The Origin and Growth of the Healing Art / A Popular History of Medicine in All Ages and Countries

by Edward Berdoe

INDEX.

• A.
• Abaris cured diseases by incantation, [203].
• Abdominal surgery, [112], [197], [272], [296], [316], [361].
• — surgery of Hindus, [113].
• Abella (about 1059), [313].
• Abercrombie, John (1780-1844), [454].
• Abernethy, J. (1764-1831), [459].
• Abipones, birth customs of, [52], [53].
• Aborigines of Australia, their knowledge of medicine, [34].
• — of South America, [35].
• Abortion in Greece and Rome, [203].
• Abracadabra, [263].
• Abraxas, [263].
• Abyssinians, the, [249].
• Acacias, [35].
• Accad, priests of, [27].
• Accadian mythology, [15], [86].
• Accadians, the, [86].
• Achillini, A. (1463-1512), [337].
• Aconite eaten by horses, [4].
• Actual cautery, [183], [246].
• Actuarius, John (c. 1283), [323].
• Acupuncture invented by Chinese, [130].
• Acute and chronic diseases first distinguished, [212].
• Adamantius of Alexandria, [236].
• Addenbrooke, J. (died 1719), [431].
• Addison, T. (1793-1860), [454].
• Ægidius Corbolensis, [314].
• Ælfred, King, his services to medicine, [274], [275].
• Æneas Sylvius, [336].
• Æschryon (pharmacist), [209].
• Æsculapius, [147], [148], [153].
• Ætiology, [350].
• Ætius (6th cent.), [237].
• Affinity, doctrine of, [423], [449].
• Afflacius, [311].
• African disease theories, [22].
• Agamede, a lady doctor, [155].
• Agate, [257].
• Agathinus of Sparta (1st cent. A.D.), [228].
• Agni, [9].
• Agricola, George (1494-1555), [351].
• Agrippa, Cornelius (1486-1536), [337], [347].
• Ague, [252].
• Ahriman, [141], [142], [143].
• Alaska, treatment of headache by natives of, [17].
• Albertus Magnus (1193-1280), [321].
• Albucasis (d. 1106), [243], [296].
• Alchemy, [301], [350].
• — of the Egyptians, [71].
• Alcohol used everywhere, [46].
• Alcuin, [300].
• Aldabaran, [83].
• Aldrovandi, [346].
• Alexander of Tralles, [234].
• Alexander Severus first established medical lectureships in Rome, [209].
• Alexandria, her famous school, [194].
• — Jews in, [83].
• Alexandrian library, [287].
• — philosophy, [83].
• Alexis, diviners of North America, [26].
• Algonquins, [32].
• Ali Abbas, [296].
• Aliptæ, [44], [171].
• Alkinani, [289].
• Alkins, Henry (born 1558), [363].
• All, the, [450].
• Allopathy, [447].
• Almamon, [289].
• Aloes, [275].
• Alphanus Secundus (c. 1050), [310].
• Althaus, J., [458].
• Alum, [486].
• Amaurosis, [211].
• Amazon, aborigines of the, their medicine men, [26].
• — — their intoxicating drink, [48].
• Ambre or Embre, an Egyptian medical book, [58].
• America, discovery of, [345].
• American medical education, [435], [436].
• Ammon, [150].
• Ammonia, [487].
• Ammoniacum, [275].
• Ammonius of Alexandria (B.C. 283-247), [198].
• Amputations, [42], [70], [216].
• — in Egyptian surgery, [70].
• Amulets, [23], [31], [48], [129], [247]-265, [327], [398], [404].
• — of the Jews, [75].
• Amussat, [458].
• Anæsthesia, how anciently produced, [310].
• Anæsthetics, [449], [464]-466, [480].
• Anathemata, [157].
• Anatomy, [105], [175], [231], [326], [336], [364], [365], [381], [390], [391], [436].
• — of ancient Egyptians, [64].
• — at Alexandria, [195].
• — in England, [461].
• — at Oxford, [381].
• — in Rome, [209], [215].
• — at Salerno, [313].
• — well understood by Hippocrates, [174].
• — human, its revival in Europe, [325], [326], [351], [365].
• — comparative, [375].
• — and physiology have made no progress in China, [128].
• Anaxagoras (born about 499 B.C.), [159].
• Anaximander (born 610 B.C.), [159].
• Anaximenes, [159].
• Ancestor-worship in connection with disease, [22], [23].
• Ancient Medicine, treatise by Hippocrates, [175].
• Andreæ, J. V. (1586-1654), [370].
• Andromachus, [221].
• Andry, N. (c. 1701), [471].
• Anel (1741-1801), [433].
• Anel, D. (1679-1730), [432].
• Aneurism, [235], [389], [432], [434].
• Angakoks, priest-physicians of the Inoits, [30].
• Angelic presidents of medicine, [84].
• Anger of gods as the cause of disease, [270].
• — of demons a cause of disease, [12], [86].
• Anglicanus, Gilbertus, [337].
• Anglo-Saxon medicine, [273].
• Animals and toxicology, [4], [35].
• — experiments on, [216], [217], [378], [379], [436].
• — their medicine and surgery, [3].
• Animism, [7], [8], [24].
• Anthropology, [450].
• Antidotes, [416].
• — for poisons, experiments with, [201].
• Antidotarium, [313], [363].
• Anti-fat, [285].
• Antilles Indians, their exorcism of diseases, [29].
• Antimony, [487].
• Antioquia, Indians of, poisoners of wells, [35].
• Antiseptic surgery, [477].
• — treatment, [177].
• Antonius Musa, [213].
• Antyllus (c. [300] A.D.), 235.
• Anubis, Egyptian god, [60].
• Apaches consider drunkenness a religious duty, [48].
• Apis, Egyptian god, [59], [60].
• Apollo the healer, [147], [169].
• Apollonius of Tyana, [224].
• Apoplexy, Hippocrates on, [182].
• — exorcised by rice, [16].
• Apothecaries, laws relating to, [317].
• Aquinas, Thomas (1225-1274), [321].
• Arabian medicine, [288], [291], [311].
• Aranzi, J. C. (1530-1589), [367].
• Arawaks of Surinam, their birth customs, [50].
• Arbuthnot, J. (1658-1735), [451].
• Archagathus (B.C. 219), first regular practitioner in Rome, [208].
• Archeus, [380].
• Archiatri, the, [206], [210], [236].
• Archigenes of Apamœa (circ. A.D. [98]-117), [228].
• Archimatthæus, [311].
• Aretæus of Cappadocia (1st cent.), [228].
• Aristotle (born B.C. 334), [192], [384], [421].
• Armstrong, G., [439].
• Arneman, J. (1763-1807), [435].
• Arnica, [350].
• Arnold of Villa Nova (1235-1312), [326].
• Arnot, N., [478].
• Arrack, “the Christian deity,” [47].
• “Arrows” as warrants to disease-spirits in China, [127].
• Arrow-poison of Indians, [35].
• Arsenic, [488].
• Artemis, goddess of health, [149].
• Arteries, ligation of, [217], [232], [245], [368].
• — twisting of bleeding, [224], [237], [368].
• Aryans, the, [96].
• Asclepiades of Prusa (1st cent. B.C.), [212].
• — schools of the, [168], [170].
• Asclepiadists, [213].
• Asclepiads, the, [157], [168].
• Ashwins, physicians of the Hindu gods, [100].
• Asoka established hospitals in India, [117].
• — royal patron of medicine, [111].
• Assellius, C. (1581-1626), [390].
• Assyrians, their medicine, [86], [92].
• Asthma, remedies for, [37].
• Astigmatism, [463].
• Astringents, [43].
• Astrology in medicine, [129], [139], [319], [334], [335], [351].
• Astruc, J. (1684-1766), [429].
• Athenæus of Cilicia (c. A.D. 69), [227].
• Athens, plague of, [25].
• Athletes rubbed with oil, [44].
• Atomic philosophy, [164].
• — theory, [159], [449].
• Atoms, doctrine of the, [98].
• Auenbrugger, L. (1722-1809), [453].
• Auscultation, [170], [177], [453].
• Australia, aborigines of, their superstitions, [17], [21], [23].
• Australian tribes, their medical practice, [33].
• Australian-Tasmanian district, [12].
• Autmoins, diviners of North America, [26].
• Automatism, [379].
• Ava, drink made from, [49].
• Avenzoar (12th cent.), [297].
• Averroes (born A.D. 1126), [297].
• Avicenna (born A.D. 980), [296].
• Ayur Veda, the, Hindu medical classic, [98], [99], [102].
• Aztecs, hospitals of the, [239].
• B.
• Baas, J. H., [466].
• Babhata on Hindu medicine, [114].
• Babylon, captivity of Jews in, [81].
• Babylonian religion, [27].
• Babylonians, their medicine, [86].
• Bacchic orgies, [32], [150].
• Bacchus, [150].
• Backtischwah, [290], [291].
• Bacon, Francis (1561-1626), [377].
• Bacon, Roger (1214-1298), [322].
• Bacteria, [472], [473].
• Bacteriologists, [480].
• Bacteriology anticipated by Empedocles, [161].
• Badaga folk, their treatment of pregnant women, [52].
• — their insurance against disease, [29].
• Baer, [481].
• Bafiotes of South Guinea, their surgery, [45].
• Baghdad, medical schools of, [291].
• Baillie, M. (1761-1823), [454].
• Baillou, G. (1536-1614), [363].
• Bandages, waxed, [178].
• Bandaging of mummies, [57].
• Banishing disease-demons, [15], [86].
• Bannister, John, [363].
• Barbers and surgery, [317], [434], [435].
• — and surgeons, their fellowship, [329], [354].
• Barth, J. (1745-1818), [463].
• Bartholin, T. (1619-1680), [376], [390].
• Bartholomæus, [314].
• Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, [359].
• — Hospital medical school, [459].
• Baschkirs expel devils of disease, [138].
• Bassi, [473].
• Bastian, H. C. (b. 1837), [458], [472].
• Basutos, their theory of diseases, [22].
• Baths, [400].
• Bayle, G. L. (1774-1816), [453].
• Bayle, P. (1647-1706), [380].
• Beale, L. S. (b. 1828), [480].
• Beans sacred to Pythagoreans, [164].
• Beclard, J. (1818-1887), [458].
• Beelzebub, god of medicine, [85].
• — cast out by Beelzebub, [29].
• Beer of the Himalayas, [48].
• Beer, G. J. (1663-1821), [463].
• Beetle, an emblem, [250].
• Behaviour of doctors, [312].
• Bell, B. (1763-1820), [459].
• Belladonna eaten by birds and herbivora, [4].
• Bellini, [420].
• Bells, church, medicine drunk out of, [278].
• Benares, a seat of Buddhist medicine, [111].
• Benedict, St., [300], [308].
• Benivieni, A. (c. 1500), [352].
• Bennett, J. H. (1812-1875), [454].
• Bentley, Prof., on new American remedies, [37].
• Berberine, [37], [38].
• Berenger of Carpi (died 1527), [361].
• Bernard, C. (1813-1878), [456].
• Bernard the Provincial, [315].
• Bernouelli, J. and D., [420].
• Bert, P. (1833-1886), [457], [474].
• Bertharius (about 856), [310].
• Berthollet, [448].
• Bertrandi (1723-1797), [433].
• Berzelius (1779-1848), [449].
• Bethesda, pool of, [400].
• Bezoar stone, [257].
• Bible and demoniacal theory of epilepsy, [16], [79].
• — diseases of, [79], [432].
• — its superiority to other sacred books, [74].
• Bichat, M. F. X. de (1771-1802), [429], [446].
