GLOSSARY
Acrogenous, borne at the tips of hyphae; [see spermatium], [312].
Allelositismus, Norman’s term to describe the thallus of Moriolaceae (mutualism), [313].
Amorphous cortex, formed of indistinct hyphae with thickened walls; [cf. decomposed cortex].
Amphithecium, thalline margin of the apothecium, [157].
Antagonistic symbiosis, hurtful parasitism of one lichen on another, [261 et seq.]
Apothecium, open or disc-shaped fructification, [11], [156] et passim. Veiled apothecium, [169]. Closed or open at first, [182].
Archilichens, lichens in which the gonidia are bright green (Chlorophyceae), [52], [55] et passim.
Ardella, the small spot-like apothecium of Arthoniaceae, [158].
Areola (areolate), small space marked out by lines or chinks on the surface of the thallus, [73] et passim.
Arthrosterigma, septate tissue-like sterigma (spermatiophore), [197].
Ascogonium, the cell or cells that produce ascogenous hyphae, [180 et seq.]
Ascolichens, lichens in which the fungus is an Ascomycete, [159], [173] et passim.
Ascus, enlarged cell in which a definite number of spores (usually 8) are developed; [cf. theca], [157], [184].
Ascyphous, podetia without scyphi, [119] et passim.
Biatorine, apothecia that are soft or waxy, and often brightly coloured, as in Biatora, [158].
Blasteniospore, [see polarilocular spore].
Byssoid, slender, thread-like, as in the old genus Byssus.
Campylidium, supposed new type of fructification in lichens, [191].
Capitulum, the globose apical apothecium of Coniocarpineae; [cf. mazaedium], [319].
Carpogonium, primordial stage of fructification, [160], [164] et passim.
Cephalodium, irregular outgrowth from the thallus enclosing mostly blue-green algae; or intruded packet of algae within the thallus, [11], [133] et passim.
Chrondroid, hard and tough like cartilage, a term applied to strengthening strands of hyphae, [104], [114].
Chroolepoid, like the genus Chroolepis (Trentepohlia).
Chrysogonidia, yellow algal cells (Trentepohlia).
Cilium, hair-like outgrowth from surface or margin of thallus, or margin of apothecium, [91].
Consortium (consortism), mutual association of fungus and alga (Reinke); also termed “mutualism,” [31], [313].
Corticolous, living on the bark of trees, [363].
Crustaceous, crust-like closely adhering thallus, [70-79].
Cyphella, minute cup-like depression on the under surface of the thallus (Sticta, etc.), [11], [126].
Decomposed, term applied to cortex formed of gelatinous indistinct hyphae (amorphous), [73-81] et passim, [357].
Determinate, thallus with a definite outline, [72].
Dimidiate, term applied to the perithecium, when the outer wall covers only the upper portion, [159].
Discoid, disc-like, an open rounded apothecium, [156].
Discolichens, in which the fructification is an apothecium, [160 et seq.]
Dual hypothesis, the theory of two organisms present in the lichen thallus, [27 et seq.]
Effigurate, having a distinct form or figure; [cf. placodioid], [80], [201].
Endobasidial, Steiner’s term for sporophore with a secondary sporiferous branch, [200].
Endogenous, produced internally, as spores in an ascus, [179]; [see also under thallus].
Endolithic, embedded in the rock, [75].
Endosaprophytism, term used by Elenkin for destruction of the algal contents by enzymes of the fungus, [36].
Entire, term applied to the perithecium when completely surrounded by an outer wall, [159].
Epilithic, growing on the rock surface, [70].
Epiphloeodal, thallus growing on the surface of the bark, [77].
Epiphyllous, growing on leaves, [363].
Epithecium, upper layer of thecium (hymenium), [158].
Erratic lichens, unattached and drifting, [259].
Exobasidial, Steiner’s term for sporophore without a secondary sporiferous branch, [200].
Exogenous, produced externally, as spores on tips of hyphae; [see also under thallus].
Fastigiate cortex, formed of clustered parallel hyphal branches vertical to long axis of thallus, [82].
Fat-cells, specialized hyphal cells containing fat or oil, [75], [215] et passim.
Fibrous cortex, formed of hyphae parallel with long axis of thallus, [82].
Filamentous, slender thallus with radiate structure, [101 et seq.]
Foliose, lichens with a leafy form and stratose in structure, [82-97].
Foveolae, Foveolate, pitted, [373].
Fruticose, upright or pendulous thallus, with radiate structure, [101 et seq.]
Fulcrum, term used by Steiner for sporophore, [200].
Gloeolichens, lichens in which the gonidia are Gloeocapsa or Chroococcus, [284], [373], [389].
Gonidium, the algal constituent of the lichen thallus, [20-45] et passim.
Gonimium, blue-green algal cell (Myxophyceae), constituent of the lichen thallus, [52].
Goniocysts, nests of gonidia in Moriolaceae, [313].
Gyrose, curved backward and forward, furrowed fruit of Gyrophora, [184].
Hapteron, aerial organ of attachment, [94], [122].
Haustorium, outgrowth or branch of a hypha serving as an organ of suction, [32].
Helotism, state of servitude, term used to denote the relation of alga to fungus in lichen organization, [38], [40].
Heteromerous, fungal and algal constituents of the thallus in definite strata, [13], [68], [305] et passim.
Hold-fast, rooting organ of thallus, [109], [122] et passim.
Homobium, interdependent association of fungus and alga, [31].
Homoiomerous, fungal and algal constituents more or less mixed in the thallus, [13], [68], [305] et passim.
Hymenial gonidia, algal cells in the hymenium, [30], [314], [315], [327].
Hymenium, apothecial tissue consisting of asci and paraphyses; [cf. thecium], [157].
