Water Supply: the Present Practice of Sinking and Boring Wells / With Geological Considerations and Examples of Wells Executed

by Ernest Spon

Gases in Wells.

The most abundant deleterious gas met with in wells is carbonic acid, which extinguishes flame and is fatal to animal life. Carbonic acid is most frequently met with in the chalk, where it has been found to exist in greater quantity in the lower than in the upper portion of the formation, and in that division to be unequally distributed. Fatal effects from it at Epsom, 200 feet down, and in Norbury Park, near Dorking, 400 feet down, have been recorded. At Bexley Heath, after sinking through 140 feet of gravel and sand and 30 feet of chalk, it rushed out and extinguished the candles of the workmen. Air mixed with one-tenth of this gas will extinguish lights; it is very poisonous, and when the atmosphere contains 8 per cent. or more there is danger of suffocation. When present it is found most abundantly in the lower parts of a well from its great specific gravity.

Sulphuretted hydrogen is also occasionally met with, and is supposed to be generated from the decomposition of water and iron pyrites.

In districts in which the chalk is covered with sand and London clay, carburetted hydrogen is occasionally emitted, but more frequently sulphuretted hydrogen. Carburetted hydrogen seldom inflames in wells, but in making the Thames Tunnel it sometimes issued in such abundance as to explode by the lights and scorch the workmen. Sulphuretted hydrogen also streamed out in the same place, but in no instance with fatal effects. At Ash, near Farnham, a well was dug in sand to the depth of 36 feet, and one of the workmen descending into it was instantly suffocated. Fatal effects have also resulted elsewhere from the accumulation of this gas in wells.

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[INDEX.]

• Abridge, well at, [190]
• Accident tools, Mather and Platt’s, [138]-143
• Acton, wells at, [190]
• Africa, rainfall in, [30]
• Air freshening in wells, [53]
• Albany Street, well at, [190]
• Aldershot Place, wells at, [190]
• Alluvion, [5], [7]
• America, North, rainfall, [30], [31]
• —— South, [31]
• American tube well, [81]
• Amwell End, well at, [190]
• Apothecaries’ Hall, well at, [191]
• Apparatus for boring, [68], [71], [72]
• Arlesey, well at, [190]
• Artesian well, definition, [2]
• —— —— causes of failure, [2]-4
• Ash, well at, [190]
• Asia, rainfall in, [29], [30]
• Augers, [62]-64
• Available rainfall, [27]
• Bagshot Sands, [5]
• —— well at, [190]
• Balance-beam, Kind’s, [91]
• Balham Hill, well at, [190]
• Ball-clack, [91]
• Bank of England, well at, [190]
• Bare outcrop, [18]-21
• Barking, well at, [190]
• Barnet, wells at, [190]
• Battersea, wells at, [190]
• Bearwood, well at, [191]
• Beaumont Green, well at, [191]
• Bell-box, [64]
• Belleisle, well at, [191]
• Berkeley Square, well at, [191]
• Bermondsey, wells at, [191]
• Berry Green, well at, [191]
• Bexley, well at, [191]
• Bexley Heath, wells at, [21]
• Bickford’s fuse, [50]
• Birkenhead, wells at, [155]
• Birmingham, wells at, [156]
• Bishop Stortford, wells at, [167], [191]
• Blackfriars, well at, [191]
• Blackheath, well at, [191]
• Blasting, sinking by, [44]
• Bootle, wells at, [158]
• Borers or drills, [47]
• Boring, [60]-80
• —— apparatus for, [61], [68], [71], [72]
• —— at great depths, [85]
• —— cost of, [80], [209]
• —— chisels, [62], [87], [102], [115], [132]
• —— difficulties of, [80]
• —— direct from surface, [72]
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, [93]
• —— Mather and Platt’s system, [126]-149
• —— machine, Mather and Platt’s, [127]-130
• —— rate of, [207], [208]
• —— rods, [64], [65]
• —— rods, hollow, [80]
• —— sheer-frame [Frontispiece], [72]
• —— tools, [62]-79
• Boston Heath, well at, [191]
• Bow, well at, [191]
• Box-clutch, [107]
• Box-joint for mizer, [57]
• Boxley Wood, well at, [191]
• Braintree, well at, [168], [191]
• Breaking-up bar, [139], [141]
• Brentford, well at, [191]
• Brick steining, [55], [59], [205]
• Bricks, good, characteristics, [205]
• Brickwork in wells, [205]
• Brighton, wells at, [168]
• Broken tubing, [74]-79
• —— rods, extracting, [64], [107], [122]
• Bromley, wells at, [191]
• Broxbourne, well at, [191]
• Bucket, sinkers’, [67], [150]
• Bucket grapnel, [140], [142]
• Bull or clay-iron, [50]

• Bunter sandstone, [35], [36]
• Burton-on-Trent, wells at, [156]
• Bushey, well at, [191]
• Butte-aux-Cailles, well at, [179]
• Camberwell, well at, [191]
• Camden Station, well at, [191]
• Camden Town, wells at, [192]
• Canterbury, well at, [192]
• Carbonic acid in wells, [209]
• Carburetted hydrogen in wells, [210]
• Cartridges for blasting, [50]
• Cast-iron tubes, [66], [143]
• Caterham, well at, [192]
• Cement backing, [111], [112]
• —— ladle for tubbing, [111], [112]
• Chalk, [5], [7]
• —— headings or tunnels in, [54]
• —— level of water in, [8]
• —— marl, [5]
• —— rainfall on, [27]
• Charge of powder, rule for, [45], [46]
• Chelmsford, well at, [169], [192]
• Cheshire, thickness of trias, [36]
• Cheshunt, wells at, [170], [192]
• Chinese system of boring, [60], [61]
• Chisels for boring, [62], [87], [102], [115], [132]
• —— or trepans, [113], [115]
• —— tempering, [209]
• Chiswell Street, well at, [192]
• Chiswick, wells at, [192]
• Clamp for tube well, [81]
• Claw grapnel, [139]
• Clay, [12]
• —— grapnel, [140], [141], [143]
• —— iron or bull, [50]
• Cleaning pipes, tube well, [83]
• —— shot-holes, [49]
• Clewer Green, wells at, [192]
• Cold-drawn wrought-iron tubes, [66]
• Colnbrook, well at, [192]
• Colney Hatch, well at, [192]
• Core box, [206]
• Core grapnel, [140]
• Cost of boring, [80], [209]
• —— of headings in sandstone, [54]
• Covent Garden, well at, [192]
• Coventry, wells at, [155]
• Covered outcrop, [21]
• Cretaceous strata, [167]-201
• Crewe, wells at, [158]
• Cribs, fixing, [94]
• Cricklewood, well at, [192]
• Crow, Kind-Chaudron, [107]
• Crow’s foot, [64]
• Croydon, wells at, [192]
• Curb in underpinning, [40]
• Cutting grapnel, [139], [141]
• Cylinder, Mather and Platt’s, [130]
• Cylinders, iron for lining, [56]
• Dartford Creek, wells at, [193]
• Deep boring, [72], [85]-150
• Defective tubing, [74-79]
• Denham, well at, [193]
• Deptford, well at, [193]
• Depth of rainfall, [26]
• Difficulties of boring, [80]
• Dip-bucket, [150]
• Dogs, [65], [67]
• Dolly, [67], [74]
• Dorking, well at, [171]
• Drainage area, definition, [25]
• Drift, [5]-7, [21], [22]
• —— outcrop covered by, [21]
• Driving tubes, [67], [73], [74]
• —— tube well, [81]-83
• Drum curb, [42]
• Dru’s first trepan, [113]
• —— system, [113]
• —— ——, summary, [126]
• Dudlow Lane well, [160]
• Dulwich, well at, [193]
• Durham, sinkings in, [93]
• —— wells in, [155]
• Dyke, effect of, [4]
• Dynamite, [44]
• Earth-fast, definition, [44]
• East Barnet, well at, [190]
• East Ham Level, well at, [193]
• Edgware, well at, [193]
• Edgware Road, well at, [193]
• Edlesborough, well at, [193]
• Eltham, wells at, [193]
• Enfield Lock, well at, [193]
• Enlarging hole below tubes, [67], [68]
• —— shot-holes, [48]
• Epping, well at, [193]
• Erith, well at, [193]
• Europe, rainfall in, [28], [29]
• Euyenhausen joint, [85], [88]
• Excavation in wells, table of, [204]
• Explosive agents, use of, [45]

