RAPE OF PROSERPINE
BOOK I PREFACE
(XXXII.)
He who first made a ship and clave therewith the deep, troubling the waters with roughly hewn oars, who first dared trust his alder-bark to the uncertain winds and who by his skill devised a way forbidden of nature, fearfully at the first essayed smooth seas, hugging the shore in an unadventurous course. But soon he began to attempt the crossing of broad bays, to leave the land and spread his canvas to the gentle south wind; and, as little by little his growing courage led him on, and as his heart forgot numbing fear, sailing now at large, he burst upon the open sea and, with the signs of heaven to guide him, passed triumphant through the storms of the Aegean and the Ionian main.
BOOK I
(XXXIII.)
My full heart bids me boldly sing the horses of the ravisher from the underworld and the stars darkened by the shadow of his infernal chariot
mens congesta iubet. gressus removete profani.
iam furor humanos nostro de pectore sensus 5
expulit et totum spirant praecordia Phoebum;
iam mihi cernuntur trepidis delubra moveri
sedibus et claram dispergere limina lucem
adventum testata dei; iam magnus ab imis
auditur fremitus terris templumque remugit 10
Cecropium sanctasque faces extollit Eleusis.
angues Triptolemi strident et squamea curvis
colla levant attrita iugis lapsuque sereno
erecti roseas tendunt ad carmina cristas.
ecce procul ternis Hecate variata figuris 15
exoritur, levisque simul procedit Iacchus
crinali florens hedera, quem Parthica velat
tigris et auratos in nodum colligit ungues:
ebria Maeonius firmat vestigia thyrsus.
Di, quibus innumerum vacui famulatur Averni 20
vulgus iners, opibus quorum donatur avaris
quidquid in orbe perit, quos Styx liventibus ambit
interfusa vadis et quos fumantia torquens
aequora gurgitibus Phlegethon perlustrat anhelis—
vos mihi sacrarum penetralia pandite rerum 25
et vestri secreta poli: qua lampade Ditem
flexit Amor; quo ducta ferox Proserpina raptu
possedit dotale Chaos quantasque per oras
sollicito genetrix erraverit anxia cursu;
unde datae populis fruges et glande relicta 30
cesserit inventis Dodonia quercus aristis.
Dux Erebi quondam tumidas exarsit in iras
and the gloomy chambers of the queen of Hell. Come not nigh, ye uninitiate. Now has divine madness driven all mortal thoughts from my breast, and my heart is filled with Phoebus’ inspiration; now see I the shrine reel and its foundations totter while the threshold glows with radiant light telling that the god is at hand. And now I hear a loud din from the depths of the earth, the temple of Cecrops re-echoes and Eleusis waves its holy torches. The hissing snakes of Triptolemus raise their scaly necks chafed by the curving collar, and, uptowering as they glide smoothly along, stretch forth their rosy crests towards the chant. See from afar rises Hecate with her three various heads and with her comes forth Iacchus smooth of skin, his temples crowned with ivy. There clothes him the pelt of a Parthian tiger, its gilded claws knotted together, and the Lydian thyrsus guides his drunken footsteps.
Ye gods, whom the numberless host of the dead serves in ghostly Avernus, into whose greedy treasury is paid all that perishes upon earth, ye whose fields the pale streams of intertwining Styx surround, while Phlegethon, his rapids tossed in spray, flows through them with steaming eddies—do you unfold for me the mysteries of your sacred story and the secrets of your world. Say with what torch the god of love overcame Dis, and tell how Proserpine was stolen away in her maiden pride to win Chaos as a dower; and how through many lands Ceres, sore troubled, pursued her anxious search; whence corn was given to man whereby he laid aside his acorn food, and the new-found ear made useless Dodona’s oaks.
Once on a time the lord of Erebus blazed forth
proelia moturus superis, quod solus egeret
conubiis sterilesque diu consumeret annos
impatiens nescire torum nullasque mariti 35
inlecebras nec dulce patris cognoscere nomen.
iam quaecumque latent ferali monstra barathro
in turmas aciemque ruunt contraque Tonantem
coniurant Furiae, crinitaque sontibus hydris
Tesiphone quatiens infausto lumine pinum 40
armatos ad castra vocat pallentia Manes,
paene reluctatis iterum pugnantia rebus
rupissent elementa fidem penitusque revulso
carcere laxatis pubes Titania vinclis
vidisset caeleste iubar rursusque cruentus 45
Aegaeon positis aucto de corpore nodis
obvia centeno vexasset fulmina motu.
Sed Parcae vetuere minas orbique timentes
ante pedes soliumque ducis fudere severam
canitiem genibusque suas cum supplice fletu 50
admovere manus, quarum sub iure tenentur
omnia, quae seriem fatorum pollice ducunt
longaque ferratis evolvunt saecula fusis.
prima fero Lachesis clamabat talia regi
incultas dispersa comas:
“O maxime noctis 55
arbiter umbrarumque potens, cui nostra laborant
stamina, qui finem cunctis et semina praebes
nascendique vices alterna morte rependis,
qui vitam letumque regis (nam quidquid ubique
gignit materies, hoc te donante creatur 60
debeturque tibi certisque ambagibus aevi
in swelling anger, threatening war upon the gods, because he alone was unwed and had long wasted the years in childless state, brooking no longer to lack the joys of wedlock and a husband’s happiness nor ever to know the dear name of father. Now all the monsters that lurk in Hell’s abyss rush together in warlike bands, and the Furies bind themselves with an oath against the Thunderer. Tisiphone, the bloody snakes clustering on her head, shakes the lurid pine-torch and summons to the ghostly camp the armèd shades. Almost had the elements, once more at war with reluctant nature, broken their bond; the Titan brood, their deep prison-house thrown open and their fetters cast off, had again seen heaven’s light; and once more bloody Aegaeon, bursting the knotted ropes that bound his huge form, had warred against the thunderbolts of Jove with hundred-handed blows.
But the dread Fates brought these threats to naught, and, fearing for the world, gravely laid their hoary locks before the feet and throne of the lord of Hell, and with suppliant tears touched his knees with their hands—those hands beneath whose rule are all things set, whose thumbs twist the thread of fate and spin the long ages with their iron spindles. First Lachesis, her hair unkempt and disordered, thus called out upon the cruel king: “Great lord of night, ruler over the shades, thou at whose command our threads are spun, who appointest the end and origin of all things and ordainest the alternation of birth and destruction; arbiter thou of life and death—for whatsoever thing comes anywhere into being it is by thy gift that it is created and owes its life to thee, and after a fixed
rursus corporeos animae mittuntur in artus):
ne pete firmatas pacis dissolvere leges,
quas dedimus nevitque colus, neu foedera fratrum
civili converte tuba. cur impia tollis 65
signa? quid incestis aperis Titanibus auras?
posce Iovem; dabitur coniunx.”
Vix illa[119]: pepercit
erubuitque preces, animusque relanguit atrox
quamvis indocilis flecti: ceu turbine rauco
cum gravis armatur Boreas glacieque nivali 70
hispidus et Getica concretus grandine pennas
disrumpit pelagus, silvas camposque sonoro
flamine rapturus; si forte adversus aënos
Aeolus obiecit postes, vanescit inanis
impetus et fractae redeunt in claustra procellae. 75
Tunc Maia genitum, qui fervida dicta reportet,
imperat acciri. Cyllenius adstitit ales
somniferam quatiens virgam tectusque galero.
ipse rudi fultus solio nigraque verendus
maiestate sedet: squalent inmania foedo 80
sceptra situ; sublime caput maestissima nubes
asperat et dirae riget inclementia formae;
terrorem dolor augebat. tunc talia celso
ore tonat (tremefacta silent dicente tyranno
atria: latratum triplicem compescuit ingens 85
ianitor et presso lacrimarum fonte resedit
Cocytos tacitisque Acheron obmutuit undis
et Phlegethonteae requierunt murmura ripae):
[119] illa ς; Birt reads ille with the better MSS.
cycle of years them sendest souls once more into mortal bodies—seek not to break the stablished treaty of peace which our distaffs have spun and given thee, and overturn not in civil war the compact fixed ’twixt thee and thy two brothers. Why raisest thou unrighteous standards of war? Why freest the foul band of Titans to the open air? Ask of Jove; he will give thee a wife.”
Scarce had she spoken when Pluto stopped, shamed by her prayer, and his grim spirit grew mild though little wont to be curbed: even so great Boreas, armed with strident blasts and tempestuous with congealed snow, his wings all frozen with Getic hail as he seeks battle, threatens to overwhelm the sea, the woods, and the fields with sounding storm; but should Aeolus chance to bar against him the brazen doors idly his fury dies away and his storms retire baulked to their prison-house.
Then he bids summon Mercury, the son of Maia, that he may carry these flaming words to Jove. Straightway the wingèd god of Cyllene stands at his side shaking his sleepy wand, his herald cap upon his head. Pluto himself sits propped on his rugged throne, awful in funereal majesty; foul with age-long dust is his mighty sceptre; boding clouds make grim his lofty head; unpitying is the stiffness of his dread shape; rage heightened the terror of his aspect. Then with uplifted head he thunders forth these words, while, as the tyrant speaks, his halls tremble and are still; the massy hound, guardian of the gate, restrains the barking of his triple head, and Cocytus sinks back repressing his fount of tears; Acheron is dumb with silent wave, and the banks of Phlegethon cease their murmuring.
“Atlantis Tegeaee nepos, commune profundis
et superis numen, qui fas per limen utrumque 90
solus habes geminoque facis commercia mundo,
i celer et proscinde Notos et iussa superbo
redde Iovi: ‘tantumne tibi, saevissime frater,
in me iuris erit? sic nobis noxia vires
cum caelo Fortuna tulit? num robur et arma 95
perdidimus, si rapta dies? an forte iacentes
ignavosque putas, quod non Cyclopia tela
stringimus aut vanas tonitru deludimus auras?
nonne satis visum, grati quod luminis expers
tertia supremae patior dispendia sortis 100
informesque plagas, cum te laetissimus ornet
Signifer et vario cingant splendore Triones;
sed thalamis etiam prohibes? Nereia glauco
Neptunum gremio complectitur Amphitrite;
te consanguineo recipit post fulmina fessum 105
Iuno sinu. quid enim narrem Latonia furta,
quid Cererem magnamque Themin? tibi tanta creandi
copia; te felix natorum turba coronat.
ast ego deserta maerens inglorius aula
implacidas nullo solabor pignore curas? 110
non adeo toleranda quies. primordia testor
noctis et horrendae stagna intemerata paludis:
si dicto parere negas, patefacta ciebo
Tartara, Saturni veteres laxabo catenas,
obducam tenebris solem, compage soluta 115
lucidus umbroso miscebitur axis Averno.’”
“Grandchild of Atlas, Arcadian-born, deity that sharest hell and heaven, thou who alone hast the right to cross either threshold, and art the intermediary between the two worlds, go swiftly, cleave the winds, and bear these my behests to proud Jove. ‘Hast thou, cruel brother, such complete authority over me? Did injurious fortune rob me at once of power and light? Because day was reft from me, lost I therefore strength and weapons? Thinkest thou me humble and cowed because I hurl not bolts forged by the Cyclops and fool not the empty air with thunder? Is it not enough that deprived of the pleasant light of day I submit to the ill-fortune of the third and final choice and these hideous realms, whilst thee the starry heavens adorn and the Wain surrounds with twinkling brilliance—must thou also forbid our marriage? Amphitrite, daughter of Nereus, holds Neptune in her sea-grey embrace; Juno, thy sister and thy wife, takes thee to her bosom when wearied thou layest aside thy thunderbolts. What need to tell of thy secret love for Lato or Ceres or great Themis? How manifold a hope of offspring was thine! Now a crowd of happy children surrounds thee. And shall I in this empty palace, sans joy, sans fame, know no child’s love to still instant care? I will not brook so dull a life. I swear by elemental night and the unexplored shallows of the Stygian lake, if thou refuse to hearken to my word I will throw open Hell and call forth her monsters, will break Saturn’s old chains, and shroud the sun in darkness. The framework of the world shall be loosened and the shining heavens mingle with Avernus’ shades.’”
Vix ea fatus erat, iam nuntius astra tenebat.
audierat mandata Pater secumque volutat
diversos ducens animos, quae tale sequatur
coniugium Stygiosque velit pro sole recessus. 120
certa requirenti tandem sententia sedit.
Hennaeae Cereri proles optata virebat
unica, nec tribuit subolem Lucina secundam
fessaque post primos haeserunt viscera partus
infecunda quidem; sed cunctis altior extat 125
matribus et numeri damnum Proserpina pensat.
hanc fovet, hanc sequitur: vitulam non blandius ambit
torva parens, pedibus quae nondum proterit arva
nec nova lunatae curvavit germina frontis.
iam matura toro plenis adoleverat annis 130
virginitas, tenerum iam pronuba flamma pudorem
sollicitat mixtaque tremit formidine votum.
personat aula procis: pariter pro virgine certant
Mars clipeo melior, Phoebus praestantior arcu;
Mars donat Rhodopen, Phoebus largitur Amyclas 135
et Delon Clariosque lares; hinc aemula Iuno,
hinc poscit Latona nurum. despexit utrumque
flava Ceres raptusque timens (heu caeca futuri!)
commendat Siculis furtim sua gaudia terris
[infidis Laribus natam commisit alendam, 140
aethera deseruit Siculasque relegat in oras][120]
ingenio confisa loci.
Trinacria quondam
Italiae pars iuncta fuit; sed pontus et aestus
mutavere situm. rupit confinia Nereus
victor et abscissos interluit aequore montes, 145
[120] Heinsius bracketed these lines as spurious, and neither D nor V has l. 140.
Scarce had he spoken when his messenger trod the stars. The Father heard the message and, communing with himself, debated long who would dare such a marriage, who would wish to exchange the sun for the caves of Styx. He would fain decide and at length his fixed purpose grew.
Ceres, whose temple is at Henna, had but one youthful daughter, a child long prayed for; for the goddess of birth granted no second offspring, and her womb, exhausted by that first labour, became unfruitful. Yet prouder is the mother above all mothers, and Proserpine such as to take the place of many. Her mother’s care and darling is she; not more lovingly does the fierce mother cow tend her calf that cannot as yet scamper over the fields and whose growing horns curve not yet moonwise over her forehead. As the years were fulfilled she had grown a maiden ripe for marriage, and thoughts of the torch of wedlock stir her girlish modesty, but while she longs for a husband she yet fears to plight troth. The voice of suitors is heard throughout the palace; two gods woo the maiden, Mars, more skilled with the shield, and Phoebus, the mightier bowman. Mars offers Rhodope, Phoebus would give Amyclae, and Delos and his temple at Claros; in rivalry Juno and Latona claim her for a son’s wife. But golden-haired Ceres disdains both, and fearing lest her daughter should be stolen away (how blind to the future!) secretly entrusts her jewel to the land of Sicily, confident in the safe nature of this hiding-place.
Trinacria was once a part of Italy but sea and tide changed the face of the land. Victorious Nereus brake his bounds and interflowed the cleft mountains
parvaque cognatas prohibent discrimina terras.
nunc illam socia ruptam tellure trisulcam
opposuit Natura mari: caput inde Pachyni
respuit Ionias praetentis rupibus iras;
hinc latrat Gaetula Thetis Lilybaeaque pulsat 150
brachia consurgens; hinc indignata teneri
concutit obiectum rabies Tyrrhena Pelorum.
in medio scopulis se porrigit Aetna perustis,
Aetna Giganteos numquam tacitura triumphos,
Enceladi bustum, qui saucia terga revinctus 155
spirat inexhaustum flagranti vulnere sulphur
et, quotiens detractat onus cervice rebelli
in laevum dextrumque latus, tunc insula fundo
vellitur et dubiae nutant cum moenibus urbes.
Aetnaeos apices solo cognoscere visu, 160
non aditu temptare licet, pars cetera frondet
arboribus; teritur nullo cultore cacumen.
nunc movet indigenas nimbos piceaque gravatum
foedat nube diem, nunc motibus astra lacessit
terrificis damnisque suis incendia nutrit. 165
sed quamvis nimio fervens exuberet aestu,
scit nivibus servare fidem pariterque favillis
durescit glacies tanti secura vaporis,
arcano defensa gelu, fumoque fideli
lambit contiguas innoxia flamma pruinas. 170
quae scopulos tormenta rotant? quae tanta cavernas
with his waves whereby a narrow channel now separates these kindred lands. Nature now thrusts out into the sea the three-cornered island, cut off from the mainland to which it once belonged. At one extremity the promontory of Pachynum hurls back with jutting crags the furious waves of the Ionian main, round another roars the African sea that rises and beats upon the curving harbour of Lilybaeum, at the third the raging Tyrrhenian flood, impatient of restraint, shakes the obstacle of Cape Pelorus. In the midst of the island rise the charred cliffs of Aetna, eloquent monument of Jove’s victory over the Giants, the tomb of Enceladus, whose bound and bruised body breathes forth endless sulphur clouds from its burning wounds. Whene’er his rebellious shoulders shift their burden to the right or left, the island is shaken from its foundations and the walls of tottering cities sway this way and that.
The peaks of Aetna thou must know by sight alone; to them no foot may approach. The rest is clothed with foliage but the summit no husbandman tills. Now it sends forth native smoke and with pitch-black cloud darkens and oppresses the day, now with awful stirrings it threatens the stars and feeds its flame with the dread fruit of its own body. But though it boils and bursts forth with such great heat yet it knows how to observe a truce with the snow, and together with glowing ashes the ice grows hard, protected from the great heat and secured by indwelling cold, so that the harmless flame licks the neighbouring frost with breath that keeps its compact. What huge engine hurls those rocks; what vast force piles rock on
vis glomerat? quo fonte ruit Vulcanius amnis?
sive quod obicibus discurrens ventus opertis
offenso rimosa furit per saxa meatu,
dum scrutatur iter, libertatemque reposcens 175
putria multivagis populatur flatibus antra;
seu mare sulphurei ductum per viscera montis
oppressis ignescit aquis et pondera librat.
Hic ubi servandum mater fidissima pignus
abdidit, ad Phrygios tendit secura penates 180
turrigeramque petit Cybelen sinuosa draconum
membra regens, volucri qui pervia nubila tractu
signant et placidis umectant frena venenis:
frontem crista tegit; pingunt maculosa virentes
terga notae; rutilum squamis intermicat aurum. 185
nunc spiris Zephyros tranant; nunc arva volatu
inferiore secant, cano rota pulvere labens
sulcatam fecundat humum: flavescit aristis
orbita; surgentes condunt vestigia fruges;
vestit iter comitata seges.
Iam linquitur Aetna 190
totaque decrescit refugo Trinacria visu.
heu quotiens praesaga mali violavit oborto
rore genas! quotiens oculos ad tecta retorsit
talia voce movens: “salve, gratissima tellus,
quam nos praetulimus caelo, tibi gaudia nostri 195
sanguinis et caros uteri commendo labores.
praemia digna manent: nullos patiere ligones
et nullo rigidi versabere vomeris ictu.
sponte tuus florebit ager; cessante iuvenco
rock? Whence flows forth that fiery stream? Whether it be that the wind, forcing its way past hidden barriers, rages amid the fissured rocks that seek to bar its passage and, seeking a way of escape, sweeps the crumbling caverns with its wandering blasts in its bid for freedom, or that the sea, flowing in through the bowels of the sulphurous mountain, bursts into flame when its waters are compressed and casts up great rocks, I know not.
When the loving mother had entrusted her charge to the secret keeping of Henna she went freed from care to visit tower-crowned Cybele in her Phrygian home, driving a car drawn by twining serpents which cleave the pervious clouds on their wingèd course and fleck the bit with harmless poison. Their heads are crested and spots of green mottle their backs while sparkling gold glints amid their scales. Now they swim circling through the air, now they skim the fields with low-driven course. The passing wheels sow the plough-land with golden grain and their track grows yellow with corn. Sprouting stalks cover their traces and attendant crops clothe the path of the goddess.
Now is left behind Aetna, and all Sicily sinks lessening into the distance. Ah, how often, foreknowing of coming ill, did she mar her cheek with welling tears; how often look back upon her home with words like these: “Be happy, dear land, dearer than heaven to me, into thy safe keeping I commend my daughter, my sole joy, loved fruit of my labour. No despicable reward shall be thine, for thou shalt suffer no hoe nor shall the cruel iron of the ploughshare know thy soil. Untilled thy fields shall bear fruit, and though thine oxen plough not, a richer
ditior oblatas mirabitur incola messes.” 200
sic ait et fulvis tetigit serpentibus Idam.
Hic sedes augusta deae templique colendi
relligiosa silex, densis quam pinus obumbrat
frondibus et nulla lucos agitante procella
stridula coniferis modulatur carmina ramis. 205
terribiles intus thiasi vesanaque mixto
concentu delubra gemunt; ululatibus Ide
bacchatur; timidas inclinant Gargara silvas.
postquam visa Ceres, mugitum tympana frenant;
conticuere chori; Corybas non impulit ensem; 210
non buxus, non aera sonant blandasque leones
summisere iubas. adytis gavisa Cybebe
exilit et pronas intendit ad oscula turres.
Viderat haec dudum summa speculatus ab arce
Iuppiter ac Veneri mentis penetralia pandit: 215
“curarum, Cytherea, tibi secreta fatebor.
candida Tartareo nuptum Proserpina regi
iam pridem decreta dari: sic Atropos urget;
sic cecinit longaeva Themis. nunc matre remota
rem peragi tempus. fines invade Sicanos 220
et Cereris prolem patulis inludere campis,
crastina puniceos cum lux detexerit ortus,
coge tuis armata dolis, quibus urere cuncta,
me quoque, saepe soles, cur ultima regna quiescunt?
nulla sit inmunis regio nullumque sub umbris 225
pectus inaccensum Veneri. iam tristis Erinys
husbandman shall view with wonder the self-sown harvest.” So spake she and reached Mount Ida, drawn by her yellow serpents.
Here is the queenly seat of the goddess and in her holy temple the sacred statue, o’ershadowed by the thick leaves of the pine wood which, though no storm wind shakes the grove, gives forth creakings with its cone-bearing branches. Within are the dread bands of the initiate with whose wild chantings the shrine rings; Ida is loud with howlings and Gargarus bends his woods in fear. As soon as Ceres appears the drums restrain their rattle; the choirs are silent and the Corybantes stay the flourish of their knives. Pipes and cymbals are still, and the lions sink their manes in greeting. Cybele[121] rejoicing runs forth from the shrine and bends her towered head to kiss her guest.
Long had Jove seen this, watching from his lofty seat, and to Venus he thus enfolded the secrets of his heart: “Goddess of Cythera, I will impart to thee my hidden troubles; long ago I decided that fair Proserpine should be given in marriage to the lord of Hell; such is Atropos’ bidding, such old Themis’ prophecy. Now that her mother has left her is the time for action. Do thou visit the confines of Sicily, and armed with thy wiles, lead Ceres’ daughter to sport in the level meads what time to-morrow’s light has unfolded the rosy dawn; employ those arts with which thou art wont to inflame all things, often even myself. Why should the nether kingdoms know not love? Let no land be free and no breast even amid the shades unfired by Venus. At last let the gloomy Fury
[121] Cybele and Cybebe are alternative forms in Latin. The normal English form is Cybele.
sentiat ardores; Acheron Ditisque severi
ferrea lascivis mollescant corda sagittis.”
Accelerat praecepta Venus; iussuque parentis
Pallas et inflexo quae terret Maenala cornu 230
addunt se comites. divino semita gressu
claruit, augurium qualis laturus iniquum
praepes sanguineo dilabitur igne cometes
prodigiale rubens: non illum navita tuto,
non impune vident populi, sed crine minaci 235
nuntiat aut ratibus ventos aut urbibus hostes.
devenere locum, Cereris quo tecta nitebant
Cyclopum firmata manu: stant ardua ferro
moenia, ferrati postes, inmensaque nectit
claustra chalybs. nullum tanto sudore Pyragmon 240
nec Steropes construxit opus: non talibus umquam
spiravere Notis animae nec flumine tanto
incoctum maduit lassa cervice metallum.
atria cingit ebur; trabibus solidatur aënis
culmen et in celsas surgunt electra columnas. 245
Ipsa domum tenero mulcens Proserpina cantu
inrita texebat rediturae munera matri.
hic elementorum seriem sedesque paternas
insignibat acu, veterem qua lege tumultum
discrevit Natura parens et semina iustis 250
discessere locis: quidquid leve, fertur in altum;
in medium graviora cadunt; incanduit aër;
legit flamma polum; fluxit mare; terra pependit.
nec color unus erat: stellas accendit in auro,
feel the sting of passion and Acheron and the steely heart of stern Dis grow tender with love’s arrows.”
Venus hastes to do his bidding; and at their sire’s behest there join her Pallas and Diana whose bent bow affrights all Maenalus’ slopes. Neath her divine feet the path shone bright, even as a comet, fraught with augury of ill, falls headlong, a glowing portent of blood-red fire; no sailor may look on it and live, no people view it but to their destruction; the message of its threatening tail is storm to ships and an enemy’s attack to cities. They reached the place where shone Ceres’ palace, firm-built by the Cyclops’ hands; up tower the iron walls, iron stand the gates, and steel bars secure the massy doors. Neither Pyragmon nor Steropes e’er builded a work with toil so great as that, nor ever did bellows breathe forth such blasts nor the molten mass of metal flow in a stream so deep that the very furnaces were weary of heating it. The hall was walled with ivory; the roof strengthened with beams of bronze and supported by lofty columns of electron.
Proserpine herself, soothing the house with sweet song, was sewing all in vain a gift against her mother’s return. In this cloth she embroidered with her needle the concourse of atoms and the dwelling of the Father of the gods and pictured how mother Nature ordered elemental chaos, and how the first principles of things sprang apart, each to his proper place—those that were light being born aloft, the heavier ones falling to a centre. The air grew bright and fire chose the pole as its seat. Here flowed the sea; there hung the earth suspended. Many were the colours she employed, tricking the stars with gold and flooding the sea
ostro fundit aquas, attollit litora gemmis 255
filaque mentitos iamiam caelantia fluctus
arte tument: credas inlidi cautibus algam
et raucum bibulis inserpere murmur harenis.
addit quinque plagas: mediam subtegmine rubro
obsessam fervore notat; squalebat inustus 260
limes et adsiduo sitiebant stamina sole.
vitales utrimque duas, quas mitis oberrat
temperies habitanda viris; in fine supremo
torpentes traxit geminas brumaque perenni
foedat et aeterno contristat frigore telas. 265
nec non et patrui pingit sacraria Ditis
fatalesque sibi Manes; nec defuit omen,
praescia nam subitis maduerunt fletibus ora.
Coeperat et vitreis summo iam margine texti
Oceanum sinuare vadis; sed cardine verso 270
cernit adesse deas imperfectumque laborem
deserit et niveos infecit purpura vultus
per liquidas succensa genas castaeque pudoris
inluxere faces: non sic decus ardet eburnum,
Lydia Sidonio quod femina tinxerit ostro. 275
Merserat unda diem; sparso nox umida somno
languida caeruleis invexerat otia bigis,
iamque viam Pluto superas molitur ad auras
germani monitu. torvos invisa iugales
Allecto temone ligat, qui pascua mandunt 280
Cocyti pratisque Erebi nigrantibus errant
with purple. The shore she embossed with precious stones and cunningly employed raised threadwork to imitate the swelling billows. You might have thought you saw the seaweed dashed against the rocks and heard the murmur of the hissing waves flooding up the thirsty sands. Five zones she added; indicating that the centre was the torrid zone by embroidering it with red yarn: its desert confines are parched and the thread she used was dried by the sun’s unfailing heat. On either side lay the two habitable zones, blessed with a mild climate fit for the life of man. At the top and bottom she set the two frozen zones, portraying eternal winter’s horror in her weaving and the gloom of never-ceasing cold. Further she embroidered the accursèd seat of her uncle, Dis, and the nether gods, her destined fellows. Nor did the omen pass unmarked, for prophetic of the future her cheeks grew wet with sudden tears.
