Introduction to the History of Religions / Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV

by Crawford Howell Toy

SELECTED LIST OF BOOKS OF REFERENCE

Encyclopædias and Dictionaries

Encyclopædia Britannica (9th ed., Edinburgh; 11th ed., Cambridge, England, and New York).

La Grande Encyclopédie (Paris, 1886-1902).

Le Nouveau Larousse (Paris, 1898-1904).

Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia (New York, 1893-1895).

The New International Encyclopædia (New York, 1905).

Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics (Edinburgh, 1908- ).

Lichtenberger. Encyclopédie des sciences religieuses (Paris, 1877-1882).

Roscher. Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie (Leipzig, 1884- ).

Daremberg et Saglio. Dictionnaire des antiquités grecques et romaines (Paris, 1873-1884).

Pauly-Wissowa. Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (new ed., Stuttgart, 1904).

Geiger and Kuhn. Grundriss der iranischen Philologie (Strassburg, 1895-1904).

Jewish Encyclopedia (New York and London, 1901-1906).

Encyclopædia Biblica (London and New York, 1899-1903).

Hastings. Dictionary of the Bible (Edinburgh, 1900-1904).

Hughes. Dictionary of Islam (London, 1896).

Encyclopædia of Islam (Leiden) (in course of publication).

Herzog-Hauck. Real-Encyclopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche (Leipzig, 1895-1909).

Hamburger. Realencyclopädie des Judenthums (2d ed., Leipzig, 1896).

The Catholic Encyclopedia (New York, 1907-1911).

Smith and Cheetham. Dictionary of Christian Antiquities (London, 1875).

McClintock and Strong. Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature (New York, 1868-1881).

Meusel. Kirchliches Handlexikon (Leipzig, 1887-1902).

Wetzer and Welte. Kirchenlexikon (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1882-1903).[586]

Periodicals

Revue de l'histoire des religions (Paris).

Archiv für Religionswissenschaft (Leipzig).

Le Muséon et La Revue des religions (Louvain, 1882- ).

Journal asiatique (Paris).

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (London).

Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (Colombo).

Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (Singapore).

Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (Hongkong).

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Calcutta).

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (Singapore).

De indische Gids (Amsterdam).

The Indian Antiquary (Bombay).

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft (Leipzig).

Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes.

Mitteillungen der vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft and Der alte Orient (Leipzig).

Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft (Berlin).

Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan (Yokohama),

Journal of the American Oriental Society (New Haven).

Zeitschrift für die Mythologie (Göttingen).

Journal of the Anthropological Institute (London).

Transactions of the Ethnological Society (London).

Man (anthropological monthly) (London).

Annals of Archæology and Anthropology (Liverpool Institute of Archæology).

Archæological Review (London).

Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada (Ottawa, Montreal, and London).

Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archæology (London).

L'Anthropologie (Paris).

Revue internationale de sociologie (Paris).

Annales du Musée Guimet (Paris).

L'Année sociologique (Paris).

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie (Berlin).

Archiv für Anthropologie (Braunschweig).

Archäologische Gesellschaft (Berlin).

Archiv für slavische Philologie (Berlin, 1876- ).

Jahreshefte des oesterreichischen archäologischen Instituts (Vienna).

Mitteilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien.

Anthropos, Ephemeris internationalis ethnologica et linguistica (Salzburg, 1906- ).

Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia (Florence).

[587]Internationales Archiv für Ethnologie (Leiden).

Ἑφημερὶς Ἀρχαιολογική (Athens).

American Journal of Archæology (New York and London).

Transactions of the American Ethnological Society (New York).

The Anthropologist (Washington).

American Antiquarian Society (Worcester, Mass.).

Reports of the National Museum (Washington).

Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology (Washington).

Reports of the Smithsonian Institution (Washington).

University of California Publications in American Archæology and Ethnology (Berkeley).

Revue des questions historiques (Paris).

Revue égyptologique (Paris).

Zeitschrift für aegyptische Sprache und Altertumswissenschaft (Leipzig).

Revue sémitique (Paris).

Revue du monde musulman (Paris).

American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (Chicago).

Revue d'Assyriologie (Paris).

Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete (Leipzig).

Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (Leipzig).

Revue des études grecques (Paris, 1888- ).

Journal of Hellenic Studies (London).

Revue des études juives (Paris).

Folklore (London).

Folklore Journal (London).

Revue des traditions populaires (Paris).

Mélusine (mythology and popular traditions) (Paris).

Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde (Berlin).

Ons Volksleven (Tijdschrift voor Taal-Volks-en Oudheidkunde) (Brecht).

Revue Celtique (Paris).

Celtic Review (Edinburgh).

Mittheilungen der Gesellschaft für jüdische Volkskunde (Breslau).

Archivio per lo studio delle tradizioni popolari (Palermo).

International Journal of Ethics (Philadelphia and London).

Hibbert Journal (London).

Works on the Nature of Religion

Plato. Phædo; Phædrus; Republic.

Hume, David. Natural History of Religion (vol. ii of Green and Grose's ed. of Hume's Essays, London, 1882); Dialogues concerning Natural Religion (ibid.).

Kant, Immanuel. Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft (Königsberg, 1793; in new ed. of his Works, Berlin, 1912).[588]

Hegel, G. W. F. Philosophie der Religion (Berlin, 1832; new ed., Leiden, 1890; Eng. tr., London, 1895) (cf. John Caird's Philosophy of Religion, London, 1876).

Burnouf, E. La science des religions (3d ed., Paris, 1876; Eng. tr., London, 1888).

Arnold, Matthew. Literature and Dogma (London and New York, 1873).

Pfleiderer, O. Religionsphilosophie auf geschichtlicher Grundlage (3d ed., Berlin, 1896); Eng. tr., The Philosophy of Religion on the Basis of its History (London, 1886); Philosophy and Development of Religion (Edinburgh, 1899); Evolution and Theology, and Other Essays (Eng. tr., London and New York, 1900); Religion und Religionen (Munich, 1906); Eng. tr., Religion and Historic Faiths (New York, 1907).

Gheyn, J. van den. La science des religions (Lyon, 1886).

Hartmann, E. von. Religionsphilosophie (Leipzig, 1888).

Martineau, J. A Study of Religion (London, 1888).

Bender, W. Das Wesen der Religion (4th ed., Bonn, 1888).

Deussen, P. Allgemeine Geschichte der Philosophie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Religionen (Leipzig, 1894; new ed., 1899-1911).

Jastrow, Morris, Jr. The Study of Religion (London and New York, 1901).

Everett, C. C. The Psychological Elements of Religion (New York and London, 1902); Theism and the Christian Faith (New York and London, 1909).

James, William. The Will to Believe, and Other Essays (London and New York, 1897); Varieties of Religious Experience (London and New York, 1902); Pragmatism (London and New York, 1907); A Pluralistic Universe (New York, 1909).

Royce, Josiah. Religious Aspects of Philosophy (Boston, 1886); The World and the Individual (London and New York, 1900-1901); The Sources of Religious Insight (New York, 1912).

Caird, E. Evolution of Religion (London and New York, 1893).

La Grasserie, Raoul de. De la psychologie des religions (Paris, 1899).

Bousset, W. What is Religion? (Eng. tr., New York and London, 1907).

Höffding, H. Philosophy of Religion (Eng. tr., London and New York, 1906).

Perry, R. B. The Approach to Philosophy, chaps. iii, iv, vii (New York, 1905).

Santayana, G. Reason in Religion (vol. iii of his Life of Reason) (New York, 1905).

King, Irving. Development of Religion (New York, 1910).

Leuba, J. H. A Psychological Study of Religion (New York, 1912).

Kant, Immanuel. Kritik der praktischen Vernunft (4th ed., Riga, 1797), and see his Collected Works (Berlin, 1912- ). [589]

Martineau, James. The Relations between Ethics and Religion (London, 1881).

Guyau, J. M. Esquisse d'une morale sans obligation ni sanction (Paris, 1885; 4th ed., 1896; Eng. tr., London, 1898); L'irreligion de l'avenir (Paris, 1887).

Palmer, G. H. The Field of Ethics (Boston, 1901).

Otto, R. Naturalism and Religion (Eng. tr., London and New York, 1909).

General Descriptive Works

Cicero. De Fato and De Natura Deorum.

Brosses, C. de. Du culte des dieux fétiches (Paris or Geneva, 1760).

Dupuis, C. F. Origine de tous les cultes, ou religion universelle (Paris, 1794; new ed., 1870).

Meiners, C. Allgemeine kritische Geschichte der Religion (Hannover, 1806-1807).

Waltz, T. Anthropologie der Naturvölker (Leipzig, 1859-1872).

Bastian, A. Beiträge zur vergleichenden Psychologie (Berlin, 1868).

Müller, Fr. Max. Introduction to the Science of Religion (2d ed., London, 1880); Natural Religion (London, 1890); Physical Religion (London, 1891); Anthropological Religion (London, 1892); Theosophy, or Psychological Religion (London, 1893).

Spencer, H. Descriptive Sociology (London, 1873-1881); Principles of Sociology (London, 1879-1896); vol. i (on religious phenomena) (New York, 1882).

Lippert, J. Religionen der europäischen Culturvölker (Berlin, 1881); Allgemeine Geschichte des Priesterthums (Berlin, 1883).

Réville, A. Prolégomènes de l'histoire des religions (Paris, 1881; Eng. tr., London, 1884); Les religions des peuples non-civilisés (Paris, 1883).

Kuenen, A. National Religions and Universal Religions (London, 1882).

Clarke, J. F. Ten Great Religions (Boston, 1883; popular ed., 1899).

d'Alviella, Goblet. Introduction à l'histoire générale des religions (Brussels, 1887); Origin and Growth of the Conception of God (London, 1892); Croyances, rites, institutions (Paris, 1911).

La Saussaye, P. D. Chantepie de. Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte (Freiburg, 1887-1888; Eng. tr. of vol. i, London, 1892; 2d ed., 1897).

Tylor, E. B. Researches into the Early History of Mankind (London, 1878); Primitive Culture (3d ed., London, 1891 and 1903).

The Hibbert Lectures (London and New York, 1878-1894).

The Gifford Lectures (London and New York, 1890-).

Usener, H. Religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen (Bonn, 1889); Götternamen (Bonn, 1896).

Frazer, J. G. The Golden Bough (London, 1890; 3d ed., 1906-1911); Early History of the Kingship (London, 1905).[590]

King, J. H. The Supernatural (London, 1892).

Article "Fetishism" in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

Trumbull, H. C. The Blood-Covenant (New York, 1893); The Threshold-Covenant (New York, 1896).

Marillier, L. La survivance de l'lâme et l'idée de justice chez les peuples non-civilisés (Paris, 1894); L'origine des dieux [criticism of Grant Allen's Evolution of the Idea of God] (Paris, 1899).

Steinmetz, S. R. Ethnologische Studien zur ersten Entwicklung der Strafe (Leiden and Leipzig, 1894).

Tiele, C. P. Geschichte der Religion im Alterthum bis auf Alexander den Grossen (Germ. tr., Gotha, 1895; ed. Gehrich, Gotha, 1896-1903).

Menzies, A. History of Religion (London and New York, 1895; New York, 1906).

Religious Systems of the World (London, 1896; new ed., 1902).

Carpenter, J. E. Place of Christianity among the Religions of the World (London, 1904).