• Fan, for ventilation, [52]
• Farnham, well at, [193]
• Fault, effect of, [4]
• Fauvelle’s system, [79]
• Fissures, [2], [12]
• —— in blasting, [46]
• —— in chalk, [8]
• Flat chisels, [62]
• Fleet Street, well at, [193]
• Formation, mineral character of, [11]
• Foul air in wells, [52], [209]
• Four and a half inch steining, [59]
• Free-falling tools, Dru’s, [117]-123
• Freshwater, well at, [187], [188]
• Fulmer, well at, [193]
• Fuse for blasting, [50]
• Gases in wells, [52], [209]
• Gault, [5]
• General conditions of outcrop, [18]
• Geological conditions, epitome of, [10]
• —— —— primary, [4]
• Gneiss, rainfall on, [27]
• Golden Lane, well at, [193]
• Granite, rainfall on, [27]
• Grapin, or clutch, [107]
• Grapnels, [107], [139]-141
• Gravesend, well at, [193]
• Green Lane wells, [160]
• Greensands, [5], [8]
• Greenwich, wells at, [193]
• Grenelle, well at, [85], [179]
• Guides, bore-head, [132]
• ——, Dru’s, for rods, [121]
• Guncotton, [44]
• Gunpowder, [44]
• —— weight of, [49]
• Hackney Road, well at, [193]
• Haggerstone, well at, [194]
• Hainault Forest, well at, [194]
• Half-brick steining, [59]
• Halstead, well at, [194]
• Hammersmith, well at, [194]
• Hampstead, wells at, [194]
• —— Road, wells at, [194]
• Hand-dog, [65]
• Hand-jumpers, [47]
• Hanwell, well at, [194]
• Hard rock, Dru’s system, [125]
• —— —— sinking in, [44], [53]
• Harrow, well at, [171], [194]
• Hastings sand, [5]
• Haverstock Hill, well at, [194]
• Hayes, well at, [194]
• Headings or tunnels, [53], [54]
• Hedgerley, sands and clays at, [17]
• Height of strata above surface, [23]
• Hendon, well at, [194]
• Herne Bay, section at, [12]
• Highbury, wells at, [172], [194]
• Hills or mountains, [5]
• —— drift on, [6]
• —— flat-topped, [20]
• —— outcrop on, [19]
• Hoddesdon, well at, [194]
• Holloway, wells at, [194]
• Hollow rods, [80]
• Hoop-iron, boring with, [60], [61]
• Horizontal strata, [9]
• Hornsey, wells at, [194]
• Horselydown, well at, [194]
• Hoxton, well at, [195]
• Hungerford, section near, [14]
• Hyde Park Corner, well at, [195]
• Hydraulic tube-forcers, [146]-148
• Ickenham, well at, [195]
• Instruments used in blasting, [46]
• Iron cylinders for lining, [56]
• —— drum curb, [42]
• —— for drills and jumpers, [47]
• —— rods, [64], [65], [80], [120]
• —— tubbing, [95], [97], [98]
• Isle of Dogs, well at, [195]
• —— of Grain, well at, [195]
• Isleworth, wells at, [195]
• Islington Green, well at, [195]
• Joints, Kind-Chaudron rod, [105]-107
• —— tubbing, [109]
• —— tube, [75], [143], [144]
• Journal of well-work, [206]
• Jumpers, [47], [48]
• Kensington, wells at, [195]
• Kentish Town, well at, [172], [195]
• Keuper, [5], [35], [36]
• Key, Kind-Chaudron, [105]
• Kilburn, well at, [195]
• Kind-Chaudron system, [93]
• Kind’s moss-joint, [123], [124]
• —— system, [85]-93

• Kind’s system, time employed, [92]
• Kingsbury, well at, [195]
• Kingston-on-Thames, well at, [195]
• Knightsbridge, well at, [195]
• Ladle, cement, for tubbing, [111]
• Lagging of drum curb, [42]
• Lambeth, wells at, [195], [196]
• Lancashire, thickness of trias, [36]
• Lea Bridge, well at, [196]
• Leamington, well at, [158]
• Least resistance, line of, [45], [46], [50]
• Leatherhead, sands and clays at, [17]
• Leek, wells at, [163]
• Leicester Square, well at, [196]
• Lias, [5], [8]
• Lifting dog, [65]
• Lift of rods, [70]
• Limehouse, wells at, [196]
• Line of least resistance, [45], [46], [50]
• Lining or steining wells, [54]-59
• —— tubes for bore-hole, [66], [143], [144]
• Liquorpond Street, well at, [196]
• Lithofracteur, [44]
• Liverpool, wells at, [158]
• London Basin, wells in, [190]-201
• —— average section of strata, [13]
• —— clay, [5]
• —— measurement of sections, [15], [16]
• Long Acre, well at, [196]
• Longton, wells at, [162]
• Loughton, well at, [196]
• Lower Morden, well at, [196]
• —— tertiaries, outcrop of, [23]
• Luton, well at, [196]
• Magnesian limestone, [5], [10]
• Maldon, well at, [196]
• Margate, well at, [196]
• Marylebone Road, well at, [196]
• Mather and Platt’s system, [126]-154
• Measure of water in wells, [204]
• Michelmersh, well at, [176]
• Middlesborough, well at, [163]
• Mile End, wells at, [176], [196]
• Mile End Road, well at, [197]
• Millbank, wells at, [197]
• Mineral character of formation, [11]
• Mitcham, well at, [197]
• Mizers, [56], [57]
• Molasse sandstones, [5]
• Monkey for tube well, [81]
• Monkham Park, well at, [197]
• Mortlake, wells at, [197]
• Moss box, Kind-Chaudron, [110], [111]
• Moss joints, [110], [111], [123]
• Mountain slopes, springs in, [6]
• Mountains or hills, [5]
• Muschelkalk, [35]
• New Barnet, well at, [190]
• New Cross, well at, [197]
• New red sandstone, [5], [8], [35]
• —— —— headings in, [54]
• New Wimbledon, well at, [201]
• Nine-inch steining, [59]
• North America, rainfall, [30], [31]
• Northampton, well at, [166]
• Northolt, well at, [197]
• Norwich crag, [5]
• —— well at, [177]
• Notting Dale, well at, [197]
• —— Hill, well at, [197]
• Number of bricks in wells, [205]
• Observations with rain-gauge, [24]
• Off-take of rods, [70]
• Old Kent Road, well at, [197]
• Old Windsor, wells at, [197]
• Oolitic strata, [5], [8], [166]
• Orange Street, well at, [197]
• Outcrop, [11]
• —— position of, [18]
• —— rainfall on, [11]
• —— rainfall on district, [24]
• Oxford Street, well at, [197]
• Paris, wells at, [179]
• Pass pipes for tubbing, [98]
• —— valves for tubbing, [98]
• Passy, well at, [85], [180]
• Pebble Hill, section at, [14]
• —— beds, [36], [37]
• Peckham, well at, [197]
• Penge, well at, [197]
• Pentonville, wells at, [197]
• Permeability of new red sandstone, [37]
• Permian strata, [155]
• Picker, [58]
• Pimlico, wells at, [197]
• Pinner, well at, [197]
• Pipe-dolly, [67]
• —— iron, [74]
• Plaistow, well at, [197]