Next she began to trace Ocean’s glassy shallows at the tapestry’s farthest edge, but at that moment the doors opened, she saw the goddesses enter, and left her work unfinished. A glowing blush that mantled to her clear cheeks suffused her fair countenance and lit the torches of stainless purity. Not so beautiful even the glow of ivory which a Lydian maid has stained with Sidon’s scarlet dye.
Now the sun was dipped in Ocean and misty night scattering sleep had brought for mortals ease and leisure in her black two-horsed chariot; when Pluto, warned by his brother, made his way to the upper air. The dread fury Allecto yokes to the chariot-pole the two fierce pairs of steeds that grace Cocytus’ banks and roam the dark meads of Erebus, and,
stagnaque tranquillae potantes marcida Lethes
aegra soporatis spumant oblivia linguis:
Orphnaeus crudele micans Aethonque sagitta
ocior et Stygii sublimis gloria Nycteus 285
armenti Ditisque nota signatus Alastor.
stabant ante fores iuncti saevumque fremebant
crastina venturae spectantes gaudia praedae.
LIBRI SECUNDI PRAEFATIO
(XXXIV.)
Otia sopitis ageret cum cantibus Orpheus
neglectumque diu deposuisset opus,
lugebant erepta sibi solacia Nymphae,
quaerebant dulces flumina maesta modos.
saeva feris natura redit metuensque leonem 5
implorat citharae vacca tacentis opem.
illius et duri flevere silentia montes
silvaque Bistoniam saepe secuta chelyn.
Sed postquam Inachiis Alcides missus ab Argis
Thracia pacifero contigit arva pede 10
diraque sanguinei vertit praesaepia regis
et Diomedeos gramine pavit equos,
tunc patriae festo laetatus tempore vates
desuetae repetit fila canora lyrae
drinking the rotting pools of sluggish Lethe, let dark oblivion drip from their slumbrous lips—Orphnaeus, savage and fleet, Aethon, swifter than an arrow, great Nyctaeus, proud glory of Hell’s steeds, and Alastor, branded with the mark of Dis. These stood harnessed before the door and savagely champed the bit all eager for the morrow’s enjoyment of their destined booty.
BOOK II PREFACE
(XXXIV.)
When Orpheus sought repose and, lulling his song to sleep, had long laid aside his neglected task, the Nymphs complained that their joy had been reft from them and the sad rivers mourned the loss of his tuneful lays. Nature’s savagery returned and the heifer in terror of the lion looked in vain for help from the now voiceless lyre. The rugged mountains lamented his silence and the woods that had so often followed his Thracian lute.
But after that Hercules, setting forth from Inachian Argos, reached the plains of Thrace on his mission of salvation, and destroying the stables of Diomede, fed the horses of the bloody tyrant on grass, then it was that the poet, o’erjoyed at his country’s happy fate, took up once more the tuneful strings of his lute long laid aside, and touching its
et resides levi modulatus pectine nervos 15
pollice festivo nobile duxit ebur.
vix auditus erat: venti frenantur et undae,
pigrior adstrictis torpuit Hebrus aquis,
porrexit Rhodope sitientes carmina rupes,
excussit gelidas pronior Ossa nives; 20
ardua nudato descendit populus Haemo
et comitem quercum pinus amica trahit,
Cirrhaeasque dei quamvis despexerit artes,
Orpheis laurus vocibus acta venit.
securum blandi leporem fovere Molossi 25
vicinumque lupo praebuit agna latus.
concordes varia ludunt cum tigride dammae;
Massylam cervi non timuere iubam.
Ille novercales stimulos actusque canebat
Herculis et forti monstra subacta manu, 30
quod timidae matri pressos ostenderit angues
intrepidusque fero riserit ore puer:
“te neque Dictaeas quatiens mugitibus urbes
taurus nec Stygii terruit ira canis,
non leo sidereos caeli rediturus ad axes, 35
non Erymanthei gloria montis aper.
solvis Amazonios cinctus, Stymphalidas arcu
adpetis, occiduo ducis ab orbe greges
tergeminique ducis numerosos deicis artus
et totiens uno victor ab hoste redis. 40
non cadere Antaeo, non crescere profuit hydrae;
nec cervam volucres eripuere pedes.
Caci flamma perit; rubuit Busiride Nilus;
prostratis maduit nubigenis Pholoë.
idle chords with the smooth quill, plied the famed ivory with festal fingers. Scarce had they heard him when the winds and waves were stilled; Hebrus flowed more sluggishly with reluctant stream, Rhodope stretched out her rocks all eager for the song, and Ossa, his summit less exalted, shook off his coat of snow. The tall poplar and the pine, accompanied by the oak, left the slopes of treeless Haemus, and even the laurel came, allured by the voice of Orpheus, though erstwhile it had despised Apollo’s art. Molossian dogs fawned playfully on fearless hares, and the lamb made room for the wolf by her side. Does sported in amity with the striped tiger and hinds had no fear of the lion’s mane.
He sang the stings of a step-dame’s ire[122] and the deeds of Hercules, the monsters overcome by his strong right arm; how while yet a child he had shown the strangled snakes to his terrified mother, and had laughed, fearlessly scorning such dangers. “Thee nor the bull that shook with his bellowing the cities of Crete alarmed, nor the savagery of the hound of Hell; thee not the lion, soon to become a constellation in the heavens, nor the wild boar that brought renown to Erymanthus’ height. Thou hast stripped the Amazons of their girdles, shot with thy bow the birds of Stymphalus, and driven home the cattle of the western clime. Thou hast o’erthrown the many limbs of the triple-headed monster and returned thrice victorious from a single foe. Vain the falls of Antaeus, vain the sprouting of the Hydra’s new heads. Its winged feet availed not to save Diana’s deer from thy hand. Cacus’ flames were quenched and Nile ran rich with Busiris’ blood. Pholoë’s slopes reeked with the slaughter of the
[122] Juno is called the stepmother of Hercules.
te Libyci stupuere sinus, te maxima Tethys 45
horruit, imposito cum premerere polo:
firmior Herculea mundus cervice pependit;
lustrarunt umeros Phoebus et astra tuos.”
Thracius haec vates. sed tu Tirynthius alter,
Florentine, mihi: tu mea plectra moves 50
antraque Musarum longo torpentia somno
excutis et placidos ducis in orbe choros.
LIBER SECUNDUS
(XXXV.)
Impulit Ionios praemisso lumine fluctus
nondum pura dies; tremulis vibratur in undis
ardor et errantes ludunt per caerula flammae.
iamque audax animi fidaeque oblita parentis
fraude Dionaea riguos Proserpina saltus 5
(sic Parcae iussere) petit. ter cardine verso
praesagum cecinere fores; ter conscia fati
flebile terrificis gemuit mugitibus Aetna,
nullis illa tamen monstris nulloque tenetur
prodigio. comites gressum iunxere sorores. 10
Prima dolo gaudens et tanto concita voto
it Venus et raptus metitur corde futuros,
iam dirum flexura chaos, iam Dite subacto
ingenti famulos Manes ductura triumpho.
cloud-born Centaurs. Thee the curving shore of Libya held in awe; thee the mighty Ocean gazed at in amaze when thou laidst the world’s bulk on thy back; on the neck of Hercules the heaven was poised more surely; the sun and stars coursed over thy shoulders.”
So sang the Thracian bard. But thou, Florentinus,[123] art a second Hercules to me. ’Tis thou causest my quill to stir, ’tis thou disturbest the Muses’ cavern long plunged in sleep and leadest their gentle bands in the dance.
BOOK II
(XXXV.)
Not yet had bright day with herald beams struck the waves of the Ionian main; the light of dawn shimmered on the waters and the straying brilliance flickered over the deep blue sea. And now bold Proserpine, forgetful of her mother’s jealous care and tempted by the wiles of Venus, seeks the stream-fed vale. Such was the Fates’ decree. Thrice did the doors sound a warning note as the hinges turned; thrice did prophetic Aetna rumble mournfully with awful thunders. But her can no portent, no omen detain. The sister goddesses bore her company.
First goes Venus exulting in her trickery and inspired by her great mission. In her heart she takes account of the coming rape; soon she will rule dread Chaos, soon, Dis once subdued, she will lead the subject ghosts. Her hair, parted into many
[123] See Introduction, p. xiv.
illi multifidos crinis sinuatur in orbes 15
Idalia divisus acu; sudata marito
fibula purpureos gemma suspendit amictus.
Candida Parrhasii post hanc regina Lycaei
et Pandionias quae cuspide protegit arces,
utraque virgo, ruunt: haec tristibus aspera bellis, 20
haec metuenda feris. Tritonia casside fulva
caelatum Typhona gerit, qui summa peremptus
ima parte viget, moriens et parte superstes;
hastaque terribili surgens per nubila ferro
instar habet silvae; tantum stridentia colla 25
Gorgonis obtentu pallae fulgentis inumbrat.
at Triviae lenis species et multus in ore
frater erat, Phoebique genas et lumina Phoebi
esse putes, solusque dabat discrimina sexus.
brachia nuda nitent; levibus proiecerat auris 30
indociles errare comas, arcuque remisso
otia nervus agit; pendent post terga sagittae.
crispatur gemino vestis Gortynia cinctu
poplite fusa tenus, motoque in stamine Delos
errat et aurato trahitur circumflua ponto. 35
Quas inter Cereris proles, nunc gloria matris,
mox dolor, aequali tendit per gramina passu
nec membris nec honore minor potuitque videri
Pallas, si clipeum ferret, si spicula, Phoebe.
collectae tereti nodantur iaspide vestes. 40
pectinis ingenio numquam felicior artis
contigit eventus; nulli sic consona telae
fila nec in tantum veri duxere figuras.
hic Hyperionio Solem de semine nasci
locks, is braided round her head and secured by a Cyprian pin, and a brooch cunningly fabricated by her spouse Vulcan supports her cloak thick studded with purple jewels.
Behind her hasten Diana, fair queen of Arcadian Lycaeus, and Pallas who, with her spear, protects the citadel of Athens—virgins both; Pallas, cruel goddess of war, Diana bane of wild creatures. On her burnished helmet the Triton-born goddess wore a carved figure of Typhon, the upper part of his body lifeless, the lower limbs yet writhing, part dead, part quick. Her terrible spear, piercing the clouds as she brandished it, resembled a tree; only the Gorgon’s hissing neck she hid in the spread of her glittering cloak. But mild was Diana’s gaze and very like her brother looked she; Phoebus’ own one had thought her cheeks and eyes, her sex alone disclosed the difference. Her shining arms were bare, her straying locks fluttered in the gentle breeze, and the chord of her unstrung bow hung idle, her arrows slung behind her back. Her Cretan tunic, gathered with girdles twain, flows down to her knees, and on her waving dress Delos wanders and stretches surrounded by a golden sea.
Between the two Ceres’ child, now her mother’s pride, so soon to be her sorrow, treads the grass with equal pace, their equal, too, in stature and beauty; Pallas you might have thought her, had she carried a shield, Diana, if a javelin. A brooch of polished jasper secured her girded dress. Never did art give happier issue to the shuttle’s skill; never was cloth so beautifully made nor embroidery so lifelike. In it she had worked the birth of the sun from the seed of Hyperion, the birth, too, of the moon,
fecerat et pariter, forma sed dispare, Lunam, 45
aurorae noctisque duces; cunabula Tethys
praebet et infantes gremio solatur anhelos
caeruleusque sinus roseis radiatur alumnis.
invalidum dextro portat Titana lacerto
nondum luce gravem nec pubescentibus alte 50
cristatum radiis: primo clementior aevo
fingitur et tenerum vagitu despuit ignem.
laeva parte soror vitrei libamina potat
uberis et parvo signatur tempora cornu.
Tali luxuriat cultu. comitantur euntem 55
Naides et socia stipant utrimque caterva,
quae fontes, Crinise, tuos et saxa rotantem
Pantagiam nomenque Gelam qui praebuit urbi
concelebrant, quas pigra vado Camerina palustri,
quas Arethusaei latices, quas advena nutrit 60
Alpheus; Cyane totum supereminet agmen:
qualis Amazonidum peltis exultat aduncis
pulchra cohors, quotiens Arcton populata virago
Hippolyte niveas ducit post proelia turmas,
seu flavos stravere Getas seu forte rigentem 65
Thermodontiaca Tanaim fregere securi;
aut quales referunt Baccho sollemnia Nymphae
Maeoniae, quas Hermus alit, ripasque paternas
percurrunt auro madidae: laetatur in antro
amnis et undantem declinat prodigus urnam. 70
Viderat herboso sacrum de vertice vulgus
Henna parens florum curvaque in valle sedentem
though diverse was her shape—of sun and moon that bring the dawning and the night. Tethys affords them a cradle and soothes in her bosom their infant sobs; the rosy light of her foster-children irradiates her dark blue plains. On her right shoulder she carried the infant Titan, too young as yet to vex with his light, and his encircling beams not grown; he is pictured as more gentle in those tender years, and from his mouth issues a soft flame that accompanies his infant cries. The moon, his sister, carried on Tethys’ left shoulder, sucks the milk of that bright breast, her forehead marked with a little horn.
Such is the wonder of Proserpine’s dress. The Naiads bear her company and on either side crowd around her, those who haunt thy streams, Crinisus, and Pantagia’s rocky torrent and Gela’s who gives his name to the city; those whom Camerina, the unmoved, nurtures in her shallow marshes, whose home is Arethusa’s flood or the stream of Alpheus, her foreign lover; tallest of their company is Cyane. So move they as the beauteous band of Amazons, brandishing their moon-shaped shields what time the maiden warrior Hippolyte, after laying waste the regions of the north, leads home her fair army after battle, whether they have o’erthrown the yellow-haired Getae or cloven frozen Tanais with the axe of their native Thermodon; or as the Lydian Nymphs celebrate the festivals of Bacchus—the Nymphs whose sire was Hermus along whose banks they course, splashed with his golden waters: the river-god rejoices in his cavern home and pours forth the flooding urn with generous hand.
Henna, mother of blossoms, had espied the goddess’ company from her grassy summit and thus addressed
compellat Zephyrum: “pater o gratissime veris,
qui mea lascivo regnas per prata meatu
semper et adsiduis inroras flatibus annum, 75
respice Nympharum coetus et celsa Tonantis
germina per nostros dignantia ludere campos.
nunc adsis faveasque, precor; nunc omnia fetu
pubescant virgulta velis, ut fertilis Hybla
invideat vincique suos non abnuat hortos. 80
quidquid turiferis spirat Panchaia silvis,
quidquid odoratus longe blanditur Hydaspes,
quidquid ab extremis ales longaeva colonis
colligit optato repetens exordia leto,[124]
in venas disperge meas et flamine largo 85
rura fove. merear divino pollice carpi
et nostris cupiant ornari numina sertis.”
Dixerat; ille novo madidantes nectare pennas
concutit et glaebas fecundo rore maritat,
quaque volat vernus sequitur rubor; omnis in herbas
turget humus medioque patent convexa sereno. 91
sanguineo splendore rosas, vaccinia nigro
imbuit et dulci violas ferrugine pingit.
Parthica quae tantis variantur cingula gemmis
regales vinctura sinus? quae vellera tantum 95
ditibus Assyrii spumis fucantur aëni?
non tales volucer pandit Iunonius alas,
nec sic innumeros arcu mutante colores
incipiens redimitur hiems, cum tramite flexo
semita discretis interviret umida nimbis. 100
Forma loci superat flores: curvata tumore
parvo planities et mollibus edita clivis
creverat in collem; vivo de pumice fontes
[124] leto Heinsius; Birt saeclo (FDWB1V1).
Zephyrus, lurking in the winding vale: “Gracious father of the spring, thou who ever rulest over my meads with errant breeze and bringest rain upon the summer lands with thine unceasing breath, behold this company of Nymphs and Jove’s tall daughters who deign to sport them in my meadows. Be present to bless, I pray. Grant that now all the trees be thick with newly-grown fruit, that fertile Hybla may be jealous and admit her paradise surpassed. All the sweet airs of Panchaea’s incense-bearing woods, all the honied odours of Hydaspes’ distant stream, all the spices which from furthest fields the long-lived Phoenix gathers, seeking new birth from wished for death—spread thou all these through my veins and with generous breath refresh my country. May I be worthy to be plundered by divine fingers and goddesses seek to be decked with my garlands.”
So spake she, and Zephyrus shook his wings adrip with fresh nectar and drenches the ground with their life-giving dew. Wheresoe’er he flies spring’s brilliance follows. The fields grow lush with verdure and heaven’s dome shines cloudless above them. He paints the bright roses red, the hyacinths blue and the sweet violets purple. What girdles of Babylon, meet cincture of a royal breast, are adorned with such varied jewels? What fleece so dyed in the rich juice of the murex where stand the brazen towers of Tyre? Not the wings of Juno’s own bird display such colouring. Not thus do the many-changing hues of the rainbow span young winter’s sky when in curved arch its rainy path glows green amid the parting clouds.
Even more lovely than the flowers is the country. The plain, with gentle swell and gradual slopes, rose into a hill; issuing from the living rock gushing
roscida mobilibus lambebant gramina rivis,
silvaque torrentes ramorum frigore soles 105
temperat et medio brumam sibi vindicat aestu:
apta fretis abies, bellis accommoda cornus,
quercus amica Iovi, tumulos tectura cupressus,
ilex plena favis, venturi praescia laurus;
fluctuat hic denso crispata cacumine buxus, 110
hic hederae serpunt, hic pampinus induit ulmos.
haud procul inde lacus (Pergum dixere Sicani)
panditur et nemorum frondoso margine cinctus
vicinis pallescit aquis: admittit in altum
cernentes oculos et late pervius umor 115
ducit inoffensos liquido sub flumine visus
imaque perspicui prodit secreta profundi.
[huc elapsa cohors gaudet per florida rura.][125]
Hortatur Cytherea legant. “nunc ite, sorores,
dum matutinis praesudat solibus aër, 120
dum meus umectat flaventes Lucifer agros
roranti praevectus equo.” sic fata doloris
carpit signa sui. varios tum cetera saltus
invasere cohors: credas examina fundi
Hyblaeum raptura thymum, cum cerea reges 125
castra movent fagique cava dimissus ab alvo
mellifer electis exercitus obstrepit herbis.
pratorum spoliatur honos: haec lilia fuscis
intexit violis; hanc mollis amaracus ornat;
haec graditur stellata rosis, haec alba ligustris. 130
te quoque, flebilibus maerens Hyacinthe figuris,
[125] Written into F by a later hand. Doubtless an interpolation and as such erased in C. It anticipates the saltus invasere cohors of 123.
streams bedewed their grassy banks. With the shade of its branches a wood tempers the sun’s fierce heat and at summer’s height makes for itself the cold of winter. There grows the pine, useful for seafaring, the cornel-tree for weapons of war, the oak, friendly to Jove, the cypress, sentinel of graves, the holm filled with honeycombs, and the laurel foreknowing of the future; here the box-tree waves its thick crown of leaves, here creeps the ivy, here the vine clothes the elm. Not far from here lies a lake called by the Sicani Pergus, girt with a cincture of leafy woods close around its pallid waters. Deep down therein the eye of whoso would can see, and the everywhere transparent water invites an untrammelled gaze into its oozy depths and betrays the uttermost secrets of its pellucid gulfs. [Hither came their company well pleased with the flowery climb.]
Venus bids them gather flowers. “Come, sisters, while yet the morning sun shines through the moist air, and while Lucifer, my harbinger of dawn, yet drives his dewy steeds and waters the flower-bright field.” So spake she and gathered the flower that testifies to her own woe.[126] Her companions ranged the various vales. You could have believed a swarm of bees was on the wing, eager to gather its sweetness from Hyblaean thyme, where the king bees lead out their wax-housed armies and the honey-bearing host, issuing from the beech-tree’s hollow bole, buzzes around its favourite flowers. The meadows are despoiled of their glory; this goddess weaves lilies with dark violets, another decks herself with pliant marjoram, a third steps forth rose-crowned, another wreathed with white privet. Thee also, Hyacinthus,
[126] Traditionally said to be the anemone, which is supposed to have sprung up red from the spot where Adonis was killed by the boar.
Narcissumque metunt, nunc inclita germina veris,
praestantes olim pueros: tu natus Amyclis,
hunc Helicon genuit; disci te perculit error,
hunc fontis decepit amor; te fronte retusa 135
Delius, hunc fracta Cephisus harundine luget.
Aestuat ante alias avido fervore legendi
frugiferae spes una deae: nunc vimine texto
ridentes calathos spoliis agrestibus implet;
nunc sociat flores seseque ignara coronat, 140
augurium fatale tori. quin ipsa tubarum
armorumque potens dextram, qua fortia turbat
agmina, qua stabiles portas et moenia vellit,
iam levibus laxat studiis hastamque reponit
insuetisque docet galeam mitescere sertis; 145
ferratus lascivit apex horrorque recessit
Martius et cristae pacato fulgure vernant.
nec, quae Parthenium canibus scrutatur odorem,
aspernata choros libertatemque comarum
iniecta voluit tantum frenare corona. 150
Talia virgineo passim dum more geruntur,
ecce repens mugire fragor, confligere turres
pronaque vibratis radicibus oppida verti.
causa latet; dubios agnovit sola tumultus
diva Paphi mixtoque metu perterrita gaudet. 155
iamque per anfractus animarum rector opacos
sub terris quaerebat iter gravibusque gementem
they gather, thy flower inscribed with woe, and Narcissus too—once lovely boys, now the pride of flowering spring. Thou, Hyacinthus, wert born at Amyclae, Narcissus was Helicon’s child; thee the errant discus slew; him the amorous water-nymphs beguiled; for thee weeps Delos’ god with sorrow-weighted brow; for him Cephisus with his broken reeds.
But beyond her fellows she, the one hope of the corn-bearing goddess, burned with a fierce desire to gather flowers. Now she fills with the spoil of the fields her laughing baskets, osier-woven; now she twines a wreath of flowers and crowns herself therewith, little seeing in this a foreshadowing of the marriage fate holds in store for her. E’en Pallas herself, goddess of the trumpets and of the weapons of war, devotes to gentler pursuits the hand wherewith she o’erwhelms the host of battle and throws down stout gates and city walls. She lays aside her spear and wreaths her helmet with soft flowers—strange aureole! The iron peak is gay, o’ershadowed the fierce martial glint, and the plumes, erstwhile levin bolts, now nod with blossoms. Nor does Diana, who scours Mount Parthenius with her keen-scented hounds, disdain this company but would fain bind her free-flowing tresses with a flowery crown.
But while the maidens so disport themselves, wandering through the fields, a sudden roar is heard, towers crash and towns, shaken to their foundations, totter and fall. None knows whence comes the tumult; Paphus’ goddess alone recognized the sound that set her companions in amaze, and fear mixed with joy fills her heart. For now the king of souls was pricking his way through the dim labyrinth of the underworld and crushing Enceladus, groaning
Enceladum calcabat equis: inmania findunt
membra rotae pressaque Gigas cervice laborat
Sicaniam cum Dite ferens temptatque moveri 160
debilis et fessis serpentibus impedit axem:
fumida sulphureo praelabitur orbita dorso.
ac velut occultus securum pergit in hostem
miles et effossi subter fundamina campi
transilit inclusos arcano limite muros 165
turbaque deceptas victrix erumpit in arces
terrigenas imitata viros: sic tertius heres
Saturni latebrosa vagis rimatur habenis
devia, fraternum cupiens exire sub orbem.
ianua nulla patet; prohibebant undique rupes 170
oppositae duraque deum compage tenebant:
non tulit ille moras indignatusque trabali
saxa ferit sceptro. Siculae sonuere cavernae;
turbatur Lipare; stupuit fornace relicta
Mulciber et trepidus deiecit fulmina Cyclops. 175
audiit et si quem glacies Alpina coërcet
et qui te, Latiis nondum praecincte tropaeis
Thybri, natat missamque Pado qui remigat alnum.
Sic, cum Thessaliam scopulis inclusa teneret
Peneo stagnante palus et mersa negaret 180
arva coli, trifida Neptunus cuspide montes
impulit adversos: tunc forti saucius ictu
dissiluit gelido vertex Ossaeus Olympo;
carceribus laxantur aquae factoque meatu
redduntur fluviusque mari tellusque colonis. 185
beneath the weight of his massy steeds. His chariot-wheels severed the monstrous limbs, and the giant struggles, bearing Sicily along with Pluto on his burdened neck, and feebly essays to move and entangle the wheels with his weary serpents; still o’er his blazing back passes the smoking chariot. And as sappers seek to issue forth upon their unsuspecting enemy and, following a minèd path beneath the foundations of the tunnelled field, pass unmarked beyond the foe-invested walls of the city to break out, a victorious party, into the citadel of the outwitted enemy, seeming sprung from earth, even so Saturn’s third son scours the devious darkness whithersoever his team hurries him, all eager to come forth beneath his brother’s sky. No door lies open for him; rocks bar his egress on every side and detain the god in their escapeless prison. He brooked not the delay but wrathfully smote the crags with his beam-like staff. Sicily’s caverns thundered, Lipare’s isle was confounded, Vulcan left his forge in amaze and the Cyclops let drop their thunderbolts in fear. The pent-up denizens of the frozen Alps heard the uproar and he who then swam thy wave, father Tiber, thy brows not as yet graced with the crown of Italy’s triumphs; there heard it he who rows his bark down Padus’ stream.
So when the rock-encircled lake, ere Peneus’ wave rolled seaward, covered all Thessaly and allowed not its submerged fields to be tilled, Neptune smote the imprisoning mountain with his trident. Then did the peak of Ossa, riven with the mighty blow, spring apart from snowy Olympus; a passage was made and the waters were released, whereby the sea won back her feeding streams and the husbandman his fields.
Postquam victa manu duros Trinacria nexus
solvit et inmenso late discessit hiatu,
adparet subitus caelo timor; astra viarum
mutavere fidem; vetito se proluit Arctos
aequore; praecipitat pigrum formido Booten; 190
horruit Orion. audito palluit Atlas
hinnitu: rutilos obscurat anhelitus axes
discolor et longa solitos caligine pasci
terruit orbis equos; pressis haesere lupatis
attoniti meliore polo rursusque verendum 195
in chaos obliquo certant temone reverti.
mox ubi pulsato senserunt verbera tergo
et solem didicere pati, torrentius amne
hiberno tortaque ruunt pernicius hasta:
quantum non iaculum Parthi, non impetus Austri, 200
non leve sollicitae mentis discurrit acumen.
sanguine frena calent; corrumpit spiritus auras
letifer; infectae spumis vitiantur harenae.
Diffugiunt Nymphae: rapitur Proserpina curru
imploratque deas. iam Gorgonis ora revelat 205
Pallas et intento festinat Delia telo
nec patruo cedunt: stimulat communis in arma
virginitas crimenque feri raptoris acerbat.
ille velut stabuli decus armentique iuvencam
cum leo possedit nudataque viscera fodit 210
unguibus et rabiem totos exegit in armos:
stat crassa turpis sanie nodosque iubarum
excutit et viles pastorum despicit iras.
“Ignavi domitor vulgi, deterrime fratrum,”
When Trinacria beneath Pluto’s stroke loosed her rocky bonds and yawned wide with cavernous cleft, sudden fear seized upon the sky. The stars deserted their accustomed courses; the Bear bathed him in forbidden Ocean; terror hurried sluggish Boötes to his setting; Orion trembled. Atlas paled as he heard the neighing coursers; their smoky breath obscures the bright heavens and the sun’s orb affrighted them, so long fed on darkness. They stood biting the curb astonied at the brighter air, and struggle to turn the chariot and hurry back to dread Chaos. But soon, when they felt the lash on their backs and learned to bear the sun’s brightness, they gallop on more rapidly than a winter torrent and more fleet than the hurtling spear; swifter than the Parthian’s dart, the south wind’s fury or nimble thought of anxious mind. Their bits are warm with blood, their death-bringing breath infects the air, the polluted dust is poisoned with their foam.