• Bile as the cause of sickness first suggested, [160].
• Bint-resh, the princess, cured by the god Khonsu, [65].
• Bird-surgery, [3].
• Birds as evil spirits, [17].
• — fond of toddy, [49].
• Birth customs of the Caribs, [51].
• — Arawaks, [52].
• — Land Dyaks, [52].
• — Abipones, [52].
• — Basques, [52].
• — Corsicans, [52].
• — Chinese, [52].
• — Iroquois, [53].
• — Badaga folk, [53].
• — Romans, [54].
• Bismuth, [487].
• Black death, the, [329].
• — magic, [66], [410].
• Blackmore, R. (1650-1729), [425].
• Blaes, G. (died 1662), [390].
• Blane, G. (b. 1747), [426].
• Bleeding, [82], [134], [156], [217], [274], [280], [285].
• — practised by savages, [33].
• — arrest of, by savages, [40], [42].
• Blizzard, W. (1743-1835), [459].
• “Blood-bread” in consumption, [131].
• Blood as food for invalids, [35], [396].
• — circulation of the, [385], [389].
• — in medicine, [396].
• — pressure, [420].
• — purifiers used by negroes, [38].
• Bloodless amputations invented by Chrysippus, [195].
• Blue cohosh plant, [37].
• Blumenbach, J. F. (1752-1840), [450].
• Bodo folk of India, their disease-demons, [22].
• Boerhaave (1668-1738), [422], [423], [426].
• Bonnet, [472].
• Book of the Dead, [58], [60].
• Bora initiations of Australia, [43].
• Borax, [486].
• Borde, Andrew (c. 1532), [358].
• Borden, T. de (1722-1776), [430].
• Borelli, G. A. (1608-1679), [381], [420].
• Borneo, birth customs in, [52].
• Botanic gardens established, [201].
• Botany, [297], [336], [351], [363], [426], [427], [438].
• Boulimia, a species of hunger, [197].
• Bowls for medicine, [95].
• Box-bark poultices, [33].
• Boyer, A. (1757-1833), [461].
• Boyl-Ya, [17].
• Boyle, Robert (1626-1691), [378], [379], [381], [419].
• Brahmanism, [110].
• Brahmans forbidden by Menu to become doctors, [101].
• — their knowledge of medicine, [101].
• Braid, J., [457].
• Brain, anatomy of, [365], [391].
• — diseases, [228].
• — surgery, [112], [177], [206], [456].
• — — of the Society Islanders, [43].
• Branca, [368].
• Brandy in medicine, [326].
• Briggs, W. (died 1704), [438].
• Bright, R. (1789-1858), [454].
• British Medical Journal, [467].
• Britomartis, [150].
• Brittan, [474].
• Broca, P. (1824-1880), [458].
• Brodie, B. (1783-1862), [459].
• Bromfield, W. (1717-1792), [435].
• Bromine, [487].
• Bronchitis, remedies for, [34], [37], [49].
• Bronchocele, [316].
• Bronchotomy, [364].
• — invented by Asclepiades, [213].
• Broth of human flesh, a Chinese remedy, [131].
• Broussais, F. J. W. (1772-1838), [446].
• Brown, J. (1735-1788), [427].
• Browne, Sir Thomas (1605-1682), [391].
• Brown-Sequard (b. 1817), [456].
• Browning’s Poem, “Saul,” [78].
• Bruner, J. C. (1653-1727), [437].
• Brunhilda, a doctress, [272].
• Bruno, Giordano (1548-1600), [346], [351].
• Brunonian theory, [427].
• Bucknill, J. C. (b. 1817), [457].
• Budd, [474].
• Buddhism, [102], [109].
• — had a gospel for all creatures, [110].
• Buffon (1707-1788), [439], [448].
• Buhitos of Hispaniola, [26].
• Bulleyn, William (died 1576), [363].
• Burial customs of Lower Congo, [24].
• — of disease-demons, [15], [139].
• Burking, [461].
• Burma, disease-demons of, [21].
• Burns, J. (1775-1850), [459].
• Burrows, [476].
• Butts, William (died 1545), [359].
• Byzantine medicine, [243].
• C.
• Cabalism, [84], [337].
• Cabbage, [162].
• Cactus juice an intoxicant, [48].
• Cæsalpinus, A. (1519-1603), [351], [385].
• Cæsarean operation in Central Africa, [45].
• — in Europe, [361], [362].
• Caius, John (1510-1573), [360].
• Cajeput tree, [34].
• Calculi, [177].
• Calenda, [313].
• Caliphs, their services to science, [288].
• Callisen (1740-1824), [433].
• Calumba root, [37].
• Cambodians, their exorcism of small-pox, [30].
• Cambridge University, [340].
• Camomile, [285].
• Camper (1722-1789), [435].
• Cancer, [182], [183].
• Canopic jars of Egypt, [63].
• Capillary vessels, discovery of, [386], [389].
• Carbonic acid, [380].
• Cardan (1501-1576), [351].
• Carib races, their use of cascarilla, [49].
• Carmina (magic songs), [207].
• Carpenter, W. B., [481].
• Carter, R. B., [463].
• Cascarilla, its introduction into medicine, [49].
• Casdim and Mecasphim, [91], [92].
• Cases, collections of interesting, [327].
• Cassava bread, [36].
• Casserius (1561-1616), [364].
• Cassius Felix (1st cent.), [228].
• Cassorius, [390].
• Castor oil, its action on savages, [37].
• Castration, [77], [169].
• Cat, Le (1700-1768), [432].
• Catalepsy, [390].
• Catamenial women possessed by demons, [143].
• — superstitions concerning, [54], [78].
• Cataract, [211], [235], [297], [314].
• Catheter invented, [197], [245], [297].
• Cato as a family doctor, [207].
• Cato’s hatred of doctors, [207].
• Cats, their use of medicines, [3].
• Caul of a child, [273].
• — fat, superstitions concerning, [17].
• Caulophyllin, [37].
• Cauterising instruments, [245].
• Cavendish, [448].
• Caxiri, a drink of the Brazilian Indians, [48].
• Celery, [285].
• Cellular pathology, [455].
• Celsus, A. C. (B.C. [50]-A.D. 7), [215].
• Ceylon, medicine in, [107].
• Chadwick, E., [478].
• Chaldæan doctors of three classes, [90].
• Chaldæans, their medicine, [86].
• Chamberlen, H. (1664-1728), [435].
• Chambre, Dr., [358].
• Characts as amulets, [262], [263], [327].
• Charaka, the Hindu Hippocrates, [100], [103], [289].
• Charas, M. (1618-1698), [394].
• Charcot, J. M. (b. 1825), [456], [482].
• Charlemagne, patron of medical education, [310].
• Charles the First, his miraculous blood, [373].
• Charlton, W. (1619-1707), [438].
• Charms, [23], [27], [86], [129], [133], [247]-265, [327], [334], [398], [404].
• — largely used in Chinese practice, [129].
• — swallowed as medicine, [134].
• Chassaignac, [458].
• Chaucer on domestic medicine, [328].
• Cheiron, the centaur who instructed Æsculapius, [147], [148].
• Chelius, Von (1794-1876), [462].
• Chemistry, [301], [302], [336], [350], [368], [419].
• — of Egyptians, [71].
• — originated at Baghdad, [291], [293].
• Cheselden, W. (1688-1752), [433].
• Chevreuil, [472].
• Cheyne, [420].
• “Cheyne-Stokes respiration,” [454].
• Child-bed described by St. Augustine, [54].
• Children’s hospitals, [439].
• Chinese medicine, [125].
• Chloroform, [464]-466
• Christianity, influence of, on medicine, [237].
• “Christian science healing,” [406].
• Christison, Robert (1797-1882), [454].
• Chronos, Egyptian god, [59].
• Chrysippus (lived [4]th cent. B.C.), [194].
• Chthonic orgies, [32].
• Chyliferous vessels, [390].
• Cicuta (the poison), [220].
• Cinchona bark, [38], [342], [382].
• Circulation of the blood, [202], [236], [237], [325], [351], [361], [364], [365], [378].
• Circumcision, its origin, [76].
• — practised by many races, [76], [77], [342].
• Clark, Andrew (b. 1826), [455], [484], [485].
• Cleopatra, a specialist in women’s diseases, [201].
• Climacteric years, a Chaldæan doctrine, [163].
• Clinical instruction in ancient Rome, [209], [368].
• — medicine, [312], [384].
• — thermometry, [431].
• Clive and vaccination, [440].
• Cloacina, [206].
• Club-foot, treatment of, by Hippocrates, [178].
• — tenotomy in, [462].
• Clysters in Egyptian medicine, [67], [156].
• Cnidian sentences, [170].
• Cnidos, school of, [170].
• Coan prognostics, [170].
• Cod-liver oil, [454].
• Cœlius Aurelianus, [219].
• Cohn, [473].
• Coiter, V. (1534-1600), [364].
• Colchicum used for gout, [218].
• Cold-water dressings, [433].
• — treatment of fever, [439].
• Cole, [420].
• Colic, curious remedy for, [251], [254].
• College of Health in Rome (154 B.C.), [206].
• Collége de Saint Côme, [323].
• Colles, A. (1773-1843), [459].
• Collins, S. (d. 1710), [393].
• Colour-blindness, [449].
• Colours in diseases, [251], [257], [258], [327].
• Columbus (d. 1559), [367], [385].
• Comma-bacillus, [474].
• Comparative anatomy, [192], [391].
• Compass, [294].
• Condensed milk invented, [220].
• Confucianism the chief religion of the Chinese, [126].
• Congo tribes, their theories of disease, [22], [30].
• Conjuring amongst savages, [26].
• Conolly, J. (1796-1866), [457].
• Conrad, Cardinal, [305].
• Conservative surgery, [434], [464].
• Constantine the Carthaginian, [310], [311].
• “Constitutional irritation,” theory of, [459].
• Consultations in ancient Rome, [211].
• Consumption, contagiousness of, [363].
• — treated with blood-bread, [131].
• Contagion, living, [473].
• Convalescent homes of ancient Rome, [240].
• Convulsions, [184].
• Coomboorah, good spirit of Australians, [24].
• Cooper, Astley (1768-1841), [459].
• Copaiba, [38].
• Copho (12th cent.), [313], [314].
• Copland, Robert (c. 1547), [359].
• Copper, [487].
• Coral as a charm, [410].
• — islanders, sorcery of, [23].
• Cordova famous for learning, [292], [293].
• Cordus, E. (1486-1535), [352].
• Cordus, V. (1515-1544), [352], [363].
• Corpuscles of the blind discovered, [389].
• Corsicans and the couvade, [52].
• Corumba wizards, [29].
• Corvisart, J. N. (1755-1821), [453].
• Corybantes, the, [85].
• Cos, school of, [170], [172].
• Cosmas and Damian, SS., [234], [323].
• Cosmo de Medici, [373].
• “Couching” for cataract, [211].
• Council of Tours (A.D. 1163) degraded surgery, [305].
• Couvade, the, described, [50].
• Cow-dung as a remedy, [285].
• — -pox, [439].
• — -religion of the Toda tribe, [48].
• Cowper, W. (1666-1709), [437].
• Cramp-rings, [371].
• “Critical days,” [106], [202].
• Crocodile’s dung used in medicine, [201], [211].
• — incantation against, [65].
• Croome, W. (d. 1684), [393].
• Croonian lectures, [393].
• Crotona, school of, [161].
• Croup, remedies for, [37], [363], [369].
• Cruikshank, W. (1745-1800), [436].
• Crystals, healing by, [33].
• Ctesias of Cnidus, [171].
• Cullen, W. (1710-1790), [426].