• Planes of bedding, [12]
• Plant, Dru’s system, [114], [115]
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, [99]
• —— well sinking, [40]-58
• —— well boring, [61-79]
• Plug, tube straightening, [140], [149]
• Plugs for tamping, [52]
• Ponders End, wells at, [187], [197]
• Porous soils, [8]
• Position of outcrop, [18]
• —— of well, [207]
• Pot mizer, [57]
• Preparations for sinking, [40]
• Pricker, [50]
• Primary beds, [5], [9]
• Principles of blasting, [45]
• Prong grapnel, [139], [149]
• Pudsey Hall, well at, [198]
• Pumps, Mather and Platt’s, [149]-154
• Quantity of brickwork in wells, [205]
• Quicksand, modes of piercing, [98]
• Rainfall, [24]
• —— on new red sandstone, [37]
• —— on outcrop, [11]
• —— tables of, [28]-32
• Rain-gauge, instructions for using, [24]
• Ratcliffe, wells at, [198]
• Rate of boring, [207], [208]
• —— ——, Dru, [123]
• —— of working, Mather and Platt’s, [137]
• Reculvers, section at, [12]
• Regent’s Park, wells at, [198]
• Rhætic beds, [5]
• Richmond, wells at, [198]
• Rimers, [68]
• Riming spring, [68]
• Ring for broken rods, [64]
• River deposits, [22]
• Rock, chisels for, [62], [87], [102], [115], [132]
• —— intersected by dyke, [4]
• —— sinking in, [44]
• Rod guides, Dru’s, [121]
• —— joints, Dru’s, [121]
• —— at Passy, [86], [89]
• Rods, boring, [64], [65]
• —— boring, Dru’s, [120], [121]
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, [101]
• —— remarks on, [126], [127]
• Romford, well at, [198]
• Rope, boring with, [60], [130]
• Ross, well at, [165], [166]
• Rotherhithe, wells at, [198]
• Ruislip, well at, [198]
• Running sands, Dru’s system, [125]
• Saffron Walden, well at, [198]
• St. Helens, wells at, [166]
• Sand, [11]
• —— Mather and Platt’s system, [143]
• Sandhurst, well at, [198]
• Sandstone, new red, [35]
• Sandwich, well at, [198]
• Scaffolding for boring, [71]
• Scratcher, [58]
• Screw grapnel, [139], [142]
• Screw-jacks, [144], [145]
• Searching for water, [9]
• Secondary beds, [5]
• Setting rain-gauge, [24]
• Shallow surface springs, [21]
• Sheer-frame, boring, _Frontispiece_, [72]
• Sheer-legs, [69]
• Sheerness, wells at, [198]
• Shell, [63], [122]
• —— at Passy, [90]
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, [105]
• —— or auger, [63]
• —— pump, Mather and Platt’s, [134], [136]
• —— —— jammed, [141], [142]
• Shoreditch, well at, [198]
• Shorne Meade Fort, well at, [198]
• Shortlands, well at, [199]
• Shot-holes, boring, [48]
• —— in wet stone, [50]
• Sinkers’ bucket, [67], [150]
• Sinking mine shafts, [93]
• —— plant for, [96]
• —— with drum curb, [42]
• Sinkings in Durham, [93]
• —— in hard rock, [44]-53, [94]
• Site for rain-gauge, [24]
• Slate, rainfall on, [27]
• Slope of hills, outcrop on, [19]
• Slough, wells at, [199]
• Small-shot system in blasting, [44]
• Smithfield, well at, [199]
• Snow, measuring fall of, [25]
• South America, rainfall, [31]
• Southend, well at, [199]
• Southwark, wells at, [199]
• Speed of holing with hand-drills, [48]

• Spitalfields, well at, [199]
• Spithead, well at, [146]
• Spring, definition, [1]
• —— cutter for tubes, [78], [79]
• —— darts, [67]
• —— pole, [61]
• Springs, [1], [2]
• —— in alluvium, [7]
• —— in drift, [6]
• —— in chalk, [7]
• —— in permeable strata, [1]
• —— surface, [21]
• Staffordshire, thickness of trias, [36]
• —— wells in, [162], [163]
• Steam jet for ventilation, [52]
• Steel for drills, [47]
• Steining, [40], [43], [54-59]
• Stemmer or tamping bar, [51]
• Step-ladder, [139], [141]
• Stifford, well at, [199]
• Stockwell Green, wells at, [199]
• Stone steining, [55]
• Storing well-water, [206]
• Strata, disturbances of the, [32]
• —— table of, [202], [203]
• Stratford, wells at, [199]
• Stratified rock, blasting in, [46]
• Streatham, well at, [199]
• Stud-block, [66]
• Sudbury, well at, [199]
• Sulphuretted hydrogen in wells, [210]
• Superficial area, extent of, [11]
• Superintending well-work, hints on, [206]
• Surface, height of strata above, [23]
• —— of outcrop, [11]
• —— springs, [21]
• Swanage, Dorset, well at, [167]
• Tables of excavation in wells, [204]
• —— rainfall, [28]-32
• —— of strata, [202], [203]
• Tamping, [50], [51]
• —— bar, [51]
• —— tools, [50]-52
• T-chisels, [62]
• Tempering boring chisels, [209]
• Tertiary beds, [5]
• —— district, division of, [34]
• Testing machine, for tubbing, [108], [109]
• Thames Street, Upper, well at, [200]
• Tillers, [62], [65]
• Timber steining, [55]
• Tongs, [67]
• Tools for well boring, [62]-79
• Top rods, [65], [66]
• Tottenham, wells at, [199]
• Tottenham Court Road, well at, [199]
• Tower Hill, well at, [199]
• Trafalgar Square, well at, [199]
• Trepan at Passy, [85]
• —— Dru’s first, [113]
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, [101]-105
• —— Kind’s, [86], [87]
• Trias strata, [35], [36], [155]
• Tubbing, [94], [95]
• —— pass pipes for, [98]
• —— placing Kind-Chaudron, [108], [109]
• —— testing machine for, [108], [109]
• Tube clamps, [67]
• —— forcing apparatus, [74], [144]-148
• —— grapnel, [139], [149]
• —— joints, [66], [75]
• —— well, American, [81]
• Tubes, [66], [143]
• Tubing, when necessary, [73]
• Tunnels or headings, [53], [54]
• Underpinning, [40]
• Upchurch, wells at, [199], [200]
• Upper Thames Street, well, at, [200]
• Uxbridge, wells at, [200]
• Valleys, drift in, [6]
• —— outcrop in, [18]
• Valve for mizer, [56], [57]
• Valves for shell, [64], [122], [123], [134]
• Vauxhall, well at, [200]
• V-chisels, [62]
• Wad-hook, [64]
• Waltham Abbey, well at, [200]
• Walthamstow Marsh, well at, [200]
• Wandsworth, wells at, [200]
• Warwickshire, thickness of trias, [36]
• Water in new red sandstone, [38]
• —— measure and weight in wells, [204]
• —— searching for, [9]
• Water-bearing deposits, value of, [10]
• —— strata, height of, above surface, [23]
• —— —— sinking through, [56], [93]
• Well, Artesian, definition, [2]
• —— —— causes of failure, [2]-4
• —— boring, [60]-80
• —— sinking, [40]

