The Rise of the Mediaeval Church / And Its Influence on the Civilization of Western Europe from the First to the Thirteenth Century

by Alexander Clarence Flick

Sources

• A.—PRIMARY:
  • 1.—Eales, Life and Works of St. Bernard.
  • 2.—Henderson, Historical Documents of the Middle Ages.
  • 3.—Lea, C. H., A Formulary of the Papal Penitentiary in the Thirteenth Century.
  • 4.—Migne, Patrologia Latina.
  • 5.—Morley, Mediæval Tales.
  • 6.—Robinson, Readings in European History.
  • 7.—Steele, R., Mediæval Lore. Lond., 1893.
  • 8.—Thatcher and McNeal, A Source-Book for Mediæval History.
  • 9.—Univ. of Penn., Translations and Reprints.
• B.—SECONDARY:
  • I.—SPECIAL:
    • 1.—Bethune-Baker, J. F., The Influence of Christianity on War. Camb., 1888.
    • 2.—Brace, G. L., Gesta Christi. Lond., 1886.
    • 3.—Cornish, Chivalry.
    • 4.—Cutts, E. L., Scenes and Characters of the Middle Ages. Lond., 1872. Parish Priests and their People. Lond., 1890.
    • 5.—Döllinger, J. J. I., Papal Fables of the Middle Ages.
    • 6.—Fournier, Les officialités au moyen âge.
    • 7.—Gautier, Chivalry.
    • 8.—Jessopp, The Coming of the Friars.
    • 9.—Lea, H. C., History of Auricular Confession. 3 vols. Phil., 1896. History of the Inquisition. 3 vols. History of Sacerdotal Celibacy. Superstition and Force. Studies in Church History.
    • 10.—Luchaire, Manuel des institutions.
    • 11.—Maitland, The Dark Ages.
    • 12.—Milman, H. H., History of Latin Christianity. viii., bk. 14, ch. 1-10.
    • 13.—Prévost, L'église et les compagnes au moyen âge.
    • 14.—Rashdall, History of the Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages.
    • 15.—Smith, The Troubadours at Home.
  • II.—GENERAL.
    • Adams, Med. Civ., ch. 16, 18. Blunt, i., ch. 10-12. Coxe, Lect. 5-7. Darras, iii., ch. 8-10. Dehorbe, ch. 11, 42. Fisher, pd. 6, ch. 6. Foulkes, ch. 11, 12. Gieseler, iii., ch. 1, 2, 5, and 6. Gilmartin, ii., ch. 5-13. Hardwick, ch. 8, 10, 11, 12. Hase, sec. 192-237. Hurst, i., ch. 50. Jennings, ii., ch. 12, 13. Knight, ch. 14-16. Kurtz, ii., 89-138. Milner, iii., cent. 12, 13. Moeller, ii., pd. 2, ch. 5; iii., ch. 2 and 3. Neander, iv. Robertson, bk. 5, ch. 13; bk. 6, ch. 6-8. Sikes, ch. 17.

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FOOTNOTES:

[569:1] Lea, Hist. of the Inq., iii., 57.

[570:1] Moeller, ii., 436.

[570:2] Munro, "The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century," in An. Rep. Am. Hist. Assoc., 1906, i., p. 45.

[571:1] Munro, "The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century," in An. Rep. Am. Hist. Assoc., 1906, i., p. 47.

[571:2] Robinson, Readings, i., ch. 17.

[573:1] Translations and Reprints, iii., No. 6.

[573:2] See Lea, Hist. of Inq., for best discussion of this institution.

[573:3] See Acts. xix. 19, for Biblical authority.

[573:4] Putnam, Censorship of the Church of Rome, i., 58-61.

[573:5] Ibid., 64-67.

[574:1] Neander, iv., 1-82; Kurtz, i., 120-138.

[575:1] In this century it became customary for Popes to fill many benefices themselves and to receive all or half of the first year's income from those appointed.

[576:1] Examples: permit to cousins to marry; release of a monk from his vow.

[576:2] This is a narrow woollen scarf made by the nuns of St. Agnes in Rome.

[577:1] Lea, Stud. in Ch. Hist., 235-286.

[577:2] The ceremony of bell, book, and candle was the most common.

[577:3] Lea, Stud. in Ch. Hist., 395, 397, 403, 404, 405, 412.

[577:4] Ibid., 442, 448.

