30. HEDWIGIA. Ehr.
190. H. ciliata. Hedw. Monoicous; dichotomously branched, rooting at base only; l. crowded, spreading, sometimes secund, ovate-lanceolate, concave, margin recurved below, apex diaphanous, prolonged to a blunt point and strongly toothed on each side; per. l. with apex laciniate; caps. immersed globose; lid convex with a short beak; calyp. conical, sometimes hairy.
Rocks in mountainous districts. N. Wales, Arthur’s Seat, &c. III.
Bry. Brit, gives as varieties—
β. leucophæa. l. more crowded and spreading, wider and with longer diaphanous points. γ. secunda. procumbent slender; l. more distant, secund, sub-muticous. δ. viridis. l. scarcely secund; spreading, deep green, scarcely diaphanous at apex. ε. striata. l. plicate much recurved; lid conical.
31. HEDWIGIDIUM. B. & S.
191. H. imberbe. B. & S. St. 1–3in. irregularly, not dichotomously branched, flagelliferous; l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, imbricate when dry, margin recurved, apex not diaphanous, but slightly crenate; caps. exserted on a short seta, spherical or obovate; lid with a blunt slightly oblique beak; calyptra cucullate, reddish.
Rocks. Wales and Ireland. X. XI.
32. GRIMMIA. Ehr. B. & S.
Sect. I. Schistidium. Caps. smooth, immersed on a very short straight seta, calyptra small, cleft at base into several lobes.
192. G. confertum. B. & S. Cæspitose; intense green above, blackish below; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering in the upper ones to a short hair point; margins slightly recurved and thickened, nerve strong, deeply channelled on its upper side; caps. small ovate, with a rostellate lid, almost pellucid; per. teeth much perforated, pale or orange-red.
Rocks, Scotland. II. III.
β. urceolare. caps. urceolate; leaves with white points. γ. obtusifolium. l. all obtuse, shorter and broader. δ. incana. (G. pruinosa. Wils. MS.) more robust, per. l. broader with long hair points; caps. more elongate, per. teeth stronger, nearly entire red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., N. S., vol. I., 195.] Trap rocks. King’s Park (Greville); Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh (Bell); Fife (Howie).
193. G. apocarpum. B. & S. Loosely cæspitose; l. spreading lanceolate acuminate from an ovate erect base, upper ones with white points, margins much recurved; nerve ceasing below apex; per. l. larger with a thinner nerve; caps. elliptical, not pellucid, with an oblique beaked lid; per. teeth dark red; calyptra divided at base.
Rocks and walls, sometimes on trees. XI.–III.
var. β. gracile. per. l. secund, others sub-secund or spreading, stem decumbent elongated. γ. rivulare. st. fasciculate, l. ovate-lanceolate dark green obtuse; caps. turbinate. (By streams.) δ. strictum. l. reddish brown, rigid.
194. G. maritimum. B. & S. Cæspitose, dull green or brownish; l. rigid, not hair-pointed, straight lanceolate acuminate, keeled; nerve strong, reddish brown, excurrent, margin plane; caps. obovate with a rostellate lid; per. teeth large and perforate.
Rocks near the sea. Scotland. XI. XII.
Sect. II. Gastero-grimmia. Plants very short pulvinate; caps. slightly emerging, ventricose on one side, on a short curved seta; calyptra five-lobed or cucullate.
195. G. anodon. B. & S. In small hoary cushions; l. lower minute loosely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate muticous, upper larger, broadly oblong-lanceolate concave, nerve excurrent into long serrated hair; basal cells elongate pellucid, above quadrate opaque; caps. immersed, oval gymnostomous, strongly ventricose; lid plano-convex: monoicous.
Walls and dry limestone rocks. Arthur’s Seat (Bell).
196. G. crinita. Brid. In loose flat silky tufts; l. imbricate, lowest lanceolate, muticous, upper obovate-oblong channelled, the broad diaphanous apex continued into a long hair, nerve not reaching apex; basal cells elongate diaphanous, upper large rounded thickened; caps. ovate, lightly striate, sub-cernuous, furrowed when dry; lid convex with an obtuse point; cal. dimidiate, two-lobed: monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. N. S., vol. I., 195.]
Mortar of old walls and limestone rocks. Near Hatton, Warwick, 1872 (J. Bagnall).
Sect. III. Eu-grimmia. L. ending in a hair point; caps. plicate, exserted on a curved seta; cal. multifid at base, or with a single cleft at side.
197. G. orbicularis. B. & S. Densely pulvinate; l. oblong-lanceolate, rounded obtuse at apex, with nerve excurrent into a long hair point, basal cellules large; caps. almost spherical drooping on a curved yellowish seta, slightly striate; lid small convex; annulus narrow; per. teeth trifid, more distantly barred than the next; calyptra dimidiate: monoicous.
