Section A.
a. Nox group.
17. Papilio Nox, Swainson.
P. Nox., Sw. Zool. Ill. pl. 102; Horsf. Lep. Ins. E. I. C. pl. 1. f. 1; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 277.
P. Neesius, Zink. Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xv. t. 14. f. 1.
Hab. Java (♂, ♀) (Wall.), Penang (♂) (Brit. Mus.).
18. Papilio Noctis, Hewitson. Tab. V. fig. 1 (♂)[[12]].
[12]. In all the Plates, the wings on one side of each figure are detached from the body, and represent the under surface of the same insect. In one case only (Tab. VII. f. 1.) the upper surfaces of two varieties of the same species are given.
P. Noctis, Hewits. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 423, pl. 66. f. 5 (♀).
Male: differs from the same sex of P. Nox by the broader apex of the fore wings, and by the hind wings being more elongate, more glossy, and especially by the entire nondentated hinder margin.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak) (Wall.), (♂, ♀ Mus. nost.)
19. Papilio Erebus, Wallace.
P. Nox, var., De Haan, Verh. Nat. Gesch. t. 5. f. 3 (♀).
Hab. Malacca (Wall.), Banjermassing, Borneo (De Haan).
Remarks.—I am somewhat doubtful of the species, the female only being known; but it differs so strikingly from the same sex of P. Nox and P. Noctis (the former of which seems very constant), that I think it better to separate it in order to draw attention to other specimens that may exist in collections. It differs from P. Nox (♀) by its narrower and more elongate hind wings, which are black, glossed with steel-blue; the fore wings are black, with the veins beyond the cell clearly white-margined. The lower margin is also much less strongly dentated.
20. Papilio Varuna, White.
♀. P. Varuna, Wh., Entomologist, 1842, p. 280; Westw. Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. p. 37. P. Chara, Westw. Arc. Ent. pl. 66. f. 2.
♂. P. Astorion, Westw. Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. p. 37; Arc. Ent. pl. 66. f. 1.
Hab. Pulo Penang, Sylhet.
21. Papilio Semperi, Felder.
P. Semperi, Feld. Lep. Nov. Philipp, pp. 1, 11.
Hab. Luzon, Philippines (♂, ♀).
N.B. The Philoxenus group peculiar to India follows on after these.
b. Coon group.
22. Papilio Neptunus, Guérin.
P. Neptunus, Guér. Deless. Voy. dans l’Inde, p. 69, t. 19 (P. Saturnus).
Hab. Malacca, Borneo (♂, ♀) (Wall.).
23. Papilio Coon, Fabricius.
P. Coon, Fab. Ent. Syst. iii. 1. pp. 10, 27; Don. Ins. China, pl. 24. f. 1; Lucas, Lep. Ex. t. 6. f. 2; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 201.
Hab. Java, Sumatra (Wall.), Borneo (De Haan).
Remarks.—The specimens from Sumatra are constantly larger than those from Java. The Indian form, in which the markings are red instead of yellow, with other differences, I consider a distinct species, for which I propose the name of P. Doubledayi, after the late Mr. Edward Doubleday of the British Museum[[13]].
[13]. Papilio Doubledayi, Wallace. (P. Coon, var., B. M. Cat.)
Above: upper wings as in P. Coon, but the base darker. Lower wings broader than in P. Coon; the white spot in the cell toothed below, and divided by one or two faint blackish lines, cut off at the middle of the cell by the black triangular basal patch. The marginal spot next within the tail wanting; the two anal spots, end of abdomen, and its rings (which are yellow in P. Coon) red; collar behind the eyes and palpi (which are black in P. Coon) also red.
Beneath: base of lower wings broadly black; white spots all much broader and rounder than in P. Coon; sides of the thorax, end of the abdomen, and the marginal spots in the caudal and anal region red.
The female differs in a corresponding manner from P. Coon ♀. Size about the same.
Hab. Moulmein, Assam.
c. Polydorus group.
24. Papilio Polydorus, Linnæus.
P. Polydorus, L.; Clerck, Icon. t. 33. f. 3. P. Leobates, Reinw. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Zool. t. 6. f. 3 (♀).
Hab. Ceram, Matabello Island, Bouru, Batchian (♂, ♀) (Wall.).
Local form or variety a.—The white markings on the fore wings forming a patch below the cell; red spots on the hind wings nearer to the posterior margin and that next the anal angle larger.
Hab. Ké Island, Aru Island (♂, ♀) (Wall.).
25. Papilio Leodamas, n. s. Tab. V. fig. 2 (♂).
P. Polydorus, in Brit. Mus. List of Papilionidæ, p. 10.
Male. Above, glossy black, upper wings immaculate (the veins pale-margined in the female). Lower wings with a rounded white spot divided into six parts by fine nervures, of which the outermost and that in the cell are sometimes reduced to points; marginal row of red spots obscured with black, and but faintly indicated.
Beneath, the white patch has a small red spot attached to the part next the anal angle; and the marginal row of six red spots are clearly marked, that at the anal angle being twice the size of the rest. Wings short, much rounded, scarcely or not at all produced in the caudal region.
Expanse of wings 3¾ in. to 4 in.
Hab. New Guinea, Mysol (♂, ♀) (Wall.), Rockingham Bay (Australia), (Brit. Mus., ♀).
26. Papilio Diphilus, Esper.
P. Diphilus, Esp. Ausl. Schmett. t. 40. f. 1. P. Polydorus, Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 267; and most authors.
Hab. Java, Malacca (Wall.), Philippine Islands, India.
Remarks.—The specimens from Manilla are larger, and the females paler-coloured, than those from other localities, all of which have slight characteristic peculiarities; but they also vary in the individuals from each locality, so that no perfect segregation of local forms has yet taken place.
27. Papilio Antiphus, Fabricius.
P. Antiphus, Fab. Syst. Ent. iii. 1. pp. 10–28; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 266.
Hab. Sumatra, Borneo, Lombock, Java (Wall.), Philippine Islands.
Remarks.—The Philippine form (P. Kotzebuea, Eschsch.) is rather larger and of a more uniform glossy black than those from other localities. P. Theseus, Cram., has been erroneously supposed to be the female of this species, whereas it is the female of one of the Pammon group, belonging to a different section of the genus. De Haan figures P. Theseus as P. Antiphus ♀, in Verh. Nat. Gesch. t. 8. f. 2. As has been already pointed out, P. Theseus mimics this species.
28. Papilio Polyphontes, Boisduval.
P. Polyphontes, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 268. P. Hegemon, G. R. G., List of Papilionidæ in B. Mus.
Hab. Celebes, Batchian, Morty Isl. (♂, ♀) (Wall.).
Remarks.—The markings vary from pure white to a smoky tint; but otherwise all the specimens from the above localities agree. De Haan gives (Verh. Nat. Gesch. t. 8. f. 4) a female of one of the Pammon group as P. Polyphontes ♀.
29. Papilio Annæ, Felder.
P. Annæ, Feld. Lep. Nov. Philipp, p. 1.
Hab. Mindoro (Philippines).
30. Papilio Liris, Godart.
P. Liris, God. Enc. Méth. iv. p. 72; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 268; De Haan, Verh. Nat. Gesch. p. 38, t. 4. f. 3 (♀).
Hab. Timor (Wall.), N.W. Australia (Brit. Mus.).
Remarks.—The Australian specimens are smaller. The female of P. Œnomaus mimics this species, as has been already mentioned (p. 22). Both species were taken by myself on the same spot, and, though such large and conspicuous insects, they could never be distinguished without a close examination after capture. The female of this species differs very little from the male, being rather larger, with broader wings and less vivid coloration.