Orientalische Religionen (in Die Kultur der Gegenwart) (Berlin and Leipzig, 1906).

Bloomfield, M. The Symbolic Gods (in Studies in Honor of B. L. Gildersleeve) (Baltimore, 1902).

Jevons, F. B. Introduction to the History of Religion (London, 1896; 2d ed., 1902); Introduction to the Study of Comparative Religion (New York, 1908); The Idea of God in Early Religions (Cambridge, England, 1910).

Johnson, Samuel. Oriental Religions and their Relation to Universal Religion (1872-1885; Boston, 1897).

White, A. D. Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (New York, 1897).

Durkheim, E. Définition des phénomènes religieux (in L'Année sociologique, ii) (Paris, 1897-1898).

Allen, Grant. Evolution of the Idea of God (London and New York, 1897).

Tiele, C. P. Elements of the Science of Religion (Edinburgh and London, 1897-1899).

Brinton, D. G. Religions of Primitive Peoples (New York and London, 1897).

Ratzel, F. History of Mankind (Eng. tr., London, 1898).

Lang, A. Custom and Myth (London, 1884); Myth, Ritual and Religion (2d ed., 1899); The Making of Religion (2d ed., London, 1900).

Andree, R. Die Flutsagen (Braunschweig, 1891).

Usener, H. Die Sintfluthsagen (Bonn, 1899).

Woods, F. H. Article "Flood" (in Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible) (Edinburgh and New York, 1900).

Sutherland, A. The Origin and Growth of the Moral Instinct (London and New York, 1898).[591]

La Grasserie, Raoul de. Des religions comparées au point de vue sociologique (Paris, 1899).

Ingram, J. K. Outline of the History of Religion (London, 1900).

Lord Avebury (Sir John Lubbock). Prehistoric Times (6th ed., London, 1900).

Hirn, Y. Origins of Art (London, 1900).

Ellis, Havelock. Studies in the Psychology of Sex (London, 1900; and Philadelphia, 1904-1910).

Morris, Miss M. The Economic Study of Religion (in Journal of the American Oriental Society, xxiv) (New Haven, 1903).

Reinach, S. Cultes, mythes et religions (Paris, 1905-1908).

Hopkins, E. W. The Universality of Religion (in Journal of the American Oriental Society, xxv) (New Haven, 1904).

Jordan, L. H. Comparative Religion, its Genesis and Growth (Edinburgh, 1905).

Dieterich, A. Mutter Erde, ein Versuch über Volksreligion (Leipzig and Berlin, 1905).

Farnell, L. R. Evolution of Religion (London and New York, 1905).

Dulaure, J. A. Des divinités génératrices (2d ed., Paris, 1905).

Reitzenstein, R. Hellenistische Wundererzählungen (Leipzig, 1906).

Cumont, F. Les religions orientales dans le paganisme romain (Paris, 1907; Eng. tr., Chicago, 1911).

Hamilton, Mary. Incubation (London, 1906).

Hobhouse, L. T. Morals in Evolution (London and New York, 1906).

Article "Art" in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics (Edinburgh and New York, 1908).

Perrot and Chipiez. Histoire de l'art dans l'antiquité (Paris, 1882-1911; Eng. tr., London and New York, 1883-1890).

Meyer, Edouard. Geschichte des Altertums (2d ed., Stuttgart and Berlin, 1907-1909).

Westermarck, E. Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas (London, 1908).

Preuss, K. T. Ursprung der Religion und Kunst.

Webster, H. Primitive Secret Societies (New York, 1908); Rest-Days: a Sociological Study (reprinted from University Studies) (Lincoln, Nebraska, 1911).

Conder, C. R. The Rise of Man (London and New York, 1908).

Ploss, H. H. Das Kind (Stuttgart, 1876); Das Weib, ed. M. Bartels (Leipzig, 1902).

Hartland, E. S. Primitive Paternity (London, 1909).

Frazer, J. G. Psyche's Task [influence of superstition on the growth of institutions] (London, 1909).

Reinach, S. Orpheus (Paris, 1909; Eng. tr., revised by the author, London and New York, 1909).

Frobenius, L. Childhood of Man (Eng. tr., London and Philadelphia, 1909).[592]

Thomas, W. I. Source-Book for Social Origins (Chicago and London. 1909).

Marett, R. R. The Threshold of Religion (London [1909]).

Seligmann, S. Der böse Blick und Verwandtes (Berlin, 1910).

Elworthy, F. T. Article "Evil Eye" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Boehmer, J. Religions-Urkunden der Völker (Leipzig).

Article "Cosmogony and Cosmology" in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics (Oxford, 1912).

Crawley, A. E. Articles "Cursing and Blessing," "Dress," and "Eating the God," ibid.

Articles "Dwarfs and Pygmies," "Dualism," "Fate," "Calendar," "Feasting," "Fasting," "Festivals and Fasts," ibid.

Schneider, H. Religion und Philosophie (Leipzig, 1912).

Carpenter, J. Estlin. Comparative Religion (London and New York, 1913 (?)).

Works on Totemism and Exogamy

Morgan, L. H. Ancient Society (London, 1877).

Spencer, H. Principles of Sociology, i, § 171 ff. (London and New York, 1882).

Hahn, Ed. Die Haustiere (Leipzig, 1896); Demeter und Baubo (Lübeck, 1897).

Tylor, E. B. Remarks on Totemism, Journal of the Anthropological Institute (1899).

Pikler and Somló. Ursprung des Totemismus (Berlin, 1900).

Hartland, E. S. Totemism and Some Recent Discoveries, Folklore (1900).

Durkheim, E. La prohibition de l'inceste et ses origines, L'Année sociologique, i (Paris, 1896-1897); Sur le totémisme, L'Année sociologique, v (1900-1901).

Zapletal, V. Totemismus und die Religion Israels (Freiburg (Swiss), 1901).

Hill-Tout, C. Origin of Totemism among the Aborigines of British Columbia, Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada (2d Series, 1901-1902 and 1903-1904).

Smith, W. R. Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (2d ed., London, 1903) (criticized by Nöldeke in Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1886).

Lang, A. Social Origins (London, 1903); Secret of the Totem (London, 1905); Australian Problems (in Anthropological Essays presented to Tylor) (Oxford, 1907).

Jevons, F. B. Introduction to the History of Religion (2d ed., London, 1902).

Marillier, L. La place du totémisme dans l'évolution religieuse [criticism of Jevons], Revue de l'histoire des religions, xxxvi, xxxvii (Paris, 1897-1898); article "Totem" (in La Grande Encyclopédie) (Paris, 1886-1902).[593]

Wundt, W. Mythus und Religion (in his Völkerpsychologie, Leipzig, 1908-1910).

Crawley, A. E. Exogamy and the Mating of Cousins (in Essays presented to Tylor, Oxford, 1907).

Rivers, W. H. H. On the Origin of the Classificatory System of Relationships (in Essays presented to Tylor, 1907).

Thomas, N. W. La survivance du culte totémique ... dans le pays de Galles, Revue de l'histoire des religions, xxxviii (Paris); Origin of Exogamy (in Essays presented to Tylor, Oxford, 1907).

Gomme, G. L. Totemism in Britain, Archæological Review (London, 1889).

Goldenweiser, A. A. Totemism, an Analytical Study, Journal of American Folklore (Boston and New York, 1910).

Frazer, J. G. Totemism and Exogamy (London, 1910).

Works on Taboo

Frazer, J. G. Article "Taboo" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed.).

Crawley, A. E. Mystic Rose (London, 1902); Exogamy and the Mating of Cousins (in Essays presented to Tylor, Oxford, 1907).

Gennep, A. van. Tabou et totémisme à Madagascar (Paris, 1904).

Hodson, T. C. The Genna amongst the Tribes of Assam, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxxvi (London, 1906).

Marillier, L. Article "Tabou" (in La Grande Encyclopédie) (Paris).

Tylor, E. B. Early History of Mankind, p. 129 ff. (3d ed., London, 1878).

Frazer, J. G. Lectures on the Early History of the Kingship [holds that taboo is a negative magic] (London, 1905); Taboo and the Perils of the Soul (part ii of 3d ed. of the Golden Bough) (London, 1911).

Marett, R. R. Is Taboo a Negative Magic? (in Essays presented to Tylor) (Oxford, 1907) [reply to Frazer].

Thomas, N. W. Article "Taboo" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Gait, E. A. Article "Caste" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics) (Edinburgh and New York, 1911).

Taylor, R. New Zealand (London, 1870).

Alexander, W. D. Brief History of the Hawaiian People (New York, 1892).

The Hebrew Sabbath as a Taboo Day

Toy, C. H. The Earliest Form of the Hebrew Sabbath, Journal of Biblical Literature (Boston, 1899).

Driver, S. R. Article "Sabbath" (in Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible) (Edinburgh and New York, 1902).

Pinches, T. G. Sapattu, the Babylonian Sabbath, Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology (London, 1904).[594]

Zimmern, H. Comments on Pinches's article, Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft (Leipzig, 1904).

Meinhold, J. Sabbat und Woche in Alten Testament (Göttingen, 1905).

Webster, H. Rest Days: a Sociological Study, University Studies (Lincoln, Nebraska, 1911).

On Magic

Articles in La Grande Encyclopédie (Paris); Encyclopædia Britannica (London, 11th ed.); Daremberg and Saglio, Dictionnaire des antiquités grecques et romaines (Paris).

Tylor, E. B. Researches into the Early History of Mankind, p. 129 (3d ed., London, 1878); Primitive Culture, Index, s.v. (3d ed., London, 1891).

King, J. H. The Supernatural, bk. ii, chap. iii f. (London, 1892).

Davies, T. Witton. Magic, Divination, and Demonology (London, 1898).

Tiele, C. P. Elements of the Science of Religion, Index, s.v. (Edinburgh and London, 1899).

Jevons, F. B. Introduction to the History of Religion, Index, s.v. (London, 1896; 2d. ed., 1902).

Lano, A. Magic and Religion (London, 1901).

Hobhouse, L. T. Morals in Evolution, Index, s.v. (London and New York, 1906).

Haddon, A. C. Magic and Fetishism (London, 1906).

Westermarck, E. Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, Index, s.v. (London, 1908).

Hubert and Mauss. In L'Année sociologique, vii (Paris, 1902-1903).

Reinach, S. Orpheus, Index, s.v. (Paris, 1909; Eng. tr., London and New York, 1909).

Frazer, J. G. Early History of the Kingship, Index, s.v. (London, 1905).

Marett, R. R. Is Taboo a Negative Magic? (in Anthropological Essays presented to E. B. Tylor) (Oxford, 1907).

Harrison, Miss J. E. Chap. iv of her Themis (Cambridge, England, 1912).

Egypt

Erman, A. Life in Ancient Egypt (Eng. tr., London, 1894).

Budge, E. A. Wallis. Egyptian Magic (London, 1899).

Wiedemann, A. Magie und Zauberei im alten Aegypten (Leipzig, 1905).

Breasted, J. H. History of Egypt, Index, s.v. (New York, 1905).

Babylonia and Assyria

King, L. W. Babylonian Magic and Sorcery (London, 1896).

Jastrow, M. Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (Boston, 1898); Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens (Giessen, 1906- ).