• Well-water, storing, [206]
• Wealden clay, [5]
• Wedging cribs, [94], [95]
• Weight of water in wells, [204]
• Westbourne Grove, well at, [200]
• West Drayton, wells at, [200]
• West Ham, wells at, [102]
• West India Dock, well at, [201]
• Westminster, wells at, [201]
• Wet stone, shot-holes in, [50]
• Whitechapel, wells at, [201]
• Willesden, well at, [201]
• Wimbledon, wells at, [201]
• Windsor station well, [160]
• Windsor, wells at, [201]
• —— wells at Old, [197]
• Winchfield, well at, [189]
• Windlass, [42], [60], [72]
• Winkfield Plain, well at, [201]
• Witham, well at, [201]
• Withdrawing tools, [64]
• Withdrawing tubes, [74]-79
• Wolverhampton, wells at, [166]
• Wooden drum curb, [41], [42]
• —— rods, [89], [101], [106]
• Wood tubbing, [95]
• Woodley Lodge, well at, [201]
• Woolwich beds, [5]
• —— wells at, [201]
• Worm-auger, [64]
• Wormley, wells at, [201]
• Wormwood Scrubbs, well at, [201]
• Wrought-iron tubes, [66]

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

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[E. & F. N. SPON’S NEW BOOKS.]

Crown 4to, cloth, 36s.

Pyrology; or, Fire Chemistry.
A Science interesting to the general Philosopher, and an Art of infinite importance to the Chemist, Mineralogist, Metallurgist, Geologist, Agriculturist, Engineer (Mining, Civil, and Military), &c., &c. By William Alexander Ross, lately a Major in the Royal Artillery.

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Crown 8vo, cloth, 8s.

Electricity: Its Theory, Sources, and Applications.
By John T. Sprague, Member of the Society of Telegraph Engineers. With 91 Woodcuts and 30 valuable Tables.

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Crown 4to, cloth, 15s.

The Draughtsman’s Handbook of Plan and Map
Drawing, including Instructions for the preparation of Engineering, Architectural, and Mechanical Drawings, with numerous Illustrations and Coloured Examples. By G. G. André, F.G.S., Member of the Society of Engineers, Assoc. Inst. C.E.

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Second Edition, royal 8vo, cloth, 12s. 6d.

A Practical Treatise on the Science of Land and
Engineering Surveying, Levelling, Estimating Quantities, &c. With a General Description of the several Instruments required for Surveying, Levelling, Plotting, &c. By H. S. Merritt. 41 fine Plates, with Illustrations and Tables.

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The Autobiography of Sir John Rennie, past
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Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.

Arbitrations: a Text-Book for Surveyors, in
tabulated form. By Banister Fletcher, A.R.I.B.A., Author of ‘Model Houses,’ ‘Dilapidations,’ ‘Compensations,’ &c.

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32mo, roan, 4s. 6d.; or cloth, 3s. 6d.

Spons’ Architects’ and Builders’ Pocket-Book of
useful Memoranda and Prices for 1875. By W. Young, Architect, Author of ‘Picturesque Architectural Studies,’&c.

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Practical Geometry and Engineering Drawing.
A Course of Descriptive Geometry, adapted for the requirements of the Engineering Draughtsman, including the Determination of Cast Shadows and Isometric Projection, each chapter being followed by numerous Examples. To the above are added Rules for Shading, Shade-Lining, &c., together with practical Instructions as to the Lining, Colouring, Printing, and general Treatment of Engineering Drawings. By George S. Clarke, Lieut. Royal Engineers, Instructor in Mechanical Drawing, Royal Indian Engineering College, Coopers Hill.

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The Liverpool Waterworks.
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Dry Rot.
A Treatise on the Origin, Progress, Prevention, and Cure of Dry Rot in Timber, Remarks on the Means of Preserving Wood from Destruction by Sea-Worms, Beetles, Ants, &c. By Thomas Allen Britton, late Surveyor to the Metropolitan Board of Works, &c., &c.

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Mining Engineering.
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Slide Valve.—On Designing Valve Gearing.
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Catalogue of Books
RELATING TO
PRACTICAL SCIENCE
PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY
E. & F. N. SPON.
LONDON: 48, CHARING CROSS. NEW YORK: 446, BROOME STREET.

