CHAP. III
(Of the World, 3545—Of Rome, 245.)
[1]King Tarquin, with his [2]family, being [3]banished, [4]L. Junius Brutus, and [5]L. Tarquinius Collatinus were [6]made [7]consuls. [8]The former was so [9]severe, that he [10]scourged and [11]beheaded his own sons for [12]favouring [13]the banished kings, being a [14]greater [15]friend to the [16]public [17]liberty than to his own family. A [18]field of the Tarquins, which [19]lay [20]between the city and [21]the Tiber, was [22]consecrated to [23]Mars, and [24]from thence [25]called [26]Campus Martius. [27]Brutus [28]died in the [29]war [30]against the Tarquins, who [31]prevailed upon some of the [32]neighbouring [33]nations to [34]assist them; [35]amongst the [36]rest, Porsena, king of Etruria, [37]made war upon the Romans, in [38]favour of the Tarquins: in which war the [39]bravery of [40]Horatius Coccles was very [41]remarkable, who [42]maintained the [43]fight [44]against the [45]victorious [46]enemy [47]till the [48]bridge on the Tiber was [49]cut down, [50]when he [51]swam and crossed the [52]river. Nor [53]must we [54]pass over in silence the [55]noble [56]attempt of [57]Mutius Scævola, who [58]secretly [59]entered the [60]enemy’s [61]camp with a [62]resolution to [63]kill the king; [64]but having by [65]mistake [66]slain one of his nobles, he [67]thrust his [68]hand into the [69]fire that was upon the [70]altar; which so [71]terrified the king, that he [72]made [73]peace with the Romans, and [74]returned [75]home. [76]After this, the [77]Latins made [78]war upon the Romans, [79]under the [80]conduct of [81]Octavius Mamilius, Tarquin’s [82]son-in-law; [83]against whom [84]Posthumius being made [85]dictator, [86]vanquished them in a [87]memorable [88]battle at the [89]lake Regillus.
[90]Afterwards a war was [91]proclaimed [92]against the [93]Volsci, who had [94]raised some [95]troops, to [96]send to the [97]assistance of the [98]Latins in the [99]former war. The [100]fortune of [101]Caius Marcius Coriolanus was [102]remarkable in that war, who being [103]condemned in his [104]absence, [105]retired amongst the Volsci, and [106]advised them to [107]renew the war; for the [108]management of which, being [109]chosen [110]general with [111]Tullius Accius, after he had [112]routed the Romans in [113]several [114]engagements, and [115]advanced up [116]to the very walls of the city, he was [117]moved by the [118]prayers of his [119]mother, and he [120]raised the [121]siege. After the [122]death of [123]Coriolanus, the Volsci [124]continued the war, and [125]were [126]together with the [127]Æqui, [128]and Hernici, [129]soundly [130]beaten by [131]Spurius Cassius, who had been [132]thrice [133]consul. [134]He being elevated by his [135]success, [136]aspired to the [137]throne, [138]but was [139]prevented in his [140]design, and [141]thrown headlong from the [142]Tarpeian rock.
In the year 261 from the [143]building of the city, the [144]common people being very [145]much in [146]debt, and [147]provoked by the [148]cruelty of their [149]creditors, [150]retired [151]beyond the [152]Anien into the [153]sacred mount, but were [154]reconciled by the [155]pacific [156]persuasions of [157]Menenius Agrippa; having [158]first [159]obtained from the [160]fathers, that [161]officers should be [162]appointed to [163]screen them from the [164]violence of the [165]patricii, who were [166] called [167]tribunes of the [168]people.
After this, the Romans had a war with the [169]Veientes, which the [170]family of the [171]Fabii [172]undertook to [173]carry on by themselves; and having [174]pitched their camp by the [175]river [176]Cremera, were [177]trepanned by the [178]enemy, and [179]cut off in one [180]day, to the [181]number of 306.
The war with the [182]Volsci [183]continued. They were [184]often [185]vanquished, [186]especially by T. [187]Quintius Cincinnatus, who took [188]Antium, the [189]metropolis of their [190]nation. Cincinnatus being [191]afterwards [192]taken from the [193]plough, and [194]made [195]dictator [196]against the [197]Æqui, he [198]delivered the [199]consul [200]Minucius, who was [201]besieged by them, and [202]obliged the [203]enemy to [204]pass under the [205]yoke.
In the year 303, [206]after the [207]foundation of the city, and 451 years [208]before [209]Christ, the [210]form of the [211]government was [212]changed. [213]For [214]instead of [215]consuls, the [216]decemviri were [217]set up, with [218]supreme [219]power to [220]make [221]laws for the Roman [222]people, [223]from those which their ambassadors had the year before [224]brought from [225]Greece. But [226]abusing their [227]power, they were [228]obliged to [229]lay down their [230]authority; and the [231]consuls and [232]tribunes were [233]restored.
