INDEX

A
Abstract and general ideas, [57]
Abstraction, [166];
germs of, [332] ff.
Acceleration, [250]
Accommodation defined, [36]
Acquired characters, inheritance of, [35], [110]
Acquired instincts (Wundt), [66], [106]
Acquisition defined, [36];
ultimately dependent on natural selection, [289]
Adaptation defined, [37]
Addison on instinct, [63]
Æsthetics, animal, [270]
Afferent and efferent impulses, [32], [101]
Aid, mutual, among animals, [227]
Ammophila mode of stinging prey, [75];
of carrying prey, [76];
deposition of egg, [77];
intelligent behaviour of, [127]
Amœba, [296]
Antlers of deer, [15]
Ants, behaviour of, [123];
intercommunication of, [198];
social communities of, [205]
Aporus, intelligent behaviour of, [126]
Appreciation, germs of, [273]
Ardour of male in courtship, [269]
Argyromœba, instincts of, [79]
Arrest of development in egg, [14]
Association in coalescent situation, [46]
Attention, [242]
Audubon on American night-hawks, [261]
Avebury, Lord, on ants, [198];
on Van, [200];
on aphides and ants, [214];
on slave ants, [215];
on intelligence of ants, [218]
B
Baldwin, Prof. Mark, on organic selection, [37] (note), [115];
on functional selection, [163];
on imitation, [179] ff.;
on projective stage of development, [275]
Batesian mimicry, [165]
Bechstein on canaries, [262]
Bees, homing of, [131];
social communities of, [205]
Beetle soliciting food from ant, [213]
Bembex mode of carrying prey, [76]
Bethe, Dr., on instinctive behaviour of ants, [217]
Binet, M., on infusoria, [6]
Biological value of play, [250];
purpose, [294];
aspect of animal behaviour, [305]
Birch-weevil, leaf-case of, [121]
Birds, instinct of, [84]
Bison, behaviour of the, [226]
Blackburn, Mrs. Hugh, on instinct of cuckoo, [90]
Blockmann, Dr., on componotus, [210]
Bolton on goldfinches’ nests, [136]
Bower-bird, observations on, [261], [273]
Buckman, Mr. S. S., on speech of children, [203]
Budgett, Mr. John S., on nest-building, [135]
Bullfinch, nest of, [135]
C
Cameron, Mr., on mimetic insects in ants’ nest, [212]
Canaries’ nest, building of, [135]
Canon of interpretation, [270]
Capacity, innate, [176]
Capuchin monkey, imitation in, [188], [278]
Carpenter, W. B., on water-beetle, [299]
Catasetum, fertilization of, [29]
Cats, Prof. Thorndike’s experiments on, [147], [184]
Causation, idea of, [257]
Cell-division in egg, [14]
Cerceris, instincts of, [74];
locality studies of, [129]
Chalicodoma, parasites of, [78];
Fabre’s observations on, [130]
Chick swimming, [85];
instincts of, [85] ff.;
imitation in, [183]
Child-study, desirability of, [155], [337]
Choice, apparent in Paramecia, [9];
in the pairing situation, [266]
Ciliary action in Paramecium, [4–10]
Circular process (Baldwin), [181]
Clepsine, behaviour of, [159]
Coalescence in conscious situation, [46]
Coincident variations defined, [37];
survival of, [115], [174]
Communities, social, of bees and ants, [205]
Companion as centre of special interest, [244]
Componotus, communities of, [210]
Conation and impulse, [187], [235]
Concept, nature of, [167]
Condensation of experience, [163]
Conduct implies motive, [60];
and ideal, [278]
Congenital responses, [41]
Conjugation in Paramecium, [4]
Connate instincts, [66], [69]
Conscience, ambiguity of word, [281]
Conscious accompaniments of certain organic changes, [42];
aspect of instructive behaviour, [99]
Consciousness, as accompaniment and as guide, [34];
effective, defined, [43];
as heir to organic estate, [52];
as epiphenomenon, [306]
Consentience, [53], [62]
Consonance of biological and psychological end, [286], [316]
Constancy of environment leads to stereotyped behaviour, [173]
Continuity in evolution, [324];
threefold aspect of, [329]
Control, the sign of effective consciousness, [43]
Co-ordinated acts, [69], [100];
inherited, [94], [95]
Corporate behaviour, [14]
Courtship in animals, [259]
Coyness of female birds, [264] ff.