Fossey, Ch. La magie assyrienne (Paris, 1902).[595]

Jewish

Articles in Encyclopædia Biblica (London and New York); Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible (Edinburgh and London); Jewish Encyclopedia (New York and London).

Schürer, E. Geschichte des jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi (3d ed., Leipzig, 1901); Eng. tr., History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ, Index. s.v. (New York, 1891).

Blau, L. Das alt-jüdische Zauberwesen (Strassburg, 1898).

Arabia and Modern Egypt

Wellhausen, J. Reste arabischen Heidentumes, Index, s.v. (Berlin, 1897).

Lane, E. W. The Thousand and One Nights, Index (London, 1883).

Finnish

Castrén, M. A. Finnische Mythologie (Germ. tr., St. Petersburg, 1853).

India

Bloomfield, M. Eng. tr. of the Atharva-Veda (in Sacred Books of the East) (Oxford).

Hopkins, E. W. Religions of India, Index, s.v. (Boston and London, 1895).

Greek

Harrison, Miss J. E. Themis, a Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion (Cambridge, England, 1912).

Roman

Apuleius. Metamorphoses.

Friedländer, L. Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms (8th ed., Leipzig, 1910); Eng. tr., Roman Life and Manners under the Early Empire, Index (London and New York, ca. 1903).

Wissowa, G. Religion und Kultus der Römer (München, 1902).

Fowler, W. W. Religious Experience of the Roman People, Index (London, 1911).

Teutonic

La Saussaye, P. D. Chantepie de. Religion of the Teutons, Index, s.v. (Boston and London, 1902).

Noncivilized Peoples

Ellis, A. B. Tshi (London, 1887); Eẃe (London, 1890); Yoruba (London, 1894).

Codrington, R. H. The Melanesians, Index, s.v. (Oxford, 1891).

Spencer and Gillen. Native Tribes of Central Australia (London, 1899); Northern Tribes of Central Australia [the Intichiuma ceremonies] (London, 1904).

Howitt, A. W. Native Tribes of South-East Australia (London, 1904).[596]

Hollis, A. C. The Masai, Index (Oxford, 1905); The Nandi, Index (Oxford, 1909).

Westermarck, E. L'âr, or the Transference of Conditional Curses in Morocco (in Essays presented to Tylor) (Oxford, 1907).

Seligmann, C. G. Melanesians of British New Guinea, Index (Cambridge, England, 1910).

Brown, G. Melanesians and Polynesians, Index (London, 1910).

Dixon, R. B. The Northern Maidu (New York, 1905); The Shasta (New York, 1907).

Skeat, W. W. Malay Magic (London, 1900).

Rivers, W. H. H. The Todas (London. 1906).

Crooke, W. Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India, Index (London, 1896).

Teit, J. Traditions of the Thompson River Indians of British Columbia, Index (Boston and New York, 1898).

Bell, H. H. J. Obeah: Witchcraft in the West Indies (2d ed., London, 1893).

On Divination

La Grande Encyclopédie (Paris), article "Divination."

Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), articles "Divination" and "Oracle."

Encyclopædia Biblica (London and New York), article "Divination."

Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible (Edinburgh and New York), articles "Divination" and "Soothsaying."

Jewish Encyclopedia (New York and London), articles "Divination," "Astrology," "Necromancy."

Cicero. De Divinatione.

Plutarch. De Pythiae Oraculis; De Defectu Oraculorum.

Manilius. Astronomica (ed. Theod. Breiter, Leipzig, 1907-1908).

Firmicus Maternus. Matheseos Libri viii (ed. Pruckner, Basel, 1551); bks. i-iv and bk. v, proem (ed. Kroll and Skutch, Leipzig, 1897).

Tylor, E. B. Primitive Culture, Index (London, 1891).

King, J. H. The Supernatural (London, 1892).

Erman, A. Handbook of Egyptian Religion (Eng. tr., London, 1907).

Jastrow, M., Jr. Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (Boston and London, 1898; and the German ed., Giessen, 1906- ); Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and Assyria (New York and London, 1911).

Hopkins, E. W. Religions of India, pp. 256, 328 (Boston and London, 1895).

Stengel and Oemichen. Die griechischen Sakralaltertümer (Munich, 1890).

Bouché-Leclercq. Histoire de la divination dans l'antiquité (Paris, 1879-1882); L'astrologie grecque (Paris, 1899).[597]

Daremberg and Saglio. Dictionnaire des antiquités grecques et romaines, articles "Divinatio" and "Haruspices" (Paris, 1873-1884).

Farnell, L. R. Cults of the Greek States, iv, 179 ff. (Oxford, 1896-1909) (Oracles); Greece and Babylon, Index, s.v. (Edinburgh, 1911).

Gardner and Jevons. Greek Antiquities (London, 1895).

Wissowa, G. Religion und Kultus der Römer (München, 1902).

Fowler, W. W. Religious Experience of the Roman People (London, 1911).

Article "Sibylla" (by Buchholz in Roscher's Lexikon).

Cumont, Fr. Astrology and Religion among the Greeks and Romans (New York and London, 1912).

Wellhausen, J. Reste arabischen Heidentumes (Berlin, 1897).

Article "Celts" in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics (Edinburgh and New York, 1911).

La Saussaye, P. D. Chantepie de. Religion of the Teutons, Index (Boston and London, 1902).

Groot, J. J. M. de. Religious System of China (Leiden, 1892-1907).

Articles "Ancestor-worship," "Ahoms," "Bantu" in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

Turner, G. Samoa, Index (London, 1884).

Furness, W. H. 3d. Home Life of Borneo Head-hunters (Philadelphia, 1902).

Rivers, W. H. H. The Todas, Index (London, 1906).

Thurston, E. Omens and Superstitions of Southern India (London, 1912).

Ellis, A. B. Tshi (London, 1887).

Callaway, H. Religious System of the Amazulu (Natal, 1868-1870).

Article "Dreams and Sleep" in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

On Folklore

See periodicals mentioned above, p. 587.

Frazer, J. G. Golden Bough (3d ed., London, 1911).

Keightly, T. Fairy Mythology (2d ed., London, 1850).

MacCulloch, J. A. Article "Fairy" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Mannhardt, J. W. E. Wald- und Feldkulte (Berlin, 1877).

History of the Æsopic Fable (in Caxton's Æsop, ed. Jos. Jacob) (London, 1889).

Jacobs, J. Migration of Fables (Introduction to his Fables of Pilpay) (London, 1888); Fables of Æsop (London, 1894).

Hartland, E. S. Science of Fairy Tales (London, 1891); Folk-lore, what is it? (London, 1897); Mythology and Folktales (London, 1900).

Gomme, G. L. Ethnology in Folklore (London, 1892); Folklore as an Historical Science (London, 1908).[598]

Gennep, A. van. La formation des légendes (Paris, 1910).

Bibliotheca Diabolica (New York, 1874).

Carus, P. History of the Devil and of the Idea of Evil (Chicago, 1900).

Oceania

Batchelor, J. The Ainu and their Folklore (London, 1901).

Seidenagel, C. W. Language spoken by the Bontoc-Igorot [of Luzon] (Chicago, 1909).

Emerson, N. B. Unwritten Literature of Hawaii (Washington, 1909).

America

Boas, F. Dissemination of Tales among the Natives of North America, Journal of American Folklore, iv (Boston, 1891); Indianische Sagen von der nordpacifischen Küste Nord-Amerikas (Berlin, 1895).

Dorsey, G. A. The Dwamish Indian Spirit Boat, Bulletin of Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (1902).

Egypt

Maspero, G. Les contes populaires de l'Égypte ancienne (Paris, 1882).

Wiedemann, A. Altägyptische Sagen und Märchen (Leipzig, 1906).

Asia

Benfey, Th. The Pantschatantra (Leipzig, 1859); Introduction to Bickell's ed. of the Kalilag and Damnag (Leipzig, 1876).

Keith-Falconer, F. G. N. Eng. tr. of Wright's ed. of the Late Syriac Kalilah and Dimnah (Cambridge, England, 1885).

Crooke, W. Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India, Westminster (London, 1896).

Thurston, Edgar. Omens and Superstitions of Southern India (London, 1912).

The Jesup North Pacific Expedition (New York and Leiden, 1900- ).

Bogoras, W. The Folklore of North-Eastern Asia as compared with that of North-Western America, American Anthropologist (Washington, 1902).

Cosquin, E. Origine et propagation des contes populaires européens (in his Contes populaires de la Lorraine) (Paris, 1886); Le lait de la mère et le coffre flottant (reprint from Revue de questions historiques) (Paris, 1908); Le prologue-cadre des Mille et Une Nuits, les légendes perses et le livre d'Esther (Paris, 1909).

Africa

Theal, G. M. Kaffir Folklore (London [1872]).

Bleek, W. H. I. Specimens of Bushman Folklore (Eng. tr., London, 1911).

Rivers, W. H. H. The Todas, Index, s.vv. Folklore, Mythology (London and New York, 1906).

Hollis, A. C. The Masai, Index (Oxford, 1905); The Nandi, Index (Oxford, 1909).[599]

Europe

Grimm, W. Die deutsche Heldensage (1829; 3d ed., Göttingen, 1889).

Wuttke, A. Der deutsche Volksaberglaube der Gegenwart (3d ed., Berlin, 1900).

Rhys, J. Celtic Folklore (Oxford, 1901).

Campbell, J. F. Popular Tales of the West Highlands and Heroic Gaelic Ballads (1872; new ed., Edinburgh, 1890-1893).

Brand, J. Popular Antiquities of Great Britain (new ed., London, 1905).

Sébillot, P. Le folklore de France (Paris, 1904-1907).

Maury, L. F. A. Croyances et légendes du moyen âge (new ed., Paris, 1896).

Geldart, E. M. Folklore of Modern Greece (London, 1884).

Krauss, F. S. Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der Südslaven (Vienna, 1885; Münster, 1890).

Knowlson, T. S. Origin of Popular Superstitions (London, 1910).

Wlislocki, H. von. Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der Zigeuner (Münster i. W., 1891); Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der Magyaren (Münster i. W., 1893).

On Mythology

General

Articles in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.) and La Grande Encyclopédie (Paris).

Müller, K. O. Prolegomena zu einer wissenschaftlichen Mythologie (Göttingen, 1825).

Müller, F. Max. Comparative Mythology (1856; in vol. ii of Chips from a German Workshop, London, 1858; New York, 1869).

Bréal, M. Mélanges de mythologie et de linguistique (Paris, 1877).

Pfleiderer, O. Religionsphilosophie auf geschichtlicher Grundlage (3d ed., Berlin, 1896; Eng. tr., London, 1886).

Tylor, E. B. Early History of Mankind (London, 1878); Primitive Culture (3d. ed., London, 1891).

Vignioli, T. Myth and Science (London, 1882).

La Saussaye, P. D. Chantepie de. Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte (1st ed., Freiburg, 1887-1889); Eng. tr. of vol. i (London and New York 1891).

Lang, A. Myth, Ritual and Religion (2d ed., London, 1899); Custom and Myth (London, 1901).

Gardener, P. Origins of Myth (Oxford, 1896).

Tiele, C. P. De Oorsprong van myth en godsdienst, Theologisch Tijdschrift, iv (Amsterdam and Leiden); Elements of the Science of Religion, Index, s.vv. Mythology, Myths (Edinburgh and London, 1897-1899).

