Locomotive Engine Running and Management

by Angus Sinclair

INDEX.

• Accidents to cylinders and steam connections, [162–171].
• —— —— eccentric-strap, [383].
• —— —— link-hanger, [383].
• —— —— running-gear, [172–181].
• —— —— valve-motion, [143–161].
• Adhesion of locomotives, [346].
• Air-pump disorders, [322].
• Angularity of connecting-rod, [219].
• Angularity of connecting-rod, effect of, in valve-motion, [220].
• Appliances for testing water, [363].
• Ash-pan, neglecting, [42].
• Axles, broken, [179].
• Baldwin locomotives, [284].
• Boiler, blowing off, [139].
• —— careful feeding preserves, [70].
• —— care of, [136–138].
• —— explosions, [137].
• —— feeding, [65], [86], [103].
• —— incrustation, [101], [362].
• —— injudicious feeding of, [69].
• —— inspection of, [36].
• —— over-pressure on, [140].
• —— precautions against scorching, [40].
• —— preservation of, [138].
• —— temperature of, [67].
• —— water for locomotive, [359–375].
• Boilers and fire-boxes, [136–142].
• Books, prejudice against, [8].
• —— mechanical, recommended, [9].
• Brakes, advantage of good, [310].
• —— atmospheric, [312].
• —— Eames vacuum, [340–345].
• —— to apply and release, [336].
• —— to prevent creeping on of, [335].
• —— Westinghouse air, [309–339].
• Brooks locomotives, [284].
• Chemicals for testing water, [363].
• —— —— purifying boiler water, [374].
• Collisions, [173].
• Connecting-rods, side rods, and wedges, [182–198].
• —— —— angularity of, [219].
• —— —— functions of, [182].
• Crank, attempts to abolish, [217].
• Cross-head, methods of securing, [157].
• —— pin broken, [164], [383].
• Curves, resistance of, [353].
• Cut-off, ascertaining point of, [253].
• —— adjustment of, [255].
• Cylinders, accidents to, [162], [381].
• —— action of steam, in reverse-motion, [224].
• —— back pressure in, [211].
• —— compression in, [213].
• —— operation of steam in, [210].
• Dampers, operating, [71].
• —— loss of heat from, [73].
• Dead center, [251].
• Diagram, indicator, [306].
• Diaphragm-plate, [99].
• —— vacuum brake, [341].
• Disconnecting engine, [379].
• Draught appliances, [98].
• —— obstructions to, [97], [98].
• Driving-axles, broken, [179].
• Driving-box, [179], [190], [196].
• Driving-trusses, [193].
• Driving-springs, broken, [177].
• Dry pipe, broken, [166].
• Dynagraph car, [355].
• Eames vacuum brake, [340–345].
• Eccentric, angular advance of, [218].
• —— slipped, [234], [380].
• —— description of, [214].
• —— early application of, [215].
• —— throw, influence of, [238].
• —— position of, [152], [218].
• —— rods, position of, [243].
• —— rods slipped, [154].
• —— strap broken, [155], [383].
• Educating engineers, [25].
• Ejector, Eames brake, [342].
• Emergencies, dealing with sudden, [172].
• Engineers, attributes that make good, [1], [89].
• —— causes of anxiety to, [78].
• —— education for, [25].
• —— examination for, [376–384].
• —— first duties of, [43], [376].
• —— duties, growing importance of, [3].
• —— how made, [11], [29].
• —— illiterate men not wanted for, [3].
• Engineers, individuality of, [3].
• —— interest in valve-motion among, [149].
• —— learning duties of, [20].
• —— public interest in, [2].
• —— their duties, [1–10].
• Engines, hard-steaming, [92–108].
• —— high-speed, [83].
• —— essentials of good-steaming, [92].
• —— slippery, [62].
• —— power of different kinds of, [357].
• —— rough-riding, [197].
• Equalizer lever broken, [178].
• Examination for engineers, [376–384].
• —— —— firemen, [24].
• Exhaust, detecting cause of lame, [155].
• —— locating the four sounds of, [144].
• —— note, neglecting warning of false, [148].
• —— watching sound of, [144].
• Finishing the trip, [74–81].
• Fire, attending to, [79].
• —— effect of excessive air on, [72].
• —— management of, [54].
• —— making up, [84].
• —— starting the, [40].
• Fire-boxes and boilers, [136–142].
• Firemen, bad, [59].
• —— first duties of, [41].
• —— first trips as, [18].
• —— highest types of, [57].
• —— learning duties of, [19].
• —— make best engineers, [14].
• —— medium, [58].
• —— men chosen for, [16].
• —— method of promoting, [23].
• —— method of selecting, [17].
• Firemen, misconception of duties of, [19].
• —— qualifications for, [27].