Cranial sense-organs, [301]
Crayfish, reflex action in, [298]
Creation, special, [297]
Criteria of effective consciousness, [43];
of intelligence, [120]
Cruelty in cat, [277]
Cuckoo, instinct of nestling, [90]
D
Darwin, Charles, fig. of sun-dew leaf, [26];
of Venus’s fly-trap, [27];
of catasetum, [31];
on earthworms, [158];
on social life of animals, [225];
on human ancestry, [229];
on play and practise, [259];
on sexual selection, [262] ff.;
on law of battle, [313]
Davis, Prof. Ainsworth, on limpets, [156]
Dean, Dr. Bashford, on chick swimming, [85]
Deceit in animals, [280]
Deferred instincts, [70]
Definiteness of instinctive behaviour, [66]
Description, involves relational terms, [202]
Didunculus, changed habits in, [221]
Differentiation and integration of nerve-centres, [167]
Disintegration of instincts, [176]
Diving, instinctive, [86]
Dog, observations on, intelligence of, [141] ff., [152], [200], [271], [322]
Duckling, inherited co-ordination in, [96]
Dytiscus, instinct of, [104]
E
Earthworms, Darwin’s observations on, [158] ff.
Education in play, [255], [320] ff.
Effective consciousness defined, [43]
Efferent and afferent impulses, [32], [101]
Egg, cell-division in, [14]
Eimer, Th., on instincts of solitary wasps, [73];
on origin of instincts, [108]
Emotions, and feelings, [235] ff.;
psychological nature of, [246];
evolution of, [282]
Energy stored in cell, [23]
Equilibrium, tendency to, [296]
Eristalis, mimicry of, [164]
Espinas, Prof., on social life of animals, [230]
Ethics, animal, [270]
Evolution of organic behaviour, [35];
of consciousness, [61];
of instinctive behaviour, [106];
of intelligent behaviour, [155];
of social behaviour, [225];
of feeling and emotion, [282];
of animal behaviour, [295];
as continuous, [324] ff.
Experience, of value for future guidance, [44];
is it inherited? [48], [97];
condensation of, [163]
Experimentation, [251], [253]
Explanation, characteristic of later phases of mental development, [58], [257]
Explosive nature of cell, [21]
Expression of emotions, [247]
External stimuli to instinctive behaviour, [102]
F
Fabre on behaviour of Sphex, [77], [172];
of Chalicodoma, [78], [129];
of Leucopsis, [79];
of Pompilus, [129]
Faculty, instinctive, [64]
Falcons, training of, [137]
Fear in birds not inherited in specific direction, [49], [110]
Feelings and emotion, [235] ff.;
evolution of, [282];
feeling-tone, [240]
Ferns, fertilization of, [24]
Fertilization of ferns, [24];
of Valisneria, [28];
of orchids, [29]
Finn, Mr. Frank, on the acquisition of experience by young birds, [50]
Fission, reproduction of Paramecium by, [4]
Flight, instinctive, [86]
Forel on Componotus, [211]
Foster, Sir Michael, on consciousness accompanying reflex action in pithed frog, [33]
Frog, reflex action in, [33], [299], [300]
Functional selection, [163]
Fungus garden of ants, [216]
G
Garner, Mr. R. L., “The Speech of Monkeys,” [198]
Gas-engine, analogy of, [20]
General and abstract ideas, [57];
generalization, [167];
germs of, [332] ff.
