]. | |
| Second Order—Acanthopterygii Pharyngognathi | [523] |
| Families: Pomacentridæ (Coral-fishes), [524]—Labridæ(Wrasses, Parrot-wrasses), [525]—Embiotocidæ, [533]—Chromides,[534]. | |
| Third Order—Anacanthini | [537] |
| I. | A. gadoidei | [537] |
| Families: Lycodidæ, 537—Gadidæ (Cod-fishes, Hake,Burbot, Ling, Rockling, Torsk), 539—Ophidiidæ(Brotula, Fierasfer, Sand-eel, Congrogadus), 546—Macruridæ,551. | |
| II. | A. pleuronectoidei | [553] |
| Family: Pleuronectidæ (Flat-fishes), [553]. | |
| Fourth Order—Physostomi | [559] |
| Families: Siluridæ; their skeleton, [559]—divided into eight subdivisionsand sixteen groups; Clariina, [563]—Plotosina, 563—Silurina,[565]—Hypophthalmina, [566]—Bagrina, [567]—Amiurina,[567]—Pimelodina, [568]—Ariina, [569]—Doradina, [572]—Rhinoglanina,[573]—Malapterurina (Electric Catfish), [574]—Hypostomatina(Preñadillas, Loricaria, etc.), [575]—Aspredinina,[580]—Nematogenyina and Trichomycterina, [581]—Stegopholina,[581]. | |
| Families of Physostomi continued: Scopelidæ, [582]—Cyprinidæ(Carps), [587]—divided into fourteen groups, viz. Catostomina(Suckers), [588]—Cyprinina (Carp, Crucian Carp, Gold-fish,Barbels, Gudgeons), [589]—Rohteichthyina, [596]—Leptobarbina,[597]—Rasborina, [597]—Semiplotina, [598]—Xenocypridina,[598]—Leuciscina (White fish, Tench, Dace, etc.), [598]—Rhodeina,[601]—Danionina, [601]—Hypophthalmichthyina,[602]—Abramidina (Bream, Bleak), [602]—Homalopterina, [604]—Cobitidina(Loaches), [604]. | |
| Families of Physostomi continued: Kneriidæ, [606]—Characinidæ,[606]—Cyprinodontidæ, [613]—Heteropygii (Blind Fish of theMammoth Cave), [618]—Umbridæ, [619]—Scombresocidæ (Gar-pike,Saury, Half-beak, Flying Fish), [619]—Esocidæ (Pike),[623]—Galaxiidæ, [624]—Mormyridæ, [625]—Sternoptychidæ,[627]—Stomiatidæ, [629]. | |
| Families of Physostomi continued—Salmonidæ: Salmo, difficultyof distinguishing species, [630]; constant specific characters,[635]—hybrids, [638]—sexual development, [638]—migratoryspecies and their retention in freshwater, [639]—Growth ofSalmonoids, [641]—their domestication and acclimatisation,[641]—species enumerated, [642]—Smelt and Capelin, [646]—Coregonus,[647]—Grayling, [649]—marine genera, [650]. | |
| Families of Physostomi continued: Percopsidæ, [651]—Haplochitonidæ,[651]—Gonorhynchidæ, [652]—Hyodontidæ (Moon-eye),[653]—Pantodontidæ, [653]—Osteoglossidæ, [653]—Clupeidæ(Herrings, Anchovies, Shads, Mossbanker, Menhaden, etc.),[655]—Bathythrissidæ, [663]—Chirocentridæ, [663]—Alepocephalidæ,[664]—Notopteridæ, [664]—Halosauridæ, [665]—Hoplopleuridæ,[665]—Gymnotidæ (Electric Eel), [666]—Symbranchidæ,[668]—Murænidæ (Eels, Congers, Murænas, etc.), [669]. | |
| Fifth Order—Lophobranchii | [678] |
| Families: Solenostomidæ, [678]—Syngnathidæ (Pipe-fishes, Sea-horses), [679]. | |
| Sixth Order—Plectognathi | [683] |
| Families: Sclerodermi (File-fishes, Coffer-fishes), [684]—Gymnodontes(Globe-fishes, Sun-fish), [686]. | |
| Third Sub-class—Cyclostomata. |
| Families: Petromyzontidæ (Lampreys), [691]—Myxinidæ, [694]. | |
| Fourth Sub-class—Leptocardii. |
| Family: Cirrhostomi (Lancelets), [696]. | |
| APPENDIX. |
| Directions for Collecting and Preserving Fishes | [697] |
| Alphabetical Index | [707] |