The Nymphs fly in all directions; Proserpine is hurried away in the chariot, imploring aid of the goddesses. Now Pallas unveils the Gorgon’s head, Diana strings her bow and hastes to help. Neither yields to her uncle’s violence; a common virginity compels them to fight and enrages them at the crime of the fierce ravisher. Pluto is like a lion when he has seized upon a heifer, the pride of the stall and the herd, and has torn with his claws the defenceless flesh and has sated his fury on all its limbs, and so stands all befouled with clotted blood and shakes his tangled mane and scorns the shepherds’ feeble rage.
“Lord of the strengthless dead,” cries Pallas,
Pallas ait “quae te stimulis facibusque profanis 215
Eumenides movere? tua cur sede relicta
audes Tartareis caelum incestare quadrigis?
sunt tibi deformes Dirae, sunt altera Lethes
numina, sunt tristes Furiae, te coniuge dignae.
fratris linque domos, alienam desere sortem; 220
nocte tua contentus abi. quid viva sepultis
admisces? nostrum quid proteris advena mundum?”
Talia vociferans avidos transire minaci
cornipedes umbone ferit clipeique retardat
obice Gorgoneisque premens adsibilat hydris 225
praetentaque operit crista; libratur in ictum
fraxinus et nigros inluminat obvia currus
missaque paene foret, ni Iuppiter aethere summo
pacificas rubri torsisset fulminis alas
confessus socerum: nimbis hymenaeus hiulcis 230
intonat et testes firmant conubia flammae.
Invitae cessere deae. compescuit arcum
cum gemitu talesque dedit Latonia voces:
“Sis memor o longumque vale. reverentia patris
obstitit auxilio, nec nos defendere contra 235
possumus: imperio vinci maiore fatemur.
in te coniurat genitor populoque silenti
traderis, heu! cupidas non adspectura sorores
aequalemque chorum. quae te fortuna supernis
abstulit et tanto damnavit sidera luctu? 240
“wickedest of thy brothers, what Furies have stirred thee with their goads and accursed torches? Why hast thou left thy seat and how darest thou pollute the upper world with thy hellish team? Thou hast the hideous Curses, the other deities of Hell, the dread Furies—any of them would be a worthy spouse for thee. Quit thy brother’s realm, begone from the kingdom allotted to another. Get thee hence; let thine own night suffice thee. Why mix the quick with the dead? Why treadest thou our world, an unwelcome visitant?”
So exclaiming she smote with her threatening shield the horses who sought to advance and barred their way with the bulk of her targe, thrusting them back with the hissing snake-hair of Medusa’s head and o’ershadowing them with its outstretched plumes. She poised for throwing her beechen shaft whose radiance met and illumed Pluto’s black chariot. Almost had she cast it had not Jove from heaven’s height hurled his red thunderbolt on peaceful wings, acknowledging his new son; mid the riven clouds thunders the marriage-paean and attesting fires confirm the union.
All unwilling the goddesses yielded, and weeping Diana laid aside her weapons and thus spake: “Fare well, a long farewell; forget us not. Reverence for our sire forbade our help, and against his will we cannot defend thee. We acknowledge defeat by a power greater than our own. The Father hath conspired against thee and betrayed thee to the realms of silence, no more, alas! to behold the sisters and companions who crave sight of thee. What fate hath reft thee from the upper air and condemned the heavens to so deep mourning? Now no more
iam neque Partheniis innectere retia lustris
nec pharetram gestare libet: securus ubique
spumet aper saevique fremant impune leones.
te iuga Taygeti, posito te Maenala flebunt
venatu maestoque diu lugebere Cyntho. 245
Delphica quin etiam fratris delubra tacebunt.”
Interea volucri fertur Proserpina curru
caesariem diffusa Noto planctuque lacertos
verberat et questus ad nubila tendit inanes:
“Cur non torsisti manibus fabricata Cyclopum 250
in nos tela, pater? sic me crudelibus umbris
tradere, sic toto placuit depellere mundo?
nullane te flectit pietas nihilumque paternae
mentis inest? tantas quo crimine movimus iras?
non ego, cum rapido saeviret Phlegra tumultu, 255
signa deis adversa tuli; non robore nostro
Ossa pruinosum vexit glacialis Olympum.
quod conata nefas aut cuius conscia culpae
exul ad inmanes Erebi detrudor hiatus?
o fortunatas alii quascumque tulere 260
raptores! saltem communi sole fruuntur.
sed mihi virginitas pariter caelumque negatur,
eripitur cum luce pudor, terrisque relictis
servitum Stygio ducor captiva tyranno.
o male dilecti flores despectaque matris 265
consilia! o Veneris deprensae serius artes!
mater, io! seu te Phrygiis in vallibus Idae
Mygdonio buxus circumsonat horrida cantu,
can we rejoice to set Parthenius’ steep with nets nor wear the quiver; at large as he lists let the wild boar, raven and the lion roar savagely with none to say him nay. Thee, Taygetus’ crest, thee Maenalus’ height shall weep, their hunting laid aside. Long shalt thou be food for weeping on sorrowing Cynthus’ slopes. E’en my brother’s shrine at Delphi shall speak no more.”
Meanwhile Proserpine is borne away in the winged car, her hair streaming before the wind, beating her arms in lamentation and calling in vain remonstrance to the clouds: “Why hast thou not hurled at me, father, bolts forged by the Cyclops’ hands? Was this thy will to deliver thy daughter to the cruel shades and drive her for ever from this world? Does love move thee not at all? Hast thou nothing of a father’s feeling? What ill deed of men has stirred such anger in thee? When Phlegra raged with war’s madness I bore no standard against the gods; ’twas through no strength of mine that ice-bound Ossa supported frozen Olympus. For attempt of what crime, for complicity with what guilt, am I thrust down in banishment to the bottomless pit of Hell? Happy girls whom other ravishers have stolen; they at least enjoy the general light of day, while I, together with my virginity, lose the air of heaven; stolen from me alike is innocence and daylight. Needs must I quit this world and be led a captive bride to serve Hell’s tyrant. Ye flowers that I loved in so evil an hour, oh, why did I scorn my mother’s warning? Too late did I detect the wiles of Venus. Mother, my mother, whether in the vales of Phrygian Ida the dread pipe sounds about thine ears with Lydian
seu tu sanguineis ululantia Dindyma Gallis
incolis et strictos Curetum respicis enses: 270
exitio succurre meo! compesce furentem!
comprime ferales torvi praedonis habenas!”
Talibus ille ferox dictis fletuque decoro
vincitur et primi suspiria sensit amoris.
tunc ferrugineo lacrimas deterget amictu 275
et placida maestum solatur voce dolorem:
“Desine funestis animum, Proserpina, curis
et vano vexare metu. maiora dabuntur
sceptra nec indigni taedas patiere mariti.
ille ego Saturni proles, cui machina rerum 280
servit et inmensum tendit per inane potestas.
amissum ne crede diem: sunt altera nobis
sidera, sunt orbes alii, lumenque videbis
purius Elysiumque magis mirabere solem
cultoresque pios; illic pretiosior aetas, 285
aurea progenies habitat, semperque tenemus
quod superi meruere semel. nec mollia desunt
prata tibi; Zephyris illic melioribus halant
perpetui flores, quos nec tua protulit Henna.
est etiam lucis arbor praedives opacis 290
fulgentes viridi ramos curvata metallo:
haec tibi sacra datur fortunatumque tenebis
autumnum et fulvis semper ditabere pomis.
parva loquor: quidquid liquidus complectitur aër,
quidquid alit tellus, quidquid maris aequora verrunt, 295
quod fluvii volvunt, quod nutrivere paludes,
cuncta tuis pariter cedent animalia regnis
lunari subiecta globo, qui Septimus auras
ambit et aeternis mortalia separat astris.
strains, or thou hauntest mount Dindymus, ahowl with self-mutilated Galli, and beholdest the naked swords of the Curetes, aid me in my bitter need; frustrate Pluto’s mad lust and stay the funereal reins of my fierce ravisher.”
Her words and those becoming tears mastered e’en that rude heart as Pluto first learned to feel love’s longings. The tears he wiped away with his murky cloak, quieting her sad grief with these soothing words: “Cease, Proserpine, to vex thy heart with gloomy cares and causeless fear. A prouder sceptre shall be thine, nor shalt thou face marriage with a husband unworthy of thee. I am that scion of Saturn whose will the framework of the world obeys, whose power stretches through the limitless void. Think not thou hast lost the light of day; other stars are mine and other courses; a purer light shalt thou see and wonder rather at Elysium’s sun and blessed habitants. There a richer age, a golden race has its home, and we possess for ever what men win but once. Soft meads shall fail thee not, and ever-blooming flowers, such as thy Henna ne’er produced, breathe to gentler zephyrs. There is, moreover, a precious tree in the leafy groves whose curving branches gleam with living ore—a tree consecrate to thee. Thou shalt be queen of blessed autumn and ever enriched with golden fruit. Nay more; whatsoe’er the limpid air embraces, whatever earth nourishes, the salt seas sweep, the rivers roll, or the marsh-lands feed, all living things alike shall yield them to thy sway, all, I say, that dwell beneath the orb of the moon that is the seventh of the planets and in its ethereal journey separates things mortal from the deathless
sub tua purpurei venient vestigia reges 300
deposito luxu turba cum paupere mixti
(omnia mors aequat); tu damnatura nocentes,
tu requiem latura piis; te iudice sontes
improba cogentur vitae commissa fateri.
accipe Lethaeo famulas cum gurgite Parcas, 305
sitque ratum quodcumque voles.”
Haec fatus ovantes
exhortatur equos et Tartara mitior intrat.
conveniunt animae, quantas violentior Auster
decutit arboribus frondes aut nubibus imbres
colligit aut frangit fluctus aut torquet harenas; 310
cunctaque praecipiti stipantur saecula cursu
insignem visura nurum. mox ipse serenus
ingreditur facili passus mollescere risu
dissimilisque sui. dominis intrantibus ingens
adsurgit Phlegethon: flagrantibus hispida rivis 315
barba madet totoque fluunt incendia vultu.
Occurrunt properi lecta de plebe ministri:
pars altos revocant currus frenisque solutis
vertunt emeritos ad pascua nota iugales;
pars aulaea tenent; alii praetexere ramis 320
limina et in thalamum cultas extollere vestes.
reginam casto cinxerunt agmine matres
Elysiae teneroque levant sermone timores
et sparsos religant crines et vultibus addunt
flammea sollicitum praevelatura pudorem. 325
Pallida laetatur regio gentesque sepultae
stars. To thy feet shall come purple-clothed kings, stripped of their pomp, and mingling with the unmoneyed throng; for death renders all equal. Thou shalt give doom to the guilty and rest to the virtuous. Before thy judgement-throne the wicked must confess the crimes of their evil lives. Lethe’s stream shall obey thee and the Fates be thy handmaidens. Be thy will done.”
So speaking he urges on his triumphant steeds and enters Tartarus in gentler wise. The shades assemble, thick as the leaves the stormy south wind shakes down from the trees, dense as the rainclouds it masses, countless as the billows it curls or the sand it scatters. The dead of every age throng with hastening foot to see so illustrious a bride. Soon Pluto himself enters with joyful mien submitting him to the softening influence of pleasant laughter, all unlike his former self. At the incoming of his lord and mistress huge Phlegethon rises; his bristly beard is wet with burning streams and flames dart o’er all his countenance.
There hasten to greet the pair slaves chosen from out the number. Some put away the lofty chariot, take the bits from the mouths of the toil-freed horses and turn them out to graze in their accustomed pastures. Some hold back the curtains, others decorate the doorway with branches and fasten broidered hangings in the bridal chamber. In chaste bands the matrons of Elysium throng their queen, and with sweet converse banish her fear; they gather and braid her dishevelled hair and place the wedding-veil upon her head to hide her troubled blushes.
Joy fills that grey land, the buried throng holds
luxuriant epulisque vacant genialibus umbrae.
grata coronati peragunt convivia Manes;
rumpunt insoliti tenebrosa silentia cantus;
sedantur gemitus. Erebi se sponte relaxat 330
squalor et aeternam patitur rarescere noctem,
urna nec incertas versat Minoia sortes.
verbera nulla sonant nulloque frementia luctu
impia dilatis respirant Tartara poenis:
non rota suspensum praeceps Ixiona torquet; 335
non aqua Tantaleis subducitur invida labris.
solvitur Ixion et Tantalus invenit undas
et Tityos tandem spatiosos erigit artus
squalentisque novem detexit iugera campi
(tantus erat), laterisque piger sulcator opaci 340
invitus trahitur lasso de pectore vultur
abreptasque dolet iam non sibi crescere fibras.
Oblitae scelerum formidatique furoris
Eumenides cratera parant et vina feroci
crine bibunt flexisque minis iam lene canentes 345
extendunt socios ad pocula plena cerastas
et festas alio succendunt lumine taedas.
tunc et pestiferi pacatum flumen Averni
innocuae transistis, aves, flatumque repressit
Amsanctus: fixo tacuit torrente vorago. 350
tunc Acheronteos mutato gurgite fontes
lacte novo tumuisse ferunt, hederisque virentem
Cocyton dulci perhibent undasse Lyaeo.
stamina nec rumpit Lachesis; nec turbida sacris
obstrepitant lamenta choris. mors nulla vagatur 355
high festival, and the ghosts sport them at the nuptial feast. The flower-crowned Manes sit at a joyous banquet and unwonted song breaks the gloomy silence; wailing is hushed. Hell’s murk gladly disperses and suffers the darkness of age-long night to grow less impenetrable. Minos’ urn of judgement throws no ambiguous lots; the sound of blows is stilled, and Tartarus, the prison of the wicked, is hushed and still, for punishments are intermitted. No longer is Ixion tortured by the ever-turning wheel to which he is bound; from Tantalus’ lips no more is the flying water withdrawn. Ixion is freed, Tantalus reaches the stream, and Tityus at length straightens out his huge limbs and uncovers nine acres of foul ground (such was his size), and the vulture, that burrows lazily into the dark side, is dragged off from his wearied breast sore against its will, lamenting that no longer is the devoured flesh renewed for it.
The Furies, forgetful of crimes and dread wrath, make ready the wine-bowl and drink therefrom for all their snaky hair. Nay, with gentle song, their threatenings laid aside, they stretch out their snakes to the full cups and kindle the festal torches with unusual flame. Then, too, the birds flew unhurt over the now appeasèd stream of poisonous Avernus, and Lake Amsanctus checked his deadly exhalations; the stream was stayed and the whirlpool grew still. They say that then the springs of Acheron were changed and welled up with new milk, while Cocytus, enwreathed with ivy, flowed along in streams of sweet wine. Lachesis slit not the thread of life nor did funeral dirge sound in challenge to the holy chant. Death walked not
in terris, nullique rogum planxere parentes.
navita non moritur fluctu, non cuspide miles;
oppida funerei pollent inmunia leti,
impexamque senex velavit harundine frontem
portitor et vacuos egit cum carmine remos. 360
Iam suus inferno processerat Hesperus orbi:
ducitur in thalamum virgo. stat pronuba iuxta
stellantes Nox picta sinus tangensque cubile
omina perpetuo genitalia foedere sancit;
exultant cum voce pii Ditisque sub aula 365
talia pervigili sumunt exordia plausu:
“Nostra potens Iuno tuque o germane Tonantis
et gener, unanimi consortia discite somni
mutuaque alternis innectite vota lacertis.
iam felix oritur proles; iam laeta futuros 370
expectat Natura deos. nova numina rebus
addite et optatos Cereri proferte nepotes.”
LIBER TERTIUS
(XXXVI.)
Iuppiter interea cinctam Thaumantida nimbis
ire iubet totoque deos arcessere mundo.
illa colorato Zephyros illapsa volatu
numina conclamat pelagi Nymphasque morantes
increpat et Fluvios umentibus evocat antris. 5
on earth and no parents wept beside the funeral pyre. The wave brought not destruction to the sailor nor the spear to the warrior. Cities flourished and knew not death, the destroyer. Charon crowned his uncombed locks with sedge and singing plied his weightless oars.
And now its own evening-star had shone upon the underworld. The maiden is led into the bridal chamber. Night, clad in starry raiment, stands by her as her brideswoman; she touches the couch and blesses the union of marriage with a bond that cannot be broken. The blessed shades raise their voices and beneath the palace roof of Dis thus begin their song with sleepless acclaim: “Proserpine, queen of our realm, and thou, Pluto, at once the brother and the son-in-law of Jove, the Thunderer, be it yours to know the alliance of conjoined sleep; pledge mutual troth as ye hold each other in intertwining arms. Happy offspring shall be yours; joyous Nature awaits gods yet to be born. Give the world a new divinity and Ceres the grandchildren she longs for.”
BOOK III
(XXXVI.)
Meanwhile Jove bids cloud-girt Iris go gather the gods from the whole universe. She, outstripping the breezes in her rainbow flight, calls to the sea-deities, chides the Nymphs for their delay, and summons forth the river-gods from their moist
ancipites trepidique ruunt, quae causa quietos
excierit, tanto quae res agitanda tumultu.
ut patuit stellata domus, considere iussi,
nec confusus honor: caelestibus ordine sedes
prima datur; tractum proceres tenuere secundum 10
aequorei, placidus Nereus reverendaque Phorci
canities; Glaucum series extrema biformem
accipit et certo mansurum Protea vultu.
nec non et senibus Fluviis concessa sedendi
gloria; plebeio stat cetera more iuventus, 15
mille Amnes. liquidis incumbunt patribus udae
Naides et taciti mirantur sidera Fauni.
Tum gravis ex alto genitor sic orsus Olympo:
“abduxere meas iterum mortalia curas
iam pridem neglecta mihi, Saturnia postquam 20
otia et ignavi senium cognovimus aevi;
sopitosque diu populos torpore paterno
sollicitae placuit stimulis impellere vitae,
incultis ne sponte seges grandesceret arvis,
undaret neu silva favis, neu vina tumerent 25
fontibus et totae fremerent in pocula ripae
(haud equidem invideo—neque enim livescere fas est
vel nocuisse deos—sed, quod dissuasor honesti
luxus et humanas oblimat copia mentes),
provocet ut segnes animos rerumque remotas 30
ingeniosa vias paulatim exploret egestas
utque artes pariat sollertia, nutriat usus.
“Nunc mihi cum magnis instat Natura querellis
caverns. Out they haste in doubt and fear what this disturbance of their peace may signify or what has caused so great an upheaval. The starry heaven is thrown open and the gods are bidden take their seats as merit, not chance, dictates. The first places are accorded to the heavenly powers, next come the ocean-deities, calm Nereus and grey-haired Phorcus, last twiform Glaucus and Proteus, for once of unvarying shape. The agèd river-gods, too, are privileged to take their seats; the other rivers, a thousand strong, stand as stands the youth of an earthly assembly. Dripping water-nymphs lean on their moist sires and Fauns in silence marvel at the stars.
Then the grave Father from his seat on high Olympus thus began: “Once more the affairs of men have won care from me, affairs long neglected since I looked upon the repose of Saturn’s reign and knew the torpor of that stagnant age, when I had fain urged the race of man, long sunk in lethargy by reason of my sire’s sluggish rule, with the goads of anxious life, whereby their crops should no more grow to maturity of their own accord in the untilled fields nor yet the forest trees drip with honey nor wine flow from springs nor every stream course sounding into cups. ’Twas not that I grudged their blessings—gods may not envy nor hurt—but because luxury is a foe to a godly life, and plenty dulls the mind of men; therefore I bade necessity, invention’s mother, provoke their sluggish spirits and little by little search out the hidden tracks of things; bade industry give birth to civilization and practice nourish it.
“Nature now with ceaseless complaint bids me
humanum relevare genus, durumque tyrannum
inmitemque vocat regnataque saecula patri 35
commemorat parcumque Iovem se divite clamat,
qui campos horrere situ dumisque repleri
rura velim, nullis exornem fructibus annum.
se iam, quae genetrix mortalibus ante fuisset,
in dirae subito mores transisse novercae; 40
‘quid mentem traxisse polo, quid profuit altum
erexisse caput, pecudum si more pererrant
avia, si frangunt communia pabula glandes?
haecine vita iuvat silvestribus abdita[127] lustris,
indiscreta feris?’ tales cum saepe parentis 45
pertulerim questus, tandem clementior orbi
Chaonio statui gentes avertere victu:
atque adeo Cererem, quae nunc ignara malorum
verberat Idaeos torva cum matre leones,
per mare, per terras avido discurrere luctu 50
decretum, natae donec laetata repertae
indicio tribuat fruges, currusque feratur
nubibus ignotas populis sparsurus aristas
et iuga caerulei subeant Actaea dracones.
quodsi quis Cereri raptorem prodere divum 55
audeat, imperii molem pacemque profundam
obtestor rerum, natus licet ille sororve
vel coniunx fuerit natarumve agminis una,
se licet illa meo conceptam vertice iactet:
sentiet iratum procul aegide, sentiet ictum 60
fulminis et genitum divina sorte pigebit
optabitque mori: tunc vulnere saucius ipsi
[127] abdita ς; Birt reads addita, following the other MSS.
succour the race of man, calls me cruel and implacable tyrant, calls to mind the centuries of my sire’s empery and dubs me miser of her riches, for that I would have the world a wilderness and the land covered with scrub and would beautify the year with no fruits. She complained that she, who was erstwhile the mother of all living things, had suddenly taken upon her the hated guise of a stepmother. ‘Of what avail that man derived his intelligence from above, that he has held up his head to heaven, if he wander like the beasts through trackless places, if with them he crushes acorns for food? Can such a life as this bring him happiness, hid in the forest glades, indistinguishable from the life of animals?’ Since I bore so often such complaints from the lips of mother Nature, at length I took pity on the world and decided to make man to cease from his oak-tree food; wherefore I have decreed that Ceres, who now, ignorant of her loss, lashes the lions of Mount Ida, accompanying her dread mother, should wander over sea and land in anxious grief, until, in her joy at finding the traces of her lost daughter, she grant man the gift of corn and her chariot is borne aloft through the clouds to scatter among the people ears before unknown and the steel-blue serpents submit them to the Attic yoke.[128] But if any of the gods dare inform Ceres who is the ravisher, I swear by the immensity of mine empire, by the firm-stablished peace of the world, be he son or sister, spouse or daughter, vaunt he his birth as from mine own head, he shall feel afar the wrath of mine arms, the thunderbolt’s blow, and be sorry he was born a god and pray for death. Then, sore wounded, he shall be handed
[128] Attic, because Ceres in her wanderings came to Eleusis where she instructed Triptolemus, son of Celeus, King of Eleusis, in the art of agriculture.
tradetur genero, passurus prodita regna,
et sciet an propriae conspirent Tartara causae.
hoc sanctum; mansura fluant hoc ordine fata.” 65
dixit et horrendo concussit sidera motu.
At procul armisoni Cererem sub rupibus antri
securam placidamque diu iam certa peracti
terrebant simulacra mali, noctesque timorem
ingeminant omnique perit Proserpina somno. 70
namque modo adversis invadi viscera telis,
nunc sibi mutatas horret nigrescere vestes,
nunc steriles mediis frondere penatibus ornos.
stabat praeterea luco dilectior omni
laurus, virgineos quondam quae fronde pudica 75
umbrabat thalamos: hanc imo stipite caesam
vidit et incomptos foedari pulvere ramos
quaesivitque nefas. Dryades dixere gementes
Tartarea Furias debellavisse bipenni.
Sed tunc ipsa sui iam non ambagibus ullis 80
nuntia materno facies ingesta sopori:
namque videbatur tenebroso obtecta recessu
carceris et saevis Proserpina vincta catenis,
non qualem Siculis olim mandaverat arvis
nec qualem roseis nuper convallibus Aetnae 85
suspexere deae: squalebat pulchrior auro
caesaries et nox oculorum infecerat ignes
exhaustusque gelu pallet rubor, ille superbi
flammeus oris honos, et non cessura pruinis
membra colorantur picei caligine regni. 90
over to my son-in-law, Pluto himself, for punishment in those regions he had fain betray. There he shall learn whether Hell is true to her own monarch’s cause. Such is my will; thus let the unchangeable fates fulfil my decree.” He spake and shook the stars with his dread nod.
But, far from Sicily, no uncertain suspicions of the loss she had suffered alarmed Ceres, where long she had dwelt peaceful and secure beneath the rocky roof of the cave resounding with arms. Dreams doubled her dread and a vision of Proserpine lost troubled her every sleep. Now she dreams that an enemy’s spear is piercing her body, now (oh horror!) that her raiment is changed and is become black, now that the infecund ash is budding in the midst of her house. Moreover, there stood a laurel, loved above all the grove, that used with maiden leaf to o’ershadow the virgin bower of Proserpine. This she saw hewn down to the roots, its straggling branches fouled with dust, and when she asked the cause of this disaster weeping dryads told her that the Furies had destroyed it with an axe of Hell.
Next her very image appeared in the mother’s dreams, announcing her fate in no uncertain manner. She saw Proserpine shut in the dark confines of a prison-house and bound with cruel chains. Yet not so had she entrusted her to the fields of Sicily, not so had the wondering goddesses beheld her in Etna’s flowery meadows. Foul was now that hair, more beauteous erstwhile than gold; night had dimmed the fire of her eyes and frost banished the roses from her pale cheeks. The gracious flush of her skin and those limbs whose whiteness matched the hoar-frost are alike turned to hell-tinctured
ergo hanc ut dubio vix tandem agnoscere visu
evaluit: “cuius tot poenae criminis?” inquit
“unde haec informis macies? cui tanta potestas
in me saevitiae? rigidi cur vincula ferri
vix aptanda feris molles meruere lacerti? 95
tu mea, tu proles? an vana fallimur umbra?”
Illa refert: “heu dira parens nataeque peremptae
immemor! heu fulvas animo transgressa leaenas!
tantane te nostri tenuere oblivia? tantum
unica despicior? certe Proserpina nomen 100
dulce tibi, tali quae nunc, ut cernis, hiatu
suppliciis inclusa teror! tu saeva choreis
indulges? Phrygias vel nunc interstrepis urbes?
quodsi non omnem pepulisti pectore matrem,
si tua nata, Ceres, et non me Caspia tigris 105
edidit, his, oro, miseram defende cavernis
inque superna refer, prohibent si fata reverti,
vel tantum visura veni.”
Sic fata trementes
tendere conatur palmas. vis improba ferri
impedit et motae somnum solvere catenae. 110
obriguit visis; gaudet non vera fuisse;
complexu caruisse dolet. penetralibus amens
prosilit et tali compellat voce Cybeben:
“Iam non ulterius Phrygia tellure morabor,
sancta parens: revocat tandem custodia cari 115
pignoris et cunctis obiecti fraudibus anni.
grain. When, therefore, she was at last able to recognize her daughter, albeit with doubtful gaze, she cried: “What crime hath merited these many punishments? Whence comes this dreadful wasting away? Who hath power to wreak such cruelty upon me? How have thy soft arms deserved fetters of stubborn iron, scarce fitted for beasts? Art thou my daughter or does a vain shadow deceive me?”
Thus she answered: “Cruel mother, forgetful of thy daughter’s fate, more hard of heart than the tawny lioness! Could’st thou be so heedless of me? Didst thou hold me cheap for that I am thy sole daughter? Dear indeed to thee must be the name of Proserpine who now, shut in this vast cavern, as thou seest, am plagued with torment! Hast thou heart to dance, cruel mother? Canst thou revel through the cities of Phrygia? If thou hast not banished the mother from thy breast, if thou, Ceres, art really my mother and ’twas no Hyrcanian tiger gave me birth, save me, I pray thee, from this prison and restore me to the upper world. If the fates forbid my return come thou down at least and visit me.”