[577:5] Ibid., 384, 463.

[577:6] Matth. Paris, Hist. Maj., an. 1208, 1214.

[578:1] Lea, Stud. in Ch. Hist., 427.

[578:2] Ibid., 417, 419, 420-421, etc.

[578:3] Ibid., 440.

[578:4] Ibid., 417.

[578:5] Ibid., 418.

[579:1] Lea, Stud. in Ch. Hist., 427.

[579:2] Ibid., 428; Agnel, Curiosités Judiciaires du Moyen-Âge, 26.

[579:3] Lea, Stud. in Ch. Hist., 428.

[579:4] Ibid., 429.

[579:5] Ibid., 433. See Translations and Reprints, iv., No. 4.

[579:6] Lea, Stud. in Ch. Hist., 435-437.

[579:7] Ibid., 451; see Letter of Innocent III. in Regest., lib. x., ep. 79.

[580:1] Lea, Stud. in Ch. Hist., 455.

[580:2] Ibid., 457.

[580:3] Waker, Kirchliches Finanzwesen der Päpste.

[582:1] Kurtz, i., 166.

[582:2] Gams, Series Episcoporum Ecclesiæ Catholicæ; Lea, Stud. in Ch. Hist., 61-109.

[583:1] Some monasteries secured papal exemption from episcopal control.

[583:2] Froude, Short Stories of Great Subjects, 54.

[584:1] Smith and Cheetham, Dict. Chr. Antiq., i., 353, 355; Cath. Encyc.

[585:1] Kurtz, vol. i., 168. See Howson, Essay on Cathedrals; Freeman, Cathedral Church of Wells; Walcott, Cathedralia.

[585:2] Emerton, Med. Europe, 549.

[586:1] This power had been given to them in the reforms of Gregory VII.

[586:2] Robinson, Readings, i., 361.

[588:1] Urban II., Adrian IV., Alexander V., Gregory VII., Benedict XII., Nicholas V., Sixtus IV., Urban IV., John XXII., Sixtus V., were among the many Popes of humble ancestry.

[589:1] Anselm of Milan (9th cent.), Regino of Prüm (10th cent.), Burchard of Worms (11th cent.), Ivo of Chartres (12th cent.), and Algerius of Liege (1120).

[589:2] The best edition is by Richter. Unfortunately there is no English translation.

[590:1] Lea, Formulary of the Papal Penitentiary, xxxi. to xxxv.

[590:2] Ibid.

[591:1] One of the most famous preachers of the 13th century was the German Franciscan, Berthold of Regensburg (d. 1272), who often preached to crowds numbering 100,000.

[592:1] See Robinson, Readings, i., 348.

[593:1] John Pegues Assinus, a doctor of Paris University, substituted the word consubstantiation.

[594:1] Kings, at their coronation, and sometimes at the approach of death, were by a special favour given the cup.

[594:2] Alexander of Hales gave the dogmatic justification of this idea.

[595:1] Wasserschleben, Bussordnung, Halle, 1851.

[595:2] A journey to the Holy Land took the place of all penance.

[595:3] Mansi, Coll. Concil., xviii., 525.

[595:4] Fifth Canon of the Council of Ancyra in 314.

[596:1] Summa, supplement, p. 3, qu. 25.

[596:2] Summa, p. 4, qu. 23, art. 1, 2, memb. 5, 6.

[596:3] Lea, Indulgences, 18 ff.

[596:4] Pflugh-Harttung, Acta Pontiff., iii., n. 408; Potthast, Regest. n. 3799.

[596:5] Lea, Indulgences, 178.

[596:6] Ibid., 314.

[596:7] Ibid., 305, 310.

[596:8] Epist., I Can., vii.

[597:1] After receiving extreme unction recipients were forbidden to touch the ground again with their bare feet or to have marital intercourse.

[602:1] Read the bull Unam Sanctam of Boniface VIII. (1302). Robinson, Readings, i., 346.

[602:2] As late as the thirteenth century, an offender who wished to prove that he was a priest in order to obtain the privilege of trial by a church court had to show that he could read a single line. This was called benefit of clergy. See Robinson, Readings, vol. i., ch. 16; Lea, Hist. of Inq., iii., 57.

[603:1] Milman, Lat. Christ., vi., 357.

[604:1] Lea, Hist. of the Inq., i., 4.

[604:2] Ibid., i., 1.

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