VOCABULARY.
=acusar recibo=, to acknowledge receipt =ascensor=, lift, hoist =bien estar=, well being =colección=, collection, set of samples =confiar á=, to entrust =confiar en=, to trust in =corresponder á las necesidades=, to meet the requirements =corriente, el que rige=, inst. =cucharas=, spoons =cuchillo=, knife =cueros=, hides =*deshacerse=, to get rid of =deshecho=, got rid of =distrito=, district =empacar=, to pack =empaqué, etc=., I packed, etc. =*establecerse=, to establish oneself =me establezco, etc=., I establish myself, etc. =fantasías=, fancies =herramientas=, tools =manga=, sleeve =*manifestar=, to inform, to say by letter =manifiesto, etc=., I inform, etc. =moeres=, mohair =nanquines=, nankeens =pieles=, skins =planchas de hierro=, sheet iron =principio=, beginning =telas para trajes= (=de Señora=), dress goods =tenedores=, forks =*torcer=, to twist =tuerzo, etc=., I twist, etc. =vale=, farewell, adieu =viajante=, traveller (commercial) =viajar=, to travel =vivamente=, earnestly, vividly
EXERCISE 1 (41).
Translate into English—
1. Sin ningunas de sus gratas á que referirnos dirigimos á Vs. la presente para manifestarles que estando muy á corto (short) de fondos nos hemos visto precisados (we have been obliged) á girar á su cargo (on you) por el saldo de nuestra factura de Planchas de Hierro y Herramientas.
2. ¡Plegue á Dios que nuestros buenos deseos tengan pleno cumplimiento (may be fully realised)!
3. ¿Quiere V. encargarse (take charge) de ese asunto?
4. Mucho me place (with much pleasure).
5. Se dice que pronto se abolirá esta ley.
6. Tendré mucho gusto que sea abolida (not se abuela).
7. Todo lo que atañe al desarrollo de la agricultura ó que concierne el bien estar general del país me interesa vivamente.
8. La honradez (honesty) es alabada de (or por) todos pero nunca se alaba tanto como por los de manga ancha (those who themselves are not over-scrupulous).
9. El comerciante después de haberse muy bien establecido se consumió el capital en especulaciones bursátiles.
10. Nos hemos deshecho de los cuchillos, tenedores y cucharas sin tanta pérdida como temíamos.
11. El cajero bajando en el ascensor se ha torcido el pie y se está en casa guardando cama (in bed).
12. ¿Entiende V. las razones porque ha de subir el cambio?
13. Para que las entienda debo leer la revista de la Bolsa (Exchange Review).
14. Entienda V. que esto no ha de hacerse otra vez. ¡Entendido!
EXERCISE 2 (42).
Translate into Spanish—
1. With reference to your esteemed order of 1st inst. for skins and hides, we understand exactly what you want, but we much regret to say that we are unable to get in (obtenerlos) at your limit.
2. We acknowledge receipt of your favour (apreciable) of the 1st inst. with note of purchase we are to make on (de or por) your account, and we shall report thereon (contestaremos, relataremos) by our next.
3. We have picked up (escogido) a few suitable clearing lines (saldos), which are awaiting shipment (se embarcarán) by next steamer.
4. Stripes and checks.—Owing to a breakdown in the works these will not be ready for (antes de) another fortnight.
5. The goods were packed according to (de conformidad con) your instructions, but we take no responsibility for sending them (haberlos mandado) in bales instead of cases as usual (como de costumbre).
6. We hand (pasamos) you enclosed the invoice amounting to (importando en, ascendiendo a) £155 6s. 7d. to the debit of your account, value (valor al) 15th inst.
7. We can assure you that any (cualesquiera) orders entrusted to our care (que se nos confíen) will receive careful attention.
8. Our traveller will be in your district by the beginning of September, and he will have much pleasure in waiting upon you (en visitarles) with our full (completa) collection of dress goods and fancies.
9. We hasten to offer you a lot of cheap mohairs and nankeens and hope they will meet your requirements.
Hoping to receive a favourable reply,
Yours faithfully,
SMITH AND Co.
Prices are (van or están) marked on (en) the samples.
S. & Co. (Vale).[138]
[Footnote 138: Used instead of initialling a postscriptum.]
LESSON XXII.
(Lección vigésima segunda.)
THE MOODS.
Mood is that form or modification of the Verb which marks the mode in which an action is viewed or stated.
There are =5= moods in Spanish: one the Infinitive and =4= Finite, viz., the Indicative, Conditional, Subjunctive, and Imperative.
The =Infinitive Mood= (Modo Infinitivo) represents the action or state of being without any reference to time or person. The present and past participles are parts of the Infinitive Mood.
The Infinitive Mood may be used in the capacity of a noun either as Subject or Object of the sentence. It is then generally (but not necessarily) accompanied by the def. article, as—
El leer es útil: To read is useful.
Me es necesario el leer: It is necessary for me to read.
The form of the Pres. Part. used in this capacity in English is inadmissible in Spanish, e.g., we could never say "leyendo" for "el leer" (or "la lectura").
The Infinitive Mood preceded by á may have a passive meaning, as—
Una consignación á hacer or also á hacerse (á ser hecha): A shipment to be made.
The Infinitive Mood preceded by á may be used instead of the Finite
Mood introduced by "if," as—
Á saber yo que V. era accionista de aquella compañía, le habría comunicado luego aquella relación: If I had known (or had I known) that you were a shareholder in that society, I would have sent you at once that report. The =Present Participle= after "to be" is used in both languages to form the continuous or progressive tenses; in Spanish this happens much less frequently than in English, and only with verbs whose action implies =duration of time= and besides when it is spoken of as =actually in progress=. This form is never possible with the verb "to go," and is very rarely found with "to come," as—
Miro aquellas Mantas y Terlices que me gustan: I am looking at those
Blankets and Tickings which I like.
Grita: He is shouting.
Nos escribe continuamente: He is continually writing us.
Hoy como con el arquitecto: To-day I am dining with the architect.
Estoy haciendo mi correspondencia, no puedo dejar el despacho: I am writing my correspondence, I cannot leave the office.
A =Preposition= before a Pres. Part. is either translated by a preposition followed by the Infinitive Mood or by the Pres. Part. without a Preposition, as—
Al ir _(or _yendo) á la Bolsa; On going to the Exchange.
EXCEPTION—
After en we find the Pres. Part. used with the following meaning—e.g.
En acabando saldré: As soon as I have finished, I shall go out.
"I, acting as trustee," is translated "Yo, procediendo como síndico"; but "I wrote to the party acting as umpire" would be "Escribí á la persona que funcionaba (not funcionando) de árbitro."
After "Intentar,"[139] "Ver," "Oir," "Sentir," and "Simular" the
Infinitive only can be used in Spanish, as—
[Footnote 139: Or verbs of similar meaning.
Intento (or pienso) hipotecar la casa: I intend mortgaging the
house.
Le veo pasar: I see him passing.
"My coming," "my going," etc., are translated: "El venir or el
haber venido yo," etc.]
The Past Part. may be used in an absolute manner, as—
Entregada la carta se fué: The letter (being) delivered, he went.
Sellados los sobres, los echó al correo: Having sealed the envelopes he posted them.