So spake she and strove to hold out her trembling hands. The iron’s ruthless strength forbade it, and the clangour of the chains awoke her sleeping mother. Ceres lay stiff with terror at the vision, rejoices that it was not true, but grieves that she cannot embrace her daughter. Maddened with fear she rushes out of the cavern and thus addresses Cybele: “No longer now will I tarry in the land of Phrygia, holy mother; the duty of protecting my dear daughter calls me back after so long an absence, for she is of an age that is exposed to many dangers. I put not
nec mihi Cyclopum quamvis extructa caminis
culmina fida satis. timeo ne fama latebras
prodiderit leviusque meum Trinacria celet
depositum. terret nimium vulgata locorum 120
nobilitas. aliis sedes obscurior oris
exquirenda mihi; gemitu flammisque propinquis
Enceladi nequeunt umbracula nostra taceri.
somnia quin etiam variis infausta figuris
saepe monent, nullusque dies non triste minatur 125
augurium. quotiens flaventia serta comarum
sponte cadunt! quotiens exundat ab ubere sanguis!
larga vel invito prorumpunt flumina vultu
iniussaeque manus mirantia pectora tundunt.
si buxus inflare velim, ferale gemiscunt; 130
tympana si quatiam, planctus mihi tympana reddunt.
ah vereor, ne quid portendant omina veri!
hae longae nocuere morae!”
“Procul inrita venti
dicta ferant” subicit Cybele; “nec tanta Tonanti
segnities, ut non pro pignore fulmina mittat. 135
i tamen et nullo turbata revertere casu.”
Haec ubi, digreditur templis. sed nulla ruenti
mobilitas: tardos queritur non ire dracones
inmeritasque movens alterno verbere pennas
Sicaniam quaerit, cum necdum absconderit Idam. 140
cuncta pavet speratque nihil. sic aestuat ales,
quae teneros humili fetus commiserit orno
adlatura cibos, et plurima cogitat absens:
ne gracilem ventus decusserit arbore nidum,
ne furtum pateant homini, ne praeda colubris. 145
complete trust in my palace, though built with iron from the Cyclops’ furnace. I fear lest rumour disclose her hiding-place and Sicily too lightly guard my trust. The fame of that place too widely bruited abroad alarms me; needs must I find elsewhere some obscurer abode. Our retreat must be on all men’s tongues by reason of the groanings of Enceladus and the neighbour flames. Ill-omened dreams, too, with diverse visions often give me pause, and no day passes but brings some inauspicious hap. How often has my crown of golden ears fallen of itself! How often blood flowed from my breast! In mine own despite streams of tears course down my cheeks and unbidden my hands beat my astonished breast. Would I blow up the flute, funereal is the note; do I shake the cymbals, the cymbals echo a sound of mourning. Alas! I fear there is some trouble in these portents. This long sojourn, has wrought me woe.”
“May the wind carry far away thy vain words,” replies Cybele; “not such the Thunderer’s want of care that he would not hurl his bolt in his daughter’s defence. Yet go and return, dismayed by no evil hap.”
This said, Ceres left the temple; but no speed is enough for her haste; she complains that her sluggish dragons scarce move, and, lashing the wings now of this one and now of that (though little they deserved it), she hopes to reach Sicily e’er yet out of sight of Ida. She fears everything and hopes nothing, anxious as the bird that has entrusted its unfledged brood to a low-growing ash and while absent gathering food has many fears lest perchance the wind has blown the fragile nest from the tree, lest her young ones be exposed to the theft of man or the greed of snakes.
Ut domus excubiis incustodita remotis
et resupinati neglecto cardine postes
flebilis et tacitae species adparuit aulae,
non expectato respectu cladis amictus
conscidit et fractas cum crine avellit aristas. 150
haeserunt lacrimae; nec vox aut spiritus oris
redditur, atque imis vibrat tremor ossa medullis;
succidui titubant gressus; foribusque reclusis,
dum vacuas sedes et desolata pererrat
atria, semirutas confuso stamine telas 155
atque interceptas agnoscit pectinis artes.
divinus perit ille labor, spatiumque relictum
audax sacrilego supplebat aranea textu.
Nec deflet plangitve malum; tantum oscula telae
figit et abrumpit mutas in fila querellas; 160
attritosque manu radios proiectaque pensa
cunctaque virgineo sparsa oblectamina ludo
ceu natam pressat gremio; castumque cubile
desertosque toros et, sicubi sederat olim,
perlegit: attonitus stabulo ceu pastor inani, 165
cui pecus aut rabies Poenorum inopina leonum
aut populatrices infestavere catervae;
serus at ille redit vastataque pascua lustrans
non responsuros ciet imploratque iuvencos.
Atque ibi secreta tectorum in parte iacentem 170
conspicit Electram, natae quae sedula nutrix
Oceani priscas inter notissima Nymphas.
par Cereri pietas; haec post cunabula dulci
ferre sinu summoque Iovi deducere parvam
sueverat et genibus ludentem aptare paternis. 175
When she saw the gate-keepers fled, the house unguarded, the rusted hinges, the overthrown doorposts, and the miserable state of the silent halls, pausing not to look again at the disaster, she rent her garment and tore away the shattered corn-ears along with her hair. She could not weep nor speak nor breathe and a trembling shook the very marrow of her bones; her faltering steps tottered. She flung open the doors and wandering through the empty rooms and deserted halls, recognized the half-ruined warp with its disordered threads and the work of the loom broken off. The goddess’ labours had come to naught, and what remained to be done, that the bold spider was finishing with her sacrilegious web.
She weeps not nor bewails the ill; only kisses the loom and stifles her dumb complaints amid the threads, clasping to her bosom, as though it had been her child, the spindles her child’s hand had touched, the wool she had cast aside, and all the toys scattered in maiden sport. She scans the virgin bed, the deserted couch, and the chair where Proserpine had sat: even as a herd, whose drove the unexpected fury of an African lion or bands of marauding beasts have attacked, gazes in amaze at the vacant stall, and, too late returned, wanders through the emptied pastures, sadly calling to the unreplying steers.
And there, in the innermost parts of the house, she saw lying Electra, loving nurse of Proserpine, best known among the old Nymphs of Ocean; she who loved Proserpine as did Ceres. ’Twas she who, when Proserpine had left her cradle, would bear her in her loving bosom and bring the little girl to mighty Jove and set her to play on her father’s
haec comes, haec custos, haec proxima mater haberi.
tunc laceras effusa comas et pulvere cano
sordida sidereae raptus lugebat alumnae.
Hanc adgressa Ceres, postquam suspiria tandem
laxavit frenosque dolor: “quod cernimus” inquit 180
“excidium? cui praeda feror? regnatne maritus
an caelum Titanes habent? quae talia vivo
ausa Tonante manus? rupitne Typhoia cervix
Inarimen? fractane iugi compage Vesevi
Alcyoneus Tyrrhena pedes per stagna cucurrit? 185
an vicina mihi quassatis faucibus Aetna
protulit Enceladum? nostros an forte penates
adpetiit centum Briareia turba lacertis?
heu, ubi nunc es, nata, mihi? quo, mille ministrae,
quo, Cyane? volucres quae vis Sirenas abegit? 190
haecine vestra fides? sic fas aliena tueri
pignora?”
Contremuit nutrix, maerorque pudori
cedit, et adspectus miserae non ferre parentis
emptum morte velit longumque inmota moratur
auctorem dubium certumque expromere funus. 195
vix tamen haec:
“Acies utinam vesana Gigantum
hanc dederit cladem! levius communia tangunt.
sed divae, multoque minus quod rere, sorores
in nostras (nimium!) coniuravere ruinas.
insidias superum, cognatae vulnera cernis 200
invidiae. Phlegra nobis infensior aether.
“Florebat tranquilla domus; nec limina virgo
knee. She was her companion, her guardian, and could be deemed her second mother. There, with torn and dishevelled hair, all foul with grey dust, she was lamenting the rape of her divine foster-child.
Ceres approached her, and when at length her grief allowed her sighs free rein: “What ruin is here?” she said. “Of what enemy am I become the victim? Does my husband yet rule or do the Titans hold heaven? What hand hath dared this, if the Thunderer be still alive? Have Typhon’s shoulders forced up Inarime or does Alcyoneus course on foot through the Etruscan Sea, having burst the bonds of imprisoning Vesuvius? Or has the neighbouring mountain of Etna oped her jaws and expelled Enceladus? Perchance Briareus with his hundred arms has attacked my house? Ah, my daughter, where art thou now? Whither are fled my thousand servants, whither Cyane? What violence has driven away the winged Sirens? Is this your faith? Is this the way to guard another’s treasure?”
The nurse trembled and her sorrow gave place to shame; fain would she have died could she so escape the gaze of that unhappy mother, and long stayed she motionless, hesitating to disclose the suspected criminal and the all too certain death. Scarce could she thus speak: “Would that the raging band of Giants had wrought this ruin! Easier to bear is a common lot. ’Tis the goddesses, and, though thou wilt scarce credit it, her own sisters, who have conspired to our undoing. Thou seest the devices of gods and wounds inflicted by sisters’ jealousy. Heaven is a more cruel enemy than Hell.
“All quiet was the house, the maiden dared not
linquere nec virides audebat visere saltus
praeceptis obstricta tuis. telae labor illi;
Sirenes requies. sermonum gratia mecum, 205
mecum somnus erat cautique per atria ludi:
cum subito (dubium quonam monstrante latebras
rescierit) Cytherea venit suspectaque nobis
ne foret, hinc Phoeben comites, hinc Pallada iunxit.
protinus effuso laetam se fingere risu 210
nec semel amplecti nomenque iterare sororis
et dura de matre queri, quae tale recessu
maluerit damnare decus vetitamque dearum
colloquio patriis procul amandaverit astris.
nostra rudis gaudere malis et nectare largo 215
instaurare dapes. nunc arma habitumque Dianae
induitur digitisque attemptat mollibus arcum,
nunc crinita iubis galeam, laudante Minerva,
implet et ingentem clipeum gestare laborat.
“Prima Venus campos Aetnaeaque rura maligno 220
ingerit adflatu. vicinos callida flores
ingeminat meritumque loci velut inscia quaerit
nec credit, quod bruma rosas innoxia servet,
quod gelidi rubeant alieno genuine menses
verna nec iratum timeant virgulta Booten. 225
dum loca miratur, studio dum flagrat eundi,
persuadet; teneris heu lubrica moribus aetas!
quos ego nequidquam planctus, quas inrita fudi
o’erstep the threshold nor visit the grassy pastures, close bound by thy commands. The loom gave her work, the Sirens with their song relaxation—with me she held pleasant converse, with me she slept; safe delights were hers within the halls. Then suddenly Cytherea came (who showed her the way to our hid abode I know not), and, that she might not rouse our suspicions, she brought with her Diana and Minerva, attending her on either side. Straightway with beaming smiles she put on a pretence of joy, kissed Proserpine many a time, and repeated the name of sister, complaining of that hard-hearted mother who chose to condemn such beauty to imprisonment and complaining that by forbidding her intercourse with the goddesses she had removed her far from her father’s heaven. My unwitting charge rejoiced in these evil words and bade a feast be spread with plentiful nectar. Now she dons Diana’s arms and dress and tries her bow with her soft fingers. Now crowned with horse-hair plumes she puts on the helmet, Minerva commending her, and strives to carry her huge shield.
“Venus was the first with guileful suggestion to mention fields and the vale of Henna. Cunningly she harps upon the nearness of the flowery mead, and as though she knew it not, asks what merits the place boasts, pretending not to believe that a harmless winter allows the roses to bloom, that the cold months are bright with flowers not rightly theirs, and that the spring thickets fear not there Boötes’ wrath. So with her wonderment, her passion to see the spot, she persuades Proserpine. Alas! how easily does youth err with its weak ways! What tears did I not shed to no purpose, what vain
ore preces! ruit illa tamen confisa sororum
praesidio; famulae longo post ordine Nymphae. 230
“Itur in aeterno vestitos gramine colles
et prima sub luce legunt, cum rore serenus
albet ager sparsosque bibunt violaria sucos.
sed postquam medio sol altior institit axi,
ecce polum nox foeda rapit tremefactaque nutat 235
insula cornipedum pulsu strepituque rotarum.
nosse nec aurigam licuit: seu mortifer ille
seu Mors ipsa fuit. livor permanat in herbas;
deficiunt rivi; squalent rubigine prata
et nihil adflatum vivit: pallere ligustra, 240
expirare rosas, decrescere lilia vidi.
ut rauco reduces tractu detorsit habenas,
nox sua prosequitur currum, lux redditur orbi.
Persephone nusquam. voto rediere peracto
nec mansere deae. mediis invenimus arvis 245
exanimem Cyanen: cervix redimita iacebat
et caligantes marcebant fronte coronae.
adgredimur subito et casus scitamur eriles
(nam propior cladi steterat): quis vultus equorum?
quis regat? illa nihil, tacito sed laesa veneno 250
solvitur in laticem: subrepit crinibus umor;
liquitur in roremque pedes et brachia manant
nostraque mox lambit vestigia perspicuus fons.
discedunt aliae. rapidis Acheloides alis
sublatae Siculi latus obsedere Pelori 255
entreaties did my lips not utter! Away she flew, trusting to the sisters’ protection; the scattered company of attendant nymphs followed after her.
“They went to the hills clothed with undying grass and gather flowers ’neath the twilight of dawn, when the quiet meads are white with dew and violets drink the scattered moisture. But when the sun had mounted to higher air at noon, behold! murky night hid the sky and the island trembled and shook beneath the beat of horses’ hoofs and the rumble of wheels. Who the charioteer was none might tell—whether he was the harbinger of death or it was Death himself. Gloom spread through the meadows, the rivers stayed their courses, the fields were blighted, nor did aught live, once touched with those horses’ breath. I saw the bryony pale, the roses fade, the lilies wither. When in his roaring course the driver turned back his steeds the night it brought accompanied the chariot and light was restored to the world. Proserpine was nowhere to be seen. Their vows fulfilled, the goddesses had returned and tarried not. We found Cyane half dead amid the fields; there she lay, a garland round her neck and the blackened wreaths faded upon her forehead. At once we approached her and inquired after her mistress’s fortune, for she had been a witness of the disaster. What, we asked, was the aspect of the horses; who their driver? Naught said she, but corrupted with some hidden venom, dissolved into water. Water crept amid her hair; legs and arms melted and flowed away, and soon a clear stream washed our feet. The rest are gone; the Sirens, Achelous’ daughters, rising on rapid wing, have occupied the coast of Sicilian Pelorus, and in wrath
accensaeque malo iam non impune canoras
in pestem vertere lyras: vox blanda carinas
adligat; audito frenantur carmine remi.
sola domi luctu senium tractura relinquor.”
Haeret adhuc suspensa Ceres et singula demens 260
ceu nondum transacta timet; mox lumina torquens
vultu ad caelicolas furiato pectore fertur.
arduus Hyrcana quatitur sic matre Niphates,
cuius Achaemenio regi ludibria natos
advexit tremebundus eques: fremit illa marito 265
mobilior Zephyro totamque virentibus iram
dispergit maculis timidumque hausura profundo
ore virum vitreae tardatur imagine formae.
Haud aliter toto genetrix bacchatur Olympo
“reddite” vociferans. “non me vagus edidit amnis; 270
non Dryadum de plebe sumus. turrita Cybebe
me quoque Saturno genuit. quo iura deorum,
quo leges cecidere poli? quid vivere recte
proderit? en audet noti Cytherea pudoris
ostentare suos post Lemnia vincula vultus! 275
hos animos bonus ille sopor castumque cubile
praebuit! amplexus hoc promeruere pudici!
nec mirum, si turpe nihil post talia ducit.
quid vos expertes thalami? tantumne relictus
at this crime now turned their lyres to man’s destruction, tuneful now for ill. Their sweet voices stay ships, but once that song is heard the oars can move no more. I alone am left in the house to drag out an old age of mourning.”
Ceres is still a prey to anxiety; half distraught she fears everything as though all were not yet accomplished. Anon she turns her head and eyes to heaven and with raging breast inveighs against its denizens; even as lofty Niphates shakes to the roaring of the Hyrcan tigress whose cubs the terrified horseman has carried off to be the playthings of Persia’s king. Speedier than the west wind that is her paramour[129] rushes the tigress, anger blazing from her stripes, but just as she is about to engulf the terrified hunter in her capacious maw, she is checked by the mirrored image of her own form[130]: so the mother of Proserpine rages over all Olympus crying: “Give her back; no wandering stream gave me birth; I spring not from the Dryad rabble. Towered Cybele bare me also to Saturn. Where are the ordinances of the gods, where the laws of heaven? What boots it to live a good life? See, Cytherea dares show her face (modest goddess!) even after her Lemnian[131] bondage! ’Tis that chaste sleep and a loverless couch have given her this courage! This is, I suppose, the reward of those maidenly embraces! Small wonder that after such infamy she account nothing disgraceful. Ye goddesses that have known not marriage, is it thus that ye neglect the honour due to virginity?
[129] marito Zephyro (ll. 265, 266) refers to the theory of impregnation by wind commonly accepted by the ancients (see Arist. H.A. vi. 19; Verg. Georg. iii. 275, etc.).
[130] It was supposed that the robbed tigress on being confronted with a convex mirror supposed the reduced image to be her cub and contentedly retired with the mirror in her mouth. Another story makes the tigress vent her anger on an ordinary (not convex) mirror.
[131] A reference to the binding by Hephaestus (to whom Lemnos was sacred) of Ares and Aphrodite whom he had surprised in adulterous intercourse. The story is told in Homer (Θ 266 et sqq.). Statius (Silv. i. 2. 60) uses this very phrase “Lemnia vincula.”
virginitatis honos? tantum mutata voluntas? 280
iam Veneri iunctae, sociis raptoribus, itis?
o templis Scythiae atque hominem sitientibus aris
utraque digna coli! tanti quae causa furoris?
quam mea vel tenui dicto Proserpina laesit?
scilicet aut caris pepulit te, Delia, silvis 285
aut tibi commissas rapuit, Tritonia, pugnas.
an gravis eloquio? vestros an forte petebat
importuna choros? atqui Trinacria longe,
esset ne vobis oneri, deserta colebat.
quid latuisse iuvat? rabiem livoris acerbi 290
nulla potest placare quies.”
His increpat omnes
vocibus. ast illae (prohibet sententia patris)
aut reticent aut nosse negant responsaque matri
dant lacrimas. quid agat? rursus se victa remittit
inque humiles devecta preces:
“Ignoscite, si quid 295
intumuit pietas, si quid flagrantius actum
quam miseros decuit. supplex miserandaque vestris
advolvor genibus: liceat cognoscere sortem:
hoc tantum liceat—certos habuisse dolores.
scire peto, quae forma mali; quamcumque dedistis 300
fortunam, sit nota: feram fatumque putabo,
non scelus. adspectum, precor, indulgete parenti;
non repetam. quaesita manu securus habeto
quisquis es; adfirmo praedam; desiste vereri.
quodsi nos aliquo praevenit foedere raptor, 305
tu certe, Latona, refer; confessa Diana
forte tibi. nosti quid sit Lucina, quis horror
Have ye so changed your counsel? Do ye now go allied with Venus and her accomplice ravishers? Worthy each of you to be worshipped in Scythian temples and at altars that lust after human blood. What hath caused such great anger? Which of you has my Proserpine wronged even in her slightest word? Doubtless she drove thee, Delian goddess, from thy loved woods, or deprived thee, Triton-born, of some battle thou hadst joined. Did she plague you with talk? Break rudely upon your dances? Nay, that she might be no burden to you, she dwelt far away in the solitudes of Sicily. What good hath her retirement done her? No peace can still the madness of bitter jealousy.”
Thus she upbraids them all. But they, obedient to the Father’s word, keep silence or say they know nothing, and make tears their answer to the mother’s questionings. What can she do? She ceases, beaten, and in turn descends to humble entreaty. “If a mother’s love swelled too high or if I have done aught more boldly than befitted misery, oh forgive! A suppliant and wretched I fling me at your feet; grant me to learn my doom; grant me at least this much—sure knowledge of my woes. Fain would I know the manner of this ill; whatsoever fortune ye have visited upon me that will I bear and account it fate, not injustice. Grant a parent the sight of her child; I ask her not back. Whosoever thou art, possess in peace what thine hand has taken. The prey is thine, fear not. But if the ravisher has thwarted me, binding you by some oath, yet do thou, at least, Latona, tell me his name; to thee mayhap Diana hath confessed her knowledge. Thou hast known childbirth, the anxiety
pro genitis et quantus amor, partusque tulisti
tu geminos: haec una mihi. sic crine fruaris
semper Apollineo, sic me felicior aevum 310
mater agas.”
Largis tunc imbribus ora madescunt.
“quid? tantum dignum fleri dignumque taceri?
hei mihi, discedunt omnes. quid vana moraris
ulterius? non bella palam caelestia sentis?
quin potius natam pelago terrisque requiris? 315
accingar lustrare diem, per devia rerum
indefessa ferar. nulla cessabitur hora,
non requies, non somnus erit, dum pignus ademptum
inveniam, gremio quamvis mergatur Hiberae
Tethyos et Rubro iaceat vallata profundo. 320
non Rheni glacies, non me Riphaea tenebunt
frigora; non dubio Syrtis cunctabitur aestu.
stat finem penetrare Noti Boreaeque nivalem
vestigare domum; primo calcabitur Atlas
occasu facibusque meis lucebit Hydaspes. 325
impius errantem videat per rura, per urbes
Iuppiter; extincta satietur paelice Iuno.
insultate mihi, caelo regnate superbi,
ducite praeclarum Cereris de stirpe triumphum!”
Haec fatur notaeque iugis inlabitur Aetnae 330
noctivago taedas informatura labori.
Lucus erat prope flumen Acin, quod candida praefert
saepe mari pulchroque secat Galatea natatu,
densus et innexis Aetnaea cacumina ramis
qua licet usque tegens. illic posuisse cruentam 335
and love for children; to offspring twain hast thou given birth; this was mine only child. So mayest thou ever enjoy Apollo’s locks, so mayest thou live a happier mother than I.”
Plenteous tears then bedewed her cheeks. She continued: “Why these tears? why this silence? Woe is me; all desert me. Why tarriest thou yet to no purpose? Seest thou not ’tis open war with heaven? were it not better to seek again thy daughter by sea and land? I will gird myself and scour the world, unwearied I will penetrate its every corner, nor ever stay my search, nor rest nor sleep till I find my reft treasure, though she lie whelmed in the Spanish Ocean bed or hedged around in the depths of the Red Sea. Neither ice-bound Rhine nor Alpine frosts shall stay me; the treacherous tides of Syrtes shall not give me pause. My purpose holds to penetrate the fastnesses of the North and to tread the snowy home of Boreas. I will climb Atlas on the brink of the sunset and illumine Hydaspes’ stream with my torches. Let wicked Jove behold me wandering through towns and country, and Juno’s jealousy be sated with her rival’s ruin. Have your sport with me, triumph in heaven, proud gods, celebrate your illustrious victory o’er Ceres’ conquered daughter.”
So spake she and glides down upon Etna’s familiar slopes, there to fashion torches to aid her night-wandering labours.
There was a wood, hard by the stream of Acis, which fair Galatea oft chooses in preference to Ocean and cleaves in swimming with her snowy breast—a wood dense with foliage that closed in Etna’s summit on all sides with interwoven branches. “Tis there that Jove is said to have laid down his
aegida captivamque pater post proelia praedam
advexisse datur. Phlegraeis silva superbit
exuviis totumque nemus victoria vestit.
hic patuli rictus et prodigiosa Gigantum
tergora dependent, et adhuc crudele minantur 340
adfixae truncis facies, inmaniaque ossa
serpentum passim cumulis exanguibus albent,
et rigidae multo suspirant fulmine pelles;
nullaque non magni iactat se nominis arbor:
haec centumgemini strictos Aegaeonis enses 345
curvata vix fronde levat; liventibus illa
exultat Coei spoliis; haec arma Mimantis
sustinet; hos onerat ramos exutus Ophion.
altior at cunctis abies umbrosaque late
ipsius Enceladi fumantia gestat opima, 350
summi terrigenum regis, caderetque gravata
pondere, ni lassam fulciret proxima quercus.
inde timor numenque loco, nemorisque senectae
parcitur, aetheriisque nefas nocuisse tropaeis.
pascere nullus oves nec robora laedere Cyclops 355
audet et ipse fugit sacra Polyphemus ab umbra.
Non tamen hoc tardata Ceres. accenditur ultro
relligione loci vibratque infesta securim
ipsum etiam feritura Iovem: succidere pinus
aut magis enodes dubitat prosternere cedros 360
exploratque habiles truncos rectique tenorem
stipitis et certo pertemptat brachia nisu.
sic, qui vecturus longinqua per aequora merces
molitur tellure ratem vitamque procellis
obiectare parat, fagos metitur et alnos 365
bloody shield and set his captured spoil after the battle. The grove glories in trophies from the plain of Phlegra and signs of victory clothe its every tree. Here hang the gaping jaws and monstrous skins of the Giants; affixed to trees their faces still threaten horribly, and heaped up on all sides bleach the huge bones of slaughtered serpents. Their stiffening sloughs smoke with the blow of many a thunderbolt, and every tree boasts some illustrious name. This one scarce supports on its down-bended branches the naked swords of hundred-handed Aegaeon; that glories in the murky trophies of Coeus; this bears up the arms of Mimas; spoiled Ophion weighs down those branches. But higher than all the other trees towers a pine, its shady branches spread wide, and bears the reeking arms of Enceladus himself, all powerful king of the Earth-born giants; it would have fallen beneath the heavy burden did not a neighbouring oak-tree support its wearied weight. Therefore the spot wins awe and sanctity; none touches the aged grove, and ’tis accounted a crime to violate the trophies of the gods. No Cyclops dares pasture there his flock nor hew down the trees, Polyphemus himself flies from the hallowed shade.
Not for that did Ceres stay her steps; the very sanctity of the place inflames her wrath; with angry hand she brandishes her axe, ready to strike Jove himself. She hesitates whether to cut down pines or lay low knotless cedars, scans likely trunks and lofty trees and shakes their branches with vigorous hand. Even so when a man, fain to carry merchandise over distant seas, builds a ship on dry land and makes ready to expose his life to the tempest, he hews down
et varium rudibus silvis accommodat usum:
quae longa est, tumidis praebebit cornua velis;
quae fortis, clavo potior; quae lenta, favebit
remigio: stagni patiens aptanda carinae.
Tollebant geminae capita inviolata cupressus 370
caespite vicino: quales non rupibus Idae
miratur Simois, quales non divite ripa
lambit Apollinei nemoris nutritor Orontes.
germanas adeo credas; sic frontibus aequis
adstant et socio despectant vertice lucum. 375
hae placuere faces. pernix invadit utramque
cincta sinus, exerta manus, armata bipenni
alternasque ferit totisque obnixa trementes
viribus impellit. pariter traxere ruinam
et pariter posuere comas campoque recumbunt, 380
Faunorum Dryadumque dolor. complectitur ambas,
sicut erant, alteque levat retroque solutis
crinibus ascendit fastigia montis anheli
exuperatque aestus et nulli pervia saxa
atque indignantes vestigia calcat harenas: 385
qualis pestiferas animare ad crimina taxos
torva Megaera ruit, Cadmi seu moenia poscat
sive Thyesteis properet saevire Mycenis:
dant tenebrae manesque locum plantisque resultant
Tartara ferratis, donec Phlegethontis ad undam 390
constitit et plenos excepit lampade fluctus.
Postquam perventum scopuli flagrantis in ora,
protinus arsuras aversa fronte cupressus
faucibus iniecit mediis lateque cavernas
texit et undantem flammarum obstruxit hiatum. 395
beech and elm and marks the diverse utility of the yet growing forest; the lofty tree he selects as yardarms for the swelling sail; the strong he prefers as a mast; the pliant will make good oars; the waterproof is suitable for the keel.
