APPENDIX.
Pictorial representation
of the bow-strokes.
The signs in general use indicating the down and up strokes, are these ┌─┐ ٧.
The first sign indicates the lower end of the bow, or nut (Ger. “Frosch”), the second, the upper part or point (“Spitze”).
Hermann Schroeder, in his edition of Kreutzer’s 42 Studies (dedicated to Joachim), has introduced a further development of these signs. They are not placed in their usual position, but sideways.
Example:—
The same in a simpler and more condensed style.
Read from the left, the bowings in the first example are shown together with their notes, and the signs of up and down strokes are then to be found in their ordinary positions. The editor of the Studies has, however, given the preference to the employment of the second manner of writing these, on account of the simplified and easily produced representations of the bow, and also because of the compressed form of the bowing strokes given below it. The pictorial signs for the bowing are more particularly for use in such studies as exemplify different methods of playing, or such as have groups of repeated phrasings and bowings; in the remaining studies they are employed wherever the ordinary signs and terms do not suffice to show the relative extent of the distribution of the bow.