INDEX

Abacus, [106] f.
Abruzzi, [196], [204], [222] f.
Adams, Henry, quoted, [12], [22], [188] f.
Adelaide, countess, [210].
Adelard of Bath, [177], [179], [238].
Africa, [196] f., [222], [232].
Aimé of Monte Cassino, [13], [200] f.
Alençon, [63], [178].
Alexander II, Pope, [74], [79], [165], [175].
Alfred, king, [34].
Alphonso VIII, king, [90].
Amalfi, [197] f., [204], [213], [232].
Amari, M., [216], [248];
quoted, [234].
Anacletus II, Pope, [210].
Andeli, [134].
Angers, [61–63].
Angoulême, [160].
Anjou, counts of, [61], [85];
relations with Normandy, [61–63], [85], [100], [112], [131], [136] f.
Anna Comnena, quoted, [201].
Anselm, [175–78].
Antioch, [212];
principality, [214–16].
Apulia, [186], [197–211], [222] f., [228], [238], [246].
Aquitaine, [87] f., [90], [100], [120] f., [136].
Arabic elements in Sicilian state, [226–30], [235], [238–44].
Architecture, Norman, [9–12], [102], [186–89];
Sicilian, [189], [241–44].
Archives, Norman, [9], [66] f., [105], [178].
Argentan, [10], [71], [133], [139], [153].
Arlette, mother of William the Conqueror, [53], [166].
Arnulf of Chocques, patriarch, [212].
Arnulf, bishop of Lisieux, [167].
Arthur, duke of Brittany, [136–39].
Assizes, Anglo-Norman, [94], [100], [111] f., [161];
Sicilian, [230] f., [234].
Aversa, [200], [204], [206].
Avranches, [172], [175], [178].
Avranchin, [28].
Avre, [7].
Bailli, [103], [145].
Barfleur, [132], [160].
Bari, [189], [197], [202], [232], [241].
Baudri of Bourgueil, [76].
Bayeux, [10], [46], [49], [67], [76], [150] f., [162], [166], [172], [187];
Black Book, [111].
See [Odo], [Turold], [Richard], [Philip d’Harcourt].
Bayeux Tapestry, [76] f., [80], [84], [151], [167].
Bayonne, [161].
Bec, [171], [185];
schools, [175] f.;
library, [177–80].
Becket, [4], [100], [118], [168].
Bellême, [154].
Benevento, [198], [203].
Benoît de Sainte-More, [184].
Bertaux, E., quoted, [197], [241].
Bessin, [10], [28].
Bibliographical notes, [24] f., [51], [83] f., [114] f., [147], [189–91], [216] f., [247–49].
Bisignano, [201].
Bocage, [10].
Boccaccio, [246].
Bocherville, Saint-Georges de, [169], [187].
Bohemond I, prince of Antioch, [207], [213–16].
Böhmer, H., quoted, [165].
Bonneval, [154].
Bordeaux, [88].
Boutmy, E., quoted, [101].
Breteuil, [154], [160].
Brittany, [6–8], [10], [57], [61], [75], [88], [136–39].
Bryce, James, Viscount, quoted, [43].
Buchanan, James, [17] f.
Bury St. Edmund’s, [173].
Caen, [10] f., [71], [133], [139], [143], [153], [160], [166], [172], [184];
abbeys, [12], [58], [160], [163], [171], [174], [186–88], [213].
Calabria, [176], [198], [201–11], [222], [226], [237], [246].
Caliphs, Fatimite, [196], [230].
Campania, [197], [222].
Canada, Normans in, [3] f., [13], [16].
Canaries, Normans in, [4], [13].
Canne, [199].
Canosa, [214].
Canterbury, [56], [81], [175].
Canute, king, [52], [54], [74], [194].
Cappella Palatina, [242–44].
Capua, [198], [207], [223], [228].
Carentan, [172].
Carlyle, Thomas, quoted, [101], [173].
Castles, Norman, [68] f., [102], [133–35], [139], [150–53], [163], [209].
Castrogiovanni, [209].
Caux, [8].
Cefalù, [189], [241].
Cerisy, [187].
Chancery, of Henry II, [96–99];
of Sicilian kingdom, [226] f.
Channel Islands, [144] f., [172], [184].
Charlemagne, [18], [31] f., [80], [86], [193] f.
Charles VII, king of France, [144].
Charles of Anjou, king of Naples, [221].
Charles the Simple, [27], [45].
Charte aux Normands, [142].
Charter, Great, [140], [142].