Two cypresses in the grass hard by raised their inviolate heads to heaven; Simois looks not on such in amaze amid the crags of Ida, nor does Orontes water their like, Orontes that feeds Apollo’s grove and harbours rich cities on his banks. You would know them for sisters for they tower equal in height and look down upon the wood with twin tops. These she would have as torches; she attacks each with vigorous blows, her gown girt back, her arms bared and armed with the axe. First one she strikes, then the other, and rains blows upon their trembling trunks with might and main. Together they crash to the ground, lay their foliage in the dust and lie upon the plain, wept of Fauns and wood-nymphs. She seizes both just as they are, uplifts them and, with hair out-streaming behind her, climbs panting the slopes of the mountain, passes beyond the flames and inaccessible precipices, and treads the lava that brooks no mortal footstep: even as the grim Megaera hastens to kindle yew-trees to light her to crime, speeding her journey to the walls of Cadmus’ city or meaning to work her devilment in Thyestean Mycenae; darkness and the shades give her passage, and Hell rings to her iron tread, till she halts beside Phlegethon’s wave and fires her torch from its brimming waves.
When she had climbed to the mouth of the burning rock, straightway, turning aside her head, she thrust the kindling cypresses into its inmost depths, thus closing in the cavern on all sides and stopping up the
compresso mons igne tonat claususque laborat
Mulciber: obducti nequeunt exire vapores.
coniferi micuere apices crevitque favillis
Aetna novis: strident admisso sulphure rami.
tum, ne deficerent tantis erroribus, ignes 400
semper inocciduos insopitosque manere
iussit et arcano perfudit robora suco,
quo Phaëthon inrorat equos, quo Luna iuvencos.
Iamque soporiferas nocturna silentia terris
explicuere vices: laniato pectore longas 405
incohat illa vias et sic ingressa profatur:
“Non tales gestare tibi, Proserpina, taedas
sperabam; sed vota mihi communia matrum
et thalami festaeque faces caeloque canendus
ante oculos hymenaeus erat. sic numina fatis 410
volvimur et nullo Lachesis discrimine saevit?
quam nuper sublimis eram quantisque procorum
cingebar studiis! quae non mihi pignus ob unum
cedebat numerosa parens! tu prima voluptas,
tu postrema mihi; per te fecunda ferebar. 415
o decus, o requies, o grata superbia matris,
qua gessi florente deam, qua sospite numquam
inferior Iunone fui: nunc squalida, vilis.
hoc placitum patri. cur autem adscribimus illum
his lacrimis? ego te, fateor, crudelis ademi, 420
quae te deserui solamque instantibus ultro
hostibus exposui. raucis secura fruebar
nimirum thiasis et laeta sonantibus armis
blazing exit of the flames. The mountain thunders with repressed fire and Vulcan is shut in a grievous prison; the enclosed smoke cannot escape. The cone-bearing tops of the cypresses blaze and Etna grows with new ashes; the branches crackle, kindled with the sulphur. Then, lest their long journey should cause them to fail, she bids the flames never die nor sleep and drenches the wood with that secret drug[132] wherewith Phaëthon bedews his steeds and the Moon her bulls.
Silent night had now in her turn visited upon the world her gift of sleep. Ceres, with her wounded breast, starts on her long journey and, as she sets out, speaks as follows: “Little thought I, Proserpine, to carry for thee such torches as these. I had hoped what every mother hopes; marriage and festal torches and a wedding-song to be sung in heaven—such was my expectation. Are we divinities thus the sport of fate? does Lachesis vent her spleen on us as on mankind? How lofty was but now mine estate, surrounded with suitors innumerable for my daughter’s hand! What mother of many children but would have owned her my inferior by reason of my only daughter! Thou wast my first joy and my last; I was called prolific for that I bare thee. Thou wert my glory, my comfort, dear object of a mother’s pride; with thee alive I was goddess indeed, with thee safe I was Juno’s equal. Now am I outcast, beggared. ’Tis the Father’s will. Yet why make Jove answerable for my tears? ’Twas I who so cruelly undid thee, I confess it, for I deserted thee and heedlessly exposed thee to threatening foes. Too deeply was I enmeshed in careless enjoyment of shrill-voiced revel, and, happy amid the din of arms,
[132] A magic drug or herb on which the sun is said to have fed his horses in order to render them non-inflammable. Ovid tells how Phaëthon was treated by his father in a like way (Met. ii. 122).
iungebam Phrygios, cum tu raperere, leones.
accipe quas merui poenas. en ora fatiscunt 425
vulneribus grandesque rubent in pectore sulci.
immemor en uterus crebro contunditur ictu.
“Qua te parte poli, quo te sub cardine quaeram?
quis monstrator erit? quae me vestigia ducent?
qui currus? ferus ipse quis est? terraene, marisne 430
incola? quae volucrum deprendam signa rotarum?
ibo, ibo quocumque pedes, quocumque iubebit
casus; sic Venerem quaerat deserta Dione.
“Efficietne labor? rursus te, nata, licebit
amplecti? manet ille decor, manet ille genarum 435
fulgor? an infelix talem fortasse videbo,
qualis nocte venis, qualem per somnia vidi?”
Sic ait et prima gressus molitur ab Aetna
exitiique reos flores ipsumque rapinae
detestata locum sequitur dispersa viarum 440
indicia et pleno rimatur lumine campos
inclinatque faces, omnis madet orbita fletu;
omnibus admugit,[133] quocumque it in aequore, sulcis.[134]
adnatat umbra fretis extremaque lucis imago
Italiam Libyamque ferit: clarescit Etruscum 445
litus et accenso resplendent aequore Syrtes.
antra procul Scyllaea petit canibusque reductis
pars stupefacta silet, pars nondum exterrita latrat.
[133] Birt omnibus admugit. quocumque it in aequore, fulvis adnatat.…
[134] sulcis ς; fulvis FSV; silvis W.
I was yoking Phrygian lions whilst thou wast being carried off. Yet see the punishment visited upon me. My face is seared with wounds and long gashes furrow my bloody breast. My womb, forgetful that it gave thee birth, is beaten with continual blows.
“Where under heaven shall I find thee? Beneath what quarter of the sky? Who shall point the way, what path shall lead me? What chariot was it? Who was that cruel ravisher? A denizen of earth or sea? What traces of his wingèd wheels can I discover? Whithersoever my steps lead me or chance direct, thither will I go. Even so may Dione be deserted and seek for Venus!
“Will my labours be successful? Shall I ever again be blest with thine embrace, my daughter? Art thou still fair; still glows the brightness of thy cheeks? Or shall I perchance see thee as thou cam’st in my nightly vision; as I saw thee in my dreams?”
So spake she and from Etna first she drags her steps, and, cursing its guilty flowers and the spot whence Proserpine was ravaged, she follows the straying tracks of the chariot-wheels and examines the fields in the full light of her lowered torch. Every rut is wet with her tears; she weeps at each trace she espies in her wanderings over the plain. She glides a shadow o’er the sea and the farthest ray of her torches’ gleam strikes the coasts of Italy and Libya. The Tuscan shore grows bright and the Syrtes gleam with kindled wave. The light reaches the distant cave of Scylla, of whose dogs some shrink back and are still in dumb amaze, others, not yet horrified into silence, continue to bark.[135]
[135] For the unfinished state of the poem see Introduction, p. xiv.
INDEX OF POEMS
[The numbers in the right-hand column are those of Gesner’s edition retained by Birt]
| Panegyricus Probini et Olybrii | I. |
| In Rufinum I. praef. | II. |
| In Rufinum I | III. |
| In Rufinum II. praef. | IV. |
| In Rufinum II | V. |
| Bellum Gildonicum I | XV. |
| In Eutropium I | XVIII. |
| In Eutropium II. praef. | XIX. |
| In Eutropium II | XX. |
| Fescennina de nuptiis Honorii I | XI. |
| Fescennina II | XII. |
| Fescennina III | XIII. |
| Fescennina IV | XIV. |
| Epithalamii de nuptiis Honorii praef. | IX. |
| Epithalamium de nuptiis Honorii | X. |
| De tertio consulatu Honorii praef. | VI. |
| De tertio consulatu Honorii | VII. |
| De quarto consulatu Honorii | VIII. |
| Panegyrici Manlii Theodori praef. | XVI. |
| Panegyricus Manlii Theodori | XVII. |
| De consulatu Stilichonis I | XXI. |
| De consulatu Stilichonis II | [XXII.] |
| De consulatu Stilichonis III. praef. | [XXIII.] |
| De consulatu Stilichonis III | [XXIV.] |
| De sexto consulatu Honorii praef. | [XXVII.] |
| De sexto consulatu Honorii | [XXVIII.] |
| De bello Gothico praef. | [XXV.] |
| De bello Gothico | [XXVI.] |
| [380]c. m. I.: Ad Stilichonem | [XIII.] |
| c. m. II.: Descriptio portus Smyrnensis | [LXXXV.] |
| c. m. III.: Ad Aeternalem | [LXXXI.] |
| c. m. IV.: Descriptio armenti | [LIV.] |
| c. m. V.: Est in conspectu l.l. | [LXXXVI.] |
| c. m. VI.: Rimanti telum ira facit | [LXXVIII.] |
| c. m. VII.: De quadriga marmorea | [LXXXVII.] |
| c. m. VIII.: De Polycaste et Perdicca | [LXIX.] |
| c. m. IX.: De hystrice | [XLV.] |
| c. m. X.: De birro castoreo | [XCII.] |
| c. m. XI.: In sepulchrum speciosae | [XCI.] |
| c. m. XII.: De balneis Quintianis | [LXXXIV.] |
| c. m. XIII.: In podagrum | [LXXIX.] |
| c. m. XIV.: Ad Maximum | [LXXXII.] |
| c. m. XV.: De paupere amante | [LXXXIX.] |
| c. m. XVI.: De eodem | [XC.] |
| c. m. XVII.: De piis fratribus | [L.] |
| c. m. XVIII.: De mulabus Gallicis | [LI.] |
| c. m. XIX.: Ad Gennadium | [XLIII.] |
| c. m. XX.: De sene Veronensi | [LII.] |
| c. m. XXI.: De Theodoro et Hadriano | [LXXX.] |
| c. m. XXII.: Deprecatio ad Hadrianum | [XXXIX.] |
| c. m. XXIII.: Deprecatio in Alethium | [LXXIV.] |
| c. m. XXIV.: De locusta | [LXXXIII.] |
| c. m. XXV.: Epithalamium Palladii | [XXX., XXXI.] |
| c. m. XXVI.: Aponus | [XLIX.] |
| c. m. XXVII.: Phoenix | [XLIV.] |
| c. m. XXVIII.: Nilus | [XLVII.] |
| c. m. XXIX.: Magnes | [XLVIII.] |
| c. m. XXX.: Laus Serenae | [XXIX.] |
| c. m. XXXI.: Epistula ad Serenam | [XL.] |
| c. m. XXXII.: De Salvatore | [XCV.] |
| c. m. XXXIII.-XXXIX.: De crystallo | [LVI-LXII.] |
| c. m. XL.: Epistula ad Olybrium | [XLI.] |
| c. m. XLI.: Ad Probinum | [XLII.] |
| c. m. XLII.: De apro et leone | [LIII.] |
| c. m. XLIII.: In Curetium | [LXXV.] |
| c. m. XLIV.: In eundem Curetium | [LXXVI.] |
| c. m. XLV.: De concha | [LV.] |
| c. m. XLVI.: De chlamyde et frenis | [LXXII.] |
| c. m. XLVII.: De equo dono dato | [LXXIII.] |
| c. m. XLVIII.: De zona equi regii | [LXX.] |
| [381]c. m. XLIX.: De torpedine | [XLVI.] |
| c. m. L.: In Iacobum | [LXXVII.] |
| c. m. LI.: In sphaeram Archimedis | [LXVIII.] |
| c. m. LII.: Gigantomachia | [XXXVII.] |
| De raptu Proserpinae I. praef. | [XXXII.] |
| De raptu Proserpinae I. | [XXXIII.] |
| De raptu Proserpinae II. praef. | [XXXIV.] |
| De raptu Proserpinae II. | [XXXV.] |
| De raptu Proserpinae III. | [XXXVI.] |
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
[c. m. = Carmina minora]
- Abundantius, xviii. 154
- Academia, xvii. 94
- Achaemenius, x. 224; [xxxvi.] 264
- Acheloides = the Sirens, [xxxvi.] 254
- Acheloius, c. m. [30.] 174
- Acheron, [xxxiii.] 87, 227
- Acheronteus, [xxxv.] 351
- Achilles, v. 180; xi. 7; ix. 19; x. 16; vii. 60; viii. 367, 557; xxi. 99, 268; c. m. [22.] 13; [46.] 2
- Achilleus, c. m. [22.] 46
- Achivus, xx. 214; [xxviii.] 440; [xxvi.] 564; c. m. [46.] 7; v. 425; x. 179
- Acis, [xxxvi.] 332
- Actaeon, v. 419
- Actaeus = Attic, [xxxvi.] 54
- Actius, [xxvi.] 185
- Addua, [xxviii.] 195, 458, 488
- Adherbal, xv. 409
- Adonis, xi. 16
- Adriacus, v. 39
- Aeacides, Pyrrhus, [xxvi.] 125
- Aeacus, v. 456
- Aeëtes, [xxvi.] 3
- Aegaeon, the giant, [xxxii.] 46; [xxxvi.] 345
- Aegaeus, xx. 246; x. 133; xxi. 287;
- subst. = Aegean sea: i. 190; xx. 333; x. 162; c. m. [28.] 38; [52.] 117
- Aegyptius, xv. 61; xviii. 312; xx. 252; viii. 575
- Aegyptus, iii. 148; [xxvi.] 57; c. m. [27.] 89; [28.] 5
- Aelius, a family, [xxviii.] 420; c. m. [30.] 56;
- cf. [Traianus], [Ulpius]
- Aemilius Paullus, [xxviii.] 439;
- Paullus, [xxiv.] 33; [xxvi.] 126
- Aeneas, xxi. 98; c. m. [17.] 38
- Aeolius, [xxvi.] 224
- Aeolus, v. 23; vii. 97; c. m. [22.] 35; [xxxiii.] 74
- Aeternalis, c. m. [3.] title
- Aether, c. m. [52.] 61
- Aethiops, xv. 192; xviii. 179; viii. 35; xvii. 196; xxi. 180, 253, 351; [xxiv.] 337; c. m. [23.] 1; [25.] 62; [28.] 16
- Aethon, steed of dawn, viii. 561; [xxxiii.] 284 (?);
- one of the Loves, c. m. [25.] 140
- Aetna, vii. 161; [xxvii.] 18; c. m. [17.] 4, 33; [xxxiii.] 153, 154, 190; [xxxv.] 8; [xxxvi.] 186, 330, 399, 438
- Aetnaeus, xvii. 72; [xxxiii.] 160; [xxxvi.] 334
- Afer, xv. 84, 510
- [384]Africa, i. 60; xv. 136, 205, 207, 283, 324, 374, 453; viii. 25; xxi. 19, 275; [xxii.] 257, 392; [xxiv.] 105; [xxviii.] 367
- Agamemnonius, iii. 82; xv. 484
- Aganippe, xvii. 272; c. m. [31.] 61
- Aganippeus, c. m. [30.] 8
- Agaue, xx. 364
- Aiax, xx. 386
- Alamanni, [xxiv.] 17
- Alamannia, viii. 449; xxi. 234
- Alanus, [xxvi.] 583; iii. 312; v. 271; viii. 487; xxi. 109; [xxviii.] 224; [xxvi.] 581
- Alaricus, [xxviii.] 105, 154, 180, 223; [xxvi.] 431, 492, 546, 623
- Alastor, [xxxiii.] 286
- Albis, x. 278; viii. 452; xxi. 226
- Alcides, xv. 418; viii. 533; xvii. 288; c. m. [22.] 15; [30.] 174; [xxxiv.] 9
- Alcinous, c. m. [30.] 142
- Alcmena, viii. 536
- Alcyoneus, a giant, [xxxvi.] 185
- Alethius, c. m. [23.] title
- Alexander the Great, xxi. 268.
- See [Pellaeus] and [Porus].
- Allecto, iii. 26, 41; [xxxiii.] 280
- Allia, xv. 124
- Almon, xv. 119
- Aloeus, a giant, [xxvi.] 68
- Aloidae, [xxvi.] 74
- Alpheus, iv. 9; xxi. 186; [xxxv.] 61; xv. 483; [xxvi.] 575
- Alpinus, i. 255; v. 304; xv. 295; xii. 9; vii. 99; viii. 106, 637; xvii. 308; xxi. 317; [xxiv.] 241; [xxvi.] 363, 563; c. m. [35.] 1; [xxxv.] 176
- Alpis, i. 74, 105; v. 1, 124, 389; xv. 82, 230, 376; xviii. 432; xx. 505; x. 185; vii. 89; viii. 93, 357, 390, 442; [xxii.] 411; [xxiv.] 285, 307; [xxviii.] 266, 442; [xxvi.] 194, 198, 261, 283, 471, 532, 547, 641; c. m. [22.] 37; [50.] 3
- Amazon, xviii. 240; xi. 32; [xxxv.] 62
- Amazonius, xviii. 499; xx. 264; [xxxiv.] 37
- Ambitio, [xxii.] 114
- Ambitus, vii. 186
- Amniadae, i. 9
- Amor, xix. 63; x. 7, 47, 73, 97, 140, 153; [xxii.] 356; c. m. [8.] 1; [25.] 30, 110; [xxxiii.] 27
- Amphinomus, c. m. [17.] 41
- Amphion, [xxii.] 170
- Amphionius, viii. 532
- Amphitrite, x. 175; [xxvi.] 337
- = the sea; [xxxiii.] 104
- Amsanctus, [xxxv.] 350
- Amyclae, [xxvi.] 193; [xxxiii.] 135; [xxxv.] 133
- Anapis, c. m. [17.] 41
- Anaxagoras, xvii. 76 (note)
- Anaximenes, xvii. 70 (note)
- [385]Ancus Marcius, xv. 109
- Ancyra, xx. 98
- Ancyranus, xx. 416
- Anguis, constellation, [xxii.] 458
- Antaeus, a giant, iii. 288; [xxxiv.] 41
- Antenoreus, -a urbs = Padua c. m. [26.] 1
- Antiochus, xviii. 216; xx. 570; xxi. 371
- Antiphates, king of the Laestrygones, c. m. [30.] 22
- Aonius, iv. 3; v. 418; xx. 522; xvii. 271; [xxii.] 171
- Apis, viii. 576
- Apollineus, xx. 257; viii. 133; [xxxvi.] 310, 373
- Apollo, xi. 8; viii. 537; [xxiv.] 60; [xxviii.] 25; c. m. [3.] 4;
- see also [Phoebus] and [Delius]
- Aponus, c. m. [26.] title, 90
- Appenninigena, [xxviii.] 505
- Appenninus, viii. 106; [xxii.] 273; [xxiv.] 307; [xxviii.] 286
- Aquarius, [xxii.] 462
- Aquilo, viii. 242; xv. 515; x. 185; vii. 93; [xxii.] 396; [xxvi.] 60; c. m. [2.] 3
- Aquilonius, xii. 41
- Arabs, xviii. 226; vii. 71; viii. 258; xxi. 156
- Arar or Araris, v. 111; xviii. 405; xx. 269; xvii. 53; [xxvi.] 298
- Araxes, i. 160; iii. 376; xv. 31; xx. 569; viii. 387
- Arbogast, vii. 66 (note)
- Arcadia, iii. 286; v. 189; [xxvi.] 514
- Arcadius, v. 143; xv. 226; vii. 179; viii. 653; [xxii.] 79
- Arcas, vii. 165; viii. 471; c. m. [44.] 4
- Archimedes, c. m. [51.] title
- Arctos = the Great Bear, i. 26; xv. 501; viii. 190 (?); [xxvi.] 66, 246; [xxxv.] 189
- = the North: iii. 325; xv. 511; viii. 51; xxi. 246; [xxiv.] 93; [xxviii.] 336, 455; [xxvi.] 329; c. m. [52.] 11; [xxxv.] 63
- Arctous, v. 501; xviii. 403; xx. 158, 262; vii. 26, 170; viii. 24, 629; [xxvi.] 299
- Arcturus, i. 25
- Arethusa, iv. 11
- Arethusaeus, [xxxv.] 60
- Argaeus, the mountain, v. 31; xviii. 248; xx. 114;
- used adjectivally, c. m. [30.] 191; [47.] 5; [48.] 6
- Argi, [xxvi.] 576, 611; [xxxiv.] 9
- Argo, [xxvi.] 2
- Argolicus, [xxvi.] 629; c. m. [17.] 39
- Argous, [xxvi.] 16
- Argus, xxi. 312
- Aries, the constellation, [xxii.] 463
- Arinthaeus, xviii. 63, 478
- Arion, viii. 555; xvii. 284; xix. 73 (note)
- Armenius, v. 174; xviii. 47; xix. 55; x. 222; vii. 72; viii. 531; xxi. 157; v. 29, 108; xv. 243; xx. 307; viii. 307; c. m. [48.] 5
- Arsacius, xviii. 415; viii. 216
- Artaxerxes, xx. 476 (note)
- [386]Ascanius, viii. 193
- Asia, iii. 175; v. 36; xviii. 199; xx. 578; xxi. 88
- Assyrius, xviii. 340; [xxiv.] 164; [xxviii.] 86; xviii. 58; vii. 36; viii. 308; xxi. 52; c. m. [27.] 87; [xxxiv.] 96
- Astur, c. m. [30.] 75
- Athamanteus, iii. 81
- Athenae, xv. 405; xvii. 94, 152; [xxiv.] 162
- Athesis, xii. 11; [xxviii.] 196, 209; c. m. [25.] 106
- Athos, iii. 336; xx. 162; viii. 475; xxi. 127; [xxvi.] 177; c. m. [52.] 68
- Atlanteus, i. 35; x. 280
- Atlas, xv. 158, 316; vii. 108; viii. 35; xxi. 147, 249; [xxiv.] 336; [xxviii.] 104, 380; c. m. [52.] 23; [xxxiii.] 89; [xxxv.] 191; [xxxvi.] 324
- Atreus, xv. 400
- Atropos, xv. 203; [xxxii.] 218
- Attalus, xviii. 215
- Attis, xx. 362
- Avaritia, iii. 37; [xxii.] 113
- Avarities, vii. 185
- Auchenius, i. 8, 21
- Audacia, iii. 34; x. 81
- Aventinus, [xxii.] 405
- Avernus, v. 502; xv. 383; xviii. 450; [xxxiii.] 20, 116; [xxxv.] 348
- Augusta, legio, xv. 422
- Augustus (Octavianus), xviii. 218; viii. 642; [xxviii.] 117;
- see also [Caesar]
- Augustus (Theodosius, Honorius and Arcadius), i. 74, 108; ii. 17; iii. 245; v. 157, 366, 382; xv. 504; xiii. 8, 9; ix. title; x. 2; vi. title, 18; vii. 109; viii. title, 4; xvii. 256; xxi. 78; [xxii.] 166, 233, 289, 557; [xxiv.] 122, 178; [xxvii.] title; [xxviii.] 17, 362, 393, 617, 658; [xxvi.] 259, 318, 524; c. m. [1.] 8, 9; [30.] 64, 179; [32.] 20; [48.] title
- Aulis, xv. 485
- Auriga, the constellation, [xxviii.] 172
- Aurora, v. 100; xv. 61; xviii. 427; xx. 527; x. 270; vii. 69; viii. 130, 561; xxi. 155; [xxii.] 473; [xxviii.] 84; c. m. [30.] 116; [52.] 34; [xxxv.] 46
- Ausonia, [xxvi.] 291
- Ausonis, -ides, [xxvi.] 627
- Ausonius, i. 130; v. 82; viii. 566; [xxiv.] 186; [xxviii.] 203, 273; [xxvi.] 386
- Auster, iii. 90, 364; v. 348; xv. 1, 487, 515; xx. 261; xii. 43; viii. 29, 339, 428; xvii. 119; xxi. 269; [xxii.] 285, 395; [xxiv.] 71, 103, 345; [xxviii.] 329, 541; [xxvi.] 59; c. m. [26.] 91; [28.] 8; [30.] 203; [xxxv.] 200, 308
- Australis, xviii. 403; xx. 242; vii. 171; xxi. 248; [xxiv.] 17; c. m. [30.] 45
- Autololes, an African tribe, xxi. 356
- Autumnus, iii. 364; xvii. 119
- Babylon, xviii. 335; xx. 4, 15; vii. 201; viii. 653; xxi. 54
- [387]Babylonius, viii. 146; [xxviii.] 18
- Baccha, x. 217; [xxiv.] 365
- Bacchus, x. 271; vii. 208; viii. 604; [xxii.] 457; [xxiv.] 227; [xxxv.] 67;
- cf. [Bromius], [Euhius], [Iacchus], [Liber], [Lyaeus]
- Bactra, vii. 202; viii. 656
- Baetis, xii. 31; xvii. 286; [xxii.] 238
- Balearis, vii. 50
- Balius, Achilles’ horse, c. m. [46.] 9
- Barce, xv. 159
- Bartholomaeus, Saint, c. m. [50.] 6
- Bastarnae, viii. 450; xxi. 96
- Belga, cattle, xxi. 226
- Bellerophonteus, viii. 560
- Bellona, i. 121; iii. 342; v. 263; xviii. 314; xx. 110, 145; viii. 12; [xxii.] 371; [xxvi.] 34, 466
- Belus, xxi. 62
- Benacus, c. m. [20.] 18; [25.] 107
- Berecynthius, xx. 300
- Bessus, xvii. 41; [xxvi.] 179
- Bisaltae, xxi. 134
- Bistonius, xx. 565; vii. 111; viii. 54; [xxviii.] 441; [xxxiv.] 8
- Bithyni, xviii. 201; xx. 239, 467
- Bithynia, xx. 247
- Blemyes, c. m. [28.] 19
- Bocchus, xv. 94, 342; viii. 40; [xxviii.] 383
- Boötes, xv. 501; x. 274; vii. 170; viii. 186; xxi. 123; [xxxv.] 190; [xxxvi.] 225
- Boreas, viii. 29, 181; xxi. 217; [xxii.] 285; [xxvi.] 339; c. m. [22.] 36; [30.] 6; [36.] 3; [xxxiii.] 70; [xxxvi.] 323
- Bosphorus, iii. 174; xv. 225; xx. 28, 340; viii. 129, 177; xxi. 87; [xxviii.] 81
- Brennus, xv. 126; [xxvi.] 432
- Briareius, [xxxvi.] 188
- Briareus, xxi. 304
- Britannia, iii. 131; xviii. 393; viii. 73; xvii. 51; [xxii.] 247; [xxvi.] 568
- Britannus, v. 149; xv. 19; [xxiv.] 149; [xxvi.] 416; viii. 28; [xxiv.] 301; [xxvi.] 202; c. m. [30.] 40
- Britomartis, [xxiv.] 251, 303
- Bromius, vii. 132; viii. 132; [xxiv.] 365
- Brontes, one of the Cyclops, vii. 193
- Bructerus, viii. 451
- Brutus, viii. 440, 460; xx. 141; viii. 401; xvii. 163; [xxii.] 322, 323, 325, 383; [xxiv.] 192; [xxviii.] 642
- Busiris, iii. 254; xviii. 161; [xxiv.] 43
- Byzantinus, xx. 136
- Byzantius, xix. 57; xx. 415
- Byzas, xx. 83
- Cacus, [xxxv.] 43
- Cadmeius, x. 155
- Cadmus, xviii. 293; xxi. 318; [xxxvi.] 387
- Caesar, C. Iulius: xv. 49; viii. 311; [xxviii.] 400;
- Augustus: c. m. [40.] 23;
- [388]= Emperor, viii. 169
- Caesareus, xviii. 458; xii. 29; viii. 313
- Calchedon, x. 27, 451; viii. 177
- Calchedonius, v. 55
- Caledonius, viii. 26; [xxii.] 247; c. m. [30.] 45
- Callaecia, c. m. [30.] 71
- Calliope, xvii. 288; c. m. [30.] 1
- Calliopea, c. m. [31.] 20
- Calydon, c. m. [30.] 172
- Calypso, c. m. [30.] 24
- Camena, c. m. [30.] 15
- Camerina, [xxxv.] 59
- Camillus, i. 149; xv. 274; xviii. 439; xx. 54, 598; viii. 408; [xxii.] 390; [xxvi.] 430
- Campanus, xv. 110
- Cancer, the constellation, [xxii.] 460; c. m. [28.] 9
- Canis, the Dog-star, c. m. [38.] 33
- Cannae, [xxiv.] 145; [xxvi.] 387
- Cannensis, xv. 79
- Cantaber, c. m. [30.] 74
- Capaneius, c. m. [30.] 151
- Capitolium, viii. 318; [xxiv.] 32
- Cappadox, v. 31; xviii. 246; xx. 114; c. m. [30.] 192; [47.] 4
- Capreae, xx. 61; viii. 314
- Caralis, xv. 521
- Carmani, xviii. 354
- Carpathius, x. 137
- Carthago, xv. 77, 87, 190, 518; xviii. 334; xxi. 343, 383
- Carthago nova, [xxiii.] 15
- Carus, [xxv.] 74
- Caspius, v. 28; vii. 7; viii. 607; [xxxvi.] 105
- Castalius, iv. 7; [xxviii.] 27; c. m. [3.] 1
- Castor, i. 244; iii. 108; xi. 6; viii. 556; c. m. [10.] 2.