• Culpeper (c. 1653), [396].
• Cupping, [45], [156], [246].
• Currie, J. (1756-1805), [439].
• Cuvier, [421].
• Cyclamen, [251].
• Cyon, E. (b. 1843), [457].
• Cyrene, school of, [170].
• Czermak, [459].
• D.
• Dacotas, their theories of disease-demons, [22].
• Daêvas, the causes of disease amongst Parsees, [143].
• Dalton (1776-1844), [449].
• Dancing mania, [331], [339].
• Danish witchcraft, [18].
• Darling river, medicine on the, [27], [35].
• Darwin, Charles (1809-1882), [451].
• Darwin, Erasmus (1701-1802), [428].
• Darwinism in Hindu philosophy, [98].
• Dasyus, [96].
• Davaine, [473].
• David exorcised Saul by incantations, [78].
• Da Vinci, Leonardo (1452-1519), [336].
• Davy (1788-1829), [449], [464].
• Dead, the genii of, in Egypt, [63].
• — offence to the, as cause of disease, [20], [21].
• Death, superstitions connected with, [413].
• — fiends, [144].
• Decussation of optic nerves discovered, [209].
• De Dondis, Jacob (1298-1359), [326].
• Deities of Chinese medicine and surgery, [128].
• Demetrius of Apamœa (B.C. 276), [198].
• Democedes (6th cent. B.C.), [81], [164].
• Democritus of Abdera (5th cent. B.C.), [164].
• Demoniacal possession in Western Africa, [14].
• Demoniacs and lunatics, [16].
• Demonology precedes theology, [24].
• Demon-theory of disease in China, [126], [127], [129].
• Demons of disease, [10], [66], [77], [78], [86], [88], [89], [90], [99], [136], [143], [161], [327], [332], [346].
• Demonstrations of anatomy, [326], [390].
• Demosthenes Philalethes (c. A.D. 50), the oculist, [198], [211].
• Dengen, the gout demon, [14].
• Dental operations, [206], [217], [390].
• Dentistry, [299], [390].
• — of ancient Egyptians, [63].
• Derivation and revulsion, [176].
• Desault, P. J. (1744-1795). [433].
• Descartes (1596-1650), [377], [420].
• Desiderius (c. 1685), [310].
• Development from egg, [377].
• — understood by Pythagoras, [163].
• Devil brought up by emetics, [30].
• Dhanwantari, the Hindu Æsculapius, [104].
• Dhimal people of India, their theories of disease, [22].
• Diabetes first named and described, [198].
• Diagnosis, [228].
• — Egyptian, [68].
• Diana, goddess of health, [149].
• Diarrhœa, remedies for, [34].
• Dictionary, medical, [327].
• Dietetics, [176], [180], [181].
• Dieting the sick in Homer, [153].
• Digby, Sir Kenelm, [397].
• Digestion, [419].
• Diktynna, [150].
• Dill, [162].
• Dimsdale, J. (1711-1800), [439].
• Diocles Carystius, [189].
• Diogenes of Apollonia (460 B.C.), [160].
• Dionis, P. (died 1718), [390].
• Dionysus, [150], [151].
• — festivals of, [50], [150].
• — mysteries of, [32], [150].
• Dioscorides, his materia medica, [225].
• Diotima, the Athenian prophetess, [24].
• Discovery of causes, [165].
• Disease, a punishment for sin, [76], [87], [88], [89].
• — -demons, [29], [30], [86], [99].
• — — of Egypt, [64], [65].
• — dispelled by drumming, [17].
• — goddesses of the Romans, [206].
• — -making in the New Hebrides, [17].
• — personification of, [10].
• — -spirits, [10], [86], [89], [90], [129], [136], [327].
• — theory of, in Bible, [74].
• — theories of the Greeks, [166].
• — -winds, [90].
• Diseases as personages, [15], [139].
• — blown away, [29].
• — caused by offended dead, [20], [139].
• — — ghosts, [18], [31], [139].
• — the consequences of sin in previous states of existence, [100].
• — of the Bible, [79].
• — treated by magic, [26], [27], [86], [90], [351].
• Disgusting remedies, [131], [201], [211], [394]-397.
• Dislocations well treated by Hippocrates, [174].
• Dissection, [218], [219], [325], [326], [379], [390].
• — of the human body, [326], [361].
• — — practised in time of Hippocrates, [174].
• — — in India, [114], [115], [117].
• Dittany eaten by wounded goats, [3], [150].
• Diuretic medicines, [38].
• Divination and physic, [26], [269].
• — by teraphim, [75].
• Dobbo, evil spirits of the Watje, [28].
• Doctor, title of, [307].
• Dodart, [420].
• Dogmatic school, the, [187].
• Dog-rose, why so called, [225].
• Dogs, their use of natural medicines, [3].
• Domestic medicine of middle ages, [324].
• Donzellini, [420].
• Douglas, J. (1675-1742), [426].
• Drake, J. (1667-1707), [431].
• Dran, Le (1685-1770), [432].
• Dreams, the origin of belief in the soul and future life, [9].
• Druggists of ancient Rome, [221].
• Druids, medicine of the, [269].
• Drum of the ear first described, [236].
• Drums, use of, in scaring disease-demons, [17].
• Drunkenness as a religious duty, [48].
• Dualism in Accadian philosophy, [88].
• Dubois, Jacques (1478-1555), [364].
• Duchenne, G. B., [457].
• Dumas (1800-1884), [449], [464].
• Duncan, M., [465].
• Dung in medicine, [396].
• Dusch, Van, [472].
• Dyaks of Borneo, [12], [13], [14].
• Dyonisia, the, drunkenness at, [50].
• Dysentery, remedies for, [34], [131].
• Dyspepsia, remedies for, [37], [38].
• E.
• Eagle stone, [257].
• Ear, anatomy of, [361], [367].
• — bones of, [337].
• — diseases, [217].
• Earth, edible, [36], [37].
• Eastern Inoits, [6].
• Ebers papyrus, [58], [64], [67], [69], [71].
• Ebn Albiathar (died about 1197), [297].
• Ecclesiasticus probably written by a physician, [82].
• Eclectics, sect of the, [227].
• Edinburgh College of Physicians, [373].
• — Medical School, [425], [436].
• Education of physicians, [103], [105], [178], [179], [305], [317], [426].
• Edward the Confessor, St., [372].
• Egypt, its great antiquity, [57].
• Egyptian medicine, [57], [67], [68].
• Ehrenberg, [473].
• Eir, goddess of physicians, [272].
• Elder, the, [256].
• Electricity, [427], [449].
• — first used in medicine, [215].
• Electro-therapeutics, [457].
• Elementary bodies, [83].
• Elements as causes of disease, [16], [90].
• — in Ovid’s metamorphoses, [166].
• Elephantiasis, [228].
• — first described, [213].
• Elixir of life, [100], [396].
• Elliotson, J., [430].
• Embalmers of Egypt, [61], [63].
• Embryotomy, [294].
• Emetics, [43], [83], [156].
• Empedocles (born about 490 B.C.), physiologist and philosopher, [160].
• Empirics, school of the, [199].
• Empiric tripod, the, [199], [201].
• Empyema, how treated by Hippocrates, [182].
• Enchanters, [91], [108].
• Enemas used by Mongols, [135].
• Engineering and physiology, [421].
• Epidaurus, temple of Æsculapius at, [149].
• Epidemics, theory of, [29].
• — of middle ages, [329]-332.
• Epilepsy, [234].
• — and demoniacal possession, [181].
• — in the New Testament, [16].
• Epimenedes, [158].
• Epione (the Soother), [149].
• Episynthetics, sect of the, [227].
• Epsom salts, [438].
• Erasistratus of Iulis (about B.C. [340]-280), [196].
• Erasmus, [357].
• Erichsen, J. E. (b. 1818), [460].
• Erysipelas, [183].
• Esmarch, F. (b. 1823), [462].
• Esmun, Phœnician god, [151].
• Esquimaux, an intermediate type between past and present, [6].
• Essenes, Jewish sect of, [82].
• Esthonians, [9].
• Ether, [352].
• — as an anæsthetic, [464].
• Ethics, medical, [169].
• Etienne, Charles (1503-1564), [364].
• Etiology, [446].
• Etiquette of physicians, [106], [107], [169], [298], [329].
• Etruscans, their science, [205].
• Eucalyptus, a popular remedy of Australian tribes, [34], [36].
• Eudemus (B.C. 15), [214].
• Euphorbius, [213].
• Euryphon of Cnidos, [170].
• Eustachian tube, [367].
• Eustachius, [367].
• Evil eye, [16], [410], [411].
• Examinations instituted at Montpellier, [305], [384].
• Excitability, doctrine of, [427].
• Excitement, theory of, [446].
• Exorcising disease-demons, [15], [86], [87], [136], [144], [163], [327].
• Exorcisms, [10], [13], [20], [21], [64], [72], [86], [90], [135], [136], [139], [142], [327], [411], [412].
• Expectant treatment, [382], [424].
• Experimental medicine, [369].
• — physiology, [212], [378], [379], [436], [456], [457], [483]-485.
• Experiments, surgical, how practised by Hindus, [116].
• — their prerogatives, [322].
• Extension, surgical, [177].
• Eye, construction of the, [337].
• — diseases treated in Egypt with human brains, [69].
• — doctors satirised by Martial, [210].
• F.
• Fabricius (1557-1619), [364], [385].
• Facies Hippocratica, [181].
• Faith healing, its rationale, [320], [333], [481], [482].
• Fallopian tubes, [366].
• Fallopius, Gabriel (1523-1562), [366].
• Faraday, M. (1791-1867), [449].
• Farr, W., [478].
• Faye, Le, [433].
• Fees, [211], [323].
• — of Chinese doctors, [130].
• — the largest on record, [196].
• — of Welsh court physicians, [282].
• — — surgeons, [286].
• — of Parsee doctors, [144].
• Females, their marvellous influence, [53].
• Fennel, [285].
• Fermentation, [471], [473], [474].
• Fermented liquors, how discovered, [46].
• Fern (male), remedy for tape-worm, [36].
• Ferrier, D. (b. 1843), [457].
• Fetish worship, [249].
• Fetishism of the Malagasy, [23].
• Fever and stench goddesses, [206].
• — -demons, [31], [87], [97], [136], [137].
• — -puppets, [31].
• — spirit, the, [87], [89], [136].
• Fevers, treatment of, [383].
• — and ague, remedies for, [34], [43], [136], [137], [181], [342].
• Feverfew (the herb), [249].
• Fiends as the cause of insanity, [22].
• Fiend-sickness, [278].
• Final causes believed in by Galen, [230].
• Finnish mythology, [14].
• — theories of disease, [15].
• Finno-Tartarian magic, [125].
• Fire, [165].
• — -worship, [273].
• Fish capturing by poisons, [35].
• Fistula treated by the ligature, [177], [297].
• Flap operation, [229], [389].
• Flint instruments in surgery, [33], [43], [70].
• Flogging as a remedy, [139], [278].
• Flourens, P. (1794-1867), [456].
• Fludd, Robert (b. 1574), [368].
• Fœtus, anatomy of, [364], [367], [425].
• Fomentations, [42].
• Food remains in sorcery, [17].
• Forbes, J. (1787-1861), [467].
• Forceps, [244], [245].
• — in obstetric surgery, [435].
• Forensic medicine, [376], [454].
• Foster, M., [483], [484].
• Fothergill, J. (1712-1780), [436].
• Fourcroy, [448].
• Four doctors, the, [314].
• — masters, the, [314].
• Fractures, ancient treatment of, [178], [184], [216].
• France, anatomy in, [364].