Chartres, cathedral, [169–71], [186], [194];
school, [177].
Château Gaillard, [9], [134] f., [139].
Chaucer, his ‘povre persoun,’ [169].
Cherbourg, [4] f., [59], [162].
Chinon, [116].
Chronicle, Anglo-Saxon, quoted, [32], [34], [55–58].
Church, Norman, [67], [71] f., [81], [100], [164] ff.;
the Greek, [198], [203], [209], [223], [225], [237], [241].
Civitate, [203].
Classics, Latin, in Norman libraries, [179];
at Monte Cassino, [235–37];
Greek, in Sicily, [239] f., [246].
Clermont, [211].
Clovis, [207].
Cluny, [164].
Colombières, [116].
Commerce, Norman, [4], [73], [81], [160–63];
Sicilian, [231–33], [242];
Viking, [37].
Compostela, [16], [193], [217].
Conan, [163].
Conches, [154].
Conquest, Norman, of England, [72–81];
its results, [81–83], [100] ff., [145] f.;
of Italy, [198] ff.;
the two compared, [223–25].
Constance, empress, [220].
Constantine the African, [236].
Constantinople, [194–96], [212], [214], [235] f., [240].
Corneille, [4], [12].
Cotentin, [28], [50].
Courcy, [154].
Coutances, [169], [172], [200];
cathedral, [10], [186] f.
See [Geoffrey de Mowbray].
Coutume de Normandie, [11], [48] f., [108], [142], [145].
Crusades, Normans in, [2], [89], [91], [100], [127–31], [184], [208], [211–17].
Curia regis, [103], [108], [227] f.
Danegeld, [34], [104].
Danelaw, [31].
Daudet, Alphonse, quoted, [5].
Davis, H. W. C., quoted, [15].
Delarc, O., quoted, [196].
Delbrück, H., quoted, [77] f.
Delisle, L., [4], [114], [189] f.;
quoted, [97].
Dieppe, [4] f., [160].
Dieulafoy, quoted, [135].
Dives, [75].
Domesday, [66], [110], [172], [229].
Domfront, [63], [154], [172].
Dover, [166].
Downing, E., [208].
Drogo of Hauteville, [200–02].
Duana, [228] f.
Dudo of Saint Quentin, [27], [47], [180].
Durham, [188].
Edrisi, [238–40].
Edward the Confessor, king, [73–75].
Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen, [89], [118], [120], [123], [184].
Emma, queen, [73].
Empire, Angevin, [85];
Eastern, [91], [94], [129], [197–99], [201] f., [206], [214–17], [222], [226–31], [243];
German, [87];
Holy Roman, [64], [86], [244];
Norman, [85–113];
its destruction, [116–39].
England, Normandy compared with, [5] f.;
Northmen in, [32–34];
before the Normans, [101–03], [223];
Norman Conquest, [52], [72–83];
results, [22] f., [100–13], [145] f., [151] f.;
loss of Normandy, [139–44].
Enna, [209].
Eryx, [208].
Escorial, [178].
Ethelred, king, [73].
Etna, [209], [239].
Eudes Rigaud, archbishop of Rouen, [168] f., [183].
Eugene of Palermo, emir, [239] f.
Eure, [7].
Évreux, [184], [187].
Exchequer, [11], [103–08], [142], [229].
Exmes, [71].
Falaise, [10], [53], [59], [133], [139], [153].
Fécamp, [160], [164], [171], [178].
Feudalism, [60], [64], [93], [133], [136–38], [233];
Norman, [67–69], [82], [145], [149–57];
in southern Italy, [209], [223–31].
Finance, Anglo-Norman, [69–71], [103–08];
Sicilian, [225], [228] f., [232] f.
Flanders, [61], [75].
Flaubert, G., [4], [8], [12];
quoted, [5].
Fontevrault, [117].
France, Normandy as a part of, [6] f., [16], [18–24], [48];
feudal relations with Normandy, [63–66];
government compared with that of Normandy, [64], [69–71];
geographical unity, [124–26];
how it conquered and absorbed Normandy, [126–44];
Norman influence on, [23], [144].
France, Anatole, quoted, [178].
Franks, Normandy under, [16], [20] f., [26].
Frederick Barbarossa, emperor, [86] f., [128] f.
Frederick II, king of Sicily and emperor, [24], [215], [219–21], [240], [245] f.
Freeman, E. A., [83];
on William the Conqueror, [53–56];
on the Norman Conquest, [73], [83], [101], [145] f.;
on the battle of Hastings, [77];
on Norman castles, [151];
on the abbeys of Caen, [188];
on Frederick II, [245].