Limestone rocks. II. III.
198. G. pulvinata. Sm. Densely pulvinate; st. ½–1in. l. elliptic lanceolate, margin recurved, apex rather obtuse, terminated by the nerve excurrent into a long hair point; caps. drooping reddish brown, ovoid, eight-furrowed; lid convex with a straight beak; calyptra lobed at base; per. teeth dark red bi-trifid, annulus large: monoicous.
Rocks and walls. III. IV.
β. obtusa. lid short obtuse; caps. shorter.
199. G. Schultzii. Brid. L. crowded, sub-secund, lanceolate, tapering into a long rough diaphanous point, margins recurved; caps. slightly obovate, furrowed, on a very short curved seta; annulus large; per. teeth long tapering, deeply bifid; monoicous.
Sub-alpine rocks. E. S. W. IV. V.
200. G. subsquarrosa. Wils. MS. Dr. F. B. White. Bot. Soc. Edin. Trans, IX., 142. In lax dark green tufts, fuscous at base; st. ⅓–¾in. with dichotomous short curved branches; l. patent squarrose, erect and appressed when dry, lowest from an ovate base gradually lanceolate, muticous, upper longer and extended into a long denticulate hair point, nerve strong, margin recurved; basal cells quadrate hyaline, marginal narrow and elongate, above minute rounded quadrate. Fr. not known. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., p. 196.]
Rocks. Kinnoul Hill, Perth (Dr. B. White); Moncrieff Hill (Dr. Stirton); Arthur’s Seat and Braid Hills, &c.
201. G. robusta. Fergusson MS. In large loose tufts, black below, dark green and hoary above; br. fastigiate; l. erecto-patent, appressed when dry, keeled at back with the strong nerve, margin recurved below; lower short muticous, lanceolate from a contracted ovate base, upper longer, gradually tapering into a long smooth hair point; cells quadrate thickened, at centre of base longer, with a single row at margin of basal wing hyaline. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 196.]
Alpine rocks. Clova (Fergusson); Fairhead, Ireland, (Dr. Moore); Cardross and Bowling (Dr. Stirton); Ross-shire (Hunt).
202. G. contorta. Wahl. In small deep green soft tufts, black below and radiculose; l. patent incurved, curled when dry, lineal subulate from a lanceolate base, with short diaphanous hair points, keeled, margin recurved below: basal cells diaphanous elongate hexagono-rectangular, above sinuous and quadrate; per. l. erect sheathing; caps. small oval smooth yellowish, cernuous on a sub-arcuate seta, erect when dry, lid convex conical obtuse orange-red: dioicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 197; Schp. Syn. 210.]
Quartz rocks. Cheviots (Hardy); Cloch-na-ben (Sim); Glen Callater, &c. (Fergusson).
203. G. torquata. Grev. (G. torta. N. & H. Bry. Brit.) Loosely tufted elongate; st. 1–2in. dichotomous; l. lanceolate acuminate, spirally twisted when dry, channelled, occasionally hair-pointed; fruct. not known.
Alpine rocks. E. I. S.
204. G. funalis. Schwgn. (G. spiralis. H. & T. Bry. Brit.) Densely pulvinate; st. ½–1in. slender; l. oblong or ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent, upper ones tapering into a long hair point, nerve not excurrent; caps. ovoid, smooth, eight-furrowed when dry; lid short apiculate; annulus large compound; calyp. five-lobed at base; per. teeth closely bifid: dioicous.
Dry alpine rocks. E. S. I. X. XI.
205. G. Muhlenbeckii. Schpr. Loosely pulvinate and cæspitose; st. tall erect or procumbent dichotomous and rooting at base; l. densely crowded, patulous, erect when dry, elongate-lanceolate, keeled with the strong nerve, margin plane, lower with a short, upper with a long, rough hair point with recurved teeth; basal cells elongate, upper rounded quadrate; caps. small oval glossy, rugulose when dry yellowish brown, lid convex with a short beak, red. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., p. 197. Schp. Syn. p. 212.] VII.
206. G. trichophylla. Grev. Loose yellowish green tufts, ¼–1in. l. linear-lanceolate from an erect base, flexuose, tapering into a long diaphanous point, margin recurved at base, nerve not excurrent; caps. ovate-oblong, furrowed when dry, lid with a long straight beak; annulus larger; per. teeth bifid; calyp. lobed: dioicous.
Walls. E. S. I. IV. V.
207. G. Hartmannii. Schp. Loosely cæspitose, green above, black below; st. elongate procumbent rigid, arcuate ascending, dichotomous; l. elongate-lanceolate; upper ones secund, prolonged into a short smooth hair point, somewhat concave, margin more or less recurved; basal cells sinuouso-rectangular hyaline, above quadrate opaque; fruit not known. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 197. Sch. Syn. 214.]
