Soap-Making Manual / A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant.

by Edgar George Thomssen

INDEX

A
Acetin process for the determination of glycerol, [155].
Acid, Clupanodonic, [20].
Acid, Hydrochloric, [111].
Acid, Lauric, [2].
Acid, Myristic, [2].
Acid, Napthenic, [24].
Acid, Oleic, [15], [19].
Acid, Palmitic, [2].
Acid, Pinic, [22].
Acid, Resin, [144].
Acid, Stearic, [15], [19].
Acid, Sulfuric, [112].
Acid, Sylvic, [22].
Acid saponification, [120].
Air bleaching of palm oil, [12].
Albuminous matter, Removal from tallow, [6].
Alcohol, Denatured, [82].
Alcoholic method for free alkali in soap, [139].
Alkali Blue [6] B, indicator, [129].
Alkali, Total, determination of in soap, [147].
Alkalis, [25].
Alkalis used in soap making,
Testing of, [134].
Amalgamator, [33].
Analysis, Glycerine, International, [150].
Analysis, Soap, [137].
Analysis, Standard methods for fats and oils, [165]-196.
Aqueous saponification, [121].
Arachis oil, [79].
Autoclave saponification, [118].
Automobile soaps, [41].
B
Barrels, sampling, [168].
Baumé scale, [25].
Bayberry wax, Use in shaving soap, [89].
Bichromate Process for glycerol determination, [160].
Bleaching, Fullers' earth process for tallow, [4].
Bleaching palm oil by bichromate method, [9].
Bleaching palm oil by air, [12].
Bosshard & Huggenberg method for determination of free alkali, [140].
Bunching of soap, [52].
C
Candelite, [96].
Candle tar, [125].
Carbolic soap, [77].
Carbon Dioxide, Formation of in carbonate saponification, [45].
Carbonate, potassium, [29].
Carbonate, saponification, [35], [45].
Carbonate, sodium, [28].
Castile soap, [79].
Castor oil ferment, [121].
Castor oil, Use of in transparent soaps, [83].
Caustic potash, [26].
Caustic potash, Electrolytic, [27].
Caustic soda, [26].
Changes in soap-making, [36].
Chemist, Importance of, [127].
Chipper, Soap, [32].
Chip soap, [54].
Chip soap, Cold made, [55].
Chip soap, Unfilled, [56].
Chrome bleaching of palm oil, [9].
Cloud test for oil, Standard method, [182]-183.
Clupanodonic acid, [20].
Cocoanut oil, [6].
Cold cream soap, [78].
Cold made chip soaps, [55].
Cold made toilet soaps, [72].
Cold made transparent soaps, [84].
Cold process, [35], [43].
Colophony, [22].
Coloring soap, [75].
Copra, [7].
Corn oil, [14].
Corrosive sublimate, [78].
Cotton goods. Soaps used for, [103].
Cottonseed oil, [14].
Cream, Shaving, [90].
Crude glycerine, [113].
Crutcher, [32].
Curd soap, [71].
Cutting table, [32].
D
Determination of free fatty acid, [128].
Determination of unsaponifiable matter, [132].
Distillation of fatty acids, [125].
Drying machine, [32].
E
Enzymes, [17].
Eschweger soap, [81].
Examination of fats and oils, [128].
F
Fahrion's method for moisture, [138].
Fats and oils, Examination of, [128].
Fats and oils used in soap manufacture, [3].
Fatty acids, [14].
Fatty acids, Distillation of, [125].
Ferments, Splitting fats with, [121].
Fillers for laundry soaps, [53].
Fillers for soap powders, [58].
Finishing change, [36].
Fish oils, [20].
Floating soap, [62].
Formaldehyde soap, [78].
Frames, [31].
Free alkali in soap, Determination of, [139].
Free fatty acid, Determination of, [128].
Free fatty acids, Extraction from tallow, [6].
Free fatty acid, Standard method of dilu., [174].
Note on method, [188]-189.
Full boiled soaps, [35].
Fullers' earth bleaching of tallow, [4].
G
Glycerides, [2].
Glycerine, [2].
Glycerine analysis, [150].
Glycerine change, [36].
Glycerine, Crude, [113].
Glycerine in spent lyes, Recovery of, [106].
Glycerine in soap, Determination of, [149].
Glycerine, Sampling crude, [162].
Glycerine soaps, [83].
Glycerol content, Ways of calculating actual, [159].
Glycerol determination, Acetin process, [155].
Glycerol determination, Bichromate process for, [160].
Graining soap, [30].
Grease, [21].
Grease, Bleaching, [21].
Grinding soap, [34].
H
Hand Paste, [93].
Hard water, [29].
Hardened oils in toilet soap, Use of, [96].
Hydrocarbon oils, [2].
Hydrogenating oils, [19].