Fulk Rechin, quoted, [62] f.
Gaeta, [197] f.
Gaimar, [184].
Gascony, [88–91], [100], [139], [161].
Gavrai, [172].
Genoa, [232].
Geoffrey, duke of Brittany, [120].
Geoffrey Malaterra, quoted, [13], [207].
Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou, [61–63].
Geoffrey de Mowbray, bishop of Coutances, [10], [186] f.
Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou, [85], [89], [99], [112].
Geoffrey, illegitimate son of Henry II, [116].
George of Antioch, admiral, [226], [242].
Gilbert Crispin, abbot of Westminster, [175].
Giobair, Ibn, quoted, [243].
Giraldus Cambrensis, quoted, [117] f., [123].
Girgenti, [209].
Gisors, [132] f., [135] f.
Glanvill, [108].
Goethe, [219], [243].
Greek influences in southern Italy and Sicily, [198], [209], [219], [223], [225–31], [235], [237–46].
Green, J. R., quoted, [122].
Gregory VII Pope, [72], [165] f., [202], [204] f.
Grentemaisnil, [154].
Grimoud, [60].
Guernsey, [144] f.
Gummere, F. B., quoted, [41].
Guy of Amiens, [76].
Hamburg, [33].
Haro, [145].
Harold, king of England, [73–80].
Harold Fairhair, [28], [38].
Hastings, battle of, [75–80], [84], [151], [166], [202].
Hastings, Viking leader, [33].
Hauteville, house of, [2], [200–02], [207], [209], [213]. See [Robert Guiscard], [Roger].
Havre, Le, [4] f.
Henricus Aristippus, [239] f.
Henry I, king of England, [89], [94], [105] f., [133], [160], [162] f., [181], [184], [229].
Henry II, king of England, [49], [85], [133], [219];
empire, [86–90];
European position, [87], [90] f.;
character, [92–94], [114], [117] f.;
government, [93–113], [153], [227–30];
death, [116] f., [154];
sons, [118–23];
relations with Philip Augustus, [127] f.;
privileges to Rouen, [161–63].
Henry V, king of England, [142].
Henry VI, king of England, [143].
Henry the Young King, [119–21], [123], [127], [154–57].
Henry I, king of France, [62] f., [65].
Henry III, emperor, [201].
Henry IV, emperor, [205].
Henry VI, emperor, [220].
Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, [90].
Historians, Norman, [47], [154], [180–84].
Hohenstaufen, in Sicily, [220] f.
Honorius II, Pope, [210].
Hugh Capet, [65].
Hugh of Amiens, archbishop of Rouen, [179].
Hugo, Victor, quoted, [144].
Humphrey of Hauteville, [200–02].
Iceland, [3], [12], [31], [43] f.
Ile-de-France, [7], [125].
Innocent III, Pope, [137].
Ireland, [22], [31], [33], [57], [85] f., [88], [90], [160], [162] f.
Italy, influence on Normandy, [175];
Normans in, [181] f., [192], [198–211], [218–49];
political condition ca. 1000, [196–98];
relation to Renaissance, [246].
James, Henry, quoted, [6].
Jersey, [144] f., [184].
Jerusalem, Normans at, [128], [130], [167], [193–95], [198] f., [212], [214].
Jews, in Sicily, [225], [242].
Joan of Arc, [10], [19], [143] f.
Jocelin of Brakelonde, [173].
John, king of England, [85] f., [116], [131] f., [154];
character, [122] f., [126] f.;
struggle with Philip Augustus, [136–39];
loss of Normandy, [139] f.
John VIII, Pope, [237].
John of Salisbury, [238].
John the Scribe, [232].
Jomvikings, [43] f.
Joppa, [130].
Jumièges, [9], [171], [187].
Jury, Anglo-Norman, [23], [109–13], [142], [146].
Justices, Anglo-Norman, [108];
Sicilian, [227] f.
Kensington rune-stone, [1].
Kent, [166] f.
Knights’ fees, [68], [78], [100], [145], [150], [229], [231].
Krak, [134].
Lanfranc, [175–78].
Laon, school of, [107], [177].
Laplace, [4], [12].
La Rochelle, [161].
La Roncière, Bourel de, quoted, [49].
Lavisse, E., quoted, [143].
Law, Norman, [11], [20], [23], [48] f., [69], [82], [108–13], [145] f., [224];
Roman, [137], [175–77], [179], [230] f., [236];
canon, [137], [168], [175–77], [179], [230].