- See [Lacones]
- Catina, c. m. [17.] title
- Cato, xviii. 459; viii. 411; xvii. 165; [xxii.] 382
- Caucasius, xviii. 247; xx. 152; viii. 108: [xxvi.] 59; c. m. [27.] 32; [31.] 7
- Caucasus, iii. 152; xx. 574; xi. 31; vii. 20
- Caucus, viii. 379; xxi. 225
- Caurus, i. 132; v. 222; xv. 495; xx. 5; xii. 42; c. m. [28.] 3
- Cecropius, v. 191; xvii. 67; [xxxiii.] 11
- Celaenae, xx. 258
- Celaenaeus, [xxviii.] 278
- Celaeno, xx. 378
- Celerina, c. m. [25.] title, 23
- Celerinus, [ib.] 72
- Centaurus, ix. 13
- Cepheus, [xxvi.] 245
- Cephisus, ii. 10; [xxxv.] 136
- Ceraunia, v. 221; xxi. 174
- Cerberus, v. 457.
- See also [xxxiii.] 85 and [xxxiv.] 34
- Ceres, iii. 327; xviii. 325; xx. 270; [xxii.] 394; [xxvi.] 350, 466; c. m. [31.] 41; [xxxiii.] 107, 122, 138, 209, 221, 237; [xxxv.] 36, 372; [xxxvi.] 48, 55, 67, 105, 173, 179, 260, 329, 357
- Chaldaeus, iii. 148; viii. 147; xxi. 61; [xxviii.] 348
- Chaones, [xxvi.] 135
- [389]Chaonius, vii. 118; [xxxvi.] 47
- Chaos, v. 525; xv. 383; [xxii.] 9; [xxxiii.] 21; [xxxv.] 13, 196
- Charybdis, c. m. [30.] 20
- Chatti, [xxvi.] 420
- Chelae, the constellation, xvii. 120
- Cheruscus, viii. 452; [xxvi.] 420
- Chimaera, iii. 296
- Chiron, ix. 5
- Christus, c. m. [32.] 1
- Chrysippus, xvii. 89
- Chrysogonus, xviii. 440
- Chunus, xx. 338; xxi. 110;
- and see [Hunus]
- Cicero, c. m. [40.] 4
- Cilix, v. 33; xviii. 220; xx. 468
- Cimber, vii. 452; [xxvi.] 293, 645
- Cimbricus, [xxvi.] 335, 641
- Cimmerius, xviii. 249; xxi. 129
- Cinna, iii. 255
- Cinyphius, xv. 9; xviii. 405
- Cinyps, xxi. 251
- Circaeus, [xxii.] 134; [xxvi.] 441
- Circe, iii. 153; c. m. [30.] 21
- Cirrhaeus, ii. 2; c. m. [52.] 35; [xxxiv.] 23
- Clarius, [xxxiii.] 136
- Claudia, c. m. [30.] 18, 28
- Claudius, the family, xviii. 456
- Cleantheus, xvii. 88
- Clementia, xvii. 166; [xxii.] 6, 9
- Cleonaeus, iii. 285
- Clio, xvii. 291
- Clitumnus, [xxviii.] 506; c. m. [4.] 3
- Cloelia, xviii. 447; c. m. [30.] 17
- Cocles, xviii. 445; viii. 406; [xxviii.] 487
- Cocytius, v. 471
- Cocytus, v. 467; [xxxiii.] 87, 281; [xxxv.] 353
- Coeus, [xxxvi.] 347
- Colchus, xxi. 155; [xxvi.] 3
- Collinus, xv. 86
- Concordia, iii. 52; x. 203
- Constantia, [xxii.] 108
- Constantinus, xx. 83
- Corinthus, v. 190; viii. 462; [xxvi.] 612;
- and see [Ephyre]
- Cornelia, c. m. [30.] 42
- Corona, constellation, x. 272; [xxiv.] 208
- Corsica, xv. 506;
- and see [Cyrnos]
- Corus. See [Caurus]
- Corvinus, xviii. 460
- Corybas, xx. 285; viii. 150; [xxxiii.] 210
- Crassus, xviii. 503
- Cres, c. m. [4.] 11
- Cressus, [xxiv.] 300
- Creta, iii. 289; xviii. 218: viii. 134; [xxvi.] 442
- Cretaeus, [xxiv.] 251; c. m. [4.] 7
- Crinisus, [xxxv.] 57
- Croesus, iii. 198; xviii. 213
- Cumanus, xviii. 11; viii. 147
- Cupidineus, x. 71
- [390]Cupido, c. m. [8.] 5; [15.] 1
- Curae, iii. 38
- Curetes, xx. 281; [xxxv.] 270
- Curetius, c. m. [43.] title, 4; [44.] 1
- Curius, iii. 203; xv. 111; xviii. 457; viii. 413; [xxii.] 379; [xxvi.] 124, 132;
- and see [Dentatus]
- Cyane, [xxxv.] 61; [xxxvi.] 190, 246
- Cybebe, xv. 120; xviii. 277; xx. 280; xvii. 301; c. m. [30.] 18; [xxxiii.] 212; [xxxvi.] 113, 271.
- See also [Cybele].
- Cybele, xv. 130; xviii. 325; c. m. [42.] 3; [52.] 18; [xxxiii.] 181; [xxxvi.] 134
- Cybeleius, viii. 149; [xxviii.] 259
- Cyclopius, xx. 377; [xxxiii.] 97.
- Cyclops, vii. 192; [xxii.] 27; c. m. [30.] 24; [xxxiii.] 239; [xxxv.] 175, 250; [xxxvi.] 117, 355
- Cydon, viii. 530; c. m. [9.] 46
- Cygnus, constellation, [xxviii.] 173
- Cyllarus, viii. 557
- Cyllenius, Mercury, [xxii.] 440; [xxxiii.] 77
- Cymothoë, x. 138, 143, 166; c. m. [30.] 127
- Cynthia = Diana, xv. 228; xi. 17; viii. 427; c. m. [27.] 38; [51.] 10
- Cynthos, viii. 137; [xxiv.] 259; c. m. [52.] 120; [xxxv.] 245
- Cypros, xix. 52, 72, 76; xx. 21; x. 49, 254
- Cyrnaeus, [xxiv.] 314
- Cyrnos = Corsica, xvii. 203; [xxvi.] 218
- Cyrus, iii. 198; xviii. 213
- Cytherea, xv. 128; xix. 62; x. 122, 251; [xxii.] 439; c. m. [25.] 31, 124; [29.] 31; [xxxiii.] 216; [xxxv.] 119; [xxxvi.] 208, 274
- Cythereius, c. m. [30.] 119
- Dacicus, [xxviii.] 335
- Dacus, iii. 310; vii. 28; viii. 318
- Dalmatia, v. 38; vii. 120; [xxiv.] 302
- Damastor, c. m. [52.] 101
- Danae, xviii. 82
- Danaus, -i, xviii. 333
- Danuvius, v. 27; xx. 583; viii. 52, 623; xvii. 235; xxi. 126; [xxviii.] 228; [xxvi.] 331, 523; c. m. [25.] 70;
- and see [Hister]
- Dardanius, c. m. [26.] 68
- Darius, c. m. [22.] 17
- Decius, i. 47; xviii. 451; viii. 404; [xxvi.] 130
- Deianira, c. m. [30.] 173
- Delia = Diana, [xxiv.] 261; [xxxv.] 206; [xxxvi.] 285
- Delius = Apollo, iv. 6; [xxxv.] 136;
- adjectivally [xxiv.] 59
- Delos, i. 185; xi. 8; viii. 133, 135; [xxiv.] 256; c. m. [52.] 115, 125; [xxxiii.] 136; [xxxv.] 34
- Delphi, iv. 5; xviii. 328; viii. 144; [xxviii.] 26, 36
- Delphicus, c. m. [52.] 34; [xxxv.] 246
- Democritus, xvii. 75, 82 (note), 90
- [391]Dentatus, xviii. 437;
- and see [Curius]
- Diana, x. 270; viii. 160; [xxiv.] 258; c. m. [52.] 40; [xxxvi.] 216, 306.
- See also [Cynthia], [Delia], [Latonia], [Luna], [Phoebe], [Trivia]
- Dictaeus, viii. 135; [xxiv.] 208; [xxxiv.] 33
- Dictynna, of Lycaste, [xxiv.] 276
- Dindyma, xx. 173, 262; [xxxv.] 269
- Diomedes, iii. 254.
- and see [Tydides]
- Diomedeus, [xxviii.] 479; [xxxiv.] 12
- Dionaeus, c. m. [25.] 102; [xxxv.] 5
- Dione, [xxxvi.] 433
- Dirae, [xxxv.] 218
- Dircaeus = Theban, viii. 533; xxi. 320
- Dis, iii. 69; v. 522; [xxxiii.] 26, 227, 266, 286; [xxxv.] 13, 160, 365.
- See also [Pluto]
- Discordia, iii. 30
- Dodonaeus, [xxvi.] 136
- Dodone, vii. 117
- Dodonius, [xxxiii.] 31
- Dolon, [xxviii.] 471
- Doris, xvii. 45
- Doto, x. 169
- Drusus, viii. 455; xxi. 193
- Dryas, xi. 22; [xxviii.] 200; c. m. [25.] 17; [xxxvi.] 78, 271, 381
- Dryopes, [xxvi.] 185
- Duria, c. m. [30.] 72
- Echion, c. m. [52.] 104
- Echo, [xxviii.] 33, 617; c. m. [25.] 49
- Edonus, xxi. 123
- Egestas, iii. 36
- Electra, nurse of Proserpine, [xxxvi.] 171
- Eleus, xvii. 290
- Eleusis, [xxxiii.] 11
- Elissa = Dido, c. m. [30.] 148
- Elusa, iii. 137
- Elysius, xviii. 454; x. 301; [xxii.] 378; [xxvi.] 590; [xxxv.] 284, 323
- Emathius, v. 44; [xxvi.] 388, 497
- Empedocles, xvii. 72 (note)
- Enceladus, vii. 161; [xxvii.] 17; c. m. [17.] 32, 31, 28; [52.] 33; [xxxiii.] 155; [xxxv.] 158; [xxxvi.] 123, 187, 350
- Enipeus, vii. 116; [xxvi.] 183; c. m. [52.] 71
- Ennius, [xxiii.] 12
- Enyo, xviii. 238
- Eous, iii. 172; v. 105, 161, 217; xv. 226, 430; xviii. 105, 154, 239, 371, 400; xix. 36; xx. 1, 113, 350; vii. 8; viii. 215, 374; xvi. 14; xvii. 151; xxi. 8, 270, 296; [xxii.] 292, 306; [xxiv.] 35; [xxviii.] 90, 517; c. m. [25.] 68; [29.] 14; [30.] 114
- Ephialtes, [xxvi.] 75
- Ephyre, viii. 471.
- See also [Corinthus]
- Ephyreias, [xxvi.] 629
- Ephyreius, [xxviii.] 90
- [392]Epicurus, xvii. 82 (note)
- Epidaurius, [xxiv.] 171
- Epimetheus, xx. 497
- Epirus, xx. 215; [xxvi.] 136
- Erato, xvii. 283
- Erebus, iii. 29; v. 523; [xxviii.] 184; [xxiii.] 32, 281; [xxxv.] 259, 330
- Erechtheus, xviii. 292
- Eridanus, i. 259; vii. 123; viii. 17; [xxii.] 274; [xxviii.] 148, 175; [xxvi.] 195; c. m. [25.] 109;
- and see [Padus]
- Erinys, [xxvi.] 173; [xxxiii.] 226
- Erymantheus, viii. 468; [xxxiv.] 36
- Erymanthus, [xxvi.] 192
- Erythraeus, viii. 606; [xxviii.] 563;
- and see [Rubrum mare]
- Etruria, xv. 505; xviii. 12, 443
- Etruscus, xv. 110, 417; viii. 145; xxi. 241; [xxviii.] 489; [xxvi.] 504; [xxxvi.] 445
- Euandrius, [xxviii.] 11
- Eucherius, x. 338; xxi. 120; [xxii.] 352, 358; [xxiv.] 177; [xxviii.] 552
- Eugenius, the pretender, i. 108; vii. 41; viii. 75 (notes)
- Euhius = Bacchus, [xxiv.] 62
- Eumenides, xx. 484; [xxxv.] 216, 344
- Euphrates, vii. 70; viii. 388; xxi. 54; [xxviii.] 415
- Euripus, iii. 91
- Europa, v. 36; xv. 4; xxi. 88; [xxiv.] 281; [xxviii.] 104
- Eurotas, i. 237; viii. 211; xxi. 181
- Eurus, i. 100; xviii. 504; viii. 649; [xxii.] 417; [xxvi.] 58; c. m. [27.] 2; [31.] 15, 59
- Eurystheus, [xxvi.] 378
- Eutropius, xviii. 23, 33, 70, 98, 167, 219, 228, 285, 360, 373, 414, 440, 448, 459, 472; xx. 21, 178, 304, 346, 365, 386, 481
- Excubiae, x. 80
- Fabius Cunctator, xv. 89; xviii. 437; viii. 407; xxi. 382; [xxvi.] 139
- Fabricius, iii. 201; xv. 272; xviii. 453; viii. 414; xvii. 165; [xxii.] 380; [xxiv.] 32; [xxvi.] 131
- Fama, xvii. 270; [xxii.] 408; [xxvi.] 201
- Fames, iii. 31; [xxviii.] 322
- Fanum Fortunae, [xxviii.] 500
- Faunus, ix. 13; [xxviii.] 200; c. m. [25.] 20; [xxxvi.] 17, 381
- Favonius, i. 272
- Felix, a cohort, xv. 421
- Fides, iii. 53; xvii. 171; [xxii.] 30
- Firmus, xv. 333, 343, 347
- Flaccilla, x. 43; c. m. [30.] 69, 137
- Flaminia via, [xxii.] 397; c. m. [40.] 8
- Florentinus, [xxxiv.] 50
- Formido, iii. 343; [xxii.] 376
- Fortuna, i. 11; iii. 143; v. 194, 421; xv. 504; xviii. 24, 121; xix. 5; xx. 551; x. 328; vii. 13; viii. 214; xvii. 2; xxi. 363; [xxviii.] 1, 88, 341, 500, 578; [xxvi.] 513; c. m. [25.] 80; [xxxiii.] 95
- Francia, xxi. 237
- Francus, xviii. 394; viii. 447; xxi. 189, 227; [xxii.] 243
- [393]Frigidus, the river, vii. 99
- Furia, i. 138; iii. 60, 172, 359; xx. 39; xvii. 170; [xxii.] 84; [xxviii.] 105; c. m. [22.] 14; [23.] 5; [xxxiii.] 39; [xxxv.] 219; [xxxvi.] 79
- Gabinus, vii. 3; viii. 6; [xxii.] 307; [xxiv.] 83; [xxviii.] 594
- Gades, xv. 159; xviii. 353; viii. 43; [xxvi.] 202
- Gaetulia, xvii. 306
- Gaetulus, iii. 226; xv. 57, 357; vii. 81; viii. 438; xxi. 258; [xxvi.] 60; c. m. [30.] 41; [xxxiii.] 150
- Galaesus, i. 260
- Galata, xviii. 59, 203; xx. 240, 467
- Galatea, x. 166; c. m. [30.] 126; [xxxvi.] 333
- Gallia, iii. 123; v. 147; viii. 392, 582; xvi. 8; xxi. 20, 317; [xxii.] 241; [xxiv.] 53; c. m. [30.] 61
- Gallicus, v. 105; xvii. 308; xxi. 227; [xxii.] 394; [xxiv.] 91, 303; [xxviii.] 399; [xxvi.] 296; c. m. [18.] title, 20
- Gallus, i. 149; v. 110, 155, 174; xv. 431; xx. 248, 539; x. 119, 182; viii. 408, 459; xxi. 350; [xxii.] 186; [xxiv.] 143; [xxviii.] 232; [xxvi.] 200
- Gallus, river, xx. 263
- Gallus, priest of Cybele, [xxxv.] 269
- Ganges, i. 163; iii. 293; vii. 203; viii. 610; xvii. 236; xxi. 266
- Garamas, xxi. 255, 355; c. m. [28.] 20
- Garganus, viii. 106; [xxiv.] 308
- Gargara, [xxviii.] 389; [xxxiii.] 208
- Garunna, v. 113
- Gela, urbs, [xxxv.] 58
- Gelonus, i. 119; iii. 313; xv. 245; xx. 103; xi. 3; x. 221; vii. 27; viii. 486; xxi. 110; c. m. [52.] 76
- Gennadius, c. m. [19.] title
- Germania, xv. 372; vii. 18; xxi. 192; [xxii.] 286; [xxiv.] 25; [xxvi.] 423
- Germanicus, viii. 455; xviii. 395
- Germanus, xviii. 379; viii. 74; xvii. 50: xxi. 209; [xxii.] 243; [xxiv.] 304
- Geryon, iii. 294; c. m. [4.] 2
- Geta, iii. 308, 319; v. 83, 235; xv. 37, 245; xviii. 242; xxi. 111; [xxviii.] 123, 179, 236, 274, 304, 532; [xxv.] 6; [xxvi.] 99, 195, 215, 279, 470, 481, 645; c. m. [25.] 89; [30.] 235; [52.] 77; [xxxv.] 65
- Geticus, i. 120; iii. 316; iv. 12; v. 36; xx. 176, 274; vii. 147; viii. 53; xxi. 186; [xxviii.] 201, 384, 490, 647; [xxvi.] 30, 247, 380, 528; c. m. [40.] 15; [50.] 9; [xxxiii.] 71
- Giganteus, [xxviii.] 185; c. m. [52.] 71; [xxxiii.] 154
- Gigantomachia, c. m. [52.] title
- [394]Gigas, viii. 534; [xxviii.] 45; [xxxv.] 159; [xxxvi.] 196, 339
- Gildo, xv. 10, 66, 86, 90, 93, 113, 144, 145, 153, 238, 279, 335, 343, 383, 410, 427, 489; xviii. 399, 505; xix. 70; xxi. 4, 249, 269; [xxii.] 258; [xxviii.] 105;
- and see [Maurus]
- Gildonicus, xv. title
- Gir, xxi. 252
- Glaucus, sea-god, x. 158; [xxxvi.] 12
- Gnosos, c. m. [4.] 8
- Gorgo, iii. 280; [xxiv.] 168; [xxvi.] 342; c. m. [52.] 92; [xxxv.] 26, 205
- Gorgoneus, viii. 37; c. m. [52.] 112; [xxxv.] 225
- Gortynius, viii. 527; [xxviii.] 634; c. m. [9.] 36; [xxxv.] 33
- Gothicus, [xxvi.]title
- Gradivus = Mars, i. 120; iii. 350; xix. 61; xx. 103; x. 190; vii. 167; viii. 14; [xxii.] 368; [xxvi.] 599.
- See [Mars] and [Mavors]
- Graecia, v. 187; xv. 484; xx. 246; viii. 473; xxi. 184
- Graius, xx. 497; xvii. 84; c. m. [19.] 3; [30.] 15; i. 198; xv. 268; xx. 136, 250; x. 233; viii. 398, 460; [xxviii.] 474; [xxvi.] 515; c. m. [41.] 14.
- Gratia, x. 202; c. m. [25.] 9; [30.] 88
- Gratian, the Emperor, viii. 75 (note)
- Gruthungus, xx. 153, 196, 399, 576; viii. 623, 635
- Gyrrhaeus, c. m. [28.] 21
- Hadrianus, c. m. [21.] title; [22.] title
- Haedi, constellation, xv. 497; c. m. [23.] 3
- Haemonius, v. 278; c. m. [52.] 66; [xxvi.] 165
- Haemus, iii. 334, 340; v. 290, 336; xviii. 196; xx. 106, 162, 565; x. 309; viii. 107; xxi. 131; [xxvi.] 166, 574; [xxxiv.] 21
- Haliacmon, [xxvi.] 179
- Halys, v. 32; xviii. 434; xx. 251; vii. 70; c. m. [48.] 6
- Hammon, xviii. 180; viii. 143; xxi. 255
- Hannibal, xv. 83; xviii. 463; [xxiii.] 22; [xxvi.] 149, 154, 386;
- and see [Poenus]
- Harpyiae, [xxvi.] 22, 28;
- and see [Celaeno]
- Hasta, [xxviii.] 203
- Hebrus, i. 123; iii. 332; xx. 165, 414; vii. 147; xxi. 22; [xxviii.] 108; [xxvi.] 177, 524; c. m. [52.] 69; [xxxiv.] 18
- Hecaërge, [xxiv.] 253, 308
- Hecate, iii. 155; [xxxiii.] 15
- Hector, xxi. 98
- Hectoreus, c. m. [22.] 13
- Helena, c. m. [30.] 148
- Heliades = poplars, [xxviii.] 164
- [395]Helice, the constellation, xvii. 299
- Helicon, iv. 1; xvii. 272, 279; c. m. [23.] 13; [31.] 19; [xxxv.] 134
- Heliconius, c. m. [30.] 10; [45.] 1
- Hellespontiacus, xviii. 256
- Henna, [xxxv.] 72, 289
- Hennaeus, [xxxiii.] 122
- Heraclea, v. 292 (note)
- Heraclitus, xvii. 71 (note)
- Hercules, iii. 79; xviii. 332; xi. 38; viii. 132; xxi. 143; [xxxiv.] 30.
- See also [Alcides], [Herculeus]
- Herculeus, iii. 284; v. 292; xv. 418; vii. 115, 208; xvii. 302; [xxvi.] 377, 438; c. m. [9.] 5; [26.] 25; [30.] 171; [42.] 4; [xxxiv.] 47
- Hercynia, forest, viii. 451; xxi. 228; [xxvi.] 330
- Hermus, i. 53; iii. 103; xviii. 214; xx. 172; [xxiv.] 228, 232; [xxxv.] 68
- Hesperia, i. 168; v. 2; xv. 326; xx. 537; [xxviii.] 91, 341; [xxvi.] 317
- Hesperides, viii. 38; xxi. 252; [xxiv.] 335; c. m. [30.] 177
- Hesperius, v. 265; xix. 36; xx. 124; vii. 66; viii. 129; [xxvi.] 340, 501
- Hesperus, xiv. 2; ix. 16; [xxxv.] 361
- Hiberia, xxi. 19; c. m. [30.] 63;
- and see [Hispania]
- Hibernia. See [Hiverne]
- Hiberus, the river, x. 40; xvii. 53
- Hiberus, i. 48; xviii. 407; viii. 20, 587; [xxii.] 236; [xxiv.] 309; c. m. [30.] 114; [47.] 3; [xxxvi.] 319; iii. 293; xii. 21; viii. 393; xxi. 155; [xxiv.] 147; c. m. [20.] 21.
- See also [Hispanus]
- Hippolyte, xviii. 333; xi. 35; [xxxv.] 64
- Hippomenes, c. m. [30.] 169
- Hispania, vii. 177; viii. 127; [xxii.] 230; [xxiv.] 53; c. m. [30.] 50;
- and see [Hiberia]
- Hispanus, v. 155; xv. 81; xx. 353; xvii. 50; [xxiii.] 8; [xxiv.] 142;
- and see [Hiberus]
- Hister, i. 135; iii. 184, 308; xv. 312; xx. 165, 203; x. 277; vii. 25, 150; viii. 636; xxi. 215; [xxii.] 199, 367; [xxiv.] 13; [xxviii.] 220, 413, 648; [xxvi.] 81, 170, 337, 489, 569, 603; c. m. [25.] 127; [50.] 7
- Hiverne, viii. 33; [xxii.] 251
- Homerus, c. m. [23.] 13, 15; [30.] 141
- Honor, xvii. 8
- Honoriades, x. 341; c. m. [30.] 131
- Honorius, iii. 372; xv. 205, 327, 381, 499; xiv. 37; x. 118, 258; vii. 180; viii. 448; [xxii.] 62; [xxviii.] 648; c. m. [30.] 95; [48.] title.
- See also [Augustus], [Caesar], etc.
- Horae, i. 278
- Hosius, xx. 346, 446, 559
- Hunus, iii. 321; v. 270;
- and see [Chunus]
- Hyacinthus, [xxxv.] 131
- [396]Hyas, xv. 398; [xxviii.] 173
- Hybla, [xxxv.] 79
- Hyblaeus, xiv. 8; [xxviii.] 260: [xxxv.] 125
- Hydaspes, i. 80; v. 243; viii. 601; xvii. 29; c. m. [40.] 13; [xxxv.] 82; [xxxvi.] 325
- Hydaspeus, vii. 4
- Hymen, x. 312; c. m. [31.] 2
- Hymenaeus, ix. 21; viii. 649; x. 202; c. m. [25.] 30, 99; [30.] 120
- Hypanis, [xxviii.] 337
- Hyperboreus, v. 240; vii. 56; [xxiv.] 256; [xxviii.] 26; c. m. [31.] 8
- Hyperionius, [xxxv.] 44
- Hyrcanus, iii. 227; vii. 35; [xxxvi.] 263
- Iacchus, [xxxiii.] 16
- Iacobus, c. m. [50.] title, 2, 14
- Ianiculus, xviii. 443
- Ianus, xviii. 319; [xxii.] 287; [xxviii.] 638
- Iapetionides, xx. 491.
- See [Prometheus] and [Epimetheus]
- Icarius, the Icarian Sea, xx. 265
- Ida and Ide, of Phrygia, xv. 118; xx. 279; x. 18; xxi. 264; [xxxiii.] 201, 207; [xxxv.] 267; [xxxvi.] 140, 371;
- of Crete, [xxiv.] 251; c. m. [4.] 8
- Idaeus, viii. 197; [xxxvi.] 49
- Idalius, xiv. 1; x. 101; c. m. [25.] 8; [xxxv.] 16
- Ilia, i. 225
- Illyricum, xx. 216; xxi. 172; [xxvi.] 535
- Illyricus, i. 60; v. 161, 201; xv. 453; xx. 111; vii. 119; xvii. 202; [xxii.] 207; [xxviii.] 92; c. m. [30.] 62
- Impetus, i. 78
- Inachides = Theban women, xv. 407
- Inachius, i. 196; iii. 278; [xxxiv.] 9
- Inarime, [xxvii.] 18; [xxxvi.] 184
- India, xv. 456; xviii. 225, 357; c. m. [22.] 19; [30.] 52
- Indus, the river, xx. 102
- Indus, viii. 585; [xxiv.] 349; c. m. [27.] 98; i. 170; iii. 374; v. 242; xv. 205; xx. 331; x. 217; vii. 211; viii. 257, 609; xxi. 158, 266; [xxiv.] 62; [xxviii.] 415; [xxvi.] 58; c. m. [20.] 17; [27.] 2; [29.] 15
- Insani montes, xv. 413
- Invicti, a regiment, xv. 423
- Iocasta, xviii. 290
- Iones, xx. 239
- Ionium, the Ionian sea, viii. 461; xxi. 174; [xxvi.] 222; c. m. [28.] 39; [xxxii.] 12
- Ionius, x. 49; vii. 197; xvii. 205; [xxviii.] 209; c. m. [23.] 4; [xxxiii.] 149; [xxxv.] 1
- Iovius, a regiment, xv. 418
- Iris, c. m. [37.] 5; [52.] 42;
- and see [Thaumantis]
- Isauri, xviii. 217
- [397]Isthmiacus, iii. 252; viii. 464
- Isthmos, [xxvi.] 190
- Italia, i. 59; v. 103, 154, 307; xv. 88; xviii. 430; xx. 527; x. 120; vii. 121; viii. 360; xvii. 201; [xxii.] 304; [xxviii.] 142, 289, 319; [xxvi.] 79, 111, 156, 403, 477, 547, 561; c. m. [19.] 1; [25.] 24; [xxxiii.] 143; [xxxvi.] 445;
- and see [Oenotria]
- Italus, xv. 509; i. 254; v. 221; xv. 224; [xxiii.] 1; [xxviii.] 24, 181; [xxvi.] 125, 147, 589, 646; c. m. [21.] 3
- Ithacus, [xxviii.] 471.