• Firing, conditions that demand good, [56].
• —— good, [55].
• —— effect of heavy, [72].
• —— engine of fast train, [90].
• —— scientific methods of, [57], [107].
• —— whom to blame for bad, [59].
• Flues, bursted, [141].
• —— leaky, [102].
• Frames, broken, [179].
• Freight train, running a, [48–60].
• Gauge, water-glass, [43].
• Getting ready for the road, [39–47].
• Getting up the hill, [61–73].
• Grade, getting train up a, [61].
• Grant locomotives, [285].
• Grates, saving the, [42].
• —— defects of, [100].
• Giffard injector, [119].
• Hancock inspirator, [134], [135].
• Hard-steaming engines, [92–108].
• How engineers are made, [11–29].
• Ignorance, where disaster came of, [7].
• Indicator, [303–308].
• —— advantage of using, [308].
• —— description of, [303].
• —— diagram, [306].
• —— operation of, [304].
• —— Tabor, [304].
• Injectors, chapter on, [119–135].
• —— care of, [124–128].
• —— choice of, for feeding, [66], [109].
• —— disorders of, [125–127].
• —— forms of, [123].
• —— Hancock, [135].
• Injectors, invention of, [109].
• —— Korting, [133].
• —— Monitor, [132].
• —— principle of action of, [121].
• —— repairing, [123].
• —— Sellers, [129].
• —— trying to learn philosophy of, [120].
• Inspection of locomotives, [30–38].
• Inspection of locomotives, neglecting, [31].
• Inspirator, Hancock, [135].
• Joy valve-gear, [292–302].
• —— valve, action of, [296].
• —— —— advantage claimed for, [295].
• —— —— construction directions, [294].
• —— —— how applied, [292].
• —— —— rules for laying out, [298].
• Knowledge and skill in engineering, [1].
• —— versus ignorance, [2].
• —— practical, needed, [15].
• —— of train-rights, [75].
• Korting injector, [133].
• Laying out link-motion, [257–286].
• Lime, effects of its presence in water, [101], [359].
• —— tests for salts of, [364].
• Link-hanger, broken, [383].
• Link-motion, adjustment of, [239].
• —— conditions of laying out, [259].
• —— hanger-stud, [241].
• —— increase of lead, [243].
• —— invention of, [230].
• —— laying out, [257–286].
• —— position of rocker, [264].
• Link-motion, position of crank-pin and eccentrics, [265].
• —— problems of laying out, [260].
• —— radius, [242].
• —— slip, [240].
• —— weak points of, [235–258].
• Links, hooking up, [50].
• Locomotives, adhesion of, [346].
• —— difficulty of running at night, [14–21].
• —— dimensions of, [284–286].
• —— hard-steaming, [92].
• —— high-speed, [83].
• —— horse-power of, [350].
• —— importance of, steaming freely, [92].
• —— inspection of, [30–38].
• —— learning to keep, in order, [22].
• —— power of different kinds, [357].
• —— running worn-out, [143].
• —— slippery, [64].
• —— traction of, [347].
• Mason locomotives, [286].
• Monitor injector, [132].
• Mud-drums, [102].
• Mud in boilers, [101], [139], [373].
• Nathan injector, [132].
• Netting choked with oil, [98].
• Night, difficulty of running at, [14].
• Nozzles, exhaust, [105].
• Off the track, [172–181].
• Oil-cups, inspection of, [34], [84].
• Oil, quality of, needed for machinery, [45].
• Passenger train, running fast, [82–91].
• Petticoat-pipe, influence on steam-making of, [93].
• —— —— size and position of, [94].
• Piston, clearance, [104], [184].
• —— events of stroke, [222].
• —— irregular speed of, [215].
• —— setting out packing, [382].
• Pittsburg locomotives, [285].
• Point of suspension of link, [241].
• Pounding of working-parts, [168–170].
• —— in driving-boxes and wedges, [190].
• Power of locomotives, [357].
• Pumps, care of air, [326].
• —— —— —— water, [113].
• —— causes that induce pounding in air, [331].
• —— choice of, for feeding water, [66].
• —— disorders of air, [322].
• —— disorders of water, [109–118].
• —— gradual degeneration of air, [329].
• —— lift of valves for water, [115].
• —— sand in chambers, [116].
• —— testing water, [113].
• —— Westinghouse air, [318].
• Raising steam, [39].
• Radius of link, [242].
• Relief-valve on dry pipe, [227].
• Reversing motions, early, [229].
• Road, acquaintance with the, [79].
• —— getting ready for the, [39–47].
• Rocker-arm, broken, [158].
• —— position of, [264].
• Rocker-shaft, broken, [158].
• Rods, eccentric, [154], [243], [248], [268].
• —— keying up, [186], [189], [379], [380].
• —— main, [164], [182], [183].