Hydrolysis of fats and oils, [17].
Hydrolytic dissociation of soap, [1].
Hydrometers, [25].
I
Indicators, Action, [135]-6.
Insoluble impurities in fatty oils, Determination of (standard method) [172].
Note on method [187].
Insoluble matter in soap, determination of, [143].
International committee on glycerine analysis, [150].
Iodine manufacturing oil, [191].
Iodine member Wijs method, Standard, [177]-181. Note on method, [191].
Iodine soap, [78].
J
Joslin, ref., [113].
K
"Killing" change, [36].
Koettstorfer number (Standard method), [181]-182.
Kontakt reagent, [117].
Krebitz Process, [123].
Krutolin, [96].
L
Leiste & Stiepel method for rosin in soap, [146].
Liebermann, Storch reaction, [144].
Light powders, [60].
Laundry soap, [48].
LeBlanc Process, [28].
Lewkowitsch, ref., [17], [146].
Lime saponification, [118].
Lime, Use in Krebitz Process, [123].
Lime, Use in treatment of glycerine water, [116].
Liquid medicinal soaps, [79].
Liquid soaps, [94].
Lyes, Spent, [37].
M
Magnesia, Use in autoclave saponification, [120].
Manganese sulfate, Use of as catalyzer in fermentative cleavage of fats, [122].
Marine soaps, [39].
Medicinal soaps, [76].
Medicinal soaps, Less important, [78].
Medicinal soaps, Therapeutic value of, [76].
Melting point of fat or oil, Standard method, [193].
Mercury soaps, [78].
Metallic soaps, [1].
Methyl orange, indicator, [136].
Meyerheim, ref., [21].
Mill soap, [32].
Moisture in soap, Determination of, [138], [130].
Moisture and volatile matter in fats and oils, Standard method for detm. of, [170].
Note on method, [184]-185.
Mottle in soap, [81].
Mug shaving soap, [90].
N
Naphtha, Incorporation in soap, [49].
Naphthenic acids, [24].
Nigre, [36].
Normal acids, Equivalent in alkalis, [136].
O
Oils and fats, [1].
Oils and fats, Chemical constants, [18].
Oils and fats, Distinction, [1].
Oils and fats, Preserving, [18].
Oils and fat, Nature of used in soap manufacture, [2].
Oils and fats, Rancidity of, [16].
Oil hardening, [19].
Oleic acid, [15], [19].
Olein, [2], [19].
Olive oil, [14].
Olive oil foots, [14].
Organoleptic methods, [127].
P
Palmatin, [2].
Palm kernel oil, [8].
Palmitic acid, [2].
Palm oil, [8].
Palm oil, air bleaching, [12].
Palm oil, Chrome bleaching of, [9].
Palm oil soap, [66].
Pearl ash, [29].
Perfuming and coloring toilet soaps, [73].
Peroxide soap, [78].
Petroff reagent, [117].
Pfeilring reagent, [117].
Phenol, [77].
Phenolphthalein, indicator, [38].
Phenolphthalein, Using as indicator, [51].
Phenols, Soaps containing, [77].
Pinic acid, [22].
Plodder, [33].
Potash from wood ash, [27].
Potassium carbonate, [29].
Powders, Light, [60].
Powders, Scouring, [61].
Powders, Shaving, [90].
Powders, Soap, [56].
Precipitation test for treated spent lyes, [110].
Prevention of rancidity, [18].
Pumice or sand soaps, [93].
Purple shade in soap, [75].
R
Rancidity of oils and fats, [16].
Rancidity, Prevention, [18].
Recovery of glycerine from spent lye, [106].
Red oil, [15].
Red oil, Saponified, [15].
Resin acids, Total fatty and, Determination of in soap, [144].
Ribot, ref., [20].
Rosin, [22].
Rosin, Determination of in soap, [144].
Rosin saponification, [23].
Run and glued up soaps, [69].
Run soaps, [39].
S
Sal soda, [29].
Salt, [30].
Salting out, [30].
Salt "pickle," [37].
Sampling crude glycerine, [162].
Sampling for standard method, [166]. Note on, [184].
Sampling oils and fats, [128].
Sampling soap, [137].
Saponification by ferments, [121].
Saponification, Acid, [120].
Saponification, Aqueous, [121].
Saponification, Autoclave, [118].
Saponification, Carbonate, [45].
Saponification defined, [2], [105].
Saponification, Lime, [118].
Saponification number, [181]-182.
Saponification, Rosin, [23].
Saponification, Various methods, [105].
Scouring and fulling soaps for wool, [98].
Scouring powders, [61].
Scouring soap, [61].
Semi-boiled laundry soaps, [49].
Semi-boiled process, [44].
Shaving cream, [90].
Shaving powder, [90].
Shaving soaps, [87].