LeMans, [63], [88], [116] f., [125], [160], [172].
Leo IX, Pope, [203].
Lessay, [187].
Libraries, Norman, [177–81];
south-Italian and Sicilian, [236–40], [242], [246];
papal, [240].
Limerick, [37].
Lindisfarne, [33].
Lire, [178].
Loire, relation to Plantagenet empire, [125], [128], [139] f.
Lombards, [175], [188], [192], [196–99], [222] f., [238].
London, [81], [162] f.
Lorraine, schools of, [107], [167].
Louis VII, king of France, [89], [118] f., [127].
Louis X, king of France, [142].
Luchaire, A., quoted, [70].
Lugdunensis Secunda, [9], [21], [26].
Luna, [33].
Lusignan, [138].
Luther, [18].
Lyons, [125].
Magna Græcia, [197], [238].
Mahan, A. T., [30].
Maine, [7], [10], [57], [62] f., [85], [87], [136].
Maitland, F. W., quoted, [48], [110], [113].
Malta, [221].
Manfred, [221], [240].
Mantes, [58].
Margam, Annals of, [139].
Margat, [134].
Marmoutier, [171].
Matilda, abbess of Caen, [174].
Matilda, empress, [85], [89], [163].
Matilda, queen, [11], [61], [77], [186–88].
Maupassant, [4], [8], [12].
Mediterranean, Northmen in, [33];
Normans in, [192] ff.
Meles, [198] f.
Melfi, council of, [204].
Messina, [129] f., [208], [237];
Straits of, [207], [210], [232].
Michelet, quoted, [11], [195].
Mileto, [210].
Millet, [4], [12].
Monasteries, plundered by Northmen, [35], [164];
Norman, [81], [164] f., [171–75];
their lands, [157] f., [171] f.;
schools, [175–77];
libraries, [177–80];
as centres of historical writing, [180–83];
relation to mediæval epic, [185];
their churches, [186–89];
south-Italian, [176], [181], [225], [235–37].
Monreale, [189], [241] f.
Mont-Saint-Michel, [10], [171];
peasants, [158];
property, [172];
buildings, [158], [173], [187], [189];
library, [173], [178].
See [Robert of Torigni].
Monte Cassino, [178], [235–37].
Monte Gargano, [198], [216].
Montelius, O., quoted, [37].
Montfort, [133].
Montpellier, [177].
Mortemer, [65].
Mosaics, in Sicily, [241] ff.
Nantes, [33].
Naples, [197] f., [222], [246].
Napoleon, [76].
Néel of Saint-Sauveur, [59].
Neilos Doxopatrios, [238], [240].
Nicæa, [52], [58], [195], [212].
Niccola Pisano, [246].
Nicholas II, Pope, [204].
Nietzsche, [18], [55].
Normandy, millenary of, [1–4], [25] f.;
compared with England, [5] f.;
general features, [6–8];
Upper and Lower, [8–11];
inhabitants, [11–16];
periods in its history, [17–22];
general importance, [22–24];
conquered by Northmen, [26–48];
how far Scandinavian, [48–51];
under William the Conqueror, [59–61], [66–72], [152] f.;
its archives, [66] f.;
relations with Anjou and Maine, [61–63];
with France, [63–65];
with England, [73–83];
centre of Plantagenet empire, [85–88];
influence on England, [100–13];
conquered by Philip Augustus, [131–41];
occupied by English in fifteenth century, [142–44];
final union with France, [17], [19], [144];
influence on France, [23], [141];
dialect, [49], [145], [224];
life of lords, [149–57];
of peasants, [157] f.;
of towns, [159–64];
church, [71] f., [81], [164–71];
monasteries, [171–75];
their schools, [175–77];
libraries, [177–80];
historians, [12], [47], [180–84];
vernacular literature, [184–86];
architecture, [186–89];
the ‘greater Normandy,’ [147], [182].
Normans, characteristics, [11–16], [192], [225], [247];
conquest of England, [52], [72–83], [223] f.;
in southern Italy and Sicily, [2–4], [13] f., [16], [22–24], [94], [150], [177], [181], [189], [192], [198–211], [218–49];
in Spain, [16], [181], [192], [195];
as pilgrims, [193–96], [198] f., [241];
on the Crusades, [2], [16], [91], [127–31], [182], [184], [211–17];
in Syria, [215] f.
See [Normandy].