Hymenolichens, lichens of which the fungal constituent is a Hymenomycete, [152-154], [342].
Hypophloeodal, thallus growing within the bark, [78], [364].
Hypothallus, first growth of hyphae (proto- or pro-thallus) persisting as hyphal growth at base or margin of the thallus, [70], [257] et passim.
Hypothecium, layer below the thecium (hymenium), [157].
Intricate cortex, composed of hyphae densely interwoven but not coalescent, [83].
Isidium, coral-like outgrowth on the lichen thallus, [149-151].
Lecanorine, apothecium with a thalline margin as in Lecanora, [158].
Lecideine, apothecium usually dark-coloured or carbonaceous and without a thalline margin, [158].
Leprose, mealy or scurfy, like the old form genera, Lepra, Lepraria, [191].
Lichen-acids, organic acids peculiar to lichens, [221 et seq.]
Lignicolous, living on wood or trees, [366].
Lirella, long narrow apothecium of Graphideae, [158].
Mazaedium, fructification of Coniocarpineae, the spores lying as a powdery mass in the capitulum, [176].
Medulla, the loose hyphal layer in the interior of the thallus, [88] et passim.
Meristematic, term applied by Wainio to growing hyphae, [48].
Microgonidia, term applied by Minks to minute greenish bodies in lichen hyphae, [26].
Multi-septate, term applied to spores with numerous transverse septa, [316 et seq.]
Murali-divided, Muriform, term applied to spores divided like the masonry of a wall, [187].
Oidium, reproductive cell formed by the breaking up of the hyphae, [189].
Oil-cell, hyphal cell containing fat globules, [215].
Orculiform, [see polarilocular].
Orthidium, supposed new type of fructification in lichens, [192].
Palisade-cells, the terminal cells of the hyphae forming the fastigiate cortex, [82], [83].
Panniform, having a felted or matted appearance, [260].
Paraphysis, sterile filament in the hymenium, [157].
Parasymbiosis, associated harmless but not mutually useful growth of two organisms, [263].
Parathecium, hyphal layer round the apothecium, [157].
Peltate, term applied to orbicular and horizontal apothecia in the form of a shield, [336].
Perithecium, roundish fructification usually with an apical opening (ostiole) containing ascospores, [158] et passim.
Pervious, referring to scyphi with an opening at the base (Perviae), [118].
Phycolichens, lichens in which the gonidia are blue-green (Myxophyceae), [52] et passim.
Placodioid, thallus with a squamulose determinate outline, generally orbicular; [cf. effigurate], [80].
Placodiomorph, [see polarilocular].
Plectenchyma (Plectenchymatous), pseudoparenchyma of fungi and lichens, [66] et passim.
Pleurogenous, borne laterally on hyphal cells; [see spermatium], [312].
Pluri-septate, term applied to spores with several transverse septa, [321 et seq.]
Podetium, stalk-like secondary thallus of Cladoniaceae, [114], [293 et seq.]
Polarilocular, Polaribilocular, two-celled spores with thick median wall traversed by a connecting tube, [188], [340-341].
Polytomous, arising of several branches of the podetium from one level, [118].
Proper margin, the hyphal margin surrounding the apothecium, [157].
Prothallus, Protothallus, first stages of hyphal growth; [cf. hypothallus], [71].
Pycnidiospores, stylospores borne in pycnidia, [198] et passim.
Pycnidium, roundish fructification, usually with an opening at the apex, containing sporophores and stylospores; [cf. spermogonium], [192 et seq.]
Pyrenolichens, in which the fructification is a closed perithecium, [173] et passim.
Radiate thallus, the tissues radiate from a centre, [98 et seq.]
Rhagadiose, deeply chinked, [74]; [cf. rimose].
Rhizina, attaching “rootlet,” [92-94].
Rimose, Rimulose, cleft or chinked into areolae, [73].
Rimose-diffract, widely cracked or chinked, [74].
Scutellate, shaped like a platter, [156].
Scyphus, cup-like dilatation of the podetium, [111], [117].
Signature, a term in ancient medicine to signify the resemblance of a plant to any part of the human body, [406], [409].
Soralium, group of soredia surrounded by a definite margin, [144].
Soredium, minute separable particle arising from the gonidial tissue of the thallus, and consisting of algae and hyphae, [141].
Spermatium, spore-like body borne in the spermogonium, regarded as a non-motile male cell or as a pycnidiospore, [201].
Spermogonium, roundish closed receptacle containing spermatia, [192].
Sphaeroid-cell, swollen hyphal cell, containing fat globules, [215].
Squamule, a small thalline lobe or scale, [74] et passim.
Sterigma, Nylander’s term for the spermatiophore, [197].
Stratose thallus, where the tissues are in horizontal layers, [70].
Stratum, a layer of tissue in the thallus, [70].
Symbiont, one of two dissimilar organisms living together, [32].
Symbiosis, a living together of dissimilar organisms, also termed commensalism, [31, 32 et seq.]
Tegulicolous, living on tiles, [369].
Terebrator, boring apparatus, term used by Lindau for the lichen “trichogyne,” [179].
Thalline margin, an apothecial margin formed of and usually coloured like the thallus; [cf. amphithecium].
Thallus, vegetative body or soma of the lichen plant, [11], [421]. Endogenous thallus in which the alga predominates, [68]. Exogenous thallus in which the fungus predominates, [69].
Theca, enlarged cell containing spores; [cf. ascus].
Thecium, layer of tissue in the apothecium consisting of asci and paraphyses; [cf. hymenium], [157].
Trichogyne, prolongation of the egg-cell in Florideae which acts as a receptive tube; septate hypha in lichens arising from the ascogonium, [160], [177-181], [273].
Woronin’s hypha, a coiled hypha occurring in the centre of the fruit primordium, [159], [163].