B
Baal, the moon god as, [51]; shadowy spouse of, [100]; Ashur as, [355]; worship of the Phoenician in Israel, [406]. Baal-dag´on, the god, symbols of, [32]. Bä´asha, King of Israel, [403]; Damascus aids Judah against, [404], [405]. Bä´ä-ü, the Phoenician mother goddess, [150]. Babbar (bäb´bar), sun god, [125]; Nin Girsu and, [132]; of Sippar, [240]. See Shamash. Babylon, in early Christian literature, [xvii]; German excavations at, [xxiv]; Isaiah foretells doom of, [113], [114], [478]; sack of by Gutium, [129]; political rise of, [217] et seq.; early history of, [218]; Greek descriptions of late city of, [219] et seq.; "hanging gardens" of, [220]; date of existing ruins of, [222]; marriage market of, [224], [225]; sun worship in, [240]; the London of Western Asia, [253]; return of Merodach from Mitanni to, [272]; observatory at, [321]; destruction of by Sennacherib, [468], [469]; restored by Esarhaddon, [471]; Ashur-bani-pal restores Merodach to, [481], [482]; Shamash-sum-ukin's revolt in, [484], [485]; Belshazzar's feast in, [494], [495]; under the Persians, [496]; Xerxes pillages Merodach's temple in, [497]; Alexander the Great in, [497], [498]; under empire of Seleucidae, [498]; slow death of, [498], [499]. Babylonia, excavations in, [xix] et seq.; religion of, [xxviii], [xxxi]; debt of modern world to, [xxxv]; early divisions of, [1] et seq.; harvests of, [21], [22]; the two seasons of, [23], [24]; rise of empire of, [133]; Amorite migration into, [217]; Golden Age of, [253]; Hittite invasion of, [259]; Tell-el-Amarna letters and, [281]; early struggles with Assyria, [284]-[286] ; star myths of, [290] et seq.; ancestor worship in, [295]; beginning of arithmetic in, [310] et seq.; Kassites and Mesopotamia, [358],359,[361] et seq.; Arabian desert route, [360]; influence of Hittites in, [364], [366], [368]; Assyria controlled by, [370]; Kassite dynasty ends, [370]-[371] ; compared with Assyria, [371]-[375] ; Tig-lath-pileser II and, [385]; Ashur-natsir-pal III overawes, [399]; Shamshi-Adad VII subdues, [414],415; Tiglath-pileser IV, the "Pulu" of, [444]-[446] ; Esarhaddon and, [471]-[476] ; Neo-Babylonian Age, [478] et seq.; Alexander the Great and, [497]. Baghdad railway, following ancient trade route, [357], 357 n[[407]]. Balder, the Germanic god, Gilgamesh and, [184]; new age of, [202], [203]. Bä-neb-tet´tu, Egyptian god, [29]. Barley, husks of in Egyptian pre-Dynastic bodies, [6]. Barleycorn, John, Nimrod and Icelandic god Barleycorn and, [170], [171]. Barque of Ra, sun as and the Babylonian "boat", [56], [57]. Basques, the, language of and the Sumerian, [3]; shaving customs of, [4]. Bäst, the Egyptian serpent mother, [76]. Bä´ta, the Egyptian tale of, [85]. Bats, ghosts as, [65]. Battle, the Everlasting, [65]. Bau (bä´ü), mother goddess, [100]; Gula and Ishtar and, [116]; in Kish, [114], [126], [127]; associated with Nin-Girsu, [115], [116]; Tiamat and, [150]; doves and, [428]; creatrix and, [437]. Bear, as a clan totem, [164]. Bearded gods, the Sumerian, [135], [136], [137]; Egyptian customs, [136]. "Beare, the Old Woman of", as the eternal goddess, [101], [102]. Behistun, rock inscription at, [xx]. Bel, the, Merodach as, [34]; Enlil as the "elder", [35]; demons as "beloved sons" of, [63]; Zu bird strives to be, [74]; in demon war, [77]; as son of Ea, [139]; decapitated to create mankind, [148]; Etana visits heaven of, [166]; in Gilgamesh legend, [172]; in flood legend, [190] et seq.; Zodiacal "field" of, [307]; Sargon II and the "elder", [463]. Bel´-Kap-Kä´pü, King of Babylonia, as overlord of Assyria, [419]. Bel-nirari (bel´-ni-rä´ri), King of Assyria, [285], [286]. Bel-shum-id´din, last Kassite king, [371]. Beli (bā´le), "the Howler", enemy of Germanic corn god, [95]. Belit-sheri (bel-it-she´ri), sister of Tammuz, in Hades, [98], [117]. Belshaz´zar, King of Babylon, overthrow of, [494], [495]. Beltane Day, fire ceremony of, [50]. Beltu (bāl´tü), the goddess, [36], [100]. Ben-ha´dad I, King of Damascus, as overlord of Judah and Israel, [404]. Ben-hadad