• Franco, Pierre (c. 1560), [362].
• Frank, J. P., [429].
• Franklin, [450].
• Frascatorius (1483-1553), [363], [388].
• Frederic II., his services to medical education, [316], [317].
• Freemasonry, [370].
• Freind, J. (1675-1728), [432].
• Fuh-Hi, the deity of Chinese doctors, [127].
• Fuller, T. (d. 1734), [438].
• Fumitory and exorcism, [256].
• Funeral ceremonies, physicians not to be present at, [101].
• — offerings of the Egyptian fellahs, [72].
• — superstitions, [29], [72].
• Furnivall, Dr., on the medicine of the Tudor reigns, [359].
• G.
• Gaddesden, John of, [327].
• Galbanum, [275].
• Gale, Thomas (1507-1586), [354], [355], [363].
• Galen (b. A.D. 170), [229], [385].
• Gall, F. J. (1757-1828), [456].
• Gall-stones, [363].
• Galvani, [450].
• Ganglion, [183].
• Gariopontus (about 1056), [310].
• Gastroraphy in the time of the Vikings, [372].
• Gaunab, the Hottentot disease-demon, [16].
• Gay-Lussac, [449].
• Germ theory of disease, [432], [452], [471].
• Gesner, Conrad (1516-1565), [346], [351], [359], [362], [363].
• Geynes, Dr. (died 1563), [360].
• Ghosts as causing diseases, [23], [31], [139].
• Gilbert, William (died 1540), [361].
• Giliani, Alassandra, a lady anatomist, [326].
• Ginseng, [133].
• Gippsland, natives of, [23].
• Girdles, magic, [259].
• Glacial period of the Inoits, [6].
• Gladstone, Mr., on the origin of surgery, [41].
• Glands, anatomy of the, [390], [437].
• — of intestines discovered, [209].
• Glisson, Francis, [389].
• Gnosticism and amulets, [252].
• Goddard, J. (died 1674), [389].
• Gods, plants sacred to the, [46].
• Goethe, [452].
• Goitre, [459].
• Gold, [488].
• Gold Coast negroes trace diseases to ghosts, [13].
• Gooch, B., [433].
• Gordonius, [327].
• Goulston, Thomas (d. 1632), [380].
• Gout, [183], [280].
• Graaf, De, [339].
• Gräfe, Von, [459].
• Gradibus, M., de, [337].
• Graves, superstitions connected with, [413].
• Graves, R. J. (1797-1853), [454].
• Greatrakes, Valentine, [399].
• Gredring, J. E. (1718-1775), [439].
• Greek medicine, [147].
• Greeks indebted to Egypt for philosophy, [98].
• Gregory, J. (1758-1822), [426].
• Grew, N. (b. 1641), [438].
• Gross, S. (1805-1884), [462].
• Guaiacum, [38], [342], [375].
• Guanches of the stone and bone epoch, [6].
• Guglielmini, [420].
• Guinea, people of, attribute disease to enchantment, [29].
• Gunpowder, [294].
• Guthrie, G. (1785-1856), [460].
• Guy, [478].
• Guy de Chauliac (b. 1300), [330].
• Gwyddoniaid, the, Welsh men of knowledge, [280].
• Gymnasia, [171].
• Gynæcology, [219], [242], [243], [294], [313], [361], [429].
• H.
• Haeckel, Ernst (b. 1834), [452].
• Hæmorrhoids operated on by Hippocrates, [177], [183].
• Haen, De (1704-1776), [431].
• Haeser, H. (1811-1885), [466].
• Hahnemann (1755-1843), [446]-448.
• Hair, cuttings of, superstitions concerning, [17], [143].
• — dye of Egyptians, [71].
• — superstitions concerning, [16], [143], [408].
• Hales, S. (1677-1761), [436].
• Hall, M. (1790-1857), [457].
• Haller (1708-1777), [437].
• Hallucinations of vision first distinguished by Celsus, [217].
• Hamey, B., [389].
• Hantu disease-spirits, [12].
• Haoma, the king of healing-plants, [142].
• Hare-lip, ancient treatment of, [277], [297].
• Hart, Ernest (b. 1836), [467].
• Harvey, William (1578-1657), [377], [385]-388.
• Hastings, C. (1794-1866), [467].
• Havers, C. (d. 1702), [425].
• Hayti, poisoning in, [19].
• Hea, an Accadian deity, [88], [91], [92], [93], [95].
• Head, injuries to the, [184].
• Headache, remedies for, [34], [37], [89], [251].
• — cured by drum-beating, [17].
• Healing art a religion, [446].
• — craft of Australian tribes, [33].
• Heberden, W. (1710-1801), [439].
• Hebra (1816-1880), [455].
• Hebrews had no magic of their own, [75].
• Hecquet, [419].
• Hegel, G. W. F. (1770-1831), [451].
• Hegeton, [198].
• Heidenhain, R., [457].
• Heliodorus (c. A.D. 100), [228].
• Hellebore, [220].
• — first used by Melampus, [152].
• — its uses discovered by the goat, [3].
• Hells for Chinese physicians, [129].
• Helmholtz, H. L. (b. 1821), [463].
• Helmont, Van, [380], [419].
• Hemlock, [220].
• — eaten by goats, sheep, and horses, [4].
• Hemp intoxication, [310].
• Henbane eaten by sheep, cows, and pigs, [4].
• Henle, F. G. (1809-1815), [452], [473].
• Heracleitus of Ephesus (born about 556 B.C.), [159].
• Herbalists, [359], [369].
• Herb baths, [401].
• Hermes, god of medicine, [150].
• Hermes Trismegistus, [58], [60], [150].
• Hermetic books, the, [58], [61], [151], [337].
• Hernia, [192], [228], [316].
• Herniotomy, [362].
• Herodicus, [171], [172], [477].
• Herodotus on Egyptian medicine, [62].
• — found no doctors in Babylon and Assyria, [89], [90].
• — (Roman physician), [228].
• Herophilus of Chalcedon (about B.C. [335]-280), [195].
• Hesiod, [155].
• Highmore, N. (1613-1685), [390].
• Hildegard, St., famous physician, [307].
• Himly, C. (1772-1837), [463].
• Hinduism as a creed, [97].
• Hindus, antiquity of, [96].
• Hip-joint disease, [183].
• Hippocrates (b. 460 B.C.), [172].
• — first described trepanning, [44].
• — works of, [178].
• Hippopotamus fabled to have discovered the art of bleeding, [156].
• Hispaniola, divination and physic in, [26].
• Histories of Medicine, [432], [466], [467].
• Hobbes (1588-1679), [379].
• Hodgkin, T. (1797-1866), [454].
• Hoffmann, F. (1660-1742), [421], [422], [424], [472].
• Holy water, [272].
• — — in Babylonian sorcery, [87].
• — wells, [272], [401].
• Home, Sir E., [434].
• Homer, medicine of, [152].
• — on Egyptian medicines, [66].
• Homœopathy, [234], [446]-448.
• Honain (9th cent.), [295].
• Hooping-cough, [285].
• Horne, Van (1621-1670), [391].
• Horsley, V., [458].
• Horus, Egyptian divinity, [58], [60].
• Hospitals, their origin, [239], [240], [241], [294], [341].
• — in India, [120].
• — and medical schools of ancient Hindus, [117].
• — at Damascus, [294].
• Hottentots, disease-demon of the, [16].
• — practise inoculations, [45].
• Houel, N. (1520-1585), [375].
• Howard, John (1726-1790), [429].
• Howell, Dda (A.D. 930), his medical laws, [282].
• Huang-ti, an ancient Chinese writer on medicine, [126].
• Hudibras on the couvade, [52].
• Hufeland, C. W. von (1762-1836), [446].
• Hukeems, native doctors of India, [121], [123].
• Human flesh in Chinese medicine, [132].
• — sacrifices and anatomy, [271].
• — — commuted in circumcision, [77].
• Humanism, [337].
• Humboldt, [449].
• Humoral pathology, [189], [426].
• Hunter, J. (1728-1793), [433].
• Hunter, W. (1718-1783), [438].
• Husbands, treatment of, by Carib wives, [50].
• Hutchinson, J. (b. 1828), [460].
• Huxley, Thomas (b. 1825), [452].
• Hydatids of liver understood by Hippocrates, [182].
• Hydrocephalus, trephining for, [183].
• Hydrodynamics, [379].
• Hydrogen, [350].
• Hydrophobia, remedies for, [83].
• — superstitions, remedy for, [210].
• “Hydrostatic test,” [376].
• Hydro-therapeutics, [467].
• Hygeia, goddess of health, [149].
• Hygiene, [478].
• Hymns to cure disease, [88].
• Hypnotism, [457].
• I.
• Iatro-chemical school, [419].
• — -mathematical school, [419], [420].
• Iatrosophists, [236].
• Iberians, their birth customs, [52].
• Ibis believed to have invented clysters, [67].
• Ibn Ezra, [84].
• Iccus of Tarentum, [171].
• Ideas, the origin of, [9].
• Idiots divinely inspired, [22].
• Ignorant doctors of China have a special hell, [129].
• I Kuang Tāi Wông, the god of Chinese surgery, [127].
• Iliac passion, the, how treated, [214].
• Images of demons as talismans, [88].
• — of gods used to ward off disease-demons, [95].
• —, wax, etc., their use in sorcery, [17], [66], [405], [406].
• Imhotep, the Egyptian Æsculapius, [58].
• Immortality of the soul taught by Pythagoras, [163].
• Immunity, [457].
• Incantations against diseases, [15], [86], [87], [91], [108], [247].
• Income of Greek physicians, [203].
• — of Roman physicians, [211], [212].
• Incubatory sleep, [167].
• Indian Archipelago, disease spirits of, [12].
• — medicine and the Mahometans, [298].
• — tribes, their medicine and surgery, [41], [42].
• Indra taught mankind the healing art, [100].
• Inductive method in science, [322], [377].
• Inferior laryngeal nerve discovered, [209].
• Influenza, [352].
• Inhibitory nerves, [457].
• Injection of drugs into veins, [391].
• Inoculation for small-pox, [425], [439], [440].
• — — practised by Chinese and other nations from the earliest times, [45].
• Inoits, their magicians, [29].
• Insane persons worshipped as divine, [22].
• Insanity considered as divine, [21].
• — diagnosis of, [439].
• — treatment of, [363], [456], [467]-470.
• Insects, immortality of, [21].
• Inspection of drug-shops, [317].
• Instruments, surgical, [244], [433].
• — of Hindu surgery, [115], [116].
• Intoxicants, universal, [46].
• Intoxication and the godhead, [47].
• — rationale of, [49], [50].
• Inunction used by ancient Greeks, [44].
• Iodide of potassium, [487].
• Iodine, [487].
• Ionicus of Sardis, [225].
• Ipecacuanha, [342].
• Iris, contractility of the, [390].
• Iritis, [463].
• Iron, its first use in medicine, [151], [221], [486].
• Iroquois, child-bearing amongst the, [52].
• Irrigation of wounds, [237].
• Irritability, doctrine of, [422], [426].
• Ishak Ben Soleiman (830-940), [296].
• Isis and Osiris, [58], [59], [60].
• Italy, anatomy in, [365], [366].
• Itch-goddess, [206].
• — -mite, [429].
• J.
• Jackson, J. H., [458].
• Jacobus Psychristus, [236].
• Jacques, Frère (c. 1697), [393].
• Jains, the, [102].
• Jalap, [38].
• James, R. (1703-1776), [428].
• Japanese medicine, [139].
• Javanese believers in animism, [14].
• Jaw, fracture of, [184].
• Jenner, E. (1749-1823), [439].