Architects’ Handbook.
		A Handbook of Formulæ, Tables, and Memoranda,for Architectural Surveyors and others engaged inBuilding, by J. T. Hurst, C.E., tenth edition,thoroughly revised and re-written, royal 32mo, roan	5 0
Andre’s Handbook of Mapping.
		Containing Instructions for the Preparation ofEngineering, Architectural, and Mechanical Drawings,with numerous coloured examples, crown 4to, cloth	15 0
Blast-Furnace.
		Researches on the Action of the Blast-Furnace, by Charles Schintz,translated from the German by W. H. Maw, and Moritz Müller,plates, crown 8vo, cloth	8 6
Bridges.
		Estimates and Diagrams of Railway Bridges for Turnpike, Public andOccupation Roads, in the Embankments of Double or Single Lines, andCuttings of Double Lines, with Form for Calculating Quantities in SkewStructures, etc.; also Culverts of various dimensions, and at StationBuildings, by J. W. Grover, M.I.C.E., second edition, enlarged, with37 coloured plates, folio, cloth	31 6
Bridges.
		Iron and Timber Railway Superstructures and General Works;giving Dimensions and Quantities for the Standard 4ft.81⁄2in. gauge and the Mètre 3ft.33⁄8in. gauge, with some Earthwork Tablesand Outlines of a Specification and Requirements, by J. W. Grover, M.Inst. C.E., folio, cloth	£2 2 0
Bridges.
		The Strains upon Bridge Girders and Roof Trusses, including the Warren,Lattice, Trellis, Bowstring, and other Forms of Girders, the CurvedRoof, and Simple and Compound Trusses, by Thos. Cargill, C.E.B.A.,T.C.D., Assoc. Inst. C.E., Member of the Society of Engineers, with 64illustrations, drawn and worked out to scale, 8vo, cloth	12 6
Bridges.
		Construction of the Great Victoria Bridge, in Canada,by James Hodges, Engineer to Messrs. Peto, Brassey,and Betts, Contractors, vol. 1, imp. 4to, illustratedwith 17 coloured plates, and numerous wood engravings;vol. 2, royal folio, containing 28 double and 19 singleplates, together 2 vols., half-bound in morocco	£4 14 6
Bridges.
		Long-Span Railway Bridges, comprising Investigationsof the Comparative Theoretical and PracticalAdvantages of the various adopted or proposed TypeSystems of Construction, with numerous Formulæand Tables giving the weight of Iron or Steel requiredin Bridges from 300 feet to the limiting Spans; towhich are added similar Investigations and Tablesrelating to Short-Span Railway Bridges, second andrevised edition, by B. Baker, Assoc. Inst. C.E., plates,crown 8vo, cloth	5 6
Builders’ Price-Book.
		Spons’ Builders’ Pocket-Book of Prices and Memoranda,edited by W. Young, architect, royal 32mo, roan	4 6
		or cloth, vermillion edges	3 6
		Published Annually.
Cabinet Making.
		The Cabinet Maker; being a Collection of the mostapproved designs in the Mediæval, Louis-Seize, andOld English styles, for the use of Cabinet Makers,Carvers, etc., by R. Charles, 96 plates, folio, half-bound	21 0
Carpentry.
		Elementary principles of Carpentry, by ThomasTredgold, revised from the original edition, andpartly re-written, by John Thomas Hurst, containedin 517 pages of letterpress, and illustrated with 48plates and 150 wood engravings, second edition, crown8vo, handsomely bound in cloth	18 0
Compensations.
		Compensations, a Text-book for Surveyors, in tabulatedform, by Banister Fletcher, crown 8vo, cloth	5 0
Coffee.
		The Coffee Planter of Ceylon, by William Sabonadière,with an Appendix, containing various extractsand letters from other authority, bearing on the samesubject, second edition, enlarged and revised, illustratedby plates and wood engravings, crown 8vo, cloth	7 6
Coffee and Chicory.
		Coffee and Chicory; the Culture, Chemical Composition,Preparation for Market, and Consumption,with simple tests for detecting adulteration, and practicalhints for the Producer and Consumer, by P. L.Simmonds, F.S.S., author of ‘The Commercial Productsof the Vegetable Kingdom,’ ‘Dictionary ofProducts,’ etc., etc., illustrated by numerous woodengravings, post 8vo, cloth	2 0
Cotton Cultivation.
		Cotton Cultivation in its various details, the Barrageof Great Rivers, and Instructions for Irrigating,Embanking, Draining, and Tilling Land in Tropicaland other Countries possessing high thermometrictemperatures, especially adapted to the improvementof the cultural soils of India, by Joseph Gibbs,Member Institute Civil Engineers, with 5 plates,crown 8vo, cloth	7 6
Curves, Railway.
		Treatise on the setting out of Railway Curves, withfull Tables of the Angles, Distances, and Offsetsrequired, especially arranged for the use of Measurementsin feet and imperial links, but also adapted forthe use of any other unit of Measurement, by DavidLivingstone, crown 8vo, cloth	10 6
Curve Tables.
		Tables for setting out Railway Curves, arranged byChas. Pullar Hogg, C.E., a series of cards arrangedfor Manipulation, with a sheet of Explanations andExamples, in neat cloth case	4 6
Dilapidations.
		Dilapidations, a Text-book for Architects and Surveyors,in tabulated form, by Banister Fletcher, FellowRoyal Inst. Brit. Arch. (Author of Model Houses),showing who are liable for Dilapidations,and the extent of the liability of Lessors, Lessees,Tenants at will, Tenants by elegit, Statute, Merchant,or Staple Tenants in fee simple, Tenants in tail, Tenantsfor life, Tenants for years without impeachmentof waste, Mortgagor, Mortgagee in possession, YearlyTenants, Tenants in common, and joint Tenants,Rights of comparceners, also what are dilapidationsand waste, and further fully instructs the surveyorhow to take and value them, to which is added theduties of surveyors, with a table of legal cases, embracingthe most recent, and illustrated throughout byexamples drawn from the author’s experience, andlatest legal decisions, crown 8vo, cloth	5 0
Earthwork Tables.
		Tables for Computing the Contents of Earthwork inthe Cuttings and Embankments of Railways, by W.Macgregor, royal 8vo, cloth	6 0
Economy in the Use of Steam.
		A Statement of the Principles on which a Saving ofSteam can be best effected, by Frank Salter, B.Sc.,crown 8vo	3 6
Electrical Standards.
		Reports of the Committee on Electrical Standardsappointed by the British Association, revised by SirW. Thomsom, Dr. J. P. Joule, Professors Clark,Maxwell, and Fleeming Jenkin, with a Report to theRoyal Society on Units of Electrical Resistance, byProf. F. Jenkin, edited by Professor FleemingJenkin, F.R.S., plates, 8vo, cloth	9 0
Electric Telegraph.
		Electrical Tables and Formulæ for the Use of TelegraphInspectors and Operators, compiled by LatimerClark and Robert Sabine, with wood engravings,crown 8vo, cloth	12 6
Engineering.
		Spons’ Dictionary of Engineering, Civil, Mechanical,Military, and Naval, with technical terms in French,German, Italian, and Spanish, 3100 pp., and nearly8000 engravings, super-royal 8vo, in
	8 divisions, cloth 13s. 6d. each		£5 8 0
	8 „ half-morocco		£6 8 0
	8 „ French morocco		£7 4 0
	Complete in 3 vols., cloth		£5 5 0
	Bound in a superior manner, half-morocco, top edgegilt, 3 vols.		£6 12 0
Engineers’ Companion.
		The Office and Cabin Companion for Engineers andOfficers of Steam Vessels, consisting of observations,rules, and tables to facilitate such Calculations asNaval Officers and Engineers are called upon to make,by J. Simond Holland, second edition, 12mo, cloth	3 0