Silica and silicates, Determination of in soap, [148].
Silk dyeing, [102].
Silk industry, Soaps used in, [101].
Slabber, [32].
Smith method for moisture in soap, [138].
Soap analysis, [137].
Soap, Automobile, [41].
Soap, Carbolic, [71].
Soap, Castile, [79].
Soap, Chip, [54].
Soap Chip, cold made, [55].
Soap, Chip, unfilled, [56].
Soap, Cold cream, [78].
Soap, Coloring, [75].
Soap containing phenols, [77].
Soap, Curd, [71].
Soap, Defined, [1].
Soap, Determination insoluble matter, [143].
Soap, Determining glycerine in, [149].
Soap, Eschweger, [81].
Soap, Floating, [62].
Soap, Formaldehyde, [78].
Soap for wool, Scouring and fulling, [98].
Soap, Full boiled, [35].
Soap, Iodine, [78].
Soap kettle, [31].
Soap, Laundry, [48].
Soap, Liquid, [94].
Soap lye crude glycerine, [113].
Soap, Marine, [39].
Soap, Medicinal, [76].
Soap, Medicinal, less important, [78].
Soap, Mercury, [78].
Soap, Metallic, [1].
Soap, Peroxide, [78].
Soap powders, [56].
Soap, Pumice or sand, [93].
Soap, Rosin settled, [50].
Soap, Run and glued up, [69].
Soap, Scouring, [61].
Soap, Semi-boiled laundry, [49].
Soap, Shaving, [87].
Soap, Sulphur, [77].
Soap, Tannin, [78].
Soap, Tar, [77].
Soap, Test for color of, [133].
Soap, Textile, [98].
Soap, Toilet, [65].
Soap, Toilet cheaper, [68].
Soap, Toilet, cold made, [72].
Soap, Toilet perfuming and coloring, [73].
Soap, Transparent, [82].
Soap, Transparent, cold made, [84].
Soap used for cotton goods, [103].
Soap used in the silk industry, [101].
Soap, Witch hazel, [78].
Soap, Wool thrower's, [100].
Soap, Worsted finishing, [101].
Soda ash, [28].
Sodium carbonate, [28].
Sodium perborate, Use of in soap powders, [57].
Soft soaps, [40].
Soluble mineral matter detm. of in fats and oils, [173].
Note on method, [187]-188.
Solvay process, [28].
Soya bean oil, [14].
Spent lye, Recovery of glycerine from, [106].
Spent lyes, [37].
Spent lyes, Treatment of for glycerine recovery, [107].
Splitting fats with ferments, [121].
Standard methods of analysis for fats and oils, [165]-196.
Starch and gelatine, Determination in soap, [143].
Stearic acid, [15], [19].
Stearin, [2], [19].
Strengthening change, [36].
Strengthening lyes, [38].
Strunz crutcher, [63].
Sugar in soap, Determination of, [150].
Sugar, Use in transparent soap, [83].
Sulfate of alumina, Use of in spent lyes, [108].
Sulphonated oils, [104].
Sulphur soaps, [77].
Sweating of soap, [62].
Sweet water, [119].
Sylvic acid, [22].
T
Talgol, [96].
Tallow, [4].
Tallow, Fullers' earth bleaching of, [4].
Tallow, Improving color by extraction of free fatty acid, [6].
Tannin soap, [78].
Tar soap, [77].
Test for color of soap, [133].
Testing of alkalis used in soap making, [134].
Textile soaps, [98].
Titer, [130].
Tank cars, Sampling, [166].
Tierces, Sampling, [168].
Titer, Standard method, [175].
Titer, Note on, [189].
Tung oil, Note one iodine, number of, [180].
Toilet soap, [65].
Toilet soaps, Cheaper, [68].
Toilet soap, Use of hardened oils in, [96].
Total alkali, Determination of in soap, [147].
Total fatty and resin acids, Determination of in soap, [144].
Train oils, [20].
Transparent soap, [82].
Transparent soap, Cold made, [84].
Troweling soap, [52].
Tsujimoto, ref., [20].
Tubes for transparent soap, [85].
Turkey red oil, [104].
Twaddle scale, [25].
Twitchell method for rosin, [145].
Twitchell process, [113].
Twitchell process, Advantages, [113].
U
Unsaponifiable matter, Determination of in oils and fats, [132].
Unsaponifiable matter, Determination of in soap, [148].
Unsaponifiable matter, determination of by standard method, [176].
V
Vacuum Oven, Standard, [176].
Vegetable oils, [6].
W
Water, [29].
Water, Hard, [29].
Witch hazel soap, [78].
Wool thrower's soap, [100].
Worsted finishing soaps, [101].
Z
Zinc oxide, Use of in autoclave saponification, [120].
Zinc oxide, Use of in soap, [33].

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