• Jenner, William (b. 1815), [454].
• Jewish physicians at Salerno, [309], [310].
• — religion, its comparative purity, [73].
• Jews, the medicine of the, [73].
• — the magic-mongers of Rome, [84].
• — their “golden age,” [84].
• Jíwaka, Buddha’s physician, [111].
• John of Salisbury on doctors, [306].
• Jones, [458].
• Joyliffe, George (died 1658), [381].
• Julian (A.D. 140), [219].
• Jung-Stilling (1740-1817), [463].
• Jurin, [420].
• K.
• Kabeiri gods, [75], [85], [151].
• Kaffirs, theories of disease amongst, [28].
• Kalevala of the Finns, [15].
• — the, [408].
• Kalmucks, their exorcism of disease, [28].
• Karens of Burmah trace diseases to the rainbow, [13].
• Karma, [110].
• Kava intoxication, [49].
• Keill, [420].
• Keith, [465].
• Kern, Von (1769-1829), [462].
• Kerner, [476].
• Khonds of Orissa and the small-pox, [12], [13].
• — all get royally drunk, [48].
• Kidney, the, [389].
• — fat of a bewitched man, [17].
• King’s evil, [371].
• Kircher, A. (1598-1680), [471].
• Kirghis cure disease by sorcery, [139].
• Knots (magic) as cures for disease, [89].
• — as charms, [257].
• — in magic, [408], [409].
• Knox, [461].
• Koch, R. (b. 1843), [474], [480].
• Kolarians of Bengal, their cure for diseases, [48].
• Kombinegherry tribe of Australia, [24].
• Komil, an intoxicating drink, [48].
• Koran, [293].
• Kousso, remedy for tape-worm, [36].
• L.
• Lacteals, the, [390].
• Laënnec, R. T. H. (1781-1826), [453].
• Lama doctors, [134], [135].
• Lamarck, [428], [452].
• Lancets, [245].
• Lancisi (c. 1718), [472].
• Langenbeck, [462].
• Langrish, B., [436].
• Larry, J. D. (1766-1842), [461].
• Latum, [473].
• Laudanum, [348], [382].
• Lavoisier, [448].
• Law, the, of Hippocrates, [178], [179].
• Lawrence, W. (1783-1867), [460].
• Lead, [487].
• Learning, the revival of, [336].
• Lectisternes at Rome, [208].
• Lectures on medicine, [305], [426].
• Leech Book, [276].
• Leeches first used in Europe, [214].
• — in Sanskrit works on surgery, [114].
• Leek juice, [285].
• Leeuwenhoeck (1632-1723), [389], [471].
• Legal medicine, [376], [454].
• — recognition of doctors in England, [353].
• Lemery, [419].
• Lemon juice in scurvy, [374].
• Lenormant, Professor, on disease-demons, [15], [139].
• Leonidas of Alexandria, [229].
• Leprosy, [183], [219], [249], [432].
• — Egyptian, cures for, [69].
• — treated with human blood, [131].
• Lettsom, J. C. (1744-1815), [428].
• Levasseur (c. 1540), [367].
• Lex Cornelia punished negligent doctors, [210].
• Libavius, A. (1546-1616), [362], [419].
• Libraries, public, of Moors in Spain, [292].
• Licking as a fomentation, [3].
• Liebig, J. (1803-1873), [449].
• Life, indestructibility of, [21].
• Ligature of arteries, [224], [232], [235], [237], [296], [368].
• Light and heat, undulatory theory of, [337].
• Lime, [486].
• Linacre, Thomas (b. 1460), [346], [358].
• Linnæus, [472].
• Lisfranc, J. (1790-1847), [461].
• Lister, [472].
• Lister’s antiseptic surgery, [477].
• Liston (1794-1847), [460].
• Litany to fever, [87].
• — to disease-demons, [91].
• Literature, Greek medical, [204].
• Lithotomy, [169], [215], [216], [237], [272], [294], [316], [393], [426], [432], [433].
• Lithotrity, [459].
• — first practised, [198], [244].
• Littré, M., on miracles of healing, [320].
• Liver, [364].
• — eaten by demons, [12].
• Lock Hospital, [435].
• Locke, John (1632-1704), [388].
• Logwood, [38], [342].
• London Hospital medical school, [459].
• Lotze, R. H. (1817-1884), [451].
• Louhiatar, the Finnish disease-demon, [15].
• Louis (1723-1792), [433].
• Louis (1787-1872), [453].
• Lower, R. (1631-1691), [393].
• Lubbock, Sir John, on savages, [5].
• — on the surgery of the Society Islanders, [43].
• Lucius, [237].
• Lucky and unlucky days in medicine, [66].
• Ludford, Simon (c. 1563), [360].
• Ludwig, D. (c. 1671), [394].
• Lulli, Raymond (1235-1315), [322].
• Lunatics and demoniacs, [16].
• — treated by flogging, [278].
• “Luz,” nucleus of the resurrection of the body, [83].
• Lycanthropy, [236], [470].
• Lycus (anatomist), [209].
• Lymphatics, the, [381], [390].
• M.
• Machaon, son of Æsculapius, [149], [152], [153], [154], [155].
• Maclaurin, [459].
• Madagascar, theories of disease in, [13].
• Magendie, F. (1782-1855), [481].
• Magical yarŭk, [23].
• Magic in the treatment of diseases, [26], [27], [65], [86], [90], [129], [141], [144], [271], [327], [351], [375], [376], [405].
• — Chaldæan, [87], [88].
• — Egyptian, [64], [65], [66].
• — of the Finns medicinal, [15].
• — in the Talmud, [83].
• Magnesia, [486].
• Magnus of Alexandria, [225].
• Maharncourt, Peter de, [323].
• Mahomet’s skill in medicine, [293].
• Maimonides (died 1198), [84], [298].
• Malagasy and the future life, [23].
• Malays have a special demon for each disease, [14].
• — sorcery of, [22].
• Malebranche (1638-1715), [379].
• Malgaigne, J. (1806-1865), [461].
• Malpighi, M. (1628-1694), [386], [389].
• Mandingoes, their idea of intoxication, [47].
• Mandiocca, fermentation of, [48].
• Mandrake, [133].
• Manioc plant, [36].
• Manna, [34].
• Manners and tone of good physicians, [312].
• Manteas (B.C. 250) first made a book of recipes, [198].
• Mantira people, their theory of disease, [12].
• Mantras, [110].
• Māra, a demon, [110].
• Marasmus, [234].
• Marcellus, Empiricus, [237], [395].
• Marghi people, their intoxicating drink, [48].
• Marinus (Roman anatomist), [209], [225].
• Marro, a charm, [24].
• Martialis (A.D. 150), [198].
• Maruts or Smashers, [9].
• Masks to frighten small-pox deity, [129].
• Massage, [167], [212], [399].
• — practised by savages, [43], [44].
• Mata, small-pox goddess of India, [119], [120].
• Materialism, [451].
• Materia Medica, [220], [222], [225], [232], [307], [315], [323]. [391], [392], [394].
• — of Egyptians, [69].
• — of India, [118].
• Mathematical school of medicine, [381], [419].
• Matico, [41].
• Matter, eternity of, [99], [159].
• Maudsley, H. (b. 1835), [457].
• Maxims of Welsh physicians, [283]-285.
• Max Müller on the Esthonians, [9].
• Maykeeka, doctor of New South Wales, [27].
• Mayow, [423].
• “Me,” “the essential part of,” [23].
• Mead, R. (1673-1754), [431].
• Measles, goddesses of, in China, [128].
• Mecasphim and Casdim, [91].
• Mechanical school of medicine, [420].
• Meckel, J. F. (1724-1774), [437].
• Medical education in Egypt, [69].
• — in India, [103].
• — in Rome, [209].
• — guild in Rome, [210].
• — literature as studied in Chaucer’s time, [329].
• — police, [429].
• Medicinal plants tenanted by good spirits, [14].
• Medicine and civilization, [8].
• — its origin, mysterious, [41].
• — and philosophy of Pythagoras, [162].
• — as the propitiation of evil spirits, [22].
• — as a totem, [32].
• — “the great,” [128].
• — dance, [32].
• — men, [17], [18], [22], [27], [30], [31], [33], [248], [404].
• — — their secret language, [30].
• Medicines, who discovered them? [7], [85].
• Medico-Chemical sect, the, [380], [419].
• Mediums, [10], [21], [30], [128].
• — as Chinese doctors, [128].
• Meges (B.C. 20), [214].
• Megrims, [286].
• Meibom, H. (1638-1700), [438].
• Melampus, the first physician, [151], [221].
• Melancholia, [236].
• Meletius (4th cent.), [236].
• Menders of souls, [30].
• Mental diseases, [209].
• Mentik, the cause of rice disease, [14].
• Menu, code of, [100].
• Mercury, [150], [350], [487].
• — in syphilis, [431].
• “Merry Andrew,” [358].
• Mesmer, F. A. (1733-1815), [430].
• Mesmerism, [235], [430], [457].
• Mesue the younger (about 1015), [296].
• Metallurgy, [323].
• Metempsychosis, [163].
• Methodists, school of the, [212], [214].
• Metschnikoff, [475].
• Mexicans, their beer, [46].
• Mexico, [341].
• Mezûza wards off demons, [75].
• Microbes, [472].
• Microscope in anatomy, [389], [390], [471].
• Midwifery, [295], [313], [361].
• Midwives, [219], [272], [362].
• Millet-seed beer, [48].
• Millington, T. (c. 1676), [391].
• Mind cures, [481].
• Mineral medicines, [350], [486]-488.
• — medicines used by Rhazes, [296].
• — waters, [400].
• Mineralogy, [293], [351].
• Minerva invoked by physicians, [149].
• Miracles of healing, [481].
• — at the tomb of St. Louis, [320].
• — of Tartar surgery, [138].
• Mistletoe in medicine, [34], [270].
• Mithridates the Great, [201].
• “Mithridaticum,” [201], [375].
• Mivart, George (b. 1827), [452].
• Mohammedan medicine, [287].
• Molee charms, [27].
• Moly, the, of Homer, [249].
• Monasteries, rise of the, [300].
• Monastic botany, [369].
• Mondino, the father of modern anatomy (c. 1315), [325], [385].
• Mongolian peoples, [125].
• — Shamanism, [27].
• Mongols, their knowledge of anatomy, [135].
• Mongoose, its use of antidote to snake-poison, [3].
• Monotheism of the Bible, [74].
• Monro, A. (1697-1767), [436].
• Montagu, Lady W. (1690-1762), [439].
• Montaigne, Michel de (1533-1592), [351].
• Monte Cassino, [308], [309].
• Montpellier, its services to education, [305], [384].
• — school of, [303], [304], [384].
• Moonlight, injurious effects of, [81].
• Morand (1697-1773), [432].
• Morbus sacer, [181].
• Morgagni, G. B. (1682-1772), [437].
• Morgan, J. (1736-1789), [427].
• Moschion Diorthortes (c. [6]th cent.), [242].
• Moses (B.C. 1490), [477].
• Mosques as universities, [292].
• Moss from a dead man’s skull, [397].
• Mott, V. (1785-1865), [462].
• Mountain peaks invoked, [16].
• Mouse-dung as a remedy, [285], [395].
• Muffet, Thomas (died 1604), [361].
• Müller (c. 1786), [472].
• Murchison, C. (1830-1879), [454].
• Mūrŭp, a disembodied spirit, [23].
• Musandinus, [315].
• Music in the treatment of disease, [165].
• Mussel shells as surgical instruments, [33].
• Mustard, [285].
• Myddvai, physicians of, [281], [283].