Engineering Drawing.
		An Elementary Treatise on Orthographic Projection,being a new Method of Teaching the Science ofMechanical and Engineering Drawing, intended forthe Instruction of Engineers, Architects, Builders,Smiths, Masons, and Bricklayers, and for the use ofSchools, with numerous illustrations on wood and steel,by William Binns, Associate Institute Civil Engineers,late Master of the Mechanical Drawing Classat the Department of Science and Art, and at theSchool of Mines, formerly Professor of AppliedMechanics, at the College for Civil Engineers, etc.,eighth edition, 8vo, cloth	9 0
	Mr. Binns’ system of Mechanical Drawing is in successfuloperation in all the Art Schools of the United Kingdom.
Engineering Drawing.
		The Second Course of Orthographic Projection;being a continuation of the new Method of Teachingthe Science of Mechanical and Engineering Drawing;with some Practical Remarks on the Teeth of Wheels,the Projection of Shadows, Principles of Shading, and the Practice of Making to Scale Drawings fromActual Machinery. Intended for the Instruction ofEngineers, Architects, Builders, Smiths, Masons,and Bricklayers, and for the use of Science Schools andClasses, with numerous illustrations, by Wm. Binns,Consulting Engineer, Associate I.C.E., late Master ofthe Mechanical Drawing Class, at the Department ofScience and Art, and at the Royal School of Mines;formerly Professor of Applied Mechanics at the Collegefor Civil Engineers, etc., 8vo, cloth	10 6
Engineers’ Pocket-Book.
		The Pocket-Book of Pocket-Books, being Molesworthand Hurst’s Pocket-Books, printed on Indiapaper, bound together in one volume, royal 32mo,Russia, gilt edges	12 6
Engineers’ Pocket-Book.
		A Pocket-Book of Useful Formulæ and Memoranda,for Civil and Mechanical Engineers, by Guilford L.Molesworth, Mem. Ins. C.E., Consulting Engineerto the Government of India for State Railways,eighteenth edition, revised, with considerable additionsby the author; together with a valuable contributionon Telegraphs, by R. S. Brough, 32mo, roan	6 0
	Ditto, interleaved with ruled paper for Office use		9 0
	Ditto, printed on India paper, for the waistcoat pocket		6 0
Engineers’ Price-Book.
		Appleby’s Illustrated Handbook of Machinery andIron Work, with the Cost, the Working Expenses,and the Results obtained in the use of Steam andHand Cranes, Pumps, Fixed and Portable SteamEngines, and various other Machines; with WeightMeasurement, etc., etc.; also Prices of Tools, IronWorks, Stores and Materials required by Civil andMechanical Engineers, Merchants, and others;together with numerous Tables and Memoranda,by Appleby Bros., Engineers, many hundred woodengravings, 8vo, cloth	12 6
Engineers’ Tables.
		Spons’ Tables and Memoranda for Engineers, selectedand arranged by J. T. Hurst, C.E., Author of ‘ArchitecturalSurveyors’ Handbook,’ ‘Hurst’s Tredgold’sCarpentry,’ etc., 64mo, roan, gilt edges, second edition	1 0
	Or in cloth case		1 6
French Measures.
		French Measures and English Equivalents, by JohnBrook. For the use of Engineers, Manufacturers ofIron, Draughtsmen, etc., 18mo, roan	1 0
“In a series of compact tablesthe English values of the French measuresare arranged from one to a thousand millimètres, and from one to a hundredmètres; the fractions of an inch progressing in sixteenths are also reducedto French values. The little book will be found useful to almost every engineer.”—Engineering.
French-Polishing.
		The French-Polisher’s Manual, by a French-Polisher,containing Timber Staining, Washing, Matching,Improving, Painting, Imitations, Directions forStaining, Sizing, Embodying, Smoothing, SpiritVarnishing, French-Polishing, Directions for Re-polishing,royal 32mo, sewed	0 6
Gas.
		Analysis, Technical Valuation, Purification and Useof Coal Gas, by the Rev. W. R. Bowditch, M.A.,with wood engravings, 8vo, cloth	12 6
Gas Works.
		Instructions for the Management of Gas Works, byW. C. Holmes, Engineer, 8vo, cloth	4 0
Gunner’s Pocket-Book.
		Bridges’ Gunner’s Pocket-Book, compiled by CaptainT. W. Bridges, H.P. Royal Artillery, crown 32mo,roan, 1s.; or morocco	1 6
Handrailing.
		Handrailing cut square to the Plank, without aFalling Mould, as discovered and taught at theMechanics’ Institution, Liverpool, by John Jones,Staircase Builder, containing seven plates, with fullinstructions for working them, fol. boards	6 0
Hydraulics.
		Practical Hydraulics: a Series of Rules and Tablesfor the use of Engineers, etc., etc., by Thomas Box,fourth edition, numerous plates, post 8vo, cloth	5 0
Iron.
		Iron as a material of Construction, forming a Handbookfor the use of Students in Engineering, byWilliam Pole, C.E., F.R.S., cuts, post 8vo, cloth	6 0
Iron and Steel.
		The Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, editedby Jno. Jones, F.G.S., and David Forbes, F.R.S.,published half-yearly, 8vo, each Part	7 6
Indian Engineering.
		India and Indian Engineering: Three Lecturesdelivered at the Royal Engineer Institute, Chatham,in July, 1872, by Julius George Medley, Lieut.-Col.R.E., Assoc. Inst. C.E., Fellow of the CalcuttaUniversity, Principal Thomason Civil EngineeringCollege, Roorkee, crown 8vo, cloth	3 0
Link-Motion.
		Link-Motion and Expansion-Gear practically considered,by N. P. Burgh, Engineer, illustrated with90 plates and 229 wood engravings, small 4to, handsomelyhalf-bound in morocco	£2 2 0
Mechanical Engineering.
		The Mechanician and Constructor for Engineers, comprising Forging, Planing, Lining, Slotting, Shaping, Turning, Screw-cutting, etc., by Cameron Knight, illustrated by 96 4to plates, containing 1147 illustrations, and 397 pages of letterpress, 4to, cloth	£2 10 0
	Or, half-bound French morocco		£2 12 6
Mechanics.
		The Essential Elements of Practical Mechanics, basedon the principle of work, designed for EngineeringStudents, by Oliver Byrne, formerly Professor ofMathematics, College for Civil Engineers, secondedition, illustrated by numerous wood engravings, post8vo, cloth	7 6
Mechanics.
		The Principles of Mechanics and their Applicationto Prime Movers, Naval Architecture, Iron Bridges,Water Supply, etc., by W. J. Millar, C.E., Secretaryto the Institution of Civil Engineers and Shipbuilders,Scotland, crown 8vo, cloth	4 6
Metric Weights and Measures.
		Scales for the Ready Comparison of British andMetric Weights and Measures, by A. L. Newdigate,M.A., in neat cloth case	5 0
Military Terms.
		A Handy Dictionary of Military Terms, by Major W.W. Knollys, F.R.G.S., 93rd Sutherland Highlanders,Garrison Instructor, Home District, etc., 18mo, cloth	2 0
Mill Gearing.
		A Practical Treatise on Mill Gearing, Wheels, Shafts,Riggers, etc., for the use of Engineers, by ThomasBox, post 8vo, cloth, with eight plates	5 0
Millwright’s Guide.
		The Practical Millwright’s and Engineer’s ReadyReckoner, or Tables for finding the diameter andpower of cog-wheels, diameter, weight and power ofshafts, diameter and strength of bolts, etc., byThomas Dixon, fourth edition, 12mo, cloth	3 0
Mine Engineering.
		A Practical Treatise on Coal Mining, by George G.André, Mining Civil Engineer, F.G.S., Assoc. Inst.C.E., numerous plates, 2 vols., royal 4to, cloth	£3 12 0
Mining.