Jevons, F. B. Introduction to the History of Religion (2d ed., London, 1902).[600]

Réville, J. De la complexité des mythes et des légendes, Revue de l'histoire des religions, xiii (Paris).

Jastrow, M. Study of Religion (London and New York, 1901).

Schultz, H. Old Testament Theology, Introduction (Eng. tr. of 4th Germ. ed., Edinburgh, 1892).

Articles "Demons and Spirits," "Earth, Earth-gods" in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

Special

Taylor, R. New Zealand (London, 1870).

Bülow, W. Die samoansche Schöpfungssaga, Internationales Archiv für Ethnologie xii (Leiden).

Bastian, A. Die samoanische Schöpfungssage (Berlin, 1894).

Alexander, W. D. Brief History of the Hawaiian People (New York, 1892).

Turner, G. Samoa (London, 1884).

Brinton, D. G. American Hero-Myths (Philadelphia, 1882); Myths of the New World (New York, 1896).

Ehrenreich, P. Mythen und Legenden der südamerikanischen Urvölker (Berlin, 1905).

Castrén, M. A. Finnische Mythologie (Germ. tr., St. Petersburg, 1853).

Cox, G. W. Mythology of Aryan Nations (London, 1887).

Meyer, E. H. Germanische Mythologie (Berlin, 1891).

Gruppe, O. Griechische Mythologie (München, 1897-1906).

Jastrow, M. Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (Boston and London, 1898).

Muir, John. Original Sanskrit Texts (London and Edinburgh, 1858-1870).

Hopkins, E. W. Religions of India (Boston and London, 1895).

Macdonnel, A. A. Vedic Mythology (Strassburg, 1897).

Farnell, L. R. Cults of the Greek States (Oxford, 1896-1909).

Grimm, J. Deutsche Mythologie (4th ed., Berlin, 1875-1878); Eng. tr., Teutonic Mythology (London, 1888).

La Saussaye, P. D. Chantepie de. Religion of the Teutons, Index (Boston and London, 1902).

Campbell, J. F. The Celtic Dragon-Myth (Edinburgh, 1911).

Articles "Celts," "Cuchulainn Cycle," "Feinn Cycle" in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

Collignon, M. Manual of Mythology in Relation to Greek Art (translated and enlarged by Jane E. Harrison) (London, 1899).

Article "Female Principle" in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

Curtin, J. Myths of the Modocs (Boston, 1912).

Article "Animal" [on cults of animals, plants, stones, waters] in La Grande Encyclopédie, section iv, "Mythology" (Paris).[601]

Thomas, N. W. Article "Animals" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics); Article "Animal-Worship" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Tylor, E. B. Primitive Culture, Index, s.vv. Stock-and Stone-Worship, Mountain, River-Worship (London, 1891).

Cooke, S. A. Article "Tree-Worship" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

American Bureau of Ethnology, 16th Annual Report (Washington).

Smith, W. R. Religion of the Semites, lecture v (new ed., London, 1894).

Erman, A. Handbook of Egyptian Religion, Index (Eng. tr., London, 1907).

Steindorff, G. Religion of the Ancient Egyptians (New York and London, 1905).

Jastrow, M., Jr. Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, pp. 662 f., 688 f. (Boston, 1898).

Garstang, J. Land of the Hittites, Index (London, 1910).

Hopkins, E. W. Mythological Aspects of Trees and Mountains in the Great Epic, Journal of the American Oriental Society (September, 1910); The Sacred Rivers of India (in Studies presented to C. H. Toy) (New York, 1912).

Gubernatis, A. de. Zoological Mythology (London, 1872); La mythologie des plantes (Paris, 1878-1882).

Fergusson, James. Tree- and Serpent-Worship (2d ed., London, 1873).

Crooke, W. Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India (London, 1896).

Hos and Mcdougall. Relation between Man and Animals in Sarawak, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxxi (London).

Ellis, A. B. Eẃe, pp. 49 f., 98 (London, 1890).

Boetticher, K. Baumkultus der Hellenen und Römer (Berlin, 1856).

Gruppe, O. Die griechischen Culte und Mythen (Leipzig, 1887).

Overbeck, J. Das Cultusobject bei den Griechen in seinen ältesten Gestaltungen, Berichte der sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenchaften, p. 121 ff. (1864).

Ohnefalsch-Richter, M. Kypros, the Bible and Homer (London, 1893).

Wellhausen, J. Reste arabischen Heidentumes, Index (Berlin, 1897).

Hughes, T. P. Dictionary of Islam, Index, s.v. Kaaba (2d ed., London, 1896).

La Saussaye, P.D. Chantepie de. Religion of the Teutons, Index, s.v. Tree-Worship (Boston and London, 1902).

Mannhardt, W. Baumkultus der Germanen und ihrer Nachbarstämme (Berlin, 1875).

Frazer, J. G. Golden Bough, Index, s.v. Tree-Worship (London, 1907); Adonis Attis Osiris, Index, s.vv. Animals, Water, and p. 158 (London, 1907).

Articles "Asherah" and "Pillar" in Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible.[602]

Articles "Asherah" and "Massebah" in Encyclopædia Biblica.

Trumbull, H. C. Threshold Covenant, p. 228 (New York, 1896).

Hartland, E. S. Primitive Paternity, Index, s.v. Trees (London, 1910).

Philpot, Mrs. J. H. The Sacred Tree, or the Tree in Religion and Myth (London, 1897).

Works on Particular Religions

Egyptian

Plutarch, Isis and Osiris.

Rawlinson, G. History of Ancient Egypt (London and New York, 1881).

Tiele, C. P. History of the Egyptian Religion (Eng. tr., Boston, 1882).

Le Page Renouf, P. Religion of Ancient Egypt (London, 1884).

Brugsch, H. Religion und Mythologie der alten Aegypter (1884).

Meyer, Ed. Geschichte des alten Aegyptens (Berlin, 1887).

Maspero, G. Études de mythologie et d'archéologie égyptiennes (Paris, 1893); The Dawn of Civilization (Eng. tr., London, 1896).

Müller, W. Max. Asien und Europa (Leipzig, 1893); Article "Egypt" (in Encyclopædia Biblica).

Wiedemann, K. A. Religion of the Ancient Egyptians (London, 1897); Egyptian Doctrine of Immortality (London, 1895); Religion of Egypt (in Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible, vol. v) (1904).

Petrie, W. M. F. Religion and Conscience in Ancient Egypt (London, 1898); Article "Egyptian Religion" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Steindorff, G. Religion of the Ancient Egyptians (New York and London, 1905).

Erman, A. Aegypten und aegyptisches Leben im Altertum (1887); Eng. tr., Life in Ancient Egypt (London, 1894); Handbook of Egyptian Religion (Eng. tr., London, 1907).

Breasted, J. H. History of Egypt from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest (New York, 1905); Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt (New York, 1912).

Cumont, F. The Religion of Egypt (Eng. tr., in The Open Court, Chicago, September, 1910).

Reitzenstein, R. Poimandres (Leipzig, 1904).

Foucart, G. Article "Dualism (Egyptian)" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

General Semitic

Baudissin, W. W. Studien zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte (Leipzig, 1876-1878).

Halévy, J. Mélanges de critique et d'histoire relatifs aux peuples sémitiques (Paris, 1883).

Baethgen, Fr. Beiträge zur semitichen Religionsgeschichte (Berlin, 1888).[603]

Nöldeke, Th. Sketches from Eastern History (Eng. tr., London and Edinburgh, 1892).

Müller, W. Max. Asien und Europa (Leipzig, 1893).

Smith, W. R. Religion of the Semites (2d ed., London, 1894); Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (2d ed., London, 1903).

Barton, G. A. A Sketch of Semitic Origins (New York and London, 1902).

Curtiss, S. I. Primitive Semitic Religion To-day (London, 1902).

Lagrange, M. J. Études sur les religions sémitiques (2d ed., Paris, 1905).

Arabian

Sale, G. Preliminary Discourse to Translation of the Koran (1734; new ed., London, 1857) (and in Wherry's Commentary on the Quran, London, 1882).

Sprenger, A. Das Leben und die Lehre des Mohammeds (Berlin, 1861-1865).

Syed, Ahmed. Essays on the Life of Mohammed and Subjects Subsidiary thereto (London, 1870).

Ameer, Ali. Life and Teachings of Mohammed, or the Spirit of Islam (London, 1873); Islam (London, 1897).

Tassy, Garcin de. L'Islamisme d'après le Coran (Paris, 1874).

Kremer, A. von. Kulturgeschichte des Orients unter den Chalifen (Vienna, 1875-1877).

Smith, R. B. Mohammed and Mohammedanism (New York, 1875).

Goldziher, I. Muhammedanische Studien (Halle, 1889-1890).

Muir, Sir William. Mahomet and Islam (London, Religious Tract Society; New York, ca. 1894).

Castries, le Comte Henry de. L'Islam (Paris, 1896).

Wellhausen, J. Reste arabischen Heidentumes (Berlin, 1897).

Smith, H. P. The Bible and Islam (New York, 1897).

Klein, F. A. The Religion of Islam (London, 1906).

Leonard, A. G. Islam, her Moral and Spiritual Value (London, 1909).

Macdonald, D. B. Religious Attitude and Life in Islam (Chicago, 1909); Aspects of Islam (New York, 1911).

Margoliouth, D. S. Article "Mahomet" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Thatcher, G. W. Article "Mahommedan Religion," ibid.

Nöldeke, Th. Article "Arabs (Ancient)" in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

Rees, J. D. The Muhammadans (in Epochs of Indian History) (London and New York, 1894).

Lane, E. W. Notes to his Thousand and One Nights (ed E. S. Poole, London, 1883).

Hartmann, M. Article "Islam in China" (announced to appear in Encyclopædia of Islam).[604]

Meyer, Edouard. Der Ursprung des Islams und die ersten Offenbarungen Mohammeds (excursus in his Ursprung und Geschichte der Mormonen, p. 62 ff.) (Halle a. S., 1912).

Toy, C. H. Mohammed and the Islam of the Koran, Harvard Theological Review (Cambridge, Mass., 1912).

Garnett, Lucy M. J. Mysticism and Magic in Turkey (London, 1912).

Babylonian-Assyrian

Jensen, P. Die Kosmologie der Babylonier (Strassburg, 1890).

Tiele, C. P. Babylonisch-assyrische Geschichte (Gotha, 1886); Die Religion in Babylonien und Assyrien (in his Geschichte der Religion im Alterthum) (new ed., Gotha, 1896-1903).

Jeremias, Friedr. Die Babylonier und Assyrier (in Saussaye's Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte) (2d ed., Freiburg, 1897).

King, L. W. Babylonian Religion and Mythology (London, 1899).

Jeremias, Alfred. Die babylonisch-assyrischen Vorstellungen vom Leben nach dem Tode (Leipzig, 1897); Das Alte Testament im Lichte des alten Orients (2d ed., Leipzig, 1906; Eng. tr., London and New York, 1911).

Jastrow, M., Jr. Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (Boston, 1898; Germ. ed., Giessen, 1904-); Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (in Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible, vol. v) (Edinburgh and New York, 1904); Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and Assyria (New York and London, 1911).

Harper, R. F. Assyrian and Babylonian Literature (New York, 1901).

