VOCABULARY.
=abonar=, to speak for a person, to recommend =actas=, deeds (writings) =amén de=, besides =apenas=, barely, scarcely *=arrepentirse=, to repent =bergantín=, brig =concluir un trato=, to strike a bargain =contramaestre de filatura=, master spinner =conveniente para=, becoming =cregüelas=, osnaburgs =crespones=, crêpons *=dar cuenta=, to report =destajista=, contractor =discutir=, to discuss =dobladillo de ojo (con)=, hemstitched =empeñar=, to engage =en regla=, in order =escrito=, writing (n.), letter *=exponerse á=, to expose oneself to, to encounter =fidedigno=, trustworthy =fracasar=, to fall through =goleta=, schooner =hundimiento=, subsidence =pañuelos de luto=, black-bordered handkerchiefs *=poner pleito=, to bring an action =posición=, position, standing *=probar fortuna=, to try one's luck =proceder= (n.), proceeding, behaviour =redactar=, to draw up (deeds), to write out =repulgados, dobladillados=, hemmed =suelo=, ground, soil =telas rizadas=, crimps =vencer=, to win, to fall due
EXERCISE 1 (83).
Translate into English—
1. En contestación á su estimada carta pésanos (we are sorry) deberles notificar que hasta ahora no hemos podido dar con los crespones que nos han pedido.
2. Obra en nuestro poder su apreciable del 3 del que rige con orden para cregüelas, pañuelos de algodón de luto, dobladillados (or repulgados) y pañuelos de lino con dobladillo de ojo, y no dejaremos de darles cuenta detallada de lo que hayamos hecho, en nuestro próximo escrito.
3. El destajista echó a construir pero abandonó la obra á medio hacer.
4. Estamos en que se arrepintió de su contrato y nuestros Directores están por ponerle pleito.
5. Escriben de Brasil que les hace falta un contramaestre de filatura.
6. Conozco á un joven que debería ser competente pero me guardaré de empeñarle sin obtener informes fidedignos que le abonen.
7. De resultas de un hundimiento en el suelo sufrió daños de importancia el cuerpo del edificio amén de haberse caído la chimenea.
8. La goleta y el bergantín temen exponerse al fuerte viento.
EXERCISE 2 (84).
Translate into Spanish—
1. He wants to make us believe that the price at which he sold them barely covers his cost.
2. I do not care whether he gains or loses; I have ceased to take an interest in his affairs.
3. Now I understand, and I shall not fail to take care not to do it in future.
4. He started laughing, and there the matter ended (así se acabó la cosa).
5. He was on the point of striking a bargain with him, but it fell through at the last moment and now everything is to be discussed again.
6. He failed to present himself at the creditors' meeting, and he has therefore forfeited (perdido) his right of opposition (de oponerse).
7. He became very cautious after the experience he had.
8. He became very rich by his fortunate deals (especulaciones) in railway shares.
9. The bill falls due on the 15th inst.
10. This proceeding is not becoming a firm of your standing.
11. The deeds are not in order: please do not take amiss my requesting you to have them drawn up again.
12. I expected to see him, but I was disappointed.
13. Do not clamour so much, and try your luck again.
LESSON XLIII.
(Lección cuadragésima tercera.)
THE VERB (contd.).
The English verbs "shall," "will," "should," "would," "may," "might," when used as auxiliary verbs (viz., as mere signs of the future tense, conditional or subjunctive moods respectively) are rendered by the corresponding terminations of the Spanish verb[195]—
I shall go: Iré.
Thou wilt go: Irás.
We should go: Iríamos.
You would go: Vs. irían.
I hope he may succeed: Deseo que tenga buen éxito.
I wished he might come: Deseaba que viniese.
[Footnote 195: "Shall," "should," "will," "would," are also rendered by the Subjunctive Mood when according to the Spanish rules the verb should be Subjunctive. Example—
It is (was) possible that he will (would) have to work late:
Es (era) posible que tenga (tuviese) que trabajar tarde.]
When they are used as principal verbs they are translated by Deber (shall, should), Querer (will and would), and Poder (may and might), as—
You shall go: V. debe ir.
You may speak: V. puede hablar.
I will not buy more: No quiero comprar más.
You should accept our terms: Vs. deberían[196] aceptar nuestras
condiciones.
We would willingly see that done: Quisiéramos mucho verlo hacer.
[Footnote 196: The Imperfect Indicative debía, podía, quería, is often used for "debería," "podría," and "querría." This occurs also with other verbs, colloquially: Yo se lo daba si estuviese aquí for Yo selo daría si estuviese aquí.]
"Can" is translated by the pres. or future of Poder—
I can do it now: Puedo hacerlo ahora.
I can do it next month: Puedo or Podré hacerlo el mes próximo.
"Could" is translated by the imperfect indicative or the conditional mood of Poder—
I did it whenever I could: Lo hacía siempre que podía. I could do it if I had the necessary means: Podría hacerlo si tuviese los medics necesarios.
"Would," meaning "used to," is, of course, translated by the imperfect indicative—
When he was in Paris he would sit in the cafés for hours: Cuando estaba en Paris se pasaba horas enteras en los cafés.
"Should he do," etc., is translated "if he should do," etc. (si lo hiciese).[197]
"If I were to go" is translated "if I went" (si fuese).
[Footnote 197: After si (if—Conditional) the verb is present indicative or imperfect subjunctive (see Lesson XXIV).]
"Can" is translated by saber when the faculty expressed is the result of learning, as—
Can you play the piano? ¿Sabe V. tocar el pianoforte?
"To be to," "to have to" are translated by Tener que, Haber de or Deber (see Lesson XXVII), as—
Who is to write out that invoice? ¿Quién ha de (debe) escribir aquella
factura?
I have to be very careful: He de ser muy cuidadoso.
I shall have to work hard: Tendró que trabajar fuerte.
"Let" as a principal verb is translated by dejar or permitir; as an auxiliary it corresponds to the Spanish imperative mood—
Let him speak: Déjele V. hablar, or Permítale V. que hable. Let him ask for it and we shall give it to him: Pídalo (or que lo pida) y se lo daremos.
"To let (or hire) a house"—"alquilar (una casa)"—I have let my house:
He alquilado mi casa.