CHAPTER XII.—CHRISTMAS FEASTING AND SACRIFICIAL SURVIVALS
[ 1 .] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 257.
[ 2 .] Rickert, 259.
[ 3 .] W. Sandys, “Christmastide: its History, Festivities, and Carols” (London, n.d.), 112.
[ 4 .] Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 133.
[ 5 .] J. A. H. Murray, “A New English Dictionary” (Oxford, 1888, &c.) iv. (1) 577.
[ 6 .] Addy, 103.
[ 7 .] Dawson, 254.
[ 8 .] Addy, 104.
[ 9 .] Burne and Jackson, 407.
[ 10.] Brand, 283.
[ 11.] Cf. Folk-Lore, vol. xi., 1900, 260.
[ 12.] Addy, 103.
[ 13.] Cf. carols in Brand, 3, and Rickert, 243 f.
[ 14.] Brand, 3.
[ 15.] Dyer, 464.
[ 16.] Feilberg, i. 119, 184; Lloyd, 173.
[ 17.] Jahn, 265.
[ 18.] Stratilesco, 190.
[ 19.] Ralston, 193, 203.
[ 20.] Mijatovich, 98.
[ 21.] Jahn, 261.
[ 22.] Rietschel, 106. Cf. Weinhold, 25, and Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 463.
[ 24.] Laisnel, i. 7 f.
[ 25.] Ibid. i. 12 f.
[ 26.] Ibid. i. 11.
[ 27.] E. Cortet, “Essai sur les Fêtes religieuses” (Paris, 1867), 265.
[ 28.] Frazer, “Golden Bough,” ii. 286 f.
[ 29.] M. Höfler, “Weihnachtsgebäcke. Eine vergleichende Studie der germanischen Gebildbrote zur Weihnachtszeit” in “Zeitschrift für österreichische Volkskunde,” Jahrg. 11, Supplement-Heft 3 (Vienna, 1905).
[ 30.] Jahn, 280 f.
[ 31.] Burne and Jackson, 406 f.
[ 32.] “The Mirror of Perfection,” trans. by Sebastian Evans (London, 1898), 206.
[ 33.] Mannhardt, “Baumkultus,” 233 f.
[ 34.] Lloyd, 170 f.
[ 35.] Jahn, 276.
[ 36.] Ibid. 276.
[ 37.] Lloyd, 168.
[ 38.] Evans, 231 f.; for the ox-custom, see Evans, 233.
[ 39.] Abbott, 76.
[ 40.] Hörmann, “Tiroler Volksleben,” 244 f., 238, 245.
[ 41.] Dawson, 339.
[ 42.] S. Graham, “A Vagabond in the Caucasus. With some Notes of his Experiences among the Russians” (London, 1910), 25 f.
[ 43.] Stratilesco, 190.
[ 44.] Van Norman, 299 f.
[ 45.] Jahn, 267.
[ 46.] Frazer, “Golden Bough,” ii. 442 f., where other examples, British and Continental, of the wren-hunt are given. Cf. Dyer, 494 f.
[ 47.] Folk-Lore, vol. xviii., 1907, 439 f.
[ 48.] MacCulloch, “Religion of the Ancient Celts,” 221.
[ 49.] See Frazer, “Golden Bough,” ii. 380, 441, for examples of similar practices with sacred animals.
[ 50.] Folk-Lore, vol. xi., 1900, 259.
[ 51.] Brand, 272.
[ 52.] Folk-Lore, vol. xi., 1900, 262.
[ 53.] Lloyd, 181 f.
[ 54.] Ibid. 181.
[ 55.] Thorpe, ii. 49 f.
[ 56.] Ralston, 200.