		Records of Mining and Metallurgy; or, Facts andMemoranda for the use of the Mine Agent andSmelter, by J. Arthur Phillips and John Darlington,in crown 8vo, cloth, illustrated with wood engravings	4 0
Oilman’s Calculator.
		The Oilman’s Calculator, containing Tables showingthe Conversion in Imperial Gallons of any Weightof Oil of a specific Gravity of from ·700 to ·960, from1 lb. to 400 cwt.; Prices per Gallon equivalent toPrices per Ton at 16 different Weights, from £3 to£100; Contents of Circular Tanks in Imperial Gallonsfrom 3 feet to 36 feet diameter; Conversion ofForeign Moneys and Weights into British Value,etc., by James Ireland, 8vo	7 6
Pyrology.
		Pyrology, or Fire Chemistry; a Science interestingto the general Philosopher, and an art of infiniteimportance to the Chemist, Mineralogist, Metallurgist,Geologist, Agriculturalist, Engineer (Mining, Civil,and Military), etc., etc., by William Alexander Ross,lately a Major in the Royal Artillery, with plates andwoodcuts, crown 4to, cloth	£1 16 0
“A work which we have no hesitation in pronouncing original and invaluable.The author is not a chemist trained in the orthodox school outside which thereis no salvation: for cooked results and unproved theories he shows very littlerespect. We can strongly recommend this book to Analysts, Assayers,Mineralogists, and to all persons interested in Mining and Metallurgy.”—Chemical News, August 6th, 1875.
Railway Engineering.
		Manual of Railway Engineering, for the Field and theOffice, by Charles P. Cotton, C.E., second edition,revised and enlarged, post 8vo, cloth	7 6
Rennie, Sir John.
		The Autobiography of Sir John Rennie, Past-Presidentof the Institution of Civil Engineers, F.R.S.,etc., etc., edited by his son, C. G. C. Rennie, withportrait, 8vo, cloth	12 6
Reservoirs.
		On the Construction of Catch-water Reservoirs inMountain Districts for the supply of Towns, or forother purposes, by C. H. Beloe, Author of ‘TheHandbook of the Liverpool Waterworks,’ plates, 8vo,cloth	5 0
Retaining Walls.
		Surcharged and different Forms of Retaining Walls,by J. S. Tate, cuts, 8vo, sewed	2 0
Ropemaking.
		A Treatise on Ropemaking as practised in public andprivate Rope-yards, with a description of the manufacture,rules, tables of weights, etc., adapted to theTrade, Shipping, Mining, Railways, Builders, etc., byR. Chapman, formerly foreman to Messrs. Huddartand Co., Limehouse, and late Master Ropemaker toH.M. Dockyard, Deptford, second edition, 12mo, cloth	3 0
Sanitary Engineering.
		Proceedings of the Association of Municipal andSanitary Engineers and Surveyors, Vol. I., 1873-4,edited by Lewis Angell, Mem. Inst. C.E., F.R.I.B.A.,etc., etc., 8vo, cloth	10 6
	Ditto, Vol. II.		7 6
Sanitary Engineering.
		A Series of Lectures given before the School ofEngineering, Chatham. Division I. Air. DivisionII. Water. Division III. The Dwelling. DivisionIV. The Town and Village. Division V. The Disposalof Sewage. Copiously illustrated. By J. BaileyDenton, C.E., F.G.S., Honorary Member of the AgriculturalSocieties of Norway, Sweden, and Hanover,and Author of the ‘Farm Homesteads of England,’‘Storage of Water,’ etc., etc., royal 8vo, cloth	21 0
Sanitary Works Abroad.
		Report of the Commission appointed to proposeMeasures for Remedying the Pollution of the Seine;with a Description of the Works in course of executionfor the Sewerage of Berlin, and the Applicationof Sewage to Irrigation at Marienfelder and Falkenburg.Translated from the French by RobertManning, M. Inst. C.E., Chief Engineer to HerMajesty’s Board of Public Works in Ireland, 8vo,sewed	2 0
Sewage.
		A Handbook of Sewage Utilization, by Ulick RalphBurke, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, crown 8vo, cloth	3 6
This work treats: I. Of the evils of the present System of Sewage Treatment,the Pollution of Water, and the Waste of Manure. II. Remedies, Privy, andAsh-pit; Eureka System; Milan, Goul, and Moule’s Systems. III. Treatmentof Sewage by Chemical means; Experiments with Lime; Lime and Chloride ofIron; Sulphate of Ammonia; Holden’s Process; Sulphate of Alumina; Persaltsof Iron; Blyth, Lenk, Phospate, A.B.C., Scott, and Hille Processes; Filtration.IV. Irrigation. With an Appendix, including the Law relating to SewageUtilization.
Sewage.
		The Sewage Question on the Treatment and Utilizationof Sewage, the Preparation of Land for Irrigation,and for Intermittent Downward Filtration, byJ. Bailey Denton, Mem. Inst. C.E., F.G.S., 8vo, sewed	2 0
Silver Mines.
		Vazeeri Rupi, the Silver Country of the Vazeers, inKulu: its Beauties, Antiquities, and Silver Mines,including a Trip over the lower Himalayah Range andGlaciers, by J. Calvert, F.G.S., Mem. Inst. C.E.,illustrated with a map and coloured plates, 8vo, cloth	16 0
Slide Valve.
		The Slide Valve practically considered, by N. P.Burgh, Engineer, seventh edition, containing 88 illustrationsand 121 pages of letterpress, crown 8vo, cloth	5 0
Slide Valve. Designing Valve Gearing.
		A Treatise on a Practical Method of Designing SlideValve Gearing, by Simple Geometrical Construction,based upon the principles enunciated in Euclid’s Elements,and comprising the various forms of PlainSlide Valve and Expansion Gearing; together withStephenson’s, Gooch’s, and Allan’s Link-Motions, asapplied either to reversing or to variable expansioncombinations, by Edward J. Cowling Welch, Memb.Inst. Mechanical Engineers, crown 8vo, cloth	6 0
The system described in this work enables any draughtsmen or foreman to“get out” in a few minutes, and with the greatest precision, all the details of aSlide Valve Gear, without recourse to models or other similar appliances.
Steam Boilers.
		Practical Treatise on Steam Boilers and Boiler-making,by N. P. Burgh, Mem. Inst. Mec. Eng., illustratedby 1163 wood engravings and 50 large foldingplates of working drawings, royal 4to, half-morocco	£3 13 6
Steam Engine.
		Modern Marine Engineering applied to Paddle andScrew Propulsion; consisting of 36 plates, 259 woodengravings, and 403 pages of descriptive matter, thewhole being an exposition of the present practice ofthe following firms: Messrs. J. Penn and Sons;Maudslay, Sons, and Field; James Watt and Co.;J. and G. Rennie; R. Napier and Sons; J. and W.Dudgeon; Ravenhill and Hodgson; Humphreys andTenant; Mr. J. F. Spencer; and Messrs. Foresterand Co. By N. P. Burgh, Engineer, 4to, cloth	£2 5 0
Steam Engine.
		Modern Compound Engines, being a Supplement toModern Marine Engineering, by N. P. Burgh, Mem.Inst. Mech. Eng., numerous large plates of workingdrawings, 4to, cloth	18 0
The following Firms have contributed Working Drawings of their best andmost modern examples of Engines fitted in the Royal and Mercantile Navies:Messrs. Maudslay, Rennie, Watt, Dudgeon, Humphreys, Ravenhill, Jackson,Perkins, Napier, Elder, Laird, Day, Allibon.
Steam Engine.
		Practical Treatise on the Condensation of Steam:contained in 262 pages of letterpress, and illustratedwith 212 engravings, by N. P. Burgh, Engineer,super-royal 8vo, cloth	£1 5 0
Steam Engine.
		A Pocket-Book of Practical Rules for the Proportionsof Modern Engines and Boilers for Land and Marinepurposes, by N. P. Burgh, fifth edition, revised, withAppendix, royal 32mo, roan	4 6
Details of High-Pressure Engine, Beam Engine, Condensing, Marine ScrewEngines, Oscillating Engines, Valves, etc., Land and Marine Boilers, Proportionsof Engines produced by the rules, Proportions of Boilers, etc.