Delitzsch, Friedr. Babel und Bibel (Leipzig, 1902; and Stuttgart, 1903; new ed., Stuttgart, 1905); Eng. tr., ed. C. H. W. Johns (London, 1903); Eng. tr. by McCormack and Carruth [with German criticisms and the author's replies] (Chicago, 1903).

Rogers, R. W. Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, especially in its Relations to Israel (New York, 1908).

Dhorme, P. La religion assyro-babylonienne (Paris, 1910).

Zimmern, H. Article "Babylonians and Assyrians" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Langdon, S. H. Sumerian and Babylonian Psalms (New York and Paris, 1909); Babylonian Eschatology (in Essays offered to C. A. Briggs, New York, 1911).

Toy, C. H. Panbabylonianism, Harvard Theological Review (Cambridge, Mass., 1910).

Articles on Marduk, Nebo, Oannes, etc., in Roscher's Lexikon.

Mandean

Nöldeke, Th. Mandäische Grammatik, Einleitung (Halle, 1875).

Brandt, A. J. H. W. Die mandäische Religion (Leipzig, 1889).

Kessler, K. Article "Mandäer" (in Herzog-Hauck's Real-Encyklopädie).

Gottheil, R. J. H. Article "Mandæans" (in Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia).[605]

Yesidi

Ibn Hallikan. Wafayât al-Áyân (Biographical Dictionary) (ed. F. Wüstenfeld, Göttingen, 1835-1840); Eng. tr. by MacGuckin de Slane (Paris and London, 1842-1871).

Layard, Sir A. H. Nineveh and its Remains (2d ed., London, 1849; new ed., New York, 1853); Discoveries among the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon (London, 1853).

Badger, G. P. Nestorians and their Rituals (London, 1852).

Siouffi, N. In Journal asiatique (Paris, 1882 and 1885).

Menant, J. Les Yezidiz, Annales du Musée Guimet (Paris, 1892).

Parry, O. H. Six Months in a Syrian Monastery (London, 1895).

Huart, Clément. History of Arabic Literature, p. 272 f. (London and New York, 1903).

Jackson, A. V. W. In Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. xxv, p. 178 ff. (1904); Sketch in his Persia, Past and Present (New York, 1906).

Article "Yesidis" in New International Encyclopædia (New York, 1905).

Lidzbarski, M. In Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. li (Leipzig).

Joseph, Isya. Yezidi Texts (reprinted from American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures) (Chicago, 1909).

Hebrew, Edomite, Phœnician, Aramean, etc.

Kuenen, A. Religion of Israel to the Fall of the Jewish State (Leipzig, 1873-1874; Eng. tr., London, 1874); The Prophets and Prophecy in Israel (Eng. tr., London, 1877).

Schultz, H. Old Testament Theology (Eng. tr. of 4th Germ. ed., Edinburgh, 1892).

Schwally, F. Das Leben nach dem Tode nach den Vorstellungen des alten Israel und Judentums (Giessen, 1892).

Montefiore, C. G. Religion of the Ancient Hebrews (London, 1892).

Dillon, E. J. The Sceptics of the Old Testament (London, 1895).

Gunkel, H. Schöpfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit (Göttingen, 1895).

Marti, K. Geschichte der israelitischen Religion (3d ed., Strassburg, 1897); Religion des Alten Testaments (Tübingen, 1906; Eng. tr., London, 1907).

Cheyne, T. K. Jewish Religious Life after the Exile (New York and London, 1898).

Budde, K. Religion of Israel to the Exile (New York and London, 1899).

Smend, R. Alttestamentliche Religionsgeschichte (Leipzig, 1899).

Kautzsch, E. Religion of Israel (in Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible, vol. v) (Edinburgh and New York, 1904).

Kent, C. F. History of the Hebrew People (New York, 1896-1899).

Mann, Newton. The Evolution of a Great Literature (2d ed., Boston, 1906).[606]

Addis, W. E. Hebrew Religion to the Establishment of Judaism under Ezra (London and New York, 1906).

Wellhausen, J. Israelitisch-jüdische Religion (in Kultur der Gegenwart) (Berlin and Leipzig, 1909).

Loisy, A. La religion d'Israël (2d ed., revised and enlarged, Ceffonds, chez l'auteur, 1908); Eng. tr., The Religion of Israel (London and New York, 190?).

Wallis, Louis. The Sociological Study of the Bible (Chicago, 1912).

Mitchell, H. G. Ethics of the Old Testament (Chicago, 1912).

Benziger, I. Hebräische Archäologie (2d ed., Tübingen, 1907).

Nowack, W. Lehrbuch der hebräischen Archäologie (Leipzig, 1894).

Wace, W. The Apocrypha (Eng. tr., in Speaker's Commentary) (London, 1888).

Schürer, E. Geschichte des jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi (3d and 4th edd., Leipzig, 1898-1907); Eng. tr. of 2d. ed., History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ (New York, 1891).

Büchler, A. Die Priester und der Cultus im letzten Jahrzehnt des jerusalemischen Tempels (Vienna, 1895).

Bousset, W. Die Religion des Judentums im neutestamentlichen Zeitalter (Berlin, 1903).

Riggs, J. S. History of the Jewish People during the Maccabean and Roman Periods (New York, 1910).

Hollmann, G. The Jewish Religion in the Time of Jesus (Eng. tr., London, 1909).

Graetz, H. History of the Jews (Eng. tr., Philadelphia, 1891-1895).

Grossman, L. Judaism and the Science of Religion (New York and London, 1889).

Suffrin, A. E. Article "Dualism (Jewish)" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Weber, F. Jüdische Theologie (2d. ed., Leipzig, 1897).

Lazarus, M. Ethics of Judaism (Eng. tr., Philadelphia, 1900- ).

Philipson, D. The Reform Movement in Judaism (New York and London, 1907).

Oesterley, W. O. E., and Box, G. H. Religion and Worship of the Synagogue (New York, 1907).

Bliss, F. J. The Religions of Modern Syria and Palestine (New York, 1912).

Joseph, M. Judaism as Creed and Life (London and New York, 1910).

Philo of Byblos, Greek tr. of Sanchuniathon (text, Greek and Latin, in K. Müller's Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum) (Paris, 1848).

Cory, I. P. Ancient Fragments of the Phœnician ... and Other Writers (London, 1876).

Gutschmid, A. von. Kleine Schriften (Leipzig, 1890).

Rawlinson, G. History of Phœnicia (London, 1889).

Pietschmann, R. Geschichte der Phoenizier (Berlin, 1889).[607]

Baudissin, W. von. Adonis und Esmun (Berlin, 1911).

Müller, W. Max. Remarks on the Carthaginian Deity, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. xxxii (December, 1912).

Articles "Edomites" and "Syrians" (announced) in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

Alexandre, Charles. Oracula Sibyllina (Greek text with Latin tr.) (Paris, 1841, new ed., 1869).

Friedlieb, J. H. Oracula Sibyllina (Greek text with German tr.) (Leipzig, 1852).

Rzach, A. Oracula Sibyllina (critical Greek text) (Vienna, 1891).

Terry, M. S. The Sibylline Oracles (translated from the Greek) (New York, 1890).

Asia Minor

Pseudo-Lucian. De Syria Dea.

Meyer, Edouard. Geschichte des Altertums, vol. i, part ii (2d ed., Stuttgart and Berlin, 1909).

Perrot and Chipiez. History of Art in Sardinia ... and Asia Minor (Eng. tr., 1890).

Messërschmidt, L. Corpus Inscriptionum Hettiticarum, Mitteilungen der vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft (Leipzig, 1900); The Ancient Hittites, Smithsonian Institution, Annual Reports (1893, 1894).

Ramsay, Sir William. Historical Geography of Asia Minor (in supplementary papers of the Royal Geographical Society, iv) (London, 1890); articles in Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, xv.

Winckler, H. In Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft (Berlin, 1907).

Hogarth, D. G. Article "Hittites" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Garstang, J. Land of the Hittites (London, 1910).

Ward, W. H. The Greek and the Hittite Gods (in Essays presented to C. A. Briggs, New York, 1911); Asianic Influence in Greek Mythology (in Studies presented to C. H. Toy, New York, 1912).

Roscher. Lexikon, article "Kybele."

Mithraism

Cumont Franz. Textes et monuments figurés relatifs aux mystères de Mithra (Brussels, 1899); Mystères de Mithra (2d ed., Paris, 1902; Eng. tr., Chicago, 1903); Astrology and Religion among the Greeks and Romans (New York and London, 1912); article "Mithras" in Roscher's Lexikon.

Indian (Vedic, Brahmanic, Modern)

Ward, W. A. View of the History, Literature and Mythology of the Hindoos (London, 1822).

Wilson, H. H. Sketch of the Religious Sects of the Hindus (in Asiatic Researches, 1828-1832) (republished, London, 1861).[608]

Macpherson, S. C. Religious Opinions and Observances of the Khonds, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (London, 1842 and 1852).

Burnouf, Emile. Essais sur le Véda (Paris, 1863).

Colebrooke, H. T. Essays (new ed., London, 1873).

Bergaigne, A. La religion védique (Paris, 1878-1883).

Müller, F. Max. Religions of India (London, 1878).

Zimmer, H. Altindisches Leben (Berlin, 1879).

Lefmann, S. Geschichte des alten Indiens (Berlin, 1880).

Barth, A. Religions of India (Eng. tr., London, 1882).

Deussen, P. Das System des Vedanta (Leipzig, 1883); Eng. tr., The system of the Vedanta (Chicago, 1912).

Wilkins, W. J. Modern Hinduism (London, 1887).

Le Bon, G. Les civilisations de l'Inde (Paris, 1887).

Lanman, C. R. Beginnings of Hindu Pantheism (Cambridge, Mass., 1890).

Monier-Williams, Sir Monier. Hinduism (London, 1890); Brahmanism and Hinduism (4th ed., London, 1891); Indian Wisdom (London, 1893).

Garbe, R. Die Samkhya Philosophie (Cambridge, Mass., and Boston, 1895); Beiträge zur indischen Kulturgeschichte (Berlin, 1903); Akbar, Emperor of India, The Monist, (Chicago, April, 1909).

Oldenberg, H. Religion des Veda (Berlin, 1894).

Macdonell, A. A. Vedic Mythology (Strassburg, 1897).

Hillebrandt, A. Vedische Mythologie (Breslau, 1891-1902).

Bloomfield, M. Religion of the Veda (New York and London, 1908).

Hopkins, E. W. Religions of India (Boston, 1895); The Great Epic of India (New York, 1901); India Old and New (New York, 1901).

Dubois, J. A. Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies (tr. from the author's later French manuscript, by H. K. Beauchamp) (Oxford, 1897).

Dutt, R. C. Civilization of India (London, 1900).

Eggeling, H. J. Article "Hinduism" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.) (London).

Beveridge, H. Article "Akbar" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics) (Edinburgh and New York).

Grierson, G. A. Article "Bhakti-Marga," ibid.

Pridham, C. An Account of Ceylon [the Veddas] (London, 1849).

Crooks, W. Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India (London, 1896); article "Bengal" in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics; article "Dravidians (North India)," ibid.

Frazer, R. W. Article "Dravidians (South India)," ibid.

Robertson, Sir G. Scott. The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush (London, 1896).

Rivers, W. H. H. The Todas (London, 1906).

Hodson, T. C. The Naga Tribes of Manipur (London, 1911).