Shaded quartzose rocks. Wales and Scotland.
208. G. elatior. B. & S. Robust, loosely cæspitose; fuscous green, hoary at top; st. sparingly branched elongate, from decumbent naked base ascending; l. very long curved patent, from oblong carinato-concave base longly lanceolate, margin revolute, ending in a long smoothish hair point; basal cells linear-rectangular, wider towards margin, above rounded opaque; caps. ovate ten-ribbed, when dry oblong deeply furrowed; lid conical muticous or sub-aciculate: dioicous. [Bry. Eur. III. Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 197.]
Granite rocks. Clova, 1868 (Fergusson).
Sect. IV. Guembellia. L. not curling, generally piliferous; caps. smooth on a straight seta; cal. multifid at base or cucullate.
209. G. Donniana. Sm. Stems ¼–½in. tufted, l. erecto-patent, lanceolate elongate narrow, tapering into a roughened hair point, margin plane; per. l. longer; caps. erect oval-oblong, slightly exserted, pale yellowish brown, lid obtuse conical; annulus small; per. teeth broad, sometimes perforate: monoicous.
Mountain rocks and walls. E. S. W. III. IV. X.
var. β. sudetica. l. with longer hair points; caps. immersed; lid conico-acuminate. γ. elongata. l. scarcely hair-pointed, caps. on a longish seta.
210. G. Ungeri. Juratzka. Compact irregular blackish green, hoary tufts; st. short simple or dichotomous; l. erecto-patulous, lower smaller muticous, upper larger lanceolate from an obovate base, ending in a long smooth hair point, margin plane; basal cells quadrate hyaline, above quadrate, then opaque and indistinct; caps. small oval smooth, without annulus, exserted on an erect pale brown seta; lid conical obtuse, calyp. cucullate: monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., 198.]
On earth in crevices of rocks at 1600 feet at Ballater (Rev. J. Fergusson).
211. G. ovata. W. & M. St. ½in. or more, branched fastigiate; l. spreading, erect when dry, lanceolate tapering into a roughish hair-point, nerve broad indistinct, margin recurved below; caps. ovoid erect exserted reddish brown, annulus large, lid rostellate, with a groove round its base; per. teeth narrow, cleft and perforate: monoicous.
Alpine rocks. Breadalbane and Clova; Snowdon; Charnwood Forest. X.—III.
212. G. leucophea. Grey. Dark green hoary tufts; st. ½in.; l. erect, spreading, when dry closely imbricate, upper ovate or elliptical concave, with very long hair points and plane margins, lower ones muticous; caps. smooth elliptical or oblong erect, exserted, with a short conico-rostellate lid, and large dehiscent annulus: dioicous.
Scotland, Devon. IV.
213. G. commutata. Hueb. Loosely tufted, blackish green, hoary at top; stems slender flexuose, naked below; l. lower small loosely imbricate, upper much longer ovate-lanceolate, from a broad upright base declining, shortly hair-pointed; per. l. three internal erect sheathing, longly pointed; basal cells rectangular, upper quadrate; caps. ovate or ovate-globose erect, smooth, exserted, lid acutely and obliquely rostrate, annulus broad. [Schp. Syn. p. 109. Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 198.]
Dry quartzose rocks. Moncreiff Hill, Perth (Dr. Stirton); Dunkeld (Dr. B. White); Clova, in fr. (Fergusson.)
Spring.
214. G. montana. B. & S. St. slender dichotomous; l. erecto-patent oblong-lanceolate with a long hair-point, very concave, margin erect; basal cells diaphanous quadrato-hexagonal, above minute rounded thickened opaque; caps. erect on a short seta, ovate small brown very smooth; lid, obliquely rostrate; calyptra large cucullate long beaked, annulus simple; per. teeth irregularly torn. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 199.]
Sandstone and granite rocks. Deeside, Aberdeenshire, 1869 (Prof. Barker and Mr. Roy); Bolt Head, Devonshire, in fruit (Mr. Holmes).
215. G. elongata. Kaulfuss. In loose cushioned tufts, black below, innovations olive green with hoary tips. St. slender, repeatedly dichotomous, naked below without radicles. L. patulous, lower lanceolate muticous, upper elongate-lanceolate obtuse with the apex diaphanous, margin erect, basal cells rectangular hyaline at margin, becoming minute and quadrate above; caps. ovate erect smooth pale brown, on a straight seta; lid conical obtuse, annulus narrow; per. t. lanceolate red entire or slightly perforate; calyp. multifid, long beaked. (Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 199.)
Alpine rocks. Glen Callater and Glen Phee, Clova, 1868 (Fergusson); near Glasgow (Dr. Stirton).
