Outlining in Squares.

This consists in painting the small squares forming the outline of the figure as called for by the outline of the drawing. Two methods are observed: One “outlining in squares” inside the “drawing outline;” the other “outlining in squares” outside the “drawing outline.”

If painting outside the outline, no small squares are taken, in which the drawing outline, taken from inside the figure, encloses more than one-half of their surfaces. If painting the “outline in squares” inside the “drawing outline,” this rule is reversed, thus no small square can be taken which is overrun by the drawing outline more than one-half from the outside of the design. The most difficult part of the outlining in squares is to obtain the nearest possible reproduction of the drawing outline. If circles, curves, etc., are to be made, they must be reproduced as nearly correct as possible; no bunches, cuts, etc., should disturb its symmetry.

Fig. 87.

[Fig. 87] shows the variations and methods to be resorted to in “outlining by squares” the five circles, each of different size.

[Fig. 88] shows the formation of projected straight lines varying from a horizontal to a vertical direction. The full changes by 8^s, 7^s, 6^s, 5^s, 4^s, 3^s, 2^s, 1^s are shown in full black. The half changes between the 2^s and 3^s are formed of 2^s and 3^s taken alternately as shown by the shaded line. Another half change between 1^s and 2^s, also represented by the shaded effect, shows the change to be a repetition of the step 1, 1, 2. Between this last mentioned change and the regular 2^s change, we find the direction of a straight line as derived from a repetition of 2, 2, 1, indicated by the [.] Below the regular change by 1^s the straight line is formed by using 7 times 1 and once 2 repeated. Above the regular change by 1^s as shown by the black diagonal, these same changes will form straight lines running from 45° to 90°.

Fig. 88.