Generic image, [162];
situations, [163]
Germinal substance, continuity of, [328]
Gould, Dr., on humming-birds, [273]
Green, Mr. E. G., on ants, [210]
Greenfinch, nest of, [135]
Groos, Prof., on instinct, [64];
origin of, [116];
on imitation, [187];
on animal play, [248] ff.;
on “Love Play,” [259];
on coyness of female birds, [264];
on choice in mating, [267];
on make-believe, [280]
H
Habits and habitual acts, [107], [177]
Hague on ants, [199]
Hamerton, P. G., on trained dog, [152]
Hancock, Dr. John, on cuckoo, [92]
Heredity and circumstance, [39];
twofold aspect of, [40];
relation of to use, [170], [177];
in evolution as continuous, [326]
Homing of bees, [131]
Homœopathic influence defined, [36]
Honey-pot ant, [215]
House-martin, nest-building of, [113]
Hudson, Mr. W. H., on fear in birds, [49], [50], [110];
on animal gladness, [317]
Hunting play, [254]
Huxley, T. H., on reflex action in frog, [300];
on consciousness as epiphenomenon, [306] ff.;
on consciousness as product of nervous changes, [330]
Hyde, Mr., on king-crab, [298]
Hydractinia, colonial polype, [206]
I
Ideals, distinguish ethics, [278]
Ideational stage of mental development, [59]
Imitation, [179] ff.;
three stages of in child, [192]
Impulse in intelligent behaviour, [60];
Prof. Thorndike’s use of the term, [186];
connection of with conative process, [235]
Independence of automatic and controlling centres, [43]
Infant, congenital responses in, [54]
Influence of intelligence on instinct, [169]
Inheritance of acquisitiveness, [40]
Innate capacity, [176];
likes and dislikes, [119]
Insects, instinctive behaviour in, [71];
intelligent behaviour in, [123]
Instinct, broader and narrower view of, [99];
primary and secondary, [108], [109];
influence of intelligence on, [169];
priority of, to intelligence, [173];
disintegration of, [175]
Instinctive behaviour defined, [63];
in insects, [71];
in birds, [84];
conscious aspect of, [98]
Integration and differentiation of nerve-centres, [167]
Intelligence lapsed, [107];
influence of, on instinct, [169];
of ants, Lord Avebury on, [218];
biological importance of, [310]
Intelligent behaviour, [117];
evolution of, [155]
Intelligent process distinguished from rational, [59], [138]
Intercommunication, [193], [336]
Interest, [243]
Internal factors in instinctive behaviour, [102]
Irritability, fundamental, property of protoplasm, [240], [296]
J
James, Prof. Wm., theory of emotions, [246], [292]
Jays, bathing of, [89];
mode of taking food, [94]
Jenner on cuckoo, [92]
Jennings, Dr. H. S., on behaviour of Paramecia, [5]
K
Kerner, Dr., on sun-dew, [26];
on sensitive Oxalis, [27];
on Valisneria, [29]
King-crab, reflex action in, [298]
Knight, Andrew, on Norwegian ponies, [110]
Kropotkine, Prince, on mutual aid among animals, [227]
L
Lamarckian hypothesis, [169], [171], [177]
Language, nature of, [195]
Lankester, Prof. E. Ray, on small-brained mammal, [168]
Lapwing, instinctive behaviour of, [113]
Law of battle, [313]
Leech, observation on, [159]
Leucopsis, instincts of, [79]
Lewes, G. H., on lapsed intelligence, [107]
Limpets, observations on, [156]
Lindley, Dr., on children, [141]
Locality, studies by wasps, [128]
Locke, John, limitations of animals, [167]
M
Mackenzie, Prof. J. S., on ethics, [278];
on conscience, [281];
on ambiguity of word “pleasure,” [285]
Make-believe, [280]
Mammals, early small-brained, [168]
Manipulation (Stout), [251]
Marchal, Prof., on instincts of Cerceris, [74]
Marshall, Mr. H. R., on instinct, [66]
Martin, nest-building of, [113]
Martineau, James, on pleasure and pain, [284]
Maupas, M., observations on infusoria, [4]
Mayer, Dr. A. G., on mating instinct of moths, [83]
McCook, Dr., on ants, [214]
Meaning, Dr. Stout’s use of term, [46], [243], [268]
Medlicott, Mr. H. B., on behaviour of wild pigs, [196]
Megapodes, instinctive flight of, [87]
Meloë, instincts of, [81]
Mental development, stages of, [48], [56]
Mercier, Dr. Charles, on criteria of intelligence, [120]
Metaphysical explanations, [19];
aspect of instinct, [64];
of impulse, [237];
of purpose, [294];
of will, [307];
