VOCABULARY.
=abogar por=, to plead for =acoger=, to receive =agasajar=, to welcome =apurar=, to clear up, to investigate =arrancar=, to wrench, to pull out, also to date from *=atender á=, to attend =clases nocturnas=, evening classes =condiciones=, terms *=convenir en=, to agree, to acquiesce =cruzados=, twills[198] =culpado=, at fault *=despedir=, to dismiss =desteñido=, faded =detallado=, detailed, circumstantial =estrenar=, to use or wear a thing for the first time =estrenarse=, to commence, to make a start =farditos=, trusses[199] =fiados, book debts =el idioma, la lengua=, language =malversar=, to embezzle =nansús=, nainsooks =negociado=, division (Gov. Office) =oportunidad=,, opportunity, chance =pagaré=, promissory note, bill =parte=, report =perfeccionar=, to perfect =por poder=, per pro =tiro, largura=, length =tomar vuelo=, to develop, to increase
[Footnote 198: Also Aterlizados, asargados, diagonales.]
[Footnote 199: Small bales.]
EXERCISE 1 (85).
Translate into English—
1. Quiso acogerme generosamente en su casa, en donde fuí atendido y agasajado durante el tiempo de mi estancia en X.
2. Le agradecería de veras una orden pues aun no me he estrenado hoy, y V. debería dármela pues me la tiene prometida.
3. Los cruzados y los nansús se han puesto en farditos y estos se han empacado cada cuatro en un fardo.
4. Avisamos á Vs. el envío por correo, de cortes (cuttings) de toda la serie y observarán que son telas de muy buena vista (very sightly) y se pueden pedir en cualquier tiro.
5. Les aconsejamos no tarden en colocar sus pedidos para lo que necesiten.
6. Este negocio tomará mucho vuelo con el tiempo (in time).
7. Arrancan de muchos años los abuses que se cometen en ese Negociado.
8. Se han malversado cantidades de importancia.
9. El Ministro está ocupado en apurar los hechos, estando decidido á castigar severamente á los que resultarán culpados.
EXERCISE 2 (86).
Translate into Spanish—
1. I shall make out a list of my book debts.
2. You would break (faltaría á) your word if you did not plead for him.
3. He should explain his conduct, otherwise he will be dismissed.
4. We shall oblige (contentar) him, but it must be under certain conditions.
5. He is sending me to the Court (Tribunal) that I may watch (seguir) that interesting case (proceso).
6. He sent his nephew here that he might learn our business methods (métodos comerciales) and perfect his knowledge of the English language.
7. You may see for yourself (V. mismo) that the state of the market will not justify (no justifica) buying (el comprar) at present.
8. They might be a little easier in their dealings.
9. Can you claim an indemnity for non-fulfilment of contract?
10. They could square up the account by signing[200] promissory notes at 4 and 6 months' time.
11. They ought to forewarn their agents.
12. He would insist on saying we were in the wrong.
13. Should they acquiesce to the terms of the arrangements, we authorise you to sign it per pro.
14. Had he known the cloth was faded he would not have taken receipt of (admitido) the bale.
15. Mr. Gómez is to visit the Estate (terreno) and send a circumstancial report.
16. I shall let him attend (asistir á) the evening classes at the Manchester School of Technology.
17. It is only fair that (es muy justo que) he should have a chance of mastering (aprender á fondo) the art of spinning and weaving.
18. If he would only devote (si á lo menos dedicase) his attention (to it).
[Footnote 200: See page 162.]
LESSON XLIV.
(Lección cuadragésima cuarta.)
THE ADVERB.
The natural position of the adverb is after the verb, as—
El convendría de muy buena gana: He would willingly consent.
But a great liberty is allowed in this respect, as—
Seguramente firmaría el endoso: He would certainly sign the endorsement.
Siempre se lo voy repitiendo: I keep always repeating it to him.
Mucho is the only adverb which does not generally admit of "very" for the superlative; it takes ísimo instead. However "muy mucho" is found, especially when used jocularly.
To the adverbs given in Lesson XXVIII we add the following adverbs and adverbial locutions—
Á la noche (at night)
Á manos llenas (profusely)
Á ojos cegarritas (blindly)
Á ojos vistas (obviously)
Á pie juntillas (firmly)
Á rienda suelta (recklessly)
Á todo escape (at full speed)
Ayer tarde or por la tarde (yesterday evening)
Cuanto antes (as soon as possible)
De buena, mala gana (willingly, unwillingly)
De buenas á buenas (willingly)
De buenas á primeras (at first sight, straight away)
De hoy en quince (to-day fortnight)
Hoy hace quince días (just a fortnight ago)
De propósito (on purpose)
De tiempo en tiempo (from time to time)
Día sí, y otro no (every other day)
Mañana por la mañana (to-morrow morning)
Nunca jamás (never—emphatic)
Para siempre jamás (for ever and ever)
Pasado mañana (the day after to-morrow)
Por mal (bien) que (however badly (well))
Por poco (nearly, but for little)
Tal cual vez (once in a while)
EXAMPLES—
Nunca jamás en la vida he hecho esto: Never in my life have I done this.
Por poco se rompió la cabeza: He nearly broke his head.
Por mal que le salga: Badly as it may turn out for him.
Adverbs ending in mente are often substituted by con with a noun, as—
Con lujo—lujosamente (luxuriantly).
Con dificultad—difícilmente (with difficulty).
This, of course, is found also in English but is more frequently done in
Spanish.
Recientemente is generally abbreviated into recién before a past participle, as—
El recién llegado (the newly arrived).
El recién venido (the newly arrived).
El recién nacido (the new born).
Aquí, acá, allí, allá.
Aquí and allí are more circumscribed than acá and allá—
Venga acá cuando necesite algo: Come here when you want anything.
Allá, en su tierra esto se hace: There in your country this is done.
Aquí estoy y aquí me quedo: Here I am, and here I remain.
Ponga este paquete allí: Put this packet there.
Ahí—there (near the person spoken to[201]) also means your city, your country, there (in correspondence).
[Footnote 201: Rule not strictly observed.]
Si los precios ahí son razonables podrá hacerse mucho negocio: If prices over there are reasonable, a large business can be done.
Por ahí = about.
¿Cuántos había? ¿40? Por ahí: How many were there? 40? About that number.
No is used often redundantly—
Mejor es sufrir que no hacer sufrir: It is better to suffer than to make others suffer.
Temo que no llegue demasiado temprano[202]: I am afraid he will arrive too early.
[Footnote 202: This sentence is ambiguous, because it might mean the opposite: Temo que no llegue demasiado temprano sino demasiado tarde. The tone of the voice must be relied upon or a different construction must be used.]
=Venir (to come)=.
_Pres. Part., _Viniendo. _Pres. Indic., _Vengo, vienes, viene,—,—, vienen. _Pres. Subj., _Venga, vengas, venga, vengamos, vengáis, vengan. _Imper. Mood, _Ven … _Past Def., _Vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron. _Fut. Indic., _Vendré, vendrás, vendrá, vendremos, vendréis, vendrán;