Steep Gradients on Railways.
		A Treatise on the Improved Method for overcomingSteep Gradients on Railways, whereby an ordinarylocomotive capable of hauling a given load up a gradient1 in 80, can take the same up 1 in 8, by HenryHandyside, 8vo, sewed	1 0
Strength of Beams.
		On the Strength of Beams, Columns, and Arches,considered with a view to deriving methods of ascertainingthe practical strength of any given section ofBeam, Column, or Arch, in Cast-iron, Wrought-iron,or Steel, by B. Baker, numerous cuts, crown 8vo, cloth	9 0
Strength of Beams.
		New Formulas for the loads and Deflections of SolidBeams and Girders, by William Donaldson, M.A.,Assoc. Inst. C.E., 8vo, cloth	4 6
Sugar.
		The Practical Sugar Planter; a complete account ofthe cultivation and manufacture of the sugar-cane,according to the latest and most improved processes,describing and comparing the different systems pursuedin the East and West Indies, and the Straits ofMalacca, and the relative expenses and advantagesattendant upon each, being the result of sixteen years’experience of a sugar planter in those countries, byLeonard Wray, Esq., with numerous illustrations,8vo, cloth	10 6
Short Logarithms.
		Short Logarithmic and other Tables, intended tofacilitate Practical Calculation, and for solving ArithmeticalProblems in class, by Professor W. C. Unwin,8vo, cloth	2 0
Sulphuric Acid.
		The Chemistry of Sulphuric Acid Manufacture, byHenry Arthur Smith, cuts, crown 8vo, cloth	4 6
Surveying.
		The Principles and Practice of Engineering, Trigonometrical,Subterraneous, and Marine Surveying, byCharles Bourne, C.E., third edition, numerous platesand woodcuts, 8vo, cloth	5 0
Surveying.
		A Practical Treatise on the Science of Land and EngineeringSurveying, Levelling, Estimating Quantities,etc., with a general description of the severalInstruments required for Surveying, Levelling, Plotting,etc., by H. S. Merrett, 41 fine plates, with illustrationsand tables, royal 8vo, cloth, second edition	12 6
Table of Logarithms.
		Table of Logarithms of the Natural Numbers, from1 to 108,000, by Charles Babbage, Esq., M.A.,stereotyped edition, royal 8vo, cloth	7 6
Tables of Squares and Cubes.
		Barlow’s Tables of Squares, Cubes, Square Roots,Cube Roots, Reciprocals of all Integer Numbers upto 10,000, post 8vo, cloth	6 0
Teeth of Wheels.
		Camus (M.) Treatise on the Teeth of Wheels, demonstratingthe best forms which can be given to themfor the purposes of Machinery, such as Mill-work andClock-work, and the art of finding their numbers,translated from the French, third edition, carefullyrevised and enlarged, with details of the presentpractice of Millwrights, Engine Makers, and otherMachinists, by Isaac Hawkins, illustrated by 18plates, 8vo, cloth	5 0
Telegraphy.
		Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers,including original Communications on Telegraphyand Electrical Science, edited by Major Frank Boltonand G. E. Preece, Parts I. to XII., demy 8vo, sewed,with wood engravings, each	5 0
		To be continued quarterly.
Torpedo Warfare.
		A Treatise on Coast Defence; based on the experiencegained by Officers of the Corps of Engineers ofthe Army of the Confederate States, and compiledfrom Official Reports of Officers of the Navy of theUnited States, made during the North American Warfrom 1861 to 1865, by Von Scheliha, Lieutenant-Coloneland Chief Engineer of the Department ofthe Gulf of Mexico, of the Army of the late ConfederateStates of America; with numerous fine plates,imperial 8vo, cloth, top edge gilt	15 0
Trevithick.
		The Life of Richard Trevithick (Inventor of theHigh-pressure Steam-engine), with an account of hisInventions, by Francis Trevithick, C.E., 2 vols.,medium 8vo, cloth, illustrated by a steel portrait,lithographs, and numerous beautiful wood engravings,including many accurate illustrations of Cornwall, itsMines, and Mining Machinery, reduced to	12 6
Turbine.
		A Practical Treatise on the Construction of Horizontaland Vertical Waterwheels, with 11 plates, speciallydesigned for the use of operative Mechanics, byWilliam Cullen, Millwright and Engineer, secondedition, revised and enlarged, small 4to, cloth	12 6
Turning.
		The Practice of Hand-turning in Wood, Ivory, Shell,etc., with Instructions for Turning such work inMetal as may be required in the Practice of Turningin Wood, Ivory, etc.; also an Appendix on OrnamentalTurning, by Francis Campin, second edition,with wood engravings, crown 8vo, cloth (a book forbeginners)	6 0
Valve-Gears.
		Treatise on Valve-Gears, with special considerationof the Link-Motions of Locomotive Engines, by Dr.Gustav Zeuner, third edition, revised and enlarged,translated from the German, with the special permissionof the author, by Moritz Müller, plates, 8vo, cloth	12 6
Ventilation.
		Health and Comfort in House Building, or Ventilationwith Warm Air by Self-acting Suction Powder, withReview of the mode of Calculating the Draught inHot-air Flues, and with some actual Experiments, byJ. Drysdale, M.D., and J. W. Hayward, M.D., secondedition, with Supplement, demy 8vo, with plates, cloth	7 6
	The Supplement separate		0 6
Weight of Iron.
		Tabulated Weights of Angle, T, Bulb, and Flat Iron,for the use of Naval Architects and Shipbuilders, byCharles H. Jordan, M.I.N.A., 18mo, sewed, secondedition	1 6
Wood-working Factories.
		On the Arrangement, Care, and Operation of Wood-workingFactories and Machinery, forming a completeOperators’ Handbook, by J. Richards, MechanicalEngineer, woodcuts, crown 8vo, cloth	5 0
Wood-working Machines.
		A Treatise on the Construction and Operation ofWood-working Machines, including a History of theOrigin and Progress and Manufacture of Wood-workingMachinery, by J. Richards, Mechanical Engineer,25 folding plates and nearly 100 full-pageillustrations of English, French, and American Wood-workingMachines in modern use, selected from thedesigns of prominent Engineers, 4to, cloth	£1 5 0
Workshop Receipts.
		Workshop Receipts for the Use of Manufacturers,Machinists, and Scientific Amateurs, by Ernest Spon,crown 8vo, cloth	5 0

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Royal 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d.
Spons’ Engineers’ and Contractors’ Illustrated Book of
Prices of Machines, Tools, Ironwork, and Contractors’ Material.

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E. & F. N. SPON: LONDON AND NEW YORK

Transcriber’s Note:

A Table of Contents has been added for the convenience of the reader.

Larger images have been provided where more detail is needed.

Hyphenation has been made consistent except where the meaning would be affected.

Metre and centimetre changed to mètre and centimètre for consistency; all other accentuation unchanged.

Original spelling has been retained with the exception of ‘guage,’ which has been changed to ‘gauge;’ Parimaribo changed to Paramaribo; filteration changed to filtration; homogenous changed to homogeneous. Suction ‘powder’ appears to be a misprint for ‘power’, and has not been changed.

'P. S. Reed' is mentioned in several places and is probably a misprint for 'Reid'; see NEIMME Library. H. S. Merritt changed to H. S. Merrett.