• Rods, side, [182], [187], [188].
• —— watching, on road, [185].
• —— valve, [250].
• Rough-riding, cause of, [197].
• Running-gear, inspection of, [35], [197].
• —— understanding the, [176].
• Running fast freight train, [48–60].
• —— —— passenger train, [82–91].
• Saddle-pin, center of, [271].
• Sand, use of, [63].
• —— in pump-chamber, [116].
• Scale agencies that make lime, [362].
• —— effects on steam-making, [101].
• Schenectady locomotives, [286].
• Self-improvement, methods of, [5].
• Sellers injector, [129–131].
• Setting the valves, [246–256].
• Shop, observing work in, [6].
• Soap-test for hard water, [369–372].
• Short of water, [109–118].
• Smoke-box, extended, [99].
• —— temperature of, [106].
• Shifting-link, [229–245].
• —— action of, [233].
• —— construction of, [232].
• —— slip, [240].
• Side-rods, [182], [187], [188].
• —— adjustment of, [187], [189], [379], [380].
• Slide-valves, clearance, [208].
• —— described, [200].
• —— detecting leakage of, [145].
• —— effect of changing travel, [236].
• —— increase of lead, [243].
• —— invention of, [199].
• —— lap, [202–205], [212].
• —— lead, [209].
• —— primitive form of, [201].
• Slide-valves, movement of, [217].
• —— setting of, [246–256].
• —— testing for leaks, [161].
• Speed, average of fast train, [82], [86–88].
• —— requisites of high, [83].
• Springs, broken driving, [177].
• Smoke-stack, badly proportioned, [105].
• —— functions of, [97].
• Steam-engine indicator, [303–308].
• Steam, action of, in reverse-motion, [244].
• —— back pressure, [211].
• —— causes detrimental to making, [93].
• —— chest-cover broken, [159].
• —— compression of, [213].
• —— operation in cylinders, [210].
• —— pipes broken, [160].
• —— pipes leaking, [100].
• —— pressure best for economy, [52].
• —— raising, [39].
• —— running with low pressure of, [54].
• —— working expansively, [51].
• Stephenson link, [231].
• Stevens valve-gear, [287–291].
• Stevens valve-gear, control of exhaust-lead, [290].
• Stevens valve-gear, description of, [287].
• —— —— valve-movement, [289].
• Strainers, [113].
• Supplies, [42].
• Tests of feed-water, [363–372].
• —— —— valves, [161].
• Throttle, accidents to, [167].
• —— disconnected, [165], [166], [383].
• Throttle, position of lever, [54].
• Tires, broken, [179–384].
• Track, engine off the, [172].
• —— operating single, [77].
• —— replacing engine on, [174].
• Traction of locomotives, [346].
• Train, conditions that increase resistance of, [352].
• Train, fast passenger, [82].
• —— knowledge of rights of, [75].
• —— resistance formula, [351].
• —— resistances, [346–358].
• —— running freight, [48].
• Travel of slide-valve, [236].
• Triple valve, [332].
• Trucks, accidents to, [178].
• Tumbling-shaft, broken, [157].
• —— length of arms, [277].
• Valve, Allen, [206].
• Valve-motion, accidents to, [143], [150], [158].
• —— aids to study of, [221].
• —— chapter on, [199–228].
• —— compression, [213].
• —— effect of excessive inside lap, [212].
• —— effect of main-rod angularity on, [220].
• —— interest in, [149].
• —— Joy’s, [292–303].
• —— locating defects of, [151].
• —— of fast passenger engine, [235].
• —— Stevens, [287–291].
• Valve-setting, [246–286].
• —— best way to learn, [247].
• —— cut-off, [253].
• Valve-setting, lead-opening, [252].
• —— men who learn, [246].
• —— preliminary operations, [247].
• Valve-stem, broken, [158].
• —— marking, [249].
• Valve-travel, effect of changing, [235].
• Valve-yoke, broken, [158], [380].
• Water, expense of using bad, [360].
• —— for locomotive boilers, [359–375].
• —— how carried, [89], [376].
• —— how to avoid getting short of, [111].
• —— loss of faith in purifying methods, [361].
• —— master-mechanics’ attempts to purify, [361].
• —— soap-test for hardness, [369–372].
• —— short of, [110], [112], [377], [378].
• —— tests of quality, [363–372].
• Watching the exhaust, [144].
• Wedges, [182], [190], [192], [194–196].
• Wheels, broken, [179].
• —— slipping, [63].
• Westinghouse brake, [309–339].
• —— air-pump, [318].
• —— air-pump disorders, [322].
• —— air-brake, essential parts, [317].
• —— air-brake, first trials of, [311].
• —— air-brake, invention of, [309].
• Working-parts, harmony of, [239].
• —— pounding of, [168].