of life, [325]
Mills, Prof. Wesley, on social influence on puppy, [220]
Miltogramma, parasitic fly, [134]
Mimicry, Batesian and Müllerian, [165];
intelligent aspect of, [311]
Modifiability, [171]
Modification, defined, [36];
relation of, to hereditary characters, [170]
Möller, Herr, on fungus garden of ants, [216]
Monistic hypothesis, [309], [315]
Monkey, capuchin, imitation in, [188]
Monodontomerus, instincts of, [79]
Moor-hen, diving of, [89]
Moths mating, instinct of, [83]
Motive in rational conduct, [60]
Movement plays, [251]
Müller, Prof. Max, on barrier between brute and man, [204]
Müllerian mimicry, [165], [166]
Mystery of life, [18]
N
Natural selection, shielding of chicks from, [111];
under uniform and variable circumstances, [175];
in playtime of life, [319]
Nervous arc, [33];
system of higher animals, [297]
Nest-building, observations on, [135]
Noiré on concept, [167]
Norwegian ponies, [109]
Nucleus division, [12]
O
Object and subject, [245], [276]
Octopus, intelligence of, [158]
Œcophylla, behaviour of, [210]
Orchids, fertilization of, [29]
Organic basis of differentiation of consciousness, [53]
Organic behaviour in development, [15]
Organic selection, [37] (note), [115]
Overproduction of movements, [164]
Oxalis, sensitive, behaviour of, [27]
Oxybelus, mode of carrying prey, [76]
P
Paley, definition of instinct, [64]
Paramecium, behaviour of, [3], [296]
Partridge, note of young, [93]
Peckham, Dr. G. W., on instinct, [65];
on solitary wasps, [72] ff., [126] ff.
Pecking instinct of chicks, [93]
Peewit, note of young, [93]
Pelopœus, instincts of, [72]
Perceptual stage of mental development, [59]
Personality, [245], [257]
Pheasants, note of young, [92];
inherited co-ordination in, [95];
plumage of Argus, [262]
Philanthus, prey of, [73];
mode of stinging prey, [74]
Physiological aspect of animal behaviour, [295]
Pigeons, nests of, [136]
Pigs, wild, behaviour of, [196]
Plants, behaviour of, [24]
Plastic period of life, [168]
Plasticity of tissues, [40];
of behaviour, [172]
Play of animals, [248] ff.;
biological value of, [250];
psychological aspect of, [256], [311], [316]
Playne, Mr. H. C., on pigeons’ nests, [136]
Pleasure, [241];
ambiguity in word, [285]
Polistes, locality studies of, [131]
Pompilus, mode of carrying prey, [76];
Fabre’s observation on, [129]
Presentative elements distinguished from re-presentative, [46]
Primary instincts (Romanes), [108]
Projective stage of mental development, [275];
senses, [304]
Pronuba, instinct of, [82]
Propensity, instincts as, [64];
congenital, [176]
Protoplasm, fundamental properties of, [296]
Psychological aspect of play, [256];
purpose, [294];
aspect of animal behaviour, [315]
R
Rational process distinguished from intelligent, [59], [138]
Reflex action, [31], [35], [298] ff.;
relation of instinct to, [70]
Relationships, importance of, [202]
Re-presentative elements distinguished from presentative, [46]
Rhynchites, instinct of, [121]
Romanes, G. J., on “discrimination” and “perception” in plants, [32];
on instincts of solitary wasps, [73];
definition of instinct, [99];
on primary and secondary instincts, [108], [109];
on ants, [126];
on general ideas, [166];
on animal communication, [201];
on cruelty in cat, [277]
Romanes, Miss, observations on capuchin monkey, [188], [278]
Roots of spinal nerves, [299]
Rothney, Mr. G. A. G., on Indian ants, [212]
S
Schneider, on octopus, [158]
Scott, Dr. D. H., on fern fertilization, [25]
Scratching in duckling, [96]
Sea anemone, diffused nervous system of, [32]
Secondary instincts (Romanes), [108], [109]
Segmental nature of central nervous system, [299]
Selection, functional, [163];
natural, shielding of chicks from, [111];
under uniform and variable circumstances, [175];
in playtime of life, [319];
sexual, [261] ff., [313]
Self, as ideal construction, [239]
Sentience, [62];
origin of, [330]
Sexual selection, [261] ff., [313]
Sharp, Dr. D., on birch-weevil, [121];
on Œcophylla, [210]
Shellard, Mr. E. J., observations on staghound, [144]
Sherrington, Prof., on emotion, [292];
on spinal animal, [298] ff.