216. G. unicolor. Grev. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose, naked below; branches brittle flexuose; l. erect channelled lanceolate-subulate from an ovate base, obtuse, not hair-pointed, rigid, margin incurved, broadly nerved to apex; caps. ovate, nearly erect, with a large annulus and a long straight or slightly inclined beak: dioicous.
Alpine rocks, Clova. IV. (?)
217. G. atrata. Miel. St. cæspitose, 1–2in., l. blackish, rigid, erecto-patent lanceolate-subulate, carinate, margin reflexed, scarcely so obtuse as the last, with a thinner nerve scarcely reaching to apex. Caps. elliptic-oblong on a longer seta, with a large annulus and short rostellate lid: dioicous.
Alpine rocks. Snowdon, Glen Callater. X.–IV.
33. RACOMITRIUM. B. & S.
A. Dichotomously branched, innovations simple fastigiate.
218. R. (Dryptodon) patens. Bridel. Bry. Univ., I., 192. (Grimmia patens. Bry. Brit., p. 158.) In dark green or fuscous tufts; st. 2–4in. branched, decumbent and naked below; l. spreading or slightly secund, oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a blunt apex, margin recurved below, nerve strong two-winged at back; per. l. shorter; caps. almost obovate smooth, furrowed when dry, on a pale flexuose seta; annulus large; cal. five-lobed: dioicous.
Moist alpine rocks. S. I. W. IV. V.
219. R. ellipticum. B. & S. Blackish rigid tufts; st. 1in. decumbent and naked below; l. spreading from an erect base lanceolate oblong, strongly nerved to apex, margins plane thickened; caps. erect roundish smooth, on a short thick seta; lid large conical with a long slender subulate beak: dioicous.
Moist alpine rocks. Scotland, Wales, Ireland. XI.—IV.
220. R. aciculare. Brid. St. 1–3in. cæspitose, decumbent and naked at base, branches very leafy; l. spreading or secund, ovate-oblong or broadly lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes toothed at apex, to which the nerve does not reach; caps. erect oblong smooth, with a small mouth, and on a longer and thinner seta, lid with a long straight subulate beak: dioicous.
Wet mountainous rocks by streams. XI.—IV.
var. β. denticulatum. l. distinctly and distantly toothed at apex.
221. R. protensum. A. Braun. St. less rigid than last, and leafy at base; l. generally secund lanceolate-subulate obtuse, nerved to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cylindrical thinner, on a pale seta; lid with a long subulate beak; calyp. lobed at base; dioicous.
Moist alpine rocks. Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire. IV.
222. R. sudeticum. B. & S. St. slender, decumbent and naked at base, l. spreading recurved keeled lanceolate tapering into a long whitish diaphanous denticulate point; caps. small ovoid on a short seta, lid with a shorter acute beak. IV.
B. Branches irregular, with lateral ramuli; innov. not fastigiate.
* L. without diaphanous points.
223. R. fasciculare. Brid. St. 1–2in., decumbent at base, with upright innovations, fasciculate; l. crowded, from a broadish erect base lanceolate spreading, muticous, margins recurved, areolæ long narrow sinuous; caps. elliptical with a long subulate lid; calyp. copiously papillose.
Rocks. III.
* * L. with diaphanous points.
224. R. heterostichum. Brid. St. ½–1in., base decumbent, branches scarcely fasciculate; l. sometimes secund, lanceolate tapering to a long white denticulate point, margin recurved, areolæ long and sinuous below, above sub-quadrate; caps. sub-cylindrical, mouth very small; calyp. somewhat papillose at apex only; lid short obliquely rostrate.
Rocks and walls. E. W. I. III.
var. β. alopecurum. l. with short hair points; caps. smaller. γ. gracilescens. l. obtuse, caps. small, on a short seta.
225. R. microcarpon. Brid. St. slender fasciculate with short branches; l. spreading falcato-secund, lanceolate tapering to a short point, areolæ all long and sinuous; caps. small ovate, thin and pale, with a robust rostrate lid.
Highlands of Scotland.
226. R. lanuginosum. Brid. St. very long and slender, fasciculate; l. lanceolate tapering into a long strongly dentate point, sometimes secund or spreading from an erect base; areolæ sinuous; caps. small ovoid, on a short roughish seta, and with a long straight rostrate lid; calyp. papillose above.
Mountains, walls, rocks, and heaths. III.
227. R. canescens. Brid. St. 2–4in. decumbent at base; l. ovate-lanceolate tapering into a long denticulate point, recurved from an erect base, areolæ sinuous; caps. ovoid eight-striate when dry, with a very long subulate lid; calyp. papillose above.
Stony and sandy heaths. III.
var. β. prolixum. older innovations only with fasciculate ramuli. γ. ericoides. covered with fasciculate ramuli; l. squarrose.