• Myrepsus, Nicholas (c. 1250), [323].
• Mystical school, [419].
• Mystic sign in Hindu medicine, [109].
• Myxoedema, [458].
• N.
• Naboth, M. (1675-1721), [437].
• Naegeli, [473].
• Nail-parings, superstitions concerning, [16], [143], [407].
• Namtar and Idpa, [89].
• Nasal polypus, a punishment for sin, [82].
• Nasty physic first disguised by St. Hildegard, [307].
• Natural explanations the result of science, [24].
• — history, [225], [351], [361].
• — — studied by Aristotle, [192].
• — philosophy, [336], [377], [378], [379].
• — sciences, [448].
• Nature the physician of diseases, [176].
• Neatness of Indian surgery, [42].
• Necromancers, [335].
• — and tombs, [413].
• Needfire, [273].
• Needham, W. (died 1691), [425].
• Negro priest-physicians, [28].
• — religion is fetishism, [65].
• Negroes, their theories of disease, [28].
• Nelaton, A. (1807-1874), [461].
• Nemesius (4th cent.), [236].
• Neoplatonism, its influence on medicine, [235].
• Nepenthe, [70], [154].
• Nerves, [231], [232], [325], [364], [378], [389], [391], [436].
• — of sensation and motion recognised, [196], [224].
• Nervous disorders, [220], [236], [391].
• — system, structure of, [364], [367], [379].
• Nestorians, [288], [290], [291].
• Neuralgia, remedies for, [34].
• Newman, Cardinal, on the world’s benefactors, [7].
• Newton, Isaac (1642-1727), [378], [379], [420].
• New Zealand, theories of disease in, [13].
• Nganga, a medicine man of the Congo, [30].
• Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464), [336].
• Nicholas Præpositus (c. 1140), [313].
• Nicholas V. (1389-1455), Pope, [336].
• Nicholls, F. (1699-1778), [436].
• Nightingale, Florence (b. 1820), [467].
• Nigritian character of Egyptian religion, [65].
• Nine secrets of the Brahmans, [101].
• Nineveh, excavations at, [91].
• Nirvana, [111].
• Nitrous oxide gas, [449], [464], [466].
• Noijat, sorcerers of Finland, [14].
• Nonnus (10th cent.), [302].
• “No Restraint” system, [457].
• Nosology, [104], [204].
• Novum Organon, the, [377], [378], [380].
• Nuck, A. (1650-1692), [390].
• Nukahivans, their use of kava, [49].
• Numa Pompilius, [205].
• Numbers, magic in, [258], [259].
• — the philosophy of, [162]-164.
• — Pythagorean doctrine of, [162], [163], [216].
• Nursing reform, [467].
• Nux Vomica, [129].
• O.
• Oath of the Asclepiades, [169].
• Ob, an ancient Egyptian demon, [19].
• Obeah witchcraft of West Indies, [18], [19].
• Obi-men, [19].
• Obsession, [10].
• Obstetricians, [435], [479].
• Obstetrics, [218], [242], [243], [294], [296], [313], [361], [362], [429], [435].
• Occult philosophy, [337], [347], [368].
• Oculists in Rome, [210], [217].
• Odd and even days in diseases, [164].
• — days, the, [202].
• Odin a doctor, [272].
• Odyl, [430].
• Œons, [252].
• Offences against dead a cause of disease, [12], [20], [139].
• Ointment for sorcerers, [413].
• Old age described in Ecclesiastes, [80].
• — women, experiments on, [35].
• Olfactory nerves discovered, [337].
• Operations invented by ancient Hindus, [117].
• Ophthalmic surgery, [210], [211], [217], [296], [464].
• Ophthalmology, [463].
• Ophthalmoscope, [463].
• Opium-eaters, [47].
• Opium known to the ancients, [70], [154].
• — used to procure sleep, [201].
• Optic nerves, [364].
• — decussation of, [209].
• Oracle-spirits, [10].
• Orfila (1787-1853), [449].
• Orgies of Dionysus, [32], [150].
• Oribasius (A.D. [326]-403), [235].
• “Original People” of Malay Peninsula, [22].
• Ormuzd, [141], [142], [143].
• Orphic mysteries, [163].
• Osteology, [216].
• Oüycou, a Carib liquor, [51].
• Ovariotomy of savages, [43], [45].
• — of civilized people, [361], [460].
• Owen, George (died 1558), [359].
• — Richard (1804-1892), [451].
• Oxford University, [339], [382], [383].
• P.
• Pacchioni, A. (1665-1726), [437].
• Pæon the healer, [66], [147].
• Pagés, priests of the Amazon, [26].
• Paget, J. (b. 1814), [460].
• Pakht, Egyptian god, [58].
• Palal, the supreme pontiff of the cow-religion, [48].
• Palfyn, J. (1649-1730), [435].
• Pallas Athene, goddess of health, [149].
• Palletta (1747-1823), [433].
• Palmer, Mr. E., on the medicine of Australian tribes, [33].
• Pancreas, duct of the, [391].
• Pander, [481].
• Pantheism, [97].
• Panum, [476].
• Paper invented by the Arabs, [294].
• Papuan Islanders and arrack, [47].
• Papyrus of Ebers, [58], [64], [67], [69], [71].
• — Harris, [65].
• — Lee and Rollin, [65].
• — Berlin, [68].
• Parabolani, an order of clerical nurses for sick, [241].
• Paracelsus (1493-1541), [331], [346], [347], [380], [419].
• Paracentesis in ascites, [177], [182].
• Paraschistes, Egyptian dissectors, [64].
• Parasites of skin diseases, [457].
• Paré, Ambroise (1509-1590), [368]-376.
• Parker, [478], [479].
• Parsees, medicine of, [141].
• Parturition, medicines in, [37].
• Pascal (1623-1662), [379], [410].
• Pasteur, L. (b. 1820), [472], [474], [477], [480].
• Pastophori, [62].
• Patagonian wizards, [21], [22].
• Pathology, [227], [313], [437].
• — amongst Egyptians, [63].
• — of faith-healing, [320].
• Pathological school of medicine, [446].
• Patron saints of the Javanese, [14].
• Paulus Ægineta (c. [7]th cent.), [211], [242].
• Pecquet, J. (1622-1674), [390].
• Peiresc, F. de (1580-1637), [390].
• Pelletier, [449].
• Pelops (anatomist), [209].
• Pemberton, H., [420].
• Penance as a remedy for disease, [101].
• Penny, Thomas (c. 1570), [361].
• Percussion of thorax, [177], [453].
• Percy (1754-1825), [433].
• Periapts, [254], [255].
• Periodeutes, the, [242].
• Perkuna, the thunder-god, [9].
• Perrault, [420].
• Persians employed Egyptian physicians, [71].
• Peru, [341], [383].
• Petit, J. L. (1674-1750), [432].
• Petrocellus (about 1035), [310].
• Petroleum, [275].
• Petrus Apono (1250-1315), [326].
• Peyer, J. C. (1653-1712), [437].
• Phagocyte theory, [475].
• Phallic worship, [76], [85].
• Pharmacopœias, [313], [363], [364], [392], [394].
• Pharmacy, [220], [236], [237], [296], [299], [315], [332], [350], [375], [391], [392], [419].
• — and medicine separated, [315], [317].
• — elegant, [307].
• — in ancient Egypt, [69].
• — in China, [133].
• — of Hindus, [115].
• Pherecydes (c. 609 B.C.), [158].
• Philinus of Cos (B.C. 280), [199], [200].
• Philip of Cæsarea, [234].
• Philonides, [213].
• Philosophy, modern, [377].
• — of the Greeks, [158].
• — of the Hindus, [97], [98].
• Philosophical Society of Oxford, [378].
• — transactions, the, [378].
• Philoxenos (about B.C. 260), [198].
• Philoxenus the oculist, [210].
• Philtres, [222], [413].
• Philumenus (c. A.D. 60), [218].
• Phlebitis, [434].
• Phlogiston, [423].
• Phœnicia, oculists of, [58].
• Phœnicians devoted to phallic worship, [85].
• Phosphorus, [487].
• Phrenology, [456].
• Phthisis, Hippocrates on, [182].
• Phylacteries of the Jews were amulets, [75], [86].
• Physical science, [160], [322].
• Physic-god represented by doctor, [109].
• Physicians always originally wizards, [26], [86].
• — and surgeons of primitive man, [40].
• — behaviour, [103], [312].
• — College of, [357].
• Physics, [351].
• Physiological medicine, [446].
• Physiology, [212], [228], [336], [367], [381], [384], [390], [420], [436].
• Piayas, diviners of North America, [26].
• Pig, anatomy of the, [313].
• Pigeons’ dung in pregnancy, [131].
• Pills of precious stones, [130].
• — in Egyptian pharmacy, [69].
• Pincers, [244], [245].
• Pinel, P. (1745-1826), [456].
• Pitard, Jean (1228-1315), [323].
• Pitcairn, A. (1652-1713), [419], [425].
• Pitcairn, W. (1711-1791), [438].
• Pius II., see Æneas Sylvius.
• Plain cooking, [15].
• Plants, the food of ghosts, [23].
• — the homes of the departed, [14], [46].
• — medicinal, well understood by Australian tribes, [33].
• Plant-worship, [32], [46], [142], [269], [270].
• Plastic operations, [216], [462].
• Platearius, Johannes, [314].
• Platearius, Matthæus, [314].
• Plato (B.C. [427]-347), [185].
• Platter, Felix (1536-1614), [363].
• Plenciz, M. A. (c. 1762), [472].
• Pliny the elder (A.D. [23]-79), his natural history, [225].
• Plotinus (A.D. [205]-270), [235].
• Pneumatists, sect of the, [227].
• Podalirius, son of Æsculapius, [149], [152], [153], [155].
• Poisons, action of, [431].
• — and poisoning, [439].
• — of a spiritual kind, [23].
• — science of, [449], [454].
• Poisoning, art of, [323], [324], [404], [439].
• — by Obeah-men, [19].
• — secret, [222], [223].
• Poisonous plants the homes of demons, [14], [46].
• — used as food when boiled, [34].
• Polynesian disease spirits, [12].
• Polypus of nose, [182], [316].
• Pomegranate, [237].
• Possession, demoniacal, [10], [20], [86], [99], [138], [143], [403].
• Potash, [487].
• Potassium, [487].
• Pott, P. (1713-1788), [433].
• Poultices, use of, by savages, [33].
• “Powder of sympathy,” [397].
• Prairie Indians trace all diseases to one demon, [13].
• Praxagoras of Cos (4th cent. B.C.), [192].
• Precious stones as charms, [75].
• Pre-existence believed by Empedocles, [161].
• Pregnancy, ceremonies in, [144].
• — changes induced by, [219].
• Prescriptions of Egyptian physicians, [66], [67].
• Preventive medicine, [100].
• Priest and medicine-man formerly one, [8], [86].
• Priest-magicians of Egypt, [62].
• — physicians, [27], [30], [86], [270], [271].
• Priests of the Jews, no monopoly of medicine, [75].
• Priestley, J., [448], [464].
• Primitive man as seen in Australian aborigines, [24].
• Primrose, James, [389].
• Principia, [379].
• Probe, the, [245].
• Prognosis, [107].
• — in Hippocratic teaching, [176].
• Prometheus, [151].
• Prophetical intoxication, [31].
• Propitiation of disease-demons, [16], [136].
• — of gods for cure of diseases, [270].
• Protestantism in science, [346].
• Proteus signifies matter, [165].
• Prussic acid, [222], [436].
• Psychical school, [419], [421].
• Ptah, Egyptian god, [58].
• Ptolemy Soter patron of the arts and sciences, [194].