- See also [Ulixes]
- Iuba, xv. 332; viii. 39
- Iudaea, xviii. 220
- Iudaicus, xviii. 357
- Iugurtha, xv. 92; xxi. 371; [xxvi.] 128
- Iugurthinus, [xxviii.] 381
- Iuleus, [xxviii.] 116
- Iuno, i. 196; xv. 130; xviii. 325; xx. 330; c. m. [31.] 33; [xxxiii.] 3, 106, 136; [xxxv.] 367; [xxxvi.] 327, 418;
- and see [Lucina]
- Iunonius, [xxviii.] 575; [xxxv.] 97
- Iuppiter, i. 37; iii. 50; xv. 29, 140, 201, 217; xviii. 5; ix. 5; x. 196; vii. 167; viii. 197; xvi. 11; xvii. 282; [xxii.] 7; [xxiv.] 41, 168, 210, 227; [xxvii.] 14, 19; [xxviii.] 149, 328, 375, 504; [xxvi.] 18, 63, 101, 379; c. m. [4.] 4; [23.] 2; [30.] 123; [43.] 3; [51.] 1; [52.] 30, 52; [xxxiii.] 67, 93, 215; [xxxv.] 108, 228; [xxxvi.] 1, 36, 174, 327, 359;
- and see [Tonans], etc.
- Iustitia, iii. 56, 356; xvii. 117, 190; [xxii.] 103
- Iuventas, x. 84
- Ixion, [xxxv.] 335, 337
- Lacaena, xx. 201; [xxvi.] 630; [xxv.] 300
- Lacedaemon, v. 189; viii. 508; xvii. 156
- Lachesis, xv. 203; xx. 288; [xxii.] 335; [xxvi.] 55; c. m. [26.] 93; [xxxiii.] 54; [xxxv.] 354; [xxxvi.] 411
- Lacones, Castor and Pollux, xv. 222; viii. 206; c. m. [17.] 37; [30.] 108
- Ladon, xxi. 185; [xxiv.] 260
- Laërtius, c. m. [30.] 32
- Laevinus, M. Valerius, [xxvi.] 395
- Lais, xviii. 90
- Laodamia, c. m. [30.] 150.
- See also [Phylacides]
- Lares, xxi. 118; [xxxiii.] 140
- Larius, [xxvi.] 320; c. m. [25.] 106
- Latium, i. 137; v. 84; xv. 335; xviii. 432: xx. 130, 599; viii. 578; xvii. 94; xxi. 18, 295; [xxiv.] 92, 212, 264; [xxviii.] 89, 94, 130, 351; [xxvi.] 30, 198, 297, 364, 374, 583
- Latius, i. 198; iii. 292; xv. 44, 454; xviii. 151, 465; xx. 237; x. 232; vii. 6; viii. 15, 400, 487; xvii. 267; xxi. 353; [xxii.] 366; [xxiv.] 34; [xxviii.] 22, 396, 507: [xxvi.] 141; c. m. [30.] 15, 63; [41.] 14; [xxxv.] 177
- Latona, i. 184; xviii. 325; x. 236; c. m. [52.] 123, 127; [xxxiii.] 137; [xxxvi.] 306
- [398]Latonia, v. 420; xvii. 293; [xxiv.] 238, 346; [xxvi.] 441; [xxxv.] 233.
- See also [Diana]
- Latonius, viii. 133; c. m. [30.] 122; [xxxiii.] 106
- Lechaeum, [xxvi.] 190
- Leda, xi. 6
- Ledaeus, i. 239; xv. 222; viii. 207; c. m. [30.] 108;
- and see [Lacones]
- Leranius = Vulcan, x. 87;
- adjectivally, [xxviii.] 572; c. m. [46.] 3; [xxxvi.] 275
- Lemnius, a giant, c. m. [52.] 85
- Leo, creature of Eutropius, xx. 377, 379, 432, 440, 453, 559
- Leo, the constellation, i. 25; iii. 365; [xxii.] 460; [xxiv.] 209
- Leones, a regiment, xv. 423
- Leontodame, [xxiv.] 249, 304
- Lernaeus, iii. 290
- Lethaeus, v. 492; xv. 213; c. m. [52.] 46; [xxxv.] 305
- Lethe, [xxxiii.] 282; [xxxv.] 218
- Leucates, xxi. 175; [xxvi.] 186
- Leucippus, xvii. 79 (note)
- Leucothoe, x. 156.
- See also [Palaemon]
- Liber, xi. 9; viii. 607;
- and see [Bacchus]
- Libra, constellation, iii. 366
- Libya, iii. 288; v. 41, 154, 241; xv. 4, 52, 63, 113, 146, 282, 334, 462, 503, 520; xviii. 32, 408; xx. 310; vii. 53, 206; viii. 27, 436; xvii. 24; xxi. 7, 272, 334, 378; [xxii.] 385; [xxiii.] 17; [xxiv.] 13, 82, 100, 280, 333; [xxviii.] 104, 110, 373, 429; [xxv.] 5; c. m. [28.] 15; [xxxvi.] 445
- Libycus, i. 131; xv. 536; xx. 255; x. 132; xxi. 280; [xxiii.] 10; [xxiv.] 24, 356; [xxviii.] 620; c. m. [30.] 43; [31.] 56; [xxxiv.] 45
- Licentia, x. 78
- Ligus, Ligures, xv. 505; xii. 6; x. 180; viii. 567; xvii. 124; [xxviii.] 193, 288, 363, 443; [xxvi.] 554
- Litybaeus, [xxxiii.] 150
- Lingonicus, [xxiv.] 94
- Lipare, vii. 196; [xxxv.] 174
- Liris, i. 260
- Livia, x. 13
- Livor, iii. 32
- Lucifer, v. 366; vii. 131; viii. 563; [xxii.] 472; [xxxv.] 121
- Lucina, i. 145; xviii. 74; [xxii.] 342; c. m. [30.] 47; [xxxiii.] 123; [xxxvi.] 307
- Lucretia, xviii. 446; c. m. [30.] 153
- Luctus, iii. 33; [xxviii.] 323
- Luna, i. 22; xv. 223; x. 114; [xxii.] 438; [xxiv.] 288; c. m. [27.] 61; [44.] 6; [xxxv.] 45; [xxxvi.] 403
- Lutatius Catulus, xviii. 455
- Luxuries, xv. 183
- [399]Luxus, iii. 35
- Lyaeus, xv. 445; xx. 294, 435; x. 216; [xxiv.] 362; [xxviii.] 562; [xxvi.] 349; [xxxv.] 353;
- and see [Bacchus]
- Lycaeus, [xxviii.] 199; viii. 467; xxi. 181; [xxiv.] 249; c. m. [25.] 48, [xxxv.] 18
- Lycaonius, xvii. 299; [xxvi.] 246
- Lycaste, [xxiv.] 252, 276, 292
- Lycia, xviii. 204
- Lycurgus, viii. 509; xvii. 153
- Lydia, iii. 197; xviii. 203; xx. 295; xi. 9; x. 215; viii. 603; [xxiv.] 62;
- and see [Maeonius]
- Lydius, i. 53; [xxxiii.] 275
- Lydus, xx. 241, 578
- Macedo, [xxiv.] 165; [xxvi.] 180
- Macetae, v. 279; xx. 147; xvii. 28
- Maeander, xx. 266, 268, 292
- Maeandrius, [xxviii.] 635
- Maenades, v. 419; xx. 523; viii. 609;
- and see [Pentheus]
- Maenala, i. 187; viii. 470; xvii. 291; xxi. 182; [xxiv.] 250; [xxvi.] 575; [xxxiii.] 230; [xxxv.] 244
- Maenalius, viii. 161; c. m. [25.] 36
- Maeon, xx. 245
- Maeones, xx. 246
- Maeonius, iii. 166; xx. 464; x. 234; viii. 602; c. m. [30.] 20; [xxxiii.] 19; [xxxv.] 68;
- and see [Lydia]
- Maeotia, i. 36
- Maeotis, xv. 243; iii. 312; [xxvi.] 57
- Maeotius, xx. 334; viii. 180; [xxviii.] 338
- Magnes, c. m. [29.] title
- Magnus = Pompey, xviii. 502
- Maia, [xxxiii.] 76
- Manes, v. 165; c. m. [52.] 44; [xxxiii.] 41, 267; [xxxv.] 14, 328
- Manlius Theodorus, xvii. title, 135, 275; c. m. [21.] 1, 4; xvii. 340.
- See also [Theodorus]
- Mantua, c. m. [30.] 147.
- See also [Vergilius]
- Marcellus, M. Claudius, xv. 89; xviii. 456; [xxvi.] 140
- Marcomeres, xxi. 241.
- See also [Sunno]
- Marcus Aurelius, [xxviii.] 340, 350
- Maria = the Virgin Mary, c. m. [32.] 7
- Maria, mother of Serena, c. m. [30.] 69;
- daughter of Stilicho, xv. 528; xiv. 37; x. 11, 37, 119, 173, 251, 275, 340; [xxii.] 239, 342
- Marica, i. 259
- Marius, xv. 92; viii. 641; [xxiv.] 35; [xxvi.] 126, 646
- Marmaricus, xviii. 180
- Maro, c. m. [23.] 12; [40.] 23;
- and see [Vergilius]
- Mars, v. 56, 188, 351, 501; xv. 85, 273, 415; xviii. 277; xix. 20; xx. 567; xiii. 4; vii. 73; viii. 18, 90, 321, 456, 526; xvii. 163; xxi. 190, 336; [xxii.] 15, 276, 437; [xxiv.] 35, 211; [xxviii.] 10, 91, 210, 283, 307, 624; [xxvi.] 26, 69, 258, 280, 339, 468, 507, 623; c. m. [1.] 4; [29.] 25; [30.] 199; [42.] 3; [44.] 3; [52.] 38; [xxxiii.] 134, 135;
- and see [Mavors], [Gradivus], etc.
- Marsya, xx. 266
- [400]Marsyas. See [Celaenae]
- Martius, xviii. 438, 505; viii. 539; [xxii.] 349; [xxiii.] 20; [xxxv.] 147
- Mavors, i. 96, 99; iii. 334; iv. 17; xv. 129; xviii. 238; xxi. 270; [xxvi.] 491; c. m. [29.] 22; [52.] 75;
- and see [Mars], [Gradivus], etc.
- Mavortius, x. 187; vii. 135; [xxiv.] 191; [xxvi.] 35; c. m. [25.] 70; [29.] 33; [46.] 12; [52.] 87
- Mascezel, xv. 390
- Massagetes, iii. 312; viii. 542
- Massylus, xv. 284; xviii. 389; viii. 25; [xxii.] 394; [xxviii.] 377; [xxvi.] 148; [xxxiv.] 28
- Maurus, xv. 452; [xxiv.] 344; xv. 95, 189, 288, 330, 351, 433; xviii. 400, 505; x. 219; vii. 54; viii. 28; xxi. 19, 249, 357; [xxii.] 261; [xxiv.] 19;
- = Gildo, xv. 70, 236, 283, 338, 380; xix. 71; xxi. 383; [xxii.] 286; [xxviii.] 122
- Maurusius, xv. 344; viii. 39; [xxiv.] 278; [xxviii.] 104
- Maximus, the pretender, i. 108; viii. 75 (notes)
- Maximus, c. m. [14.] title, 1
- Mazax, xxi. 356
- Medea, iii. 353
- Medus, i. 161; iii. 335, 374; xviii. 321; xx. 102, 478; x. 224; vii. 71; viii. 258; xvii. 152; xxi. 67, 157; [xxiv.] 163, 164; [xxviii.] 415; [xxvi.] 187
- Medusa, iii. 281;
- and see [Gorgo]
- Megaera, iii. 74, 354; [xxxvi.] 387
- Melampus, xviii. 315
- Memnon, xx. 530; xxi. 265, 268
- Memphis, xv. 56; viii. 570; xvii. 127
- Meroë, i. 135; xv. 454; xviii. 178; x. 223; vii. 21; xxi. 261; c. m. [25.] 73; [28.] 19; [40.] 15
- Metaurus, [xxviii.] 501
- Metellus, i. 147; xv. 91; xviii. 218
- Mettius Fufetius, viii. 402
- Metus, i. 78; x. 82; [xxii.] 373
- Mida, xx. 261; [xxiv.] 230, 232
- Mimas, c. m. [52.] 85; [xxxvi.] 347
- Mincius, xii. 13; [xxviii.] 197; c. m. [25.] 108
- Minerva, i. 84; xviii. 273, 328; xx. 256, 591; viii. 162; [xxii.] 228, 340; [xxiv.] 226; [xxvi.] 16; c. m. [22.] 41; [52.] 41; [xxxvi.] 218;
- and see [Pallas], [Tritonia]
- Minoius, [xxxv.] 332
- [401]Minos, iii. 114; v. 477
- Minous, [xxvi.] 443
- Mithras, xxi. 63
- Mnemosyne, x. 237
- Moesi, v. 46; [xxvi.] 165
- Moesia, viii. 53
- Molossi, [xxvi.] 135; v. 420; [xxii.] 215; [xxiv.] 293
- Morbus, iii. 32; [xxviii.] 323
- Mors, iii. 238
- Mucius Scaevola, xviii. 445; viii. 406
- Mulciber, i. 95; xx. 33; x. 58; vii. 191; xvii. 327; xxi. 104; c. m. [17.] 33; [xxxv.] 175; [xxxvi.] 397.
- See also [Vulcanus]
- Mulvius, [xxviii.] 544
- Murcia, [xxii.] 404
- Musa, ii. 13; iv. 16; viii. 396; xvii. 66, 138; xxi. 181; [xxii.] 5, 127; [xxiii.] 5, 19; [xxvii.] 11; [xxviii.] 125, 475; [xxv.] 10; [xxvi.] 598; c. m. [3.] 3; [22.] 51; [25.] 31, 46; [26.] 7; [30.] 162; [40.] 24; [44.] 4; [xxxiv.] 51
- Mycalaeus, xx. 265
- Mycenae, xv. 287, 399; [xxxvi.] 388
- Mygdonius, xx. 1, 408; xvii. 300; [xxxv.] 268
- Myrtilus, c. m. [30.] 168
- Mytilenaeus, x. 235
- Naias, [xxviii.] 153
- Nais, i. 249; xi. 24; c. m. [45.] 1; [xxxv.] 56; [xxxvi.] 17
- Napaeae, c. m. [30.] 87
- Nar, i. 256;
- cf. [xxviii.] 516
- Narcissus, the flower, [xxxv.] 132;
- freedman of the Emperor Claudius, xviii. 441
- Narnia, [xxviii.] 515
- Nasamon, xv. 192; xxi. 256, 354
- Natura, viii. 199; [xxii.] 432, 442; c. m. [27.] 62; [29.] 38; [52.] 62; [xxxiii.] 148. 250; [xxxv.] 371; [xxxvi.] 33
- Nebrophone, [xxiv.] 250, 315
- Neptunius, c. m. [30.] 129
- Neptunus, iii. 279; xx. 37; x. 155; vii. 197; viii. 463; [xxiv.] 265; c. m. [52.] 38, 119; [xxxiii.] 104; [xxxv.] 181
- Nereis, i. 202; xix. 68; x. 159, 283; viii. 555; c. m. [30.] 80
- Nereius, viii. 592; [xxxiii.] 103
- Nereus, iii. 183; v. 303; xx. 34; x. 157; [xxiv.] 360; [xxviii.] 496; [xxvi.] 320; [xxxiii.] 144; [xxxvi.] 11
- Nereus (adj.; of Thetis), vii. 116
- Nero, xx. 61; viii. 313
- Nerva, [xxviii.] 420
- Nervius, a regiment, xv. 421
- Niliacus, xv. 59; c. m. [25.] 123
- Niloticus, viii. 574
- Nilus, i. 38, 169; iii. 185; v. 244; xv. 52, 114, 158, 456, 476; xviii. 14, 316; xix. 39; x. 51, 223; vii. 207; viii. 44, 388; xvii. 232; xxi. 179, 253; [xxii.] 416; [xxviii.] 86; [xxvi.] 57; c. m. [19.] 3; [22.] 58; [25.] 73; [27.] 72, 100; [28.] title, 7, 28, 29, 31, 36; [31.] 13; [xxxiv.] 43
- Niobe, xx. 405
- Niphates, xviii. 16; vii. 72; [xxxvi.] 263
- [402]Noricus, [xxvi.] 365
- Notus, i. 271; v. 244; xv. 64, 459; vii. 140; viii. 173; xxi. 179; [xxviii.] 176; [xxvi.] 205; c. m. [25.] 144; [34.] 6; [xxxii.] 8; [xxxiii.] 92, 242; [xxxv.] 248; [xxxvi.] 323
- Nox, iii. 30; [xxxv.] 363
- Nuba, xxi. 254
- Numa, iii. 114; viii. 493; [xxiv.] 167; [xxvi.] 101
- Numida, xxi. 257; xv. 93, 409; [xxiv.] 35
- Nycteus, [xxxiii.] 285
- Nympha, i. 213, 263; x. 74; [xxii.] 345; [xxiv.] 258; [xxviii.] 158; c. m. [26.] 7; [30.] 78, 175; [52.] 120, 121; [xxxiv.] 3; [xxxv.] 67, 76, 204; [xxxvi.] 4, 172, 230.
- See also [Napaeae]
- Nysa, viii. 604
- Nysaeus, xx. 171
- Occidens, xii. 37
- Oceanus, i. 216; iii. 124, 197; v. 114; xv. 455; xviii. 492; xx. 23, 248; xii. 34; x. 161, 281; vii. 176; viii. 22, 42; xvii. 108; xxi. 160, 215; [xxii.] 249, 409; [xxiii.] 8; [xxiv.] 148; [xxviii.] 499; [xxvi.] 203, 640; c. m. [25.] 91; [27.] 1; [30.] 41, 74; [52.] 11; [xxxiii.] 270; [xxxvi.] 172, 269
- Odothaeus, viii. 626, 632
- Odrysius, iii. 175; iv. 18; vii. 147; c. m. [52.] 76; v. 425; [xxvi.] 178
- Oebalia, i. 260
- Oebalius, xvii. 158
- Oedipodes, iii. 84; xviii. 289
- Oenomaus, c. m. [30.] 168
- Oenotria, [xxii.] 262; [xxvi.] 146
- Oenotrius, -a tellus, [xxvi.] 310
- Oeta, vii. 114; [xxvi.] 182; c. m. [52.] 66
- Oetaeus, v. 181; ix. 8; [xxii.] 29
- Olbia, xv. 519
- Olybrius, i. title, 30, 243; c. m. [40.] title, 17
- Olympus, iii. 50; v. 182; xv. 18, 148; xviii. 140; ix. 21; x. 300; vii. 33; viii. 230; xvii. 79, 206; [xxiv.] 135; [xxvii.] 23; [xxviii.] 101, 169, 351; [xxvi.] 180, 511; c. m. [31.] 21; [xxxv.] 183, 257; [xxxvi.] 18, 269
- Ophion, iii. 348
- Opis, [xxiv.] 254, 277, 292
- Orcades, viii. 32
- Orcus, iii. 294
- Orestes, iii. 107; [xxviii.] 113; c. m. [22.] 14
- Oresteus, c. m. [40.] 18
- Oriens, v. 30; xviii. 17, 396; xx. 131, 566; xii. 36; viii. 70; xxi. 8, 277; [xxiv.] 81; [xxviii.] 92
- Orion, i. 28; xv. 498; vii. 171; xxi. 287; [xxviii.] 177; [xxxv.] 191
- Orontes, v. 35; xviii. 434; xx. 115; vii. 70; [xxiv.] 158; [xxxvi.] 373
- [403]Orpheus, x. 234; c. m. [18.] 19; [31.] 1, 33; [xxxiv.] 1
- Orpheus (adjective), vii. 114; xvii. 252; [xxii.] 172; c. m. [23.] 11; [xxxiv.] 24
- Orphnaeus, [xxxiii.] 284
- Ossa, v. 182; ix. 22; viii. 108; xxi. 12; [xxvi.] 76; c. m. [52.] 68; [xxxiv.] 20; [xxxv.] 257
- Ossaeus, [xxxv.] 183
- Ostrogothi, xx. 153
- Othrys, ix. 22
- Otus, [xxvi.] 74
- Pachynum, xv. 142; [xxxiii.] 148
- Pactolus, i. 54; iii. 103; xviii. 214; xx. 172; [xxiv.] 61
- Padus, xviii. 376; xii. 14; xvii. 200; [xxviii.] 212, 303, 495; [xxvi.] 532; c. m. [31.] 12; [xxxv.] 178;
- and see [Eridanus]
- Padusa, c. m. [25.] 109; [26.] 1
- Paean, ii. 11; [xxvi.] 598; c. m. [52.] 125
- Paeonius, xx. 12; [xxiv.] 173; [xxvi.] 121; c. m. [26.] 67
- Paestanus, x. 237
- Palaemon, x. 156; viii. 465;
- and see [Leucothoe]
- Palaemonius, xvii. 289
- Palatinus, xv. 118; viii. 11; [xxii.] 228; [xxviii.] 35, 543
- Palladium, the, xv. 129
- Palladius, c. m. [25.] title, 25, 64
- Pallanteus, [xxii.] 405; [xxviii.] 644.
- See [Palatinus]
- Pallas, son of Euander, xxi. 97
- Pallas, the goddess, xviii. 272; [xxii.] 275; [xxiv.] 210; c. m. [52.] 110; [xxxiii.] 230; [xxxv.] 39, 206, 215; [xxxvi.] 209;
- and see [Minerva]
- Pallas, the giant, c. m. [52.] 95
- Palleneus, c. m. [52.] 109
- Pallor, x. 81; [xxviii.] 322
- Pamphyli, xx. 465
- Pan, [xxviii.] 199
- Panchaeus, x. 94
- Panchaia = Arabia, vii. 211; [xxxv.] 81
- Pandionius, xv. 406; viii. 508; [xxxv.] 19
- Pangaea, iii. 337; xx. 105; viii. 179; xxi. 134; c. m. [52.] 67
- Pannonia, v. 45
- Pannonius, [xxii.] 192
- Pantagias, [xxxv.] 58
- Paphius, xix. 65; x. 148, 254
- Paphos, [xxxv.] 155
- Paraetonius, xv. 160
- Parcae, iii. 157; xv. 121; xx. 461; c. m. [11.] 1; [26.] 87; [27.] 109; [xxxiii.] 48; [xxxv.] 6, 305.
- See [Atropos] and [Lachesis]
- Parnasius, [xxviii.] 122; i. 71
- Parnasus, ii. 5; xvi. 15
- Parrhasius, xxi. 185; [xxvi.] 191; [xxxv.] 18
- Parthenius, xxi. 183; [xxxv.] 148, 241
- Parthia, xv. 38; xviii. 416; x. 225
- [404]Parthicus, xviii. 342; c. m. [25.] 74; [xxxiii.] 17; [xxxv.] 94
- Parthus, c. m. [27.] 84; i. 80; xx. 476; xi. 2; vii. 72, 201; viii. 214, 317, 531; xxi. 55, 68; c. m. [9.] 21, 47; [xxxv.] 200;
- and see [Perses]
- Pater = Iuppiter, i. 207; [xxxiii.] 118
- Patientia, [xxii.] 105
- Paullus. See [Aemilius]
- Paulus = S. Paul, c. m. [50.] 1
- Pavor, iii. 343; [xxii.] 373
- Pax, xvii. 171
- Pegaseus, iii. 263; c. m. [45.] 4
- Pegasus, viii. 558
- Pelion, i. 203; v. 44; ix. 1; vii. 115; viii. 108; xxi. 12; [xxvi.] 74
- Pella, xvii. 28
- Pellaeus = Alexander the Great, viii. 374;
- adjectivally, xv. 269; xviii. 483; [xxiv.] 33; c. m. [22.] 16
- Pelopea, xviii. 291
- Pelopeius, v. 188
- Pelops, x. 216; c. m. [30.] 167
- Pelorus, the promontory, [xxviii.] 287; [xxvi.] 222; [xxxiii.] 152; [xxxvi.] 255
- Pelorus, the giant, c. m. [52.] 79
- Pelusiacus, c. m. [27.] 97
- Penelope, c. m. [30.] 25, 31
- Peneus, ix. 7; [xxxv.] 180
- Penthesilea, xviii. 334
- Pentheus, v. 418; xx. 523; [xxii.] 213
- Perdicca, c. m. [8.] title
- Perfidia, xvii. 169
- Pergama, viii. 366
- Pergus, [xxxv.] 12
- Perithous, iii. 107
- Periurium, x. 83
- Permessius, c. m. [30.] 8
- Persephone, [xxxvi.] 244.
- See [Proserpina]
- Perses, the king, xxi. 372
- Perses = Persian, xx. 482; viii. 145; [xxiv.] 164, 165; [xxviii.] 70; c. m. [47.] 13.
- See also [Parthus]
- Perseus, iii. 278, 280
- Persis, vii. 204; xxi. 57
- Petrus = S. Peter, c. m. [50.] 1
- Peuce, viii. 630; [xxviii.] 105
- Phaëthon, v. 211; viii. 63; [xxviii.] 166, 187; [xxxvi.] 403
- Phaëthonteus, i. 258; vii. 124; [xxvii.] 107
- Phalaris, iii. 253; xv. 186
- Pharao, c. m. [50.] 8
- Pharius, c. m. [21.] 2, 4; xv. 57; xviii. 482; x. 50; viii. 575; [xxviii.] 86; c. m. [27.] 73; [28.] 1; [30.] 60
- Pharos, xviii. 218; c. m. [22.] 57
- Pharsalicus, [xxviii.] 400
- Pharsalius, x. 291
- Phasis, iii. 376; xviii. 245; xx. 575; vii. 72
- Philippus, of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great, xv. 268; viii. 375; xvii. 31;
- Philippus the Third, xxi. 372; [xxvi.] 388, 396
- Phlegethon, iii. 119; v. 467; c. m. [26.] 72; [xxxiii.] 24; [xxxv.] 315; [xxxvi.] 390
- Phlegethonteus, [xxxiii.] 88
- [405]Phlegra, c. m. [52.] 4; [xxxv.] 255; [xxxvi.] 201
- Phlegraeus, [xxvii.] 20; c. m. [31.] 27; [xxxvi.] 337
- Phoebe, iii. 9; xviii. 324; x. 15; xvii. 130; [xxiv.] 295; [xxvi.] 233; [xxxv.] 39; [xxxvi.] 209.
