DIACRITICAL MARKS.
1. What are Diacritical Marks?
Characters indicating the different sounds of letters.
2. Name the Diacritical Marks.
Macron, Breve, Dieresis, Semi-Dieresis, Caret, Tilde, Cedilla, and the inverted T.
3. Make the Diacritical Marks in the order named:
(¯); (˘); (¨); (·); (ˇ); (~); (¸); ( ˔).
4. What does the Macron indicate?
Over a vowel, its long sound; under e, the sound of a, long; across c, the sound of k; over g, the hard sound; across th, the subvocal sound, and over oo, the long sound.
5. What are the uses of the Breve?
Over vowels, it indicates their short sound, and over oo, its short sound.
6. What does the Dieresis indicate?
Over a, its Italian sound; under a, its broad sound; over i, the sound of e, long; under u, when preceded by r, makes it equivalent to o, Italian.
7. What is the use of the Semi-Dieresis?
Over a, gives it the medium sound; under a, the sound of o, short; over o, the sound of u, short; under o, the Italian sound; over g, the soft sound; and under u, the sound of Italian o.
8. Where is the Cedilla used?
Under c, to give it the sound of s.
9. What is the use of the Caret as a Diacritical Mark?
Over a, it indicates the flat sound; over e, the sound of a, flat; over u, the sound of e, in her.
10. Where is the Tilde used?
Over n in Spanish words it indicates that the sound of y immediately follows. It is also used over e in such words as her, and over i in sir, etc.
11. What is the use of the inverted ˔?
Under s, it gives it the sound of z; under x, it gives the sound of gz.
12. Give some words illustrating the use of the Macron.
Māte, bēam, fīne, bōat, tūbe, ro͞od, ḡo, and pre̱y.
13. Give words showing the use of the Breve.
Măt, sĕt, lŏt, tŭb, and fo͝ot.
14. Illustrate the use of the Dieresis.
Cär, polïce, fa̤lling, and trṳe.
15. Give words showing the use of the Semi-Dieresis.
Mȧsk, whạt, mȯney, ġin, wọlf, and bụsh.
16. Illustrate the use of the Caret.
Fâir, thêre, sûrge, and sometimes over o as in stôrm.
17. Give words showing the use of the Tilde.
Mẽrge and cañon.
18. Illustrate the use of the Cedilla.
Çell and çhaise.
19. Give some words showing the use of the inverted t.
Was̝ and ex̝ist.
20. Are there any other names for the inverted t?
It has been given different names by different authors.
21. What are they?
"The Perpendicular," "Suspended Macron," etc.
22. Is the letter y ever marked by Diacritical Marks?
It is, sometimes.
23. What marks are used for y?
Macron and Breve.
24. Give examples where y is marked with the Macron.
Spȳ, slȳ, stȳ, etc.
25. Give example where y is marked with the Breve.
Hy̆mn.
26. What mark is used to cancel silent letters?
Short bar, similar to the Macron.