• Ptomaines, [476].
• Public sanitary service of Rome, [210].
• Pulque, [46].
• Pulse, doctrine of the, [196].
• — the, in Hindu medicine, [115].
• — Galen’s description of, [113], [232].
• Purgatives, [43], [156], [314].
• Purging discovered by Melampus, [156].
• Purkinje, [481].
• Puschmann, T., [467].
• Putrefaction, [471], [472].
• Puyung of the Malay forest tribes, [22].
• Pythagoras (born 582 B.C.), [162].
• — learned his doctrine from Oriental philosophers, [99].
• Pythagorean school at Crotona, [161].
• Q.
• Quain, R., [467].
• Quarantine, [339].
• Quassia-wood, [38].
• “Quid pro quo,” origin of the expression, [314].
• Quinine, [342], [449].
• Quintus (Roman anatomist), [209], [225].
• R.
• Rabbits do not vomit with ipecacuanha, [4].
• Rabelais, François (c. 1490-1553), [352].
• Radcliffe, John (1650-1714), [425].
• Radishes to prevent hydrophobia, [285].
• Rain, prayers to, [9].
• Rainy season and the gods, [29].
• Ramus (c. 1562), [368].
• Rasori, G. (1762-1837), [445].
• Rats amputate their own legs, [3].
• Recipe books, [313], [323].
• Recurrent nerves, when discovered, [209].
• Reflex action, [457].
• Reform of medicine, [345], [391].
• Reformation, its effect on medicine, [369].
• Reichenbach, Von, [430].
• Reimarus, J. A. H. (1729-1814), [463].
• Re-incarnation believed by Empedocles, [161].
• Remak, R. (1815-1865), [457].
• Remedies used by animals, [3].
• Repentance as a cure of disease, [88].
• Resection of jaw, [316].
• — of joints, [460], [461].
• Reuchlin, Johann (1455-1522), [337].
• Revival of learning, [337].
• Rhazes (9th cent.), [295], [296].
• Rheumatism first described, [214].
• — remedies in, [37], [38], [43].
• — miraculous cures of, [481].
• Rhinoplastic surgery, [367].
• Rhiwallon (Welsh physician, [13]th cent.), [283].
• Rhubarb first introduced, [243].
• Richard Fitz-Nigel, [307].
• Richardson, B. W. (b. 1828), [480].
• Richter (1742-1812), [433].
• Rickets, [389].
• Rig Veda, [47], [96], [97].
• Rishis or Hindu sages, [100].
• Robert of Gloucester on Anglo-Norman surgery, [306].
• Robertson, Dr., on the progress of man, [6].
• Roeschlaub, J. A. (1768-1835), [446].
• Roger of Parma (c. 1210), [316].
• Rokitansky, K. von (1804-1878), [454].
• Rolando, [316].
• Romanes, G. F., [452].
• Roman medicine, [205].
• Rose water, [302].
• Rosenkreuz, Christian, [370].
• Rosicrucians, [370].
• Rosy Cross, Society of, [370].
• Rousset, François (about 1581), [362].
• Roux, P. J. (1780-1854), [461].
• Royal Society, the, [380].
• Rudbeck, O. (1630-1702), [390].
• Rufus of Ephesus (A.D. [98]-117), [209], [223].
• Ruini, C. (c. 1598), [375].
• Rune lays, [252].
• S.
• Sabatier (1723-1811), [433].
• Sabbath, origin of, was Accadian, [95].
• Sabines, the, [205].
• Sacred plants, [46], [48], [142].
• Sacrifices of tobacco to the sun, [48].
• Sacrificial medicine, [14], [48].
• Saffron, [285].
• Sage, [286].
• Saint Vitus’s dance, [331].
• Saints as healers, [333].
• Sal-ammoniac, [487].
• Sala, [419].
• Salaries of court physicians, [164], [211].
• Salerno, school of, [308], [349].
• — in decay, [318].
• Saliva, magic properties of, [259].
• — superstitions of South Sea Islanders concerning, [17].
• Salivary glands first described, [236].
• Salt used as medicine by animals, [3].
• Salve against goblins and temptations, [278].
• Samoans, their theory of diseases, [21].
• Samoyed tribes, [86].
• Samulus, [270].
• Sanderson, J. B. (b. 1828), [480].
• Sanitary precautions in the East, [77].
• — reform, [357].
• — science, [477].
• Santals of Bengal think good spirits enter fruit trees, [14].
• Santorini, G. (1681-1737), [436].
• Saracens, medicine of the, [291].
• — their sympathy with Jews, [84].
• Sarpi, P. (1552-1623), [390].
• Sarsaparilla, [342], [375].
• Sassafras, [342], [374].
• Sauvages, De (1706-1767), [422], [424].
• Savages are like primitive man, [5].
• — require large doses, [37].
• — their theory of evil spirits, [20], [139].
• — their voracity, [38].
• — weak as compared with civilised man, [38].
• Sawan, the cause of convulsions, [14].
• Saws, [244].
• Saxon leechdoms, [252].
• Scammony, [275].
• Scapegoat of the Jews, [15].
• Scapulars of Catholics, [75].
• Scarabs, [250].
• Scarification practised by savages, [33].
• Scarpa, A. (1748-1832), [433].
• Schelling (1775-1854), [450].
• Schizomycetes, [473].
• Schmidt, J. A., [463].
• Schmucker (1712-1786), [433].
• Scholasticism, the parent of modern science, [239].
• Schools of medical theory, [418].
• Schroeder, [472].
• Schuk, F. (1804-1865), [462].
• Schulze, F., [472].
• Schwann, [472], [473].
• Science, age of, [441].
• Scientific medicine, [393].
• Scourges and plagues, incantations against, [15], [86].
• Scribonius Largus (A.D. 45), [214].
• Scripts as medicine, [260], [261].
• Scrofula, [183], [370].
• Scudamore, C. (1779-1849), [467].
• Scurvy, [374].
• — banished the fleets, [427].
• Scythian remedy for hunger, [197].
• Scythians, the, [203].
• Seamen, diseases of, [427].
• Seat of the soul, [196], [379].
• “Security” offered for sick persons in China, [127].
• Seer, the evolution of, [9].
• Seidlitz waters, [424].
• Selago, a sacred plant, [270].
• Selmi, [476].
• Semitic and Aryan intellects compared, [292].
• Semmelweis, L. J. P. (1818-1865), [479].
• Seneca on doctors, [224].
• Seneka, [342].
• Senna introduced, [296].
• Separation of medicine from surgery, [305].
• Septenary theory, [164].
• Septine, [480].
• Serapion of Alexandria (B.C. 270), [199], [201].
• Serapion the elder, [295].
• — the younger (about 1070), [296].
• Serapis, Egyptian god, [59], [60].
• Serpentaria, [342].
• Serpent on the rod of Æsculapius, [149].
• — the cause of diseases, [142].
• Servetus (1511-1553), [367], [385].
• Set, representative of physical evil amongst Egyptians, [58].
• Setons, [237], [316].
• Sex of bees, [391].
• Sexual organs of plants, [391].
• Shadows on souls, [9].
• Shaitan, the cause of disease, [138].
• Shamans of Northern Asia, [27], [86], [125], [139].
• Shampooing, [44].
• Sharp, S. (1700-1778), [433].
• Shastres, [100].
• Siam, its religion and theory of disease, [14].
• Siberians, [86].
• Sickness, remedies for, [34], [37].
• Siebold (1736-1807), [433].
• Sieveking, E. H. (b. 1816), [455].
• Signatures, doctrine of, [133], [257], [416], [417].
• Silk-worm disease, [473], [474].
• Silver, [488].
• Similia similibus theory, [234].
• Simon, [478], [479].
• Simpson, J. Y., [465].
• Sioux Indian medicine, [32].
• Siva afflicts Hindu children with epilepsy, [120].
• Skatological medicine, [394]-397.
• Skeleton made by a Rabbi, [83].
• — of ivory, [114].
• Skin diseases, [455].
• Skoda, J. (1803-1881), [455].
• Slaves in Roman world, [239].
• Slavonic rustics exorcise spirits with urine, [30].
• Sleeping and dreams, [20], [22].
• Sloane, Hans (1660-1753), [425].
• Small-pox, [295], [297], [432].
• — in Timor-laut, [28].
• — caused by demons, [12], [129].
• — exorcised by urine, [30].
• — goddess, [12], [13], [119], [120], [128], [129].
• Smellie, W. (1608-1763), [435].
• Smith, S., [478].
• Snake-bite, treatment of, by savages, [33].
• — remedies for, [108].
• — wine, [131].
• Snellen, H., [463].
• Snipe, the, as a surgeon, [3].
• Society Islanders and disease-demons, [21].
• — their skill in surgery, [43].
• Socrates on invalidism, [185].
• Soda, [486].
• Sodium, [486].
• Softening of the brain, [456].
• Solomon composed incantations to cure diseases, [78].
• Soma as a drink and a deity, [47].
• Sonnenschein, [476].
• Soranus of Ephesus, [218].
• Sorcery in Accadia, [86].
• — in Australia, [12].
• — a cover for ignorance, [26].
• — laws against, [405].
• Soul, immortality of, [8].
• — origin of, [339].
• — the seat of, [196], [232], [379].
• Souls as shadows, [9].
• — theory of, [20]-23.
• Spallanzani, [472].
• Spears spiritually poisoned, [23].
• Specialism of Egyptian medicine, [63].
• Speculum, the, [177].
• — anciently used, [219], [244].
• Speech, faculty of, its seat, [458].
• Spells, [90], [237].
• Spencer, Herbert (b. 1820), [452].
• — on plant-worship, [47].
• Spermatozoa discovered, [389].
• Spiders as amulets, [256].
• — as disease-demons, [30].
• Spigel (1578-1625), [364].
• Spinoza (1632-1677), [379].
• Spirits, belief in, universal, [20], [139].
• — of material objects, [24].
• — of weapons, [23].
• — their influence in healing, [33].
• — distilled, invented, [326].
• Spiritual spears, [23].
• Spleen, the, [389].
• — removed by the Rabbis, [83].
• Splenic fever, [474].
• Splints, [244].
• — use of, in the surgery of savages, [33], [41].
• Spontaneous generation theory, [472], [473].
• Sprengel, Kurt (1766-1833), [466].
• Springs, medicinal, [272].
• Spry, E., [428].
• Spurzheim, C. (1776-1832), [456].
• Squill as a diuretic, [222].
• Stahl (1660-1734), [421], [423].
• Stammering, treatment of, [235].
• Stark, W. (1742-1770), [429].
• State medical service in Rome, [210].
• Steam power, [337].
• Sterility, [242].
• Sternum trepanned, [316].
• Stethoscope, invention of, [453].
• Stieglitz (1767-1840), [446].
• Stolen property as a charm, [265].
• Stone, cutting for the, [44], [45], [393].
• Stones as charms, [257], [394].
• — healing by, [33].
• Storm gods of India, [9].
• Strictus et laxus, [214].
• Stromeyer, G. F. L. (1804-1876), [462].
• Strumous glands, [229], [235].
• Styptics, discovery of, [41].
• Subordination of surgery to medicine, [305].
• Sucking diseases out of patients, [22], [27], [28], [33].
• Sulphur, [273], [487].
• — as a disinfectant in the Odyssey, [154].
• — first used for skin diseases, [201].
• Suonetar, the healer, [15].
• Supernatural invoked when natural means fail, [26].
• Superstition, absence of, from the Psalms of David, [74].
• — origin of, [24].
• — originally engrafted on medicine, [26], [351], [403], [405].
• Superstitions, medical, [327].
• — their universality, [18].