Buddhism

Burnouf, Emile. Introduction à l'histoire du bouddhisme indien (Paris, 1844); Le lotus de la bonne loi (tr. of the Saddharma-Pundarika) (Paris, 1852).[609]

Huc, Abbé. Travels in Tartary, Thibet and China (1844-1846; Eng. tr., Chicago, 1898).

Hardy, R. Spence. Eastern Monachism (London, 1850); Manual of Buddhism in its Modern Development (2d ed., London, 1860).

Davids, T. W. Rhys. Some Points in the History of Indian Buddhism (London, 1881); Buddhism (London, 1882); Buddhist India (London, 1903); Buddhism, its History and Literature (2d ed., New York and London, 1907).

Oldenberg, H. Buddha, his Life, his Doctrine, his Order (Eng. tr., London, 1882).

Kern, H. The Lotus of the True Law (tr. of the Saddharma-Pundarika), vol. xxi of Sacred Books of the East (Oxford, 1884).

Monier-Williams, Sir Monier. Buddhism (London, 1890).

Hardy, Edmund. Der Buddhismus (Münster, 1890).

Copleston, R. S. Buddhism Primitive and Present in Magadha and in Ceylon (London, 1892).

Barth, A. Religions of India (Eng. tr., London, 1882).

Hopkins, E. W. Religions of India (Boston and London, 1895); India Old and New (New York, 1901).

Warren, H. C. Buddhism in Translations (Cambridge, Mass., 1896).

De la Vallée, Poussin. Buddhisme et religions de l'Inde (Brussels, 1912).

Waddell, L. A. Buddhism in Tibet, or Lamaism (London, 1895).

Grünwedel, A. Lamaismus (in Kultur der Gegenwart, Die orientalischen Religionen) (Berlin, 1906).

Rockhill, W. W. Life of the Buddha and the Early History of his Order [from Tibetan works] (London, 1907).

Beal, Samuel. Buddhism in China (London, 1884).

De Groot, J. J. M. On Mahayana (in his Religion of the Chinese) (New York, 1910).

Hackmann, H. Der Buddhismus (Halle a. S., 1905-1906); Eng. tr., Buddhism as a Religion (London, 1909).

Oltramare, P. Histoire des idées théosophiques dans l'Inde, Annales du Musée Guimet, v (Paris, 1906).

Cowell, Müller and Takakusu. Tr. of Buddhist Mahâyâna sûtras (including the Buddha-Karita of Asvaghosha), vol. xlix of Sacred Books of the East (Oxford, 1894).

Articles (announced) on Hinayana and Mahayana in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

Suzuki, T. Eng. tr. of Asvaghosha's Discourse on the Awakening of Faith (Chicago, 1900); Outlines of Mahâyâna Buddhism (London, 1907).

Aung, S. Z., and Mrs. Rhys Davids. Compendium of Philosophy (London, 1910).

Haas, H. Article "Amida Buddha unsere Zuflucht," Religions-Urkunden der Völker (Leipzig, 1910).[610]

Richard, T. The New Testament of Higher Buddhism (Edinburgh, 1910); Eng. tr. of Asvaghosha's Discourse on the Awakening of Faith (Shanghai, 1907).

Anesaki, M. Article "Docetism (Buddhist)" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Lloyd, A. The Creed of Half Japan, Sketches of Japanese Buddhism (New York, 1912).

Aiken, C. F. The Dhamma of Gotama the Buddha and the Gospel of Jesus the Christ (Boston, 1900) (with bibliography).

Edmunds, A. J. Buddhist and Christian Gospels (4th ed., Philadelphia, 1908-1909).

Jainism

Jacobi, H. Ǧaina-sutras, vol. xxii of Sacred Books of the East (Oxford, 1884).

Hopkins, E. W. Religions of India (Boston and London, 1895), and the bibliography there given.

Sikhs

Trumpp, Ernst. Religion der Sikhs (Leipzig, 1881); The Adi Granth (Eng. tr., London, 1907).

Hopkins, E. W. Religions of India, pp. 510 ff., 591 (Boston, 1895).

Macauliffe, M. A. The Sikh Religion (Oxford, 1909).

Bloomfield, M. The Sikh Religion (in Studies in the History of Religions presented to C. H. Toy) (New York, 1912).

Gypsies

Wlislocki, H. von. Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der Zigeuner (Münster, Westphalia, 1891).

Burton, Sir R. F. The Jew, the Gypsy, and El Islam (Chicago and New York, 1898).

Gaster, Moses. Article "Gipsies" (with bibliography) (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Article "Gypsies" in New International Encyclopædia.

Ethnologische Mitteilungen (Berlin, 1892).

Malay Peninsula and Assam

Skeat, W. W. Malay Magic (London, 1900).

Skeat, W. W., and Blagden, C. O. Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula (London, 1906).

Hodson, T. C. Genna amongst the Tribes of Assam, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, (London, 1905).

Gait, E. A. History of Assam (Calcutta, 1906).

Anderson, J. D. Article "Assam" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).[611]

Indo-Chinese Peninsula

Cabaton, A. Article "Annam" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Persian

Windischmann, F. Zoroastrische Studien (Berlin, 1863).

Spiegel, Fr. Eranische Alterthumskunde (Leipzig, 1871-1878).

Harlez, C. de. Introduction to his French Translation of the Avesta (Paris, 1881).

Haug, M. Essays on the Parsis (3d ed., London, 1884).

Justi, F. Geschichte des alten Persiens, p. 67 ff. (Berlin, 1879).

Geiger, W. Civilization of the Eastern Iranians in Ancient Times (Eng. tr., London, 1885-1886).

Darmesteter, J. Le Zend-Avesta (Paris, 1892-1893).

Jackson, A. V. Williams, Die Iranische Religion (in Geiger and Kuhn's Grundriss der iranischen Philologie) (Strassburg, 1896-1904); Zoroaster (New York and London, 1899); Persia, Past and Present (New York, 1906); article "Avesta" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics); Religion of the Achæmenian Kings (according to the inscriptions), Journal of the American Oriental Society, xxi (New Haven, 1901).

Browne, E. G. Literary History of Persia, p. 95 ff. (London, 1902).

Geldner, K. F. Avestalitteratur, Grundriss der iranischen Philologie, ii; Eng. tr., in Studies in honor of Sanjana (Strassburg, 1904).

Sanjana. Zarathushtra and Zarathushtrianism in the Avesta (Leipzig, 1906).

Menant, D. Zoroaster d'après la tradition parsie, Annales du Musée Guimet, vol. xxx (Paris).

Mills, L. H. Zarathushtra (Zoroaster), Philo, the Achæmenids and Israel (Chicago, 1906); articles (on Asha and Vohumanah) in Journal of the American Oriental Society, xx, xxi (New Haven, 1899-1901).

Gray, L. H. In Archiv für Religionswissenschaft vii, 345 (Leipzig, 1904).

Casartelli, L. C. Philosophy of the Mazdayasnian Religion under the Sassanids (Eng. tr., Bombay, 1889); article "Dualism, Iranian" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Moore, G. F. Zoroastrianism, Harvard Theological Review, vol. v. (Cambridge, Mass., 1912).

Darmesteter and Mills. Eng. tr. of the Avesta (in Sacred Books of the East) (Oxford, 1879- ).

Cumont, Fr. Article "Mithras" (in Roscher's Lexikon).

Manichæism

Beausobre, Isaac de. Histoire critique de Manichée et du manichéisme (Paris, 1734-1735).

Flügel, G. Mani, seine Lehre und seine Schriften (from the Fihrist) (Leipzig, 1862).[612]

Kessler, K. Mani (Berlin, 1889 and 1903); article "Mani und die Manichäer" (in Herzog-Hauck's Real-Encyklopädie) (Leipzig, 1903).

Kugener and Cumont. Recherches sur le manichéisme (Brussels, 1908 ff.)

Druses

Sacy, Silvestre de. Exposé de la religion des Druses (Paris, 1838).

Churchill, C. H. Ten Years' Residence in Mount Lebanon (London, 1853).

Wortabet, J. Researches into the Religions of Syria (London, 1860).

Guys, H. La théogonie des Druses (Paris, 1863).

Herzog-Hauck. Real-Encyklopädie, Index, s.v. Drusen.

Hogarth, D. G., and Bell, Gertrude L. Article "Druses" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Babism and Bahaism

Comte de Gobineau. Les religions et les philosophies dans l'Asie Centrale (Paris, 1866).

Browne, E. G. The Episode of the Bab: a Traveller's Narrative, vol. i Persian text, vol. ii Eng. tr. (Cambridge, England, 1891); New History of the Bab (Eng. tr., Cambridge, England, 1893).

Phelps, M. H. Life and Teaching of Abbas Effendi [son of the founder, Beháu'llah]—Religion of the Babis and Behais (New York, 1903).

Burney, Laura C. Some Answered Questions [statement of Bahaist beliefs by Abbas Efendi] (London, 1908).

Armenian

Sayce, A. H. Article "Armenia (Vannic)" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Ananikian, M. H. Article "Armenia (Zoroastrian)," ibid.

Ægean

Perrot and Chipiez. La Grèce primitive (in their Histoire de l'art) (Paris, 1895).

Evans, A. J. Mycenæan Tree and Pillar Cult (London and New York, 1901); Scripta Minoa [written documents of Minoan Crete] (Oxford 1909- ).

Articles in Journal of Hellenic Studies and Annals of the British School at Athens.

Hogarth, D. G. Article "Ægean Religion" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Greek

Augustine. De Civitate Dei.

Welcker, F. G. Griechische Götterlehre (Göttingen, 1857-1863).

Hermann, K. F. Lehrbuch der gottesdienstlichen Alterthümer der Griechen (Heidelberg, 1858).[613]

Gladstone, W. E. Juventus Mundi, the Gods and Men of the Heroic Age (London, 1869).

Boetticher, C. Baumkultus der Hellenen und Römer (Berlin, 1856).

Gruppe, O. Die griechischen Culte und Mythen (Leipzig, 1887); Griechische Mythologie (München, 1897-1906).

Stengel and Oehmichen. Die griechischen Sakralaltertümer (München, 1890).

Dyer, Louis. Studies of the Gods in Greece (London, 1891).

Caird, E. Evolution of Religion, lecture v (London and New York, 1893).

Gardner and Jevons. Greek Antiquities (London, 1895).

Mommsen, A. Feste der Stadt Athen (new ed., Leipzig, 1898).

Dickinson, G. Lowes. The Greek View of Life (2d ed., London, 1898).

Farnell, L. R. Cults of the Greek States (Oxford, 1896-1909); The Place of the 'Sondergötter' in Greek Polytheism (in Anthropological Essays presented to E. B. Tylor) (Oxford, 1907); Greece and Babylon (Edinburgh, 1911); Higher Aspects of Greek Religion (London, 1912).

Rohde, E. Psyche, 1894 (3d issue, Leipzig, 1903).

Harrison, Miss J. E. Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (Cambridge, Eng., 1903); Themis, a Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion (Cambridge, England, 1912).

Hatch, E. Influence of Greek Ideas and Usages upon the Christian Church (London, 1904).

Seymour, T. D. Life in the Homeric Age (New York and London, 1907).

Adam, James. The Religious Teachers of Greece (Edinburgh, 1908).

Pfister, F. Reliquien-Cult im Altertum (Giessen, 1909).