Shock, effects of physiological, [302]
Simcox, Miss Edith, quoted, [320]
Sitaris, instincts of, [82]
Slave ants, [215]
Snails, observations on, [157]
Social behaviour, [179];
evolution of, [225]
Solitary wasps, instincts of, [72] ff.;
intelligence of, [126] ff.
Solomon Islands, rats of, [222]
Sounds emitted by young birds, [92]
Spalding, Douglas, on newly hatched turkeys, [49];
on instinct, [99]
Special creation, [297]
Speech, connection of, with rational process, [58], [233];
so-called, of monkeys, [198];
of children, [203];
aids passage from perceptual to ideational process, [337]
Spence, on instinct, [63]
Spencer, Mr. Herbert, on instinct and reflex action, [70];
on play due to surplus vigour, [248];
on pleasure and pain, [284], [287];
on survival, [288]
Sphex, mode of carrying prey to nest, [77], [172]
Spiders placed in crotch by wasps, [133]
Stereotyped behaviour, [172]
Sticklebacks, observations on, [130]
Stout, Dr. G. F., on “meaning” for consciousness, [46], [243], [268];
on ideational and perceptual stages of mental development, [59], [271];
on octopus, [158];
on conative process, [235];
on the self, [239];
on manipulation, [251];
on emotion, [293]
Strange, Mr., on bower-bird, [261]
Subject and object, [245], [276]
Sun-dew leaf, behaviour of, [25]
Swimming, instinctive, [85]
T
Tait, Lawson, on begging-cat, [110]
Tarde, M., on imitation as a social factor, [179]
Tendencies, congenital, [176]
Thomas, Mr. Oldfield, on rats of Solomon Islands, [222]
Thorndike, Dr., on swimming of chick, [85];
experiments on intelligence, [147] ff.;
experiments on imitation, [179], [183] ff.
Tradition, animal, [220]
Trial and error, method of, [139]
U
Unity of perceptual process, [240];
of biological purpose, [297]
Use, super-normal, [170];
relation of, to heredity, [171], [177]
V
Valisneria, fertilization of, [28]
Variation defined, [36];
origin of, [327]
Venus’s fly-trap, behaviour of, [26]
Vigour, play due to surplus, [248]
Volition as conative, [238]
W
Wallace, Dr. A. R., on sexual selection, [264]
Wallaschek, Mr., on play as surplus vigour, [248]
Wapiti, antlers of, [16]
Wasmann, Dr., on insects associated with ants, [213]
Wasps, solitary, instincts of, [72] ff.;
intelligence of, [126] ff.
Weir, Mr. Jenner, on canaries, [135]
Weismann, Prof., on origin of instinct, [109]
Whitman, Prof., on Clepsine, [159]
Whitmee, Rev. S. J., on tooth-billed pigeon, [221]
Will, metaphysics of, [307]
Williston, Dr. S. W., observation on Ammophila, [127]
Wood, Mr. Foster, on hen-swimming, [86]
Worcester, Dr., on megapode, [87]
Wundt, Prof., on instinct, [65], [99], [106]
Y
Youth, plasticity of, [168]
Yucca moth, instincts of, [82]

THE END

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