• — in Chinese medicine, [132].
• Suppositories, [177].
• Surgeons to be propitiated, [103].
• Surgery, [228], [235].
• — French, [368], [433].
• — a scientific profession, [434].
• — savage, [40], [41].
• — of the Brahmans, [103].
• — of the Hindus, [114], [117], [118].
• — of Egyptians, [70].
• — older than medicine, [41], [104].
• — subordinated to medicine, [305].
• Surgical instruments of the Bible, [79].
• Susruta, [103], [289].
• Sutherland, [478].
• Sutras, commentaries on the Vedas, [100].
• Sutton, Thomas (d. 1835), [456].
• Svastika, the mystic, [134].
• Swaine, [474].
• Swammerdam, J. (1637-1686), [391].
• Sweating Sickness, [338], [356], [357], [360].
• Swieten, Van (1700-1772), [430], [437].
• Sydenham Society, [467].
• Sydenham, Thomas (1624-1689), [381], [383].
• Sylvanus, a demon of the lying-in chamber, [54].
• Sylvaticus, [327].
• Sylvius (De la Boë) (1614-1672), [380].
• Syme, J. (1799-1870), [460].
• Sympathetical cures, [397].
• Sympathetic nerve, [389].
• Syphilis, [340].
• — less frequent amongst Jews than Christians, [76].
• Systems of modern medicine, [445].
• T.
• Tablets on which were recorded cures in temples, [167].
• Tagliacozzi, G. (1546-1599), [367], [368].
• Tahiti people, their fermented liquor, [49].
• Tait, Lawson, [460].
• Taliacotian operation, [367].
• Talismans, [29], [32], [86], [247], [260].
• Talmud, surgery of, [82].
• — pathology of, [82].
• Talmudists, medicine of the, [82].
• Tamils of Ceylon, sorcery of the, [408].
• Tapeworm, treatment for, [228], [237].
• Tapping for dropsy, [245].
• Tarantism, [339].
• Tarawan folk, sorcery of, [22].
• Tarsus, bones of, [337].
• Tartars, their theory of fevers, [31].
• Tar water, [177].
• Tasmanians think diseases caused by devils, [13], [21].
• Tauut, Egyptian god same as Thoth, q.v., [58].
• Taylor, A. S. (1806-1880), [454].
• Tchutgours, Tartar disease-demons, [135], [136].
• Tea intoxication, [50].
• Teeth-worms, [414], [415].
• Telescopes, [389].
• Temples of Æsculapius, [149], [157], [168].
• Teraphim of Laban, [75].
• Teutons, medicine of the, [272].
• Thales of Miletus (circ. 609 B.C.), [158].
• Tharragarry, evil spirits of Australians, [24].
• Themison of Laodicea (B.C. 50), [213], [214].
• Theon of Alexandria, [226].
• Theophrastus (born 371 B.C.), the originator of the science of plants, [193].
• Theories of disease, [12], [86], [270].
• Theosophy, [337].
• Theosophists of Chaldæa, [90].
• Therapeutics, [392].
• — Galen on, [232].
• Therapeutists, or Healers, [82].
• Theriaca (a famous cure all), [218], [220], [221].
• Thermometry, clinical, [439], [455].
• Thessalus of Tralles (A.D. 60), [218].
• Theurgic healing, [66].
• Theurgy of Egypt, [61], [66].
• Thibet, physicians of, [134].
• Thibetans, their theory of disease, [16], [249].
• Thilenius, G. M., [435].
• Thimmool, a magical weapon, [24].
• Thompson, H. (b. 1820), [460].
• Thorbern, [391].
• Thor’s hammer, [134].
• Thoth, Egyptian god of letters and medicine, [58], [60], [65], [150].
• Thrax (A.D. [457]-474), [236].
• Thrita, the first physician of Zoroastrians, [142].
• Thunder, prayer to, [9].
• Thymus gland, [361].
• Thyroid gland, functions of, [458].
• Tietajat, the learned men of Finland, [14].
• Timor-laut, fish poisoning in, [35].
• — prophylactic against small-pox in, [28].
• Timor tribes, their theories of disease, [31].
• Titans, discoverers of medicinal herbs, [85].
• Tla-guill-augh, a medicine man, [17].
• Toad and the plantain, [3].
• Tobacco, [369].
• — the “sacred herb” of Peru, [48].
• Toddy of the cocoa-nut palm, [49].
• Tomahawk, the spirit of, [23].
• Toogi-toogi, [43].
• Toothache, charm for, [286].
• “Toothache shrub,” [38].
• Totemism, [32].
• Touching for the evil, [371], [372].
• “Touching pieces,” [373].
• Tourniquet, the, [431], [432].
• Toynbee, [478].
• Toxicology, [105], [449], [454].
• Tracheotomy, [213], [228], [235], [244].
• Transference of disease, [414].
• Transfusion of blood, [350].
• Travers, B. (1783-1858), [459].
• Trepan, the, [244], [316].
• Trepanning the skull, [44], [45], [206], [285].
• Trephine, the, [244].
• Trephining the skull, [113], [184], [216].
• “Triacle,” [275].
• Triads, the Welsh, [280], [281].
• Tribal magic, [24].
• Trithemius (c. 1500), [346], [347].
• Troja (1747-1827), [433].
• Trotula (about 1059), [313].
• Trousseau, A. (1801-1866), [456].
• Tuberculosis, [429], [453], [454].
• Tude plant, a sacred shrub, [48].
• Tumours, malignant, [316].
• Turanian priests of magic, [138].
• Turkish bath, [43].
• Turner, D. (1667-1741), [431].
• Turpentine in hæmorrhage, [431].
• Tylor, Dr. E. B., on animism, [8], [10].
• — on primitive man, [6].
• Tyndall, J. (b. 1820), [472], [480].
• Typhus fever, [363].
• Tyson, E. (d. 1708), [438].
• U.
• Unburied men as vampires, [16].
• Uncleanness of women, [143], [144].
• Universal medicine, the, [100].
• Universities, rise of the, [300], [303].
• Upanishads, the, [97].
• Urea, [436].
• Urethra, operations on, by savages, [43], [77].
• Urethrotomy, [216], [228].
• Urine, use of, in medicine, [67], [396].
• — its use in exorcism, [30], [78].
• Uroscopy, [294], [323].
• Uterus, dissection of the, [219].
• Uvula, amputation of, [391].
• V.
• Vaccination, [439].
• Valingen, F. de (1725-1805), [428].
• Valsalva, A. (1666-1723), [436].
• Valves of the heart, [361].
• — of the veins, [364], [386].
• Vambery on opium-eating, [47].
• Vampires, [16].
• Vapour baths in dropsy introduced by Chrysippus, [195].
• Varicose veins, [183].
• Varolius, C. (1545-1575), [364].
• Vascular system understood by Diogenes of Apollonia, [160].
• Vaso-motor nerves, [436], [457].
• Vazimbas inflict diseases in Madagascar, [13].
• Vectius Vallens (circ. A.D. 37), [214].
• Vedas, the, [98], [99].
• Vedic hymns, [47], [97].
• Veins, anatomy of, [160].
• Velpeau, A. (1795-1867), [461].
• Vervain, [270].
• Vesalius, Andrew (1514-1564), [365], [366].
• Veterinary medicine of Hindus, [102], [117].
• — of the Mongols, [135].
• Vicary, Thomas (c. 1530), [358].
• Vicq d’Azyr, F. (1748-1794), [391].
• Vidus Vidius, [374].
• Vienna school, [431], [454], [455].
• Vieussens, R. (c. 1684), [389], [419].
• Vinario, [330].
• Virchow, R. (b. 1821), [455].
• Virgil, sorcery in, [405].
• Viridet, [419].
• Vision, discovery of the laws of, [337].
• Vis Medicatrix Naturæ, [176].
• Vital-fluid school, [419], [421].
• Vivisection of animals, [379], [483], [485].
• — in magic, [251], [254], [279], [286].
• — of human beings, [195], [197], [200], [218], [373], [374].
• Vocal organs, anatomy of, [364], [391].
• Volta, [450].
• Vomiting the devil, [30].
• Votive tablets in Greek temples, [157], [168].
• W.
• Wagner, [481].
• Wäinämöinen, conqueror of disease-demons, [15].
• Wallace, Alfred R. (b. 1822), [452].
• Walther, Von (1782-1849), [462].
• Wardrop, J. (1782-1869), [459].
• Wardroper, Mrs. (d. 1892), [467].
• Warts, superstitions concerning, [415], [416].
• Water of baptism, its magical properties, [272].
• Waters, mineral, [400].
• Watje, their theories of disease, [28].
• Watson, Thomas (1792-1882), [454].
• Watson, W. (1715-1787), [427].
• Wax-figures in sorcery, [66].
• “Weapon salve,” [398].
• Wells, poisoning of, [35].
• Wells, Spencer (b. 1818), [460].
• Welsh medicine, [280].
• West Indies, sorcery in, [22].
• Wharton, J. (died 1673), [389].
• Whewell on medical theories, [418]-420.
• Whistler, D. (died 1684), [389].
• White, C. (c. 1768), [434].
• White magic, [66], [409].
• Whooping cough, [363].
• Wichmann, J. E. (1740-1802), [429].
• Wilks, S. (b. 1824), [455].
• Willan, R. (1757-1812), [427].
• Willis, Thomas (1621-1675), [391].
• Wilson, E. (1809-1884), [460].
• Wine, [150].
• Wingo, an Australian superstition, [17].
• Winslow, Forbes, [457].
• Winston, Thomas (b. 1575), [381].
• Wirsung, G. (died 1643), [391].
• Wiseman, Richard (1625-1686), [389].
• Witchcraft as cause of disease, [12], [16], [403], [405].
• — and medicine, [403].
• Wizards of Australia, [23].
• — of Patagonia, [21].
• Wizard-priests, [27], [29], [30].
• Woi-worŭng, an Australian tribe, [23].
• Women as poisoners, [324], [404].
• — diseases of, [219], [242], [243], [294], [313], [361], [429].
• — doctors, [271], [307], [313], [326].
• — forbidden by Athenians to practise medicine, [202].
• —, Jewish laws concerning, [77].
• Woolaston, W. H. (1766-1828), [449].
• Worm, Olaus, [394].
• Wormian bones, the, [364].
• Worms, remedies for, [36], [237].
• Worm-seed, [36].
• Worship of plants arose from their intoxicating influence, [47].
• Wotton, Edward, [360].
• Wren, Sir C. (1632-1723), [391].
• Wunderlich (1815-1877), [455].
• X.
• Xenocrates of Aphrodisias (c. 70 A.D.), [395].
• Xenophon of Cos (A.D. 53), [198].
• Xirac, a fermented liquor of the Rio Negro, [48].
• Y.
• Yambo, the spirit of man, [23].
• Yeast-plant, [452], [473].
• Yonge, J. (1646-1721), [431].
• Young, Thomas (1773-1829), [463].
• Yountoo charms, [27].
• Youths, savage, initiations of, [43].
• Z.
• Zacchia, P. (c. 1621), [376].
• Zamolxis, [164].
• Zedekiah, a Jewish physician, [84].
• Zend Avesta, [47], [141], [143].
• Zenon, [225].
• Zerbis, G., de, [337].
• Zinc, [350].
• Zoology, [391].
• Zoroaster, [141], [143].
• — and his teaching emanated from India, [99].
• Zuelza, [476].
• Zulus, their theory of diseases, [21], [22].
• — trace diseases to the rainbow and evil spirits, [13].
• Zwelfer, J. (c. 1651), [394].
• Zymotic diseases, [480].

Butler & Tanner. The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.