Northmen, [12], [16] f.;
invasion of Normandy, [26] ff.;
causes and course of migrations, [29–31];
in Frankish empire, [31–35];
in England, [31–34];
their culture and organization, [35–44];
influence on Normandy, [48–51];
as Crusaders, [211].
Noto, [209].
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, [4], [57], [76], [166] f., [185] f., [212].
Ordericus Vitalis, his History, [154], [174], [178], [180–83];
quoted, [14], [176], [180], [199].
Orleans, schools of, [177].
Ouche, [181].
Palermo, Normans at, [189], [208], [210] f., [226], [231] f., [238] ff.;
churches, [230], [241] f.;
palace, [242–44].
Palestine, [128], [130] f., [134], [212–16].
Papacy, Normandy and the, [22], [72], [74], [79], [91], [136], [165], [168];
relations with southern Normans, [192], [200], [202–05], [210], [221], [238].
Paris, [33] f., [76], [96], [136–38], [140];
basin, [8], [125];
Parlement of, [141] f.;
university of, [177].
Paris, Gaston, quoted, [185].
Peasants, Norman, [157] f.
Peers, court of, [138] f.
Perche, [7].
Peter the Hermit, [211].
Petrarch, [246].
Pevensey, [75].
Philip Augustus, [19], [24], [95], [116], [122];
character, [126];
struggle with Plantagenets, [127–29], [131–39];
on the Third Crusade, [128–30];
policy in Normandy, [142], [163].
Philip d’Harcourt, bishop of Bayeux, [167];
his library, [178–80].
Picardy, [7] f.
Pilgrims, Normans as, [193–96], [198] f., [241].
Pisa, [221], [232].
Plantagenets, origin of, [61], [85], [89]. See [Henry II], [Richard], [John].
Plateæ, [228].
Poitiers, [88], [160].
Poitou, [62], [75], [88], [90], [100], [128], [138] f.
Pontorson, [160].
Poole, R. L., [114];
quoted, [107].
Powicke, F. M., [147];
quoted, [139], [141], [153].
Prentout, H., [24], [51], [147].
Provence, [90].
Quevilly, [163].
Rabelais, [169].
Racine, [11].
Ragnar Lodbrok, [42].
Ranulf, vicomte, [59].
Raven, Lay of the, [38].
Renaissance, of twelfth century, [235–40], [245] f.
Rhys, J., quoted, [49].
Richard the Lion-Hearted, king, [85], [95], [116], [153–55];
character, [120–22], [126], [129] f.;
Crusade, [127–31], [215];
struggle with Philip Augustus, [127–29], [131–36];
death, [136].
Richard of Aversa, [204].
Richard, abbot of Préaux, [180].
Richard, bishop of Bayeux, [177].
Richard Fitz-Neal, author of Dialogus, [104], [106].
Richard the Good, duke, [52], [73], [195].
Rigsmal, quoted, [38].
Robert Crispin, [195].
Robert Curthose, duke, [89], [96], [154], [212] f.
Robert the Devil, [52].
Robert Guiscard, [186], [200–08].
Robert the Magnificent, [52] f., [65], [195].
Robert of Selby, [229].
Robert of Torigni, [167], [172] f., [178], [180].
Roger I, the Great Count, [200], [202], [206–11], [225].
Roger II, king of Sicily, [24], [206], [210] f., [219–22], [225–34], [238–49].
Roger Borsa, duke of Apulia, [206] f., [213].
Roger of Toeni, [195].
Roland, Song of, [80], [184] f., [193].
Rollo, duke, [26–29], [42], [45] f., [184].
Romanesque, Norman, [12], [186–89].
Romans, Normandy under, [16], [20] f., [26];
southern Italy under, [197].
Rome, pilgrimages to, [194] f.;
Normans at, [205].
Rossano, [237].
Rouen, [1] f., [9] f., [21], [26], [46], [60], [73], [88], [95], [117], [133] f., [136], [139], [142], [144], [153], [172], [175], [178], [200];
described, [9], [162] f.;
churches, [2], [9], [12], [162] f., [169], [171], [187];
Établissements, [160–62];
commerce, [160], [162];
libraries, [178].
See [Eudes Rigaud].
Round, J. H., [77], [83], [114].
Russia, [30].
Saga, Burnt Njal, [11];
of Harold Fairhair, [28];
of St. Olaf, [46].
Saint-Céneri, [154].
Saint-Évroul, [154], [171], [173], [176], [178], [181–83], [195], [206]. See [Ordericus].
Saint-Lô, [10].
Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, Abbot Haimo, [170].
Saint-Sauveur, convent, [169].
Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte, [59].
Saint-Valéry-sur-Somme, [75].
Saint-Wandrille, [9], [51], [171].
St. Alexis, Life of, [184].
St. Francis, quoted, [11].
St. Gall, Monk of, quoted, [31].
St. Ives, [175], [179].
St. James, [193].
St. Michael, [198]. See [Mont-Saint-Michel].
Saintonge, [63].
Saladin, [128].
Salerno, [198–200], [205], [222], [232];
university, [177], [238].
Salutati, [246].
Salzmann, L. F., quoted, [91], [109], [118].
Saracens, of Syria, [128–31], [192], [212–14];
of Sicily, [192], [196], [198] f., [208] f., [223], [225];
of Spain, [192], [195].
Savigny, Congregation of, [171], [174].
Savoy, [90].
Schools, Norman, [175–77].
Seine, [7–9];
relation to Plantagenet empire, [125], [134] f., [139] f.
Seville, [33].
Sheriff, Anglo-Norman, [103–05], [107].
‘Sicilian monarchy,’ [210].
Sicily, Normans in, [2–4], [13] f., [16], [22–24], [75], [127], [177], [181], [189], [192], [201] f., [204], [206–11];
Norman kingdom of, [94], [105], [150], [210] f., [216], [218–49].
Simon, count, [210].
Sorel, A., [4], [25];
quoted, [7].
Spain, [75], [181], [232];
schools of, [177], [180], [235];
Normans in, [192], [195], [211].
Spatz, Wilhelm, [77].
Springer, A., quoted, [239].
Stamfordbridge, [75].
State, beginnings of modern, [93], [233] f.
Stephen, king, [69], [89], [162], [167].
Stubbs, William, [114];
quoted, [92] f., [102], [121].
Syracuse, [209].
Tagliacozzo, [221].
Taillefer, [79] f.
Tancarville, [9], [155].
Tancred, Crusader, [2], [213–16].
Tancred of Lecce, king of Sicily, [220].
Taormina, [209].
Thibaud, count of Blois, [62].
Thierry, abbot of Saint-Évroul, [195].
Thomas Brown, [229].
Tiglath-Pileser, [17] f.
Tinchebrai, [89].
Touraine, [62], [88], [131], [136].
Tournaments, [154–57], [189].
Tours, [62], [88], [116], [125], [132], [160], [177].
Towns, Norman, [81], [159–64].
Translators, Sicilian, [238–40], [246].
Trouville, [4].
Turks, [130] f.
Turold, bishop of Bayeux, [185].
Urban II, Pope, [210] f.
Val-des-Dunes, [54], [59].
Valognes, [10], [59] f.
Varaville, [54], [65].
Vavassor, [150].
Venice, [206], [232].
Venosa, [206].
Verneuil, [132], [160].
Verson, Conte des vilains, [158].
Vexin, [7], [125], [134].
Vicomte, [69], [71], [103], [145].
Victor III, Pope, [236].
Vidal de la Blache, quoted, [7].
Vikings, see [Northmen].
Vire, [10].
Vitalis, founder of Savigny, [174].
Voltaire, quoted, [86].
Wace, [76], [184];
quoted, [15].
Warfare, mediæval, [68] f., [77–79], [133–35], [152–54].
Westminster, [56], [95], [136].
William the Conqueror, [10], [14], [19], [163], [192];
descent, [52];
character, [53–59], [83], [85], [188];
early years, [59] f.;
relations with Anjou and Maine, [61–63];
with France, [63–65];
Normandy under, [66–72], [106], [151] f.;
relations with the church, [71] f., [165], [186–88];
invasion of England, [73–75];
battle of Hastings, [76–80];
crowned king, [81];
death, [58], [117].
William Rufus, king of England, [89], [212].
William I, the Bad, king of Sicily, [219], [221], [239] f., [246].
William II, the Good, king of Sicily, [90], [219], [221], [230], [241].
William III, king of Sicily, [220].
William, duke of Apulia, [207], [210].
William of Arques, [65].
William of Conches, [177].
William, prince, son of Henry I, [89].
William of the Iron Arm, [200] f.
William of Jumièges, [180].
William Longsword, duke, [46], [49].
William of Malmesbury, quoted, [14].
William Marshal, [154–57].
Winchester, [56], [163].
Witan, [74], [102].
Writs, of Henry II, [98], [111] f.;
of Sicilian kings, [227].
Xerxes, size of his army, [78].