Foucart, P. Des associations religieuses chez les Grecs (Paris, 1873); Lea grands mystères d'Eleusis (Paris, 1900).

Jevons, F. B. Introduction to the History of Religion (2d ed., London, 1902), chap. xxiii f.

Jong, K. H. E. de. Das antike Mysterienwesen (Leiden, 1909).

Fairbanks, A. Handbook of Greek Religion (New York, 1910).

Reizenstein, R. Hellenistische Mysterienreligion (Leipzig and Berlin, 1910).

Article "Dionysos" in Roscher's Lexikon.

Articles "Mystery" and "Orpheus" in Encyclopædia Britannica 11th ed.

Article "Mystery" in New International Encyclopædia.

Bevan, E. R. Article "Deification (Greek and Roman)" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics) (Edinburgh and New York, 1912).

Lehmann-Haupt, C. F. Article "Sarapis" (in Roscher's Lexikon).

Mahaffy, J. P. History of Egypt under the Ptolemaic Dynasty, p. 56 ff. (London, 1889).

Steindorff, G. Religion of the Ancient Egyptians, p. 72 f. (New York and London, 1905).

Plutarch. Isis and Osiris.[614]

Preuschen, E. Mönchtum und Sarapiskult (Giessen, 1903).

Apuleius. Cult of Isis (in his Metamorphoses, bk. xi).

Drexler, W. Article "Isis" (in Roscher's Lexikon).

Religious Relations between Greece and India

Schröder, L. von. Pythagoras und die Inder (Leipzig, 1884).

Weber, A. Die Griechen in Indien, Literarisches Centralblatt (1884).

Garbe, R. Connexion between Indian and Greek Philosophy, The Monist (July, 1894).

Hopkins, E. W. Religions of India, chap. xix (Boston and London, 1895).

Pringle-Pattison, A. S. Article "Pythagoras" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Histories of Philosophy, on Pythagoras.

Roman

Varro, M. T. Res Rusticae (Leipzig, 1889); Res Divinae (from Augustine's De Civitate Dei) (Leipzig, 1896); De Lingua Latina (Leipzig, 1910).

Arnobius. Disputationes adversus Gentes (or Nationes) (Latin text, Vienna, 1875; Eng. tr., New York, 1888).

Servius. Commentary on Vergil (Leipzig, 1881-1887).

Macrobius. Saturnalia (Fr. tr., Paris, 1883).

Augustine. De Civitate Dei.

Mommsen, Th. Römische Geschichte (new ed., Berlin, 1856-1887; Eng. tr., London and New York, 1870, 1894, 1903).

Zeller, E. Religion und Philosophie bei den Römern (in his Beiträge und Abhandlungen) (Berlin, 1872).

Boissier G. La religion romaine d'Auguste aux Antonins (2d ed., Paris, 1878).

Renan, E. Influence of the Institutions, Thought and Culture of Rome on Christianity (London, 1880).

Preller-Jordan. Römische Mythologie (Berlin, 1881-1883).

Aust, E. Religion der Römer (Münster, Westphalia, 1899).

Wissowa, G. Religion und Kultus der Römer (Munich, 1902).

Fowler, W. W. Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic (London, 1899); Social Life at Rome in the Age of Cicero (New York, 1910); Religious Experience of the Roman People (London, 1911).

Friedländer, L. Sittengeschichte Roms (8th ed., Leipzig, 1910); Eng. tr. of 7th ed., Roman life and Manners under the Early Empire (London and New York ca. 1903).

Glover, T. R. Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire (2d ed., London, 1909).

Gruppe, G. Kulturgeschichte der römischen Kalserzeit (München, 1903-1904).[615]

Carter, J. B. Religion of Numa (London, 1906); The Religious Life of Ancient Rome (Boston and New York, 1911).

Reinach, S. Orpheus

Arnold, E. V. Roman Stoicism (Cambridge, England, 1911).

Etruscan

Herbig, G. Article "Etruscan Religion" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Celtic

Rhys, J. Celtic Heathendom (London, 1886).

Bertrand, A. Religion des Gaulois (2d ed., Paris, 1891).

Ihm, M. Der Mütter-oder Matronenkultus und seine Denkmäler, Bonner Jahrbücher (1887).

MacCulloch J. A. Religion of the Ancient Celts (Edinburgh, 1911); article "Celts" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics); article "Druids," ibid.

Gruffydd, W. J. Welsh Literature (in article "Celt" in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Quiggin, E. C. Article "Celtic Languages and Literature," ibid.

Robinson, F. N. Article "Deae Matres" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Revue Celtique (Paris).

Celtic Review, Edinburgh.

Teutonic

Grimm, J. Deutsche Mythologie (Berlin, 1835; 4th ed., 1875-1878); Kleinere Schriften (Berlin, 1864-1890).

Müllenhoff, K. Deutsche Altertumskunde (Berlin, 1870-1892).

Bugge, S. Studier over de nordiske Gude-og Heltesagns oprindelse (1880); Germ. tr., Studien über die Entstehung der nordischen Götterund Heldensagen (Munich, 1889).

Gruppe, O. Griechische Culte und Mythen in ihren Beziehungen zu den orientalischen Religionen, Index (Leipzig, 1887).

Mogk, E. Germanische Mythologie (in Paul's Grundriss der germanischen Philologie) (2d ed., Strassburg, 1898).

Meyer, E. H. Germanische Mythologie (Berlin, 1891).

Gummere, F. B. Article "Teutonic (or Germanic) Mythology" (in Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia); Germanic Origins (New York, 1892).

La Saussaye, P. D. Chantepie de. Religion of the Teutons (with bibliography) (Boston and London, 1902).

Chadwick, H. M. Article "Teutonic Peoples," p. 683 ff. (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Mannhardt, W. Baumcultus der Germanen und ihrer Nachbarstämme [616](Berlin, 1875); Antike Wald- und Feldkulte aus nordeuropäischen Uberlieferungen erläutert (Berlin, 1877); Mythologische Forschungen, Quellen und Forschungen (1884).

Jónsson, F. Article "The Eddas" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Vigfusson, G., and Powell, F. York. Corpus Poeticum Boreale (Old Norse Poetry, Scaidic and Eddic) (Oxford, 1883).

Thorpe, B. Metrical Translation of the Edda (London, 1866).

Slavic

Archiv für slavische Philologie (Berlin, 1876- ).

Manns, E. H. Article "Slavs," p. 230 (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th. ed.).

Usener, H. Götternamen (Bonn, 1896).

Krauss, F. S. Slavische Folkforschungen (Leipzig, 1908).

Mone, F. J. Geschichte des Heidenthums in nördlichen Europa (Leipzig, 1836).

Central and Northern Asia

Ratzel, F. History of Mankind (Eng. tr., London, 1896-1898).

Featherman, A. Races of Mankind, iv (London, 1881-1891).

Pumpelly, R. Explorations in Turkestan (Prehistoric Civilizations of Anau) (Washington, 1908).

Vámbéry, A. Die primitive Cultur des turko-tatarischen Volkes (Leipzig, 1879).

Huc, E. R. Travels in Tartary, Tibet, and China (Eng. tr., London, 1859).

Keane, A. H. Asia (London, 1896-1906); article "Asia" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

King, L. W. History of Sumer and Akkad, Appendix (New York, 1910).

Mouhot, H. Travels in the Central Parts of Indo-China (London, 1864).

Cross, E. B. The Karens, Journal of the American Oriental Society, iv (New York, 1854).

Klementz, Demetrius. Article "Buriats" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Wasiljev, J. Heidnische Gebräuche, Aberglaube und Religion der Wotyaken (Helsingfors, 1902).

Jochelson, W. The Koryak (in Jesup North Pacific Expedition, vi) (New York).

Bogoras, W. The Chukchee, ibid.

Wright, J. H., editor. History of All Nations, vol. ii, Central and Eastern Asia in Antiquity (by F. Justi, F. W. Williams, M. Jastrow, Jr., and A. V. W. Jackson) (Philadelphia and New York, 1902 and 1905).

Wlislocki, H. von. Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der Magyaren (Münster, Westphalia, 1893).

Castrén, M. A. Finnische Mythologie (Germ. tr., St. Petersburg, 1853).[617]

Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicæ (Helsingfors).

Comparetti, D. Il Kalevala, o la poesia tradizionale del Finni (Rome, 1891).

Crawford, J. M. Eng. tr. of the Kalevala (New York, 1888).

Kirby, W. F. Eng. tr. of the Kalevala (London, 1898).

Japan

Griffis, W. E. The Religions of Japan (London, 1895).

Aston, W. G. Shinto (London, 1907).

Knox, G. W. Development of Religion in Japan (New York and London, 1907).

Longford, J. H. Story of Old Japan (London, 1910).

Brinkley, F. In article "Japan" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed., p. 222 ff.).

Batchelor, J. The Ainu and their Folklore (London, 1901); article "Ainus" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Howard, B. D. Life with the Trans-Siberian Savages (London, 1893).

China and Korea

Douglas, R. K. Confucianism and Taouism (London, 1889).

Legge, James. Religions of China (London, 1880); articles "Confucius" and "Lâo-Tsze" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.); Texts of Taoism (in Sacred Books of the East, vol. xi).

De Groot, J. J. M. Religious System of China (Leiden, 1892-1907); Religion of the Chinese (New York, 1910); Religion in China: Universism, a Key to the Study of Taoism and Confucianism (New York and London, 1912).

Giles, H. A. Articles "Religions of Ancient China," "China" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Griffis, W. E. Corea, the Hermit Nation (New York, 1901).

Longford, J. H. Story of Korea (New York, 1911).

Howarth, O. J. R. Article "Korea" (in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.).

Underwood, H. G. Religions of Eastern Asia (New York, 1910).

Parker, E. H. Studies in Chinese Religion (London, 1910).

Chavannes, E. Mémoires historiques, vol. i, Introduction to tr. of the Tao-Teh-King (Paris, 1895).

Dvorak, R. China's Religionen, No. 2 (Münster, 1903).

Heysingor, J. W. The Light of China (metrical version of the Tao-Teh-King) (Philadelphia, 1903).

Oceania

Ratzel, F. History of Mankind (Eng. tr., London, 1896-1898).

Frazer, J. G. Totemism and Exogamy, Index (London, 1910); The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead (the Gifford Lectures, 1911-1912) (London and New York).[618]

Bastian A. Inselgruppen in Oceania (Berlin, 1883).

Keane, A. H. Article "Australasia" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Polynesia

Mariner, W. Tonga Islands (London, 1817).

Grey, G. Polynesian Mythology (Auckland, 1885).

Ellis, W. Polynesian Researches (London, 1859); Tour around Hawaii (London, 1829).

Jarves, J. J. History of the Hawaiian Islands (Honolulu, 1872).

Bastian, A. Zur Kenntniss Hawaiis (Berlin, 1883).

Alexander, W. D. Brief History of the Hawaiian People (London, 1892).

Achelis, Thos. Ueber Mythologie und Cultus von Hawaii, 1895 (reprint from Ausland, 1893).

Taylor, R. New Zealand and its Inhabitants (London, 1870).

Gill, W. Myths and Songs of the South Pacific (London, 1876).

Turner, G. Samoa (London, 1884).

Krämer, A. Hawaii, Ostmikronesien und Samoa (Stuttgart, 1906).

Tregear, E. The Maori race (Wanganui, New Zealand, 1904).