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WM. SELLERS & CO. (INCORPORATED),

Sole Patentees and Makers of

THE
SELF-ACTING
INJECTOR
OF 1887.

Range of capacity over 60 per cent., and can therefore be regulated to work continuously for the lightest or heaviest trains. Never fails to lift promptly hot or cold water. No service on a locomotive is sufficiently severe to permanently stop its working. Should the jet break from any interruption of the steam or water supply, the Injector will RESTART ITSELF as soon as the supply is resumed. Adjusts itself to varying steam pressures without waste of water. Increases quantity of water with increase of steam, and vice versa. Very simple to operate. Started by pulling out the lever. Stopped by pushing in the lever.

Descriptive Circular Price List sent on application to office and works,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

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Established, 1831. Annual Capacity, 600.

Baldwin Locomotive Works

BURNHAM, PARRY, WILLIAMS & CO.,
PROPRIETORS,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Broad and Narrow Gauge Locomotives.
Mine Locomotives.
Plantation Locomotives.
Compressed Air Locomotives.
Logging Locomotives.
Noiseless Motors and Steam Street Cars.

All important parts made to Standard Gauges and Templates. Like parts of different engines of same class perfectly interchangeable.

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GEO. WESTINGHOUSE, Jr., President.
JOHN CALDWELL, Treasurer.
T. W. WELSH, Superintendent.
W. W. CARD, Secretary.
H. H. WESTINGHOUSE, General Agent.

THE WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE
COMPANY,
Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.A.,
MANUFACTURERS OF THE

WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE,
WESTINGHOUSE LOCOMOTIVE DRIVER BRAKE,
VACUUM BRAKES (Westinghouse & Smith Patents),
WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE.

The Automatic Freight Brake is essentially the same apparatus as the Automatic Brake for passenger cars, except that the various parts are one piece of mechanism, and is sold at a very low price. The saving in accidents, flat wheels, brakemen’s wages, and the increased speed possible with perfect safety, will repay the cost of its application within a very short time.

The “AUTOMATIC” has proved itself to be the most efficient train and safety brake known. Its application is instantaneous; it can be operated from any car in the train, if desired, and should the train separate, or a hose or pipe fail, it applies automatically. A GUARANTEE is given customers against LOSS from PATENT SUITS on the apparatus sold them.

FULL INFORMATION FURNISHED ON APPLICATION.

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PITTSBURGH
LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WORKS,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Manufacturers of
Locomotive Engines
FOR
BROAD OR NARROW GAUGE ROADS
From standard designs, or according to specifications, to suit purchasers.
Tanks, Locomotive or Stationary Boilers
Furnished at Short Notice.

D. A. STEWART, Pres’t. D. A. WIGHTMAN, Sup’t. WILSON MILLER, Sec. and Treas.

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BROOKS LOCOMOTIVE WORKS

DUNKIRK, N. Y.

H. G. BROOKS, President and Superintendent. M. L. HINMAN, Secretary and Treasurer.
R. J. GROSS, Traveling Agent.

Builders of all classes of LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES. All work constructed accurately to Standard Gauges and Steel-Bushed Templates. We guarantee the interchangeability of like parts of different Engines of the same class.

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THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS.
TIRES STANDARD TIRES
PHILADELPHIA

STEEL CASTINGS

From 1-4 to 15,000 lbs. weight,

True to pattern, sound and solid, of unequalled strength, toughness, and
durability. An invaluable substitute for forgings, or for cast-iron
requiring three-fold strength. Gearing of all kinds, Shoes,
Dies, Hammer-Heads, Cross-Heads for Locomotives,
etc. 40,000 Crank Shafts, and 30,000 Gear
Wheels of this Steel now running,
prove its superiority over
other Steel Castings.

SPECIALTIES:

CRANK SHAFTS, CROSS-HEADS, AND GEARINGS,

Steel Castings of Every Description.

Please send for Circulars. Address

CHESTER STEEL CASTINGS CO.,

Works, CHESTER, PENN.

Office, No. 407 LIBRARY STREET, PHILADELPHIA.