- See also [Diana] and [Luna]
- Phoebeus, ii. 1
- Phoebus, i. 56, 188, 268: ii. 11; iii. 129; v. 104; xviii. 327, 397; xx. 46; xii. 40; ix. 17; vii. 9, 166; viii. 175, 286; [xxii.] 302, 440; [xxiv.] 42, 334; [xxviii.] 30, 412; [xxvi.] 75, 244; c. m. [3.] 1; [27.] 48; [52.] 10, 39, 121; [xxxiii.] 6, 134, 135; [xxxiv.] 48; [xxxv.] 28
- Phoenices, viii. 601
- Phoenix, [xxii.] 417; c. m. [27.] title; [31.] 15
- Pholoë, [xxxiv.] 44
- Pholus, ix. 14
- Phorcus, [xxxvi.] 11
- Phrixeus, [xxii.] 463
- Phrygia, xx. 170, 238, 274, 289, 296, 356
- Phrygius, xv. 119; xviii. 280; xx. 254, 401, 530; ix. 20; vii. 120; viii. 194; [xxiv.] 170; c. m. [17.] 38; [30.] 191; [xxxiii.] 180; [xxxv.] 267; [xxxvi.] 103, 114, 424
- Phryx, xx. 154; xviii. 205; xx. 244, 252
- Phylacides, c. m. [30.] 151.
- See [Laodamia]
- Pictus, xviii. 393; vii. 24; viii. 32; [xxii.] 254; [xxvi.] 418
- Pierides, iii. 24; c. m. [31.] 61
- Pierius, i. 150; iv. 20; vi. 15; xxi. 23; [xxiii.] 3; [xxviii.] 123; c. m. [30.] 2, 146
- Pietas, iii. 53; xvii. 168
- Pincius, [xxii.] 401
- Pindus, [xxiv.] 302; [xxvi.] 184
- Pisae, xv. 483
- Pisaeus, c. m. [30.] 166
- Pisidae, xx. 241, 465
- Pii Tranquilli, [xxviii.] 421
- Placidia, [xxii.] 356 (note)
- Plato, xvii. 149
- Platonists, xvii. 83 (note)
- Plaustrum, constellation, i. 26; xv. 501; [xxvi.] 247
- Pleias, viii. 438; [xxvi.] 209
- Pluto, [xxxiii.] 278,
- and see [Dis]
- Poenus, xxi. 258; [xxiv.] 102; [xxxvi.] 166; i. 148; xv. 83, 509; xviii. 455; xvii. 201; [xxii.] 190, 383; [xxiv.] 8, 71, 143; [xxvi.] 138, 148;
- and see [Punicus]
- Pollentia, [xxviii.] 202, 281; [xxvi.] 635
- Pollentinus, [xxviii.] 127
- Pollux, i. 244; iii. 108;
- and see [Lacones]
- Polycaste, c. m. [8.] title
- Polyidus, [xxiv.] 446 (note)
- Polyphemus, [xxxvi.] 356;
- and see [Cyclops]
- Pompeianus, xviii. 221; [xxii.] 403
- Pompeius, [xxiv.] 36; xviii. 481.
- See also [Magnus]
- Pontus, v. 38; xv. 225; xviii. 203; xx. 264; xxi. 129, 370
- [406]Porphyrion, c. m. [52.] 35, 115
- Porsenna, xv. 123; xviii. 444; [xxviii.] 488
- Porus, viii. 375; xvii. 32; xxi. 267, 268; c. m. [22.] 19
- Pothinus, xviii. 481.
- See also [Pompeius]
- Priamus, c. m. [22.] 15
- Proba, i. 192
- Probinus, i. title, 29, 244; c. m. [41.] title, 18
- Probus, i. 32, 57, 62, 75, 143, 167, 173, 199
- Prometheus, xx. 492; viii. 229; c. m. [52.] 22;
- and see [Iapetionides]
- Promotus, xxi. 95
- Propontis, xx. 333
- Proserpina, c. m. [52.] 44; [xxxii.] title; xxxm. 27, 126, 217, 246; [xxxv.] 5, 204, 247, 277; [xxxvi.] 70, 83, 100, 284, 407.
- See also [Persephone]
- Proteus, x. 51; c. m. [30.] 128; [xxxvi.] 13
- Prudentia, [xxii.] 107
- Psamathe, x. 167
- Ptolomaeus, xviii. 61, 66, 480
- Pudicitia, i. 195
- Punicus, xv. 59; viii. 410; xxi. 380; [xxiii.] 2; c. m. [30.] 60;
- and see [Poenus]
- Pygmaeus, c. m. [31.] 13
- Pylades, iii. 108
- Pyragmon, vii. 195; [xxxiii.] 240
- Pyrenaeus, [xxvi.] 200; xviii. 406; [xxiv.] 313; c. m. [30.] 77
- Pyrois, c. m. [25.] 141
- Pyrrha, xv. 43
- Pyrrhon, xvii. 75 (note)
- Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, xv. 125; xviii. 463; viii. 414; xxi. 371; [xxiv.] 32; [xxvi.] 125, 128, 132, 145, 154;
- son of Achilles, viii. 366
- Pythagoras, xvii. 91, 157
- Pythius, xvi. 16; [xxv.] 4
- Python, i. 189; ii. 1, 15; viii. 537
- Quintianus, c. m. [12.] title
- Quinctius Cincinnatus, xv. 111
- Quirinalis, xviii. 28: viii. 157
- Quirinus, viii. 8, 492; [xxii.] 370; [xxiv.] 99; [xxviii.] 9, 642, 652; [xxvi.] 101, 639
- Quiris, Quirites, xii. 17; xviii. 409; xx. 136; [xxii.] 391; [xxiv.] 54; [xxviii.] 587, 652; [xxvi.] 451
- Raeti, [xxviii.] 232
- Raetia, viii. 442; [xxvi.] 279, 330, 340, 414
- Ravenna, [xxviii.] 494
- Regulus, xv. 79; viii. 411; xxi. 381
- Rhadamanthys, v. 480
- Rhamnusius, [xxvi.] 631
- Rhenus, i. 161; iii. 133; v. 112; xv. 312, 374; xviii. 395; xx. 251; x. 278; vii. 18; viii. 440, 457, 652; xvii. 54; xxi. 20, 196, 202, 220; [xxii.] 246; [xxiv.] 13, 25, 305; [xxviii.] 413; [xxvi.] 331, 336, 422, 569; c. m. [25.] 91; [46.] 13; [xxxvi.] 321
- Rhesus, [xxviii.] 473, 482
- Rhodanus, v. 111; xviii. 404; xx. 269; xvii. 53; xxi. 159; [xxii.] 393; [xxiv.] 158; [xxvi.] 300; c. m. [18.] 1
- [407]Rhodius, [xxiv.] 226
- Rhodope, iii. 335; v. 291; xx. 163; viii. 50; xxi. 130; [xxvi.] 177; c. m. [52.] 69; [xxxiii.] 135; [xxxiv.] 19
- Rhodopeius, vii. 113; viii. 526; c. m. [22.] 37
- Rhoetos, ix. 13
- Riphaeus, iii. 242; xx. 151; vii. 149; xxi. 124; [xxviii.] 31; [xxxvi.] 321
- Roma, i. 19, 79, 133; v. 54; xv. 17, 60, 131, 204, 207, 208, 460; xviii. 372, 384, 435; xx. 128, 339; xii. 20; vi. 16; viii. 361, 503, 583; xvii. 269; xxi. 309, 376, 385; [xxii.] 224, 269, 377, 408; [xxiii.] 23; [xxiv.] 2, 27, 51, 78, 96, 180, 225; [xxviii.] 78, 87, 192, 211, 295, 360, 432, 438, 451, 492, 530, 602; [xxvi.] 51, 77, 96, 264, 362, 375, 450, 477, 505, 511, 533, 647; c. m. [30.] 58
- Romanus, xv. 270; xx. 229; viii. 309; xxi. 348; [xxiv.] 166; [xxviii.] 298; i. 163, 193; iii. 283, 307; v. 4, 52, 206; xv. 95, 242, 457; xviii. 221, 374, 462; xx. 159, 225, 477, 576; x. 225, 315; vii. 67; viii. 59, 219, 398, 522; xvi. 7; xvii. 37, 84; xxi. 1, 224, 240, 374; [xxii.] 205, 402; [xxiv.] 8, 30, 84, 160; [xxviii.] 12, 75, 150, 418, 551, 598; [xxv.] 2; [xxvi.] 84, 232, 288, 382, 390, 490, 539, 571, 633; c. m. [19.] 2; [30.] 189; [41.] 13; [50.] 10
- Romuleus, i. 97, 226; xv. 75; xx. 62; vii. 1; viii. 619; xxi. 331; [xxii.] 366; [xxiv.] 124; [xxviii.] 57; [xxvi.] 332
- Romulus, xx. 142; [xxvi.] 261
- Rubicon, [xxviii.] 365; c. m. [19.] 1
- Rubrum mare, iii. 278; v. 242; xv. 33, 454; xviii. 16; x. 168; vii. 210; viii. 600; c. m. [25.] 61; [29.] 15; [30.] 4; [31.] 14; [39.] 2; [xxxvi.] 320
- Rufinus, iii. 20, 92, 140, 189, 256, 314, 361; v. 7, 92, 130, 212, 219, 294, 319, 338, 367, 424, 496, 513; xv. 304; xx. 539, 550; c. m. [30.] 233
- Sabaeus, xviii. 321; viii. 306; x. 210; xxi. 58; c. m. [27.] 43
- Sabinus, xv. 106
- Saces, xxi. 157
- Sacra via, [xxviii.] 604
- Salius, xxi. 222
- Salmoneus, v. 514; c. m. [51.] 13
- Salus, c. m. [30.] 189
- [408]Salvator, c. m. [32.] title
- Sangarius, xx. 263, 291
- Sapor, xx. 481
- Sappho, x. 23
- Sardinia, xv. 508; xvii. 203
- Sardonius, [xxvi.] 218
- Sarmata, iii. 310; xx. 338; xiv. 15; viii. 485; xxi. 111
- Sarmaticus, i. 132; vii. 148; c. m. [25.] 88
- Saturnius, c. m. [52.] 16; vii. 168; xxi. 178; [xxxvi.] 20
- Saturnus, [xxii.] 439; c. m. [43.] 2; [44.] 7; [xxxiii.] 114; [xxxv.] 168, 280; [xxxvi.] 272
- Satyri, viii. 608; [xxiv.] 364
- Savus, [xxii.] 192
- Saxo, xviii. 392; x. 219; viii. 31; [xxii.] 225; c. m. [25.] 89
- Schoeneis, c. m. [30.] 170
- Scipiades, i. 149; xviii. 455; xxi. 381; [xxii.] 384; [xxiii.] 1, 21; [xxvi.] 141; c. m. [30.] 42
- Scipio, xv. 95
- Sciron, iii. 253
- Scironius, [xxvi.] 188
- Scorpius, the constellation, [xxii.] 465
- Scotticus, [xxii.] 254
- Scottus, vii. 55; viii. 33; [xxii.] 251; [xxvi.] 417; c. m. [25.] 90
- Scylla, iii. 296; xviii. 294; c. m. [30.] 21
- Scyllaeus, [xxxvi.] 447
- Scyria = Deidamia, x. 16
- Scytha, xviii. 508; xi. 25
- Scythia, iii. 308, 323; xvii. 197; [xxiv.] 255; [xxvi.] 602; [xxxvi.] 282
- Scythicus, i. 160; iii. 152; xviii. 248; xx. 180, 238; vii. 27; viii. 474; [xxii.] 368; c. m. [23.] 2; [25.] 135; [52.] 22
- Semiramis, xviii. 339
- Semiramius, i. 162
- Senectus, iii. 31
- Senium, x. 85
- Senones, iii. 132; xv. 126; [xxiv.] 92; [xxvi.] 291
- Serena, xv. 310: x. 120, 252; xxi. 73; [xxviii.] 93; c. m. [30.] title, 2, 33, 49, 69, 118; [31.] title, 34, 47; [45.] 3; [46.] 14; [47.] 12; [48.] title, 11
- Seres, i. 179; xviii. 226, 304; x. 211; vii. 211; viii. 258, 601
- Serranus, iii. 202; xviii. 454; viii. 415
- Servilius, Isauricus, xviii. 217
- Severi, [xxviii.] 421
- Sibylla, xv. 29; xix. 38; viii. 148; [xxiv.] 166
- Sibyllinus. See [Cumanus]
- Sicania, xviii. 456; xvii. 204; [xxxv.] 160; [xxxvi.] 140;
- and see [Trinacria]
- Sicanus, [xxxiii.] 220; [xxxv.] 112
- Siculus, iv. 9; xv. 81, 187; xviii. 165; vii. 192; xxi. 187; [xxiv.] 142, 314; [xxviii.] 287; c. m. [17.] 42; [xxxiii.] 139, 141; [xxxv.] 173; [xxxvi.] 84, 255
- Sidonius, v. 450; xv. 191; x. 113, 212; viii. 600; [xxii.] 88; [xxxiii.] 275
- Signifer, sign of the zodiac, i. 241; iii. 365; xvii. 120; xxi. 145; [xxviii.] 22; c. m. [51.] 9: [xxxiii.] 102
- [409]Silenus, [xxiv.] 363
- Simois, ix. 20; xxi. 264; [xxxvi.] 372
- Sinis, iii. 252
- Sirenes, c. m. [30.] 23; [xxxvi.] 190, 205.
- See also [Acheloides]
- Sirius, iii. 241; xi. 20; [xxii.] 466; c. m. [25.] 120; [26.] 92; [30.] 6; [36.] 5
- Smyrna, c. m. [30.] 147
- Smyrnensis, c. m. [2.] title
- Socraticus, xvii. 87
- Sol, i. 1; iii. 10; vii. 131; viii. 66; xxi. 84; [xxii.] 419, 422, 441, 470; [xxviii.] 192; [xxvi.] 235; c. m. [27.] 45; [40.] 14; [52.] 34; [xxxv.] 44
- Solon, viii. 507
- Somnus, xv. 213
- Sophene, xviii. 220
- Spartacus, iii. 255; [xxvi.] 155
- Spartanus, i. 237; xvii. 153; viii. 471; [xxiv.] 162
- Sperchius, [xxvi.] 183
- Steropes, vii. 195; [xxxiii.] 241
- Stilicho, iii. 259, 345, 350; iv. 13; v. 4, 95, 101, 146, 171, 246, 275, 302, 402; xv. 289, 318, 323, 379; xviii. 378, 500; xx. 126, 413, 502, 517, 531, 544, 592; xiii. 2, 12; x. 34, 220, 302, 319; vii. 144, 162; viii. 432, 459, 481; xvii. 162. 265; xxi. 9, 39, 65, 132, 160, 195, 291, 328, 385: [xxii.] 58, 82, 204, 231, 251, 264, 279, 316, 322, 326, 348, 451, 476; [xxiii.] 21; [xxiv.] 64, 107, 174, 194, 213, 238, 283; [xxviii.] 100, 210, 301, 318, 320, 431, 456, 579; [xxv.] 15; [xxvi.] 14, 133, 142, 164, 211, 267, 349, 406, 426, 453, 459, 512, 558, 588, 596, 647; c. m. [1.] title, 2, 12; [25.] 93; [30.] 83, 179, 185, 207; [46.] 12
- Stilichonius, x. 177
- Strymon, xv. 476; x. 310; [xxvi.] 178
- Stygius, iii. 62, 304; v. 167, 494; xx. 31; vii. 185; [xxxiii.] 120, 285; [xxxiv.] 34; [xxxv.] 264
- Stymphalis, [xxxiv.] 37
- Stymphalos, c. m. [9.] 1
- Styx, v. 523; [xxxiii.] 22
- Suebus, xv. 37; xviii. 380, 394; vii. 28; viii. 655; xxi. 190
- Sulci, xv. 518
- Sunno, xxi. 241;
- and see [Marcomeres]
- Superbia, [xxii.] 160
- Susa, xv. 33
- Susanna, c. m. [50.] 4
- Syene, c. m. [28.] 19
- Sygambria, xviii. 383
- Sygambrus, xv. 373; x. 279; viii. 446; xxi. 222; [xxiv.] 18; [xxvi.] 419
- Sylla, iii. 253; [xxviii.] 383
- Symplegas, iii. 173; xx. 30; [xxvi.] 9
- [410]Synnada, xx. 273
- Syphax, xv. 91
- Syracusius, c. m. [51.] 6
- Syria, v. 33; xviii. 200, 250; xx. 571
- Syrtis, Syrtes, [xxxvi.] 322; xv. 143, 315; viii. 438; xxi. 257, 334; [xxiv.] 276; [xxxvi.] 446
- Tabraca, xviii. 410; xix. 71; xxi. 359
- Taenarius, [xxxiii.] 2
- Tagus, i. 51; iii. 102; xii. 32; viii. 582; xvii. 287; [xxii.] 230; [xxiv.] 311; c. m. [30.] 71, 115
- Tanais, iii. 324; vii. 205; viii. 41: [xxvi.] 57, 603; [xxxv.] 66
- Tanaquil, c. m. [30.] 16
- Tantaleus, [xxxv.] 336
- Tantalus, v. 514; [xxxv.] 337
- Tarbigilus, xx. 176, 399, 432, 466
- Tarentum, xvii. 158
- Tarpeius, xv. 30; xxi. 214: [xxviii.] 45, 375; c. m. [4.] 4
- Tarquinius, xv. 124; xviii. 449; viii. 310; [xxviii.] 487; c. m. [30.] 156
- Tartara, iii. 122; c. m. [52.] 3; [xxxiii.] 114; [xxxv.] 307, 334; [xxxvi.] 64, 390
- Tartareus, v. 525; xv. 180; xx. 145; [xxvi.] 449; c. m. [23.] 5; [xxxiii.] 217; [xxxv.] 217; [xxxvi.] 79
- Tartarus, [xxii.] 110
- Tartesiacus, iii. 101; c. m. [40.] 14
- Tartesius, x. 161
- Tauri, the tribe, xviii. 249
- Taurus, the mountain, xviii. 216; xx. 468
- Taurus, the constellation, xv. 497
- Taygetus, xvii. 291; [xxiv.] 259; [xxvi.] 193; [xxxv.] 244
- Tegea, [xxvi.] 576
- Tegeaeus, [xxxiii.] 89
- Telephus, c. m. [22.] 46
- Tellus, c. m. [52.] 19, 55, 72;
- and see [Terra]
- Tempe, [xxvi.] 181
- Temperies, [xxii.] 107
- Tereus, xviii. 293; xx. 363
- Terpsichore, ix. 9
- Terra, xviii. 325; c. m. [52.] 1, 17, 60;
- and see [Tellus]
- Tesiphone, [xxxiii.] 40
- Tethys, i. 35; iii. 132; v. 148; xviii. 392; vii. 58; viii. 597; xvii. 50; [xxii.] 252; [xxvi.] 335; c. m. [27.] 16; [xxxiv.] 45; [xxxv.] 46; [xxxvi.] 320
- Teutonicus, xviii. 406; [xxvi.] 292
- Thales, xvii. 71 (note)
- Thalia, x. 237; xvi. 2; [xxv.] 2; c. m. [41.] 14
- Thaumantis, [xxxvi.] 1.
- See also [Iris]
- Thebae, xv. 287; xviii. 291; xx. 522; viii. 132; [xxiv.] 163.
- See also [Dircaeus], [Cadmus]
- Thebanus, c. m. [27.] 91
- Thecla, c. m. [50.] 10
- Themis, ii. 14; [xxxiii.] 107, 219
- Theodorus, Flavius Manlius Th., xvi. title; xvii. 14, 173; c. m. [21.] title
- [411]Theodosius, the Great, iii. 51; xv. 216; [xxii.] 52, 422; c. m. [30.] 98;
- his father, xv. 216; [xxii.] 422
- Thermantia, sister of Serena, c. m. [30.] 118, 186;
- daughter of Stilicho, x. 339; [xxii.] 359
- Thermodontiacus, [xxxv.] 66
- Thermopylae, [xxvi.] 188
- Thero, [xxiv.] 250, 309
- Theseus, iii. 107
- Thessalia, v. 179; c. m. [47.] 6; [xxxv.] 179
- Thessalicus, iii. 174; x. 19
- Thessalis, xx. 201; [xxvi.] 237
- Thessalonica, v. 280
- Thessalus, v. 43; viii. 543; [xxvi.] 182; iii. 146; c. m. [30.] 13
- Thetis, xi. 7; ix. 22; x. 175; c. m. [52.] 118; [xxxiii.] 150
- Thomas, Saint, c. m. [50.] 5
- Thrace, viii. 179, 475; xxi. 21, 107
- Thracius, xv. 476; xx. 104; x. 234; xxi. 132; [xxviii.] 473; [xxvi.] 337; c. m. [30.] 207; [31.] 2; [xxxiv.] 10, 49
- Thrax, iii. 338; v. 45, 291; xx. 147, 247, 412; [xxviii.] 107, 483; [xxvi.] 165, 537
- Threicius, viii. 525; [xxvi.] 171, 574; c. m. [31.] 33
- Thybrinus, [xxviii.] 182; c. m. [30.] 117;
- and see [Tiberinus]
- Thybris, i. 226; xviii. 436, 447; xx. 127; xii. 17; viii. 578; xvii. 200; [xxii.] 189; [xxiv.] 93; [xxviii.] 12, 365, 425, 486, 520, 641; [xxvi.] 505, 578; [xxxv.] 178;
- and see [Tiberis]
- Thyestes, iii. 84; xviii. 289
- Thyesteus, i. 171; [xxxvi.] 388
- Thyestiades = Agamemnon, [xxviii.] 113
- Thyle, v. 240; vii. 53; viii. 32; [xxiv.] 156; [xxvi.] 204
- Thyni, xx. 247
- Tiberinus, i. 209; xviii. 404; [xxiv.] 173;
- and see [Thybrinus]
- Tiberis, i. 98;
- and see [Thybris]
- Ticinus, [xxviii.] 196
- Tigranes, xxi. 370
- Tigris, iii. 90; xviii. 196; xx. 484; x. 224; viii. 43, 316; xxi. 53; [xxviii.] 86, 415; c. m. [27.] 83
- Timavus, vii. 120; [xxviii.] 197; [xxvi.] 562
- Timor, iii. 34
- Tingi, xv. 160
- Tiphys, [xxvi.] 4, 11
- Tiresias, xviii. 315
- Tirynthius, [xxxiv.] 49
- Titan, Titanes, i. 94; v. 338, 524; x. 114; [xxii.] 450; [xxviii.] 169; c. m. [27.] 90; [28.] 33; [31.] 28; [52.] 2, 28; [xxxiii.] 66; [xxxv.] 49; [xxxvi.] 182
- Titanius, c. m. [27.] 7; [xxxiii.] 44
- Tityos, v. 515; vii. 160; c. m. [52.] 25; [xxxv.] 338
- Tomarus, [xxvi.] 18
- Tomi, c. m. [25.] 70
- [412]Tonans = Iuppiter, i. 128; xv. 26, 467; xviii. 160; xx. 293; ix. 11; x. 112; vii. 132; viii. 134, 209; xvii. 290; [xxii.] 437; [xxiv.] 232; [xxviii.] 44, 349; c. m. [22.] 39; [27.] 81; [29.] 53; [xxxiv]. 38; [xxxv.] 76, 367; [xxxvi.] 134, 183
- Torquatus, xviii. 452; viii. 403
- Traianus, viii. 316; xxi. 193; c. m. [30.] 56;
- and see [Aelius], [Ulpius]
- Tranquilli. See [Pii]
- Trebia, [xxiv.] 145; [xxvi.] 387
- Trinacria, xv. 457; [xxvi.] 220; c. m. [17.] 43; [xxxiii.] 142, 191; [xxxv.] 186; [xxxvi.] 119
- Trinacrius, [xxxvi.] 288
- Triones, xx. 238; vii. 205; viii. 429, 474; xxi. 217; [xxii.] 458; [xxvi.] 169; c. m. [52.] 11; [xxxiii.] 102
- Triptolemus, [xxxiii.] 12
- Triton, xix. 67; x. 129, 137, 180; viii. 36; [xxviii.] 378; c. m. [30.] 127; xxi. 252
- Tritonia, xv. 129; xviii. 324; xx. 396; [xxii.] 332; [xxiv.] 168; [xxxv.] 21; [xxxvi.] 286;
- and see [Minerva]
- Tritonius, c. m. [52.] 91
- Trivia, x. 236; xvii. 292; [xxviii.] 328; c. m. [30.] 141; [xxxv.] 27;
- and see [Diana]
- Troas, xx. 405
- Troia, xviii. 291
- Troianus, xviii. 328;
- and see [Priamus]
- Tullus, xv. 254
- Turnus, xxi. 97
- Tuscus, [xxviii.] 183; [xxii.] 273
- Tydides, [xxviii.] 470;
- and see [Diomedes]
- Typhoeus, vii. 159; [xxvii.] 17; [xxvi.] 63; c. m. [52.] 32
- Typhoius, [xxxvi.] 183
- Typhon, [xxxv.] 22
- Tyrius, xv. 520; iii. 207; xv. 327; xviii. 422; xiv 26; vii. 15; viii. 140; xxi. 79, 318, 344; [xxiii.] 9; [xxiv.] 179; c. m. [4.] 5; [27.] 20; [48.] 8
- Tyrrhenum, xxi. 333
- Tyrrhenus, xv. 455, 482; xvii. 204; [xxiv.] 356; [xxviii.] 485; [xxxiii.] 152; [xxxvi.] 185
- Ufens, i. 257
- Ulixes, iii. 124; c. m. [30.] 145;
- see also [Ithacus], [Laërtius]
- Ulpius, viii. 19; [xxviii.] 646;
- and see [Traianus]
- Uranië, xvii. 274
- Uranius, c. m. [43.] 4
- Urbs, [xxvi.] 255
- Ursa, constellation, [xxii.] 459; [xxvi.] 135; c. m. [40.] 16
- Valens, xxi. 37; [xxvi.] 610
- Valentinian II., viii. 75 (note)
- Vandalicus, [xxvi.] 415
- Varanes, xx. 476 (note)
- Veii, xv. 107
- Venetus, xii. 7; [xxviii.] 193
- Venus, v. 486; xv. 182, 450; xviii. 345, 468; xix. 60; xi. 16; xiv. 2, 12; x. 54, 65, 74, 99, 152, 171, 184, 241; vii. 165; viii. 265; [xxii.] 354: c. m. [8.] 6; [11.] 3; [25.] 1, 15, 39, 119; [29.] 23, 26, 44; [31.] 9; [44.] 6; [52.] 40; [xxxiii.] 215, 226, 229; [xxxv.] 12, 266; [xxxvi.] 220, 281, 433;
- and see [Cytherea], etc.
- Vergilius, c. m. [23.] 15;
- and see [Maro] and [Mantua]
- Verona, [xxviii.] 201; c. m. [20.] 17
- Veronensis, c. m. [20.] title
- Vesevus, [xxxvi.] 184
- Vesta, xv. 129; [xxiv.] 169
- Vestalis, xviii. 329
- Victoria, [xxiii.] 19; [xxiv.] 204; [xxviii.] 597, 653
- Vindelicus, [xxvi.] 365
- Vindex, viii. 613
- Virbius, xi. 17; [xxvi.] 440
- Virgo = Justice, xvii. 132;
- the star, [xxii.] 465
- Virtus, iii. 52; xvii. 1; [xxii.] 162
- Visi, xxi. 94
- Voluptas, x. 82
- Vulcanius, [xxvi.] 17; [xxxiii.] 172
- Vulcanus, c. m. [52.] 86.
- See also [Lemnius], [Mulciber], etc.
- Vulturnus, i. 256
- Xanthus, viii. 557; c. m. [46.] 9
- Xerxes, v. 120
- Zephyrus, i. 101, 218; v. 101; xv. 526; xx. 95; xii. 44; x. 61; viii. 649; [xxiv.] 252; [xxviii.] 476; [xxvi.] 58; c. m. [27.] 21; [30.] 115; [xxxiii.] 186; [xxxv.] 73, 288; [xxxvi.] 3, 266
END OF VOL. II
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