Shortland, E. Traditions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders (London, 1854).

Bässler, A. Südsee Bilder (Berlin, 1895); Neue Südsee Bilder (Berlin, 1900).

Melanesia

Williams, J., and Calvert, J. Fiji and the Fijians (London, 1870).

Codrington, R. H. The Melanesians (Oxford, 1891).

Seligmann, C. G. The Melanesians of British New Guinea (Cambridge, England, 1910).

Brown, George. Melanesians and Polynesians (London and New York, 1910).

Furness, W. H., 3d. The Island of Stone-Money (Uap of the Carolines), (Philadelphia and London, 1910).

Australia and Tasmania

Spencer, B., and Gillen, J. Native Tribes of Central Australia (London, 1899); Northern Tribes of Central Australia (London, 1904).

Howitt, A. W. Native Tribes of South-East Australia (London, 1904).

Parker, Mrs. K. L. The Euahlayi Tribe (London, 1905).

Gennep, A. V. Mythes et légendes d'Australie (Paris, 1906).

Thomas, N. W. Native Tribes of Australia (London, 1907); article "Australia" (in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Tylor, E. B. On the Tasmanians as Representatives of Palæolithic Man, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxiii

Malay Archipelago and the Philippines

Marsden, W. History of Sumatra (London, 1811).

Bock, C. Head-hunters of Borneo (London, 1881).[619]

Man, E. H. The Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xii (London, 1885).

Wallace, A. R. The Malay Archipelago (London, 1890).

Wilken, G. A. Het shamanisme bij de volken van den Indischen Archipel ('S-Hage, 1887).

Kruijt, A. C. Het animisme in den indischen Archipel ('S-Gravenhage, 1906).

Sarasin, P. and F. Die Weddas von Ceylon und die umgebenden Völkerschaften (Wiesbaden, 1893).

Roth, H. L. The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo (London, 1896).

Haddon, A. C. Head-hunters, Black, White and Brown (London, 1901).

Furness, W. H., 3d. Home-life of Borneo Head-hunters (Philadelphia, 1902).

Morris, Miss M. Harvest Gods of the Land Dyaks of Borneo, Journal of the American Oriental Society (July, 1905).

Hurgronye, C. Snouck. The Achehnese (London, 1906).

Warneck, J. Die Religion der Batak (in J. Böhmer's Religionsurkunden der Völker, Abth. iv, Bd. i) (Leipzig, 1909).

Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology of the Philippine Government.

Journal of American Folklore.

Philippine Journal of Science, Manila.

Bureau of American Ethnology.

Blumentritt, F. Diccionario mitologico de Philippinas (2d ed., Madrid, 1895).

Beyer, H. O., and Barton, R. F. An Ifugao Burial Ceremony (reprint from Philippine Journal of Science) (1911).

North America

Relation des Jésuites de la Nouvelle France [17th century] (edited, with Eng. tr., by R.G. Thwaites, Cleveland, 1901).

Parkman, F. The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century (London, 1867).

Williams, Roger. Key into the Language of America (London, 1643).

Hodge, F. W. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico (Washington, 1907-1910).

Journal of American Folklore (Boston and New York).

Smith, John. General History of Virginia (London, 1627; new issue, 1907).

Strachey, W. Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia (1618; ed. R. H. Major, London, 1849).

Henderson, S. R. The Government and Religion of the Virginia Indians, Johns Hopkins University Studies in History and Political Science, xiii (Baltimore).

Müller, J. G. Geschichte der amerikanischen Urreligionen (Basel, 1867).[620]

Schoolcraft, H. R. Indian Tribes of the United States (Philadelphia, 1851-1860).

Bancroft, H. H. Native Races of the Pacific States of North America (New York, 1875-1876).

Winsor, J. Narrative and Critical History of America (Boston, 1889).

Payne, E. J. History of the New World, called America (Oxford, 1899).

Cushing, F. H. My Adventures in Zufii, Century Magazine (New York, May, 1883).

Fletcher, Alice. Indian Ceremonies from the Sixteenth Report of the Peabody Museum of American Archæology and Ethnology (Cambridge, Mass., 1883) (Salem, Mass., 1884).

Gatschet, A. S. A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians (Philadelphia, 1884).

Brinton, D. G. The Lenâpé and their Legends (Philadelphia, 1885).

Fewkes, J. W. The Winter Solstice Ceremony at Walpi (reprinted from the American Anthropologist, xi) (Washington, 1898).

Matthews, W. Navaho Legends (Boston and New York, 1897).

Boas, F. The Indians of British Columbia (reprinted from Report of the British Association, 1889) (London); The Kwakiutl (Washington, 1897).

Teit, J. Traditions of the Thompson River Indians of British Columbia (Boston and New York, 1898).

Morice, A. G. Notes ... on the Western Dénés, Transactions of the Canadian Institute (1894).

Will, G. F., and Spinden, H. J. The Mandans [of North Dakota], (Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass., 1906).

Hill-Tout, C. British North America (the Far West) (London, 1907).

Dixon, R. B. The Northern Maidu [of California], Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, vol. xvii (New York, 1905); The Shasta (California), ibid. (New York, 1907); The Chimariko Indians, University of California Publications in American Archæology and Ethnology (Berkeley, 1910).

Cranz. D. History of Greenland (London, 1820).

Rink, H. J. Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo (Edinburgh and London, 1875); The Eskimo Tribes (Copenhagen and London, 1887).

Boas, F. The Central Eskimo, Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1884-1885 (Washington, 1888).

Rasmussen, Knud. People of the Polar North (London, 1908).

Radin, P., and Gray, L. H. Article "Eskimos" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Mormonism

Riley, I. W. The Founder of Mormonism, a Psychological Study of Joseph Smith (New York, 1902).

Linn, W. A. The Story of the Mormons ... to the Year 1901 (New York 1902).[621]

Meyer, Edouard. Ursprung und Geschichte der Mormonen (Halle a. S., 1912).

Mexico

Sahagun, F. B. de. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Mexico, 1829-1830, and Fr. tr.).

Acosta, J. de. Historia de las Indias (Eng. tr., C. R. Markham, London, 1880).

Herrera, A. de. Historia de las Indias Ocidentales (Eng. tr., London, 1825-1826).

Seler, E. Altmexikanische Studien, Publications of Berlin Museum für Völkerkunde, vi (1899); Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur amerikanischen Sprach-und Alterthumskunde (Berlin, 1902-1909).

Prescott, W. H. Conquest of Mexico (Boston, 1843).

Réville, A. Native Religions of Mexico and Peru (London, 1884).

Spence, L. Mythologies of Ancient Mexico and Peru (London, 1907).

Preuss, K. T. Die Feuergötter als Ausgangspunkt zum Verständniss der mexikanischen Religion, Mitteilungen der [Wiener] anthropologischen Gesellschaft (1903).

Nutall, Zelia. A Penitential Rite of the Ancient Mexicans, Archæological and Ethnological Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass., 1904).

Toy, C. H. Mexican Human Sacrifice, Journal of American Folklore (Boston and New York, 1905).

Central America

Brinton, D. G. The Names of the Gods in the Kiche Myths of Central America, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia, 1881); The Annals of the Cakchiquels (Philadelphia, 1885); Nagualism, a Study in Native American Folklore and History (Philadelphia, 1894).

Schellhas, P. Representations of Deities of the Maya Mss. (Eng. tr. of 2d ed. in Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University) (Cambridge, Mass., 1904).

Tozzer, A. M. Comparative Study of the Mayas and Lacandones [of Yucatan] (New York and London, 1907).

Porto Rico

Fewkes, J. W. Aborigines of Porto Rico (in Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology, xxv) (Washington).

South America

La Vega, Garcilaso de. Comentarios reales de los Incas (1609; Eng. tr., ed. C. R. Markham, Rites and Laws of the Yncas) (London, 1870).

Prescott, W. H. Conquest of Peru (Boston, 1847).[622]

Bernau, J. H. Missionary Labors in British Guiana (London, 1847).

Im Thurn, F. Among the Indians of Guiana (London, 1883).

Réville and Spence. See under 'Mexico.'

Hyades, P., and Deniker, J. Mission scientifique du Cap Horn (Paris, 1882-1883, 1891-).

Von den Strinen, K. Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Brasiliens (Berlin, 1894).

Bässler, A. Altperuanische Kunst (1902).

Ehrenreich, P. Mythen und Legenden der südamerikanischen Urvölker (Berlin, 1905).

Farabee, W. C. Some Customs of the [Peruvian] Machegongos (reprinted from Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society) (Worcester, 1909).

Africa

Waitz-Garland. Anthropologie der Naturvölker (Leipzig, 1859-1872).

Ellis, W. History of Madagascar (London, 1838).

Fritsch, G. Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrika's (Breslau, 1872).

Hahn, Th. Tsuni-Goam, the Supreme Being of the Khoi-Khoi (London, 1881).

Macdonald, D. Africana (London, 1882).

Macdonald, J. Manners, Customs, Superstitions and Religions of South-African Tribes, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xix, xx (London); East Central African Customs, ibid., xxii (London, 1893).

Callaway, H. Religious System of the Amazulu (Natal, 1868-1870).

Ellis, A. B. The Tshi-speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa (London, 1887); The Eẃe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa (London, 1890); The Yoruba-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa (London, 1894).

Schneider, W. Religion der afrikanischen Naturvölker (Münster, Westphalia, 1891).

Hanoteau, A., and Letourneaux, A. La Kabylie (2d ed., Paris, 1893).

Westermarck, E. Nature of the Arab Ǧinn, Journal of the Anthropological Institute (London, 1900); L'âr, or the Transference of Conditional Curses in Morocco (in Anthropological Essays presented to E. B. Tylor) (Oxford, 1907).

Kingsley, Mary. Travels in West Africa (London, 1897); West African Studies (London, 1901).

Theal, G. M. Records of South-Eastern Africa (London, 1898-1900); History and Ethnography of South Africa (London, 1907-1910).

Quatrefages, A. de. The Pygmies (Eng. tr., New York, 1895).

Johnston, H. The Pygmies of the Great Congo Forest, Smithsonian Institution Reports, 1902 (Washington).

Schmidt, W. Stellung der Pygmäenvölker in der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen (Stuttgart, 1910).[623-624]

Mac-Ritchie, D. Article "Dwarfs and Pygmies" (in Hastings's Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics).

Frobenius, L. Ursprung der afrikanischen Kulturen (1898; Eng. tr. in Smithsonian Institution Reports, 1898, Washington).

Hinde, S. L., and Mrs. Hildegarde. The Last of the Masai (London, 1901).

Hollis, A. C. The Masai (Oxford, 1905); The Nandi (Oxford, 1909).

Nassau, R. H. Fetichism in West Africa (London, 1904).

Kidd, D. The Essential Kafir (London, 1904).

Johnston, H. The Uganda Protectorate (London, 1904).

Partridge, C. Cross River Natives (London, 1905).

Roscoe, J. Manners and Customs of the Baganda, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxxi, xxxii (London); The Bahima, ibid. xxxvii (London).

Brun, P. Croyances et pratiques religieuses des Malinkés fétichistes, Anthropos, ii (Salzburg, 1907).

Leonard, A. G. The Lower Niger and its Tribes (London, 1906).

Milligan, R. H. The Fetish Folk of West Africa (New York, 1912).