II, Ahab defeats twice, [406], [407]; murder of by Hazael, [410]. Ben-hadad III, Assyrians overcome, [438], [439]. Beowulf (bā-ō-wülf), brood of Cain in, [80]; Scyld myth, [92], [93]; sea monsters, [152]; mother-monster in like Sumerian and Scottish, [154], [155]. Ber, "lord of the wild boar", Ninip as, [302]. Bero´sus, [27], [30], [83], [148], [164], [170], [198], [466], [470], [492]. Bhima (bhee´ma), the Indian, like Gilgamesh and Hercules, [187]. Birds, as ghosts and fates, [65]; owl as mother's ghost, [70]; demons enter the, [71]; Sumerian Zu bird and Indian Garuda, [74], [75], [168], [169]; in Germanic legends, [147] n.; as symbols of fertility, [169]; birth eagle, [168], [169], [171]; imitation of and musical culture, [238]; associated with goddesses, [423] et seq.; fairies as, [429]. See Doves, Eagle, Raven, Swan, Vulture, Wryneck. Birth, magical aid for, [165]; strawgirdles, serpent skins, eagle stones, and magical plant, [165]. Bi-sexual deities, Nannar, moon god, Ishtar, Isis, and Hapi as, [161], [162]; Nina and Atargatis as, [277], [278]; Merodach and Ishtar change forms, [299]; Venus both male and female, [299]; mother body of moon father, [299]; Isis as a male, [299]. Bitumen, Mesopotamian wells of, [25]. Blake, W., double vision, [336]. Blood, as vehicle of life, [45], [47], [48]; inspiration from, [48]; corn stalks as, [55]; sap of trees as, [47]. Boann (bō´än), Irish river and corn goddess, [33]. Boar, offered to sea god, [33]; demon Set as, [85]; Babylonian Ninshach as, [86]; Adonis slayer as, [86], [87]; Attis slain by, [87]; Diarmid slain by, [87]; the Irish "green boar", [87]; the Totemic theory, [293], [294]; Ninip-Ber as lord of the wild, [302]; Nergal as, [304]; Ares as, [304]; Ninip and Set as, [315]; the Gaulish boar god and Mercury, [316], [317]. Boghaz-Köi (bog-häz´-keüi), prehistoric pottery at, [5]; Hittite capital, [262]; mythological sculptures near, [268]; Winckler cuneiform tablets from, [280], [367]. Bones, why taken from graves, [214]; Shakespeare's curse, [215]. Borsippa (bor´sip-pa), observatory at, [321]. Botta, P. C, excavations of, [xix], [xx]. Bracelet, the wedding, Ishtar's, [98]; the Hindu, 98 n[[123]]. Brahmä, the Indian god, like Ea, [27]; Anu and, [38]; wife of, [101]; eagle as, [169]; Ashur and, [328]. Brähmans, algebra formulated by, [289]; Assyrian teachers and, [352]. Breath of Apis bull, inspiration from, [49]. Britain, the ancestral giant of, [42]; Tammuz myth in, [85]; birth girdles in, [165]; "Island of the Blessed" of, [203]; in Egypt and Persia, [357]. Brood of Tiamat, in Creation legend, [141]. Brown, Robert, on Babylonian culture in India, [199], [200], [308], [309], [310], [318], [322]. Brown Race, the. See Mediterranean Race. Buddha (büd´hă), Babylonian teachers like, [42]. Budge, E. Wallis, on oldest companies of Babylonian and Egyptian gods, [36], [37]. Bull, offered to sea god, [33]; Ninip as the, [53], [302], [334]; of Mithra, [55]; the winged, [41], [65]; Osiris as, [85], [89], [99]; Tammuz as, [85]; Attis and the, [89]; Enlil as, [159]; of Ishtar in Gilgamesh myth, [176]; seers wrapped in skin of, [213]; Horus as, [301], [302]; as sky god, [329]; Ashur as, [334]; the lunar, [135], [334]. Burial customs, cremation ceremony, [49], [50], [350]; "house of clay", [56]; "houses" and charms for dead, [206], [207], [212]; Palaeolithic and Neolithic, [207]; the Egyptian, [209]; religious need for ceremonies, [268], [209]; Sumerian like early Egyptian, [211], [214]; priestly fees, [210], [211]; food, fishhooks and weapons in graves, [212]; why dead were clothed, [213]; honey in coffins, [214]; disturbance of bones, [214], [215]; burnings at Hebrew graves, [350], [351]. Buriats, the, "calling back" of ghosts by, [69], [70]; earth and air elves of, [105]. Burkans (boor´kans), "the masters", spirits or elves of Siberians, [105]. Burnaburiash I (bür´na-bür´i-ash), Kassite king, [274]. Burns, Robert, [72]; the John Barleycorn myth, [170]. Burrows, Professor, Cretan snake and dove goddess, [430]. Byron, star lore, [325].