In the 315th year of the city, Sp. Melius, in the [234]time of a [235]famine, [236]endeavouring to [237]make his way to a [238]throne, by [239]sharing [240]corn [241]amongst the [242]people, was [243]slain by [244]order of [245]Quintius Cincinnatus the [246]dictator, by [247]C. Servilius Ahala [248]master of the horse. In the [249]following year the [250]Fidenates [251]revolted to [252]Lars Tolumnius, king of the [253]Veientes, and [254]put the Roman ambassadors to [255]death, who had their [256]statues [257]erected in the [258]forum. The [259]Veientes [260]in the next year were [261]subdued by [262]Mamercus Æmilius, [263]dictator. [264]Tolumnius was [265]slain by [266]Cornelius Cossus, who was the [267]second from [268]Romulus that [269]dedicated the [270]spoils [271]called [272]Opima to Jupiter [273]Feretrius.
[274]Censors were [275]set up at Rome in the 311th year of the city, who [276]held their [277]office [278]at first for [279]five [280]years, [281]but were [282]afterwards, in the year 320, [283]reduced by [284]Mamercus Æmilius, [285]dictator, to a year and a [286]half. In the year 323, the [287]dictator [288]A. Posthumius was very [289]successful [290]against the [291]Æqui and the [292]Volsci; but [293]stained the [294]victory with the [295]blood of his own [296]son, whom he [297]beheaded for having [298]fought [299]contrary to his [300]orders.
In the year of the city 358, the [301]town of [302]Veii was [303]taken by [304]Camillus, dictator, [305]after a [306]siege of [307]ten years. He [308]likewise [309]reduced the [310]Falisci, [311]not so much by his [312]arms, as the [313]opinion they had of his [314]justice.
But after these [315]great [316]successes, the Romans were [317]nearly [318]ruined by the [319]Galli Senones, who having [320]laid [321]siege to [322]Clusium in Etruria, the Romans [323]sent three of the [324]Fabian family ambassadors to them. These, [325]contrary to the [326]law of [327]nations, [328]marched out into the [329]field with the [330]Clusini against the [331]Gauls, which proceeding so [332]incensed the latter, that [333]leaving [334]Clusium, they marched to Rome. The Romans were [335]routed, and [336]put to [337]flight in the very [338]first [339]attack at Allia. After which the city was [340]taken and [341]burnt; the [342]Capitol, [343]whither the [344]flower of the Roman [345]youth [346]retreated, was [347]besieged, and had it not been for Manlius, who was afterwards surnamed [348]Capitolinus, would have been [349]taken by the [350]barbarians in the [351]night time; but he, being [352]awakened by the [353]cackling of [354]geese, and [355]others [356]with him, [357]pushed the [358]Gauls [359]as they [360]came up, [361]headlong down the precipice. [362]In the mean time [363]Camillus, who was [364]then in [365]exile at Ardea, being [366]recalled and [367]made [368]dictator, [369]raised an [370]army, [371]came to Rome, [372]drove them out, and at [373]about [374]eight [375]miles [376]distance from the city [377]utterly [378]destroyed their [379]whole [380]army.
FOOTNOTES
[1] Il re Tarquínio
[2] famíglia
[3] bandíto
[4] L. Giúnio Bruto
[5] L. Tarquínio Collatíno
[6] fatto
[7] consóle
[8] il primo
[9] sevéro
[10] flagelláre
[11] decapitáre
[12] favoríre
[13] i re bandíti
[14] grande
[15] amíco
[16] púbblico
[17] libertà
[18] campo
[19] situato
[20] fra
[21] Tévere
[22] consacráto
[23] Marte
[24] indi
[25] chiamáto
[26] Campo Marzio
[27] Bruto
[28] moríre
[29] guerra
[30] contro
[31] riuscirono a persuadére
[32] vicíno
[33] nazióne
[34] assístere
[35] fra
[36] gli altri
[37] fare
[38] favóre
[39] bravúra
[40] Orázio Coclide
[41] rimarchevole
[42] mantenére
[43] conflítto
[44] contro
[45] vittorióso
[46] nemico
[47] infinchè
[48] ponte
[49] tagliáto
[50] allóra
[51] nuotáre e traversáre
[52] fiúme
[53] dovére
[54] passáre in silenzio
[55] nóbile
[56] intraprèsa
[57] Muzio Scévola
[58] segretaménte
[59] entráre
[60] nemíco
[61] campo
[62] risoluzióne
[63] uccídere
[64] ma
[65] isbáglio
[66] ammazzáre
[67] méttere
[68] mano
[69] fuóco
[70] altáre
[71] spaventáre
[72] fare
[73] pace
[74] ritornáre
[75] casa
[76] dopo
[77] Latíno
[78] guerra
[79] sotto
[80] condótta
[81] Ottávio Mamílio
[82] genero
[83] contro
[84] Postúmio
[85] dittatóre
[86] víncere
[87] memorábile
[88] battáglia
[89] Lago Regíllo
[90] dopo
[91] proclamáre
[92] contro
[93] Volsci
[94] leváre
[95] truppe
[96] mandáre
[97] soccórso
[98] Latíno
[99] precedente
[100] fortúna
[101] Caio Marzio Corioláno
[102] segnaláto
[103] condannáto
[104] assénza
[105] ritirársi
[106] consigliáre
[107] ricominciáre
[108] condótta
[109] scelto
[110] generále
[111] Tullio Accio
[112] sconfítto
[113] parécchie
[114] battáglia
[115] avanzáre
[116] infíno alle mura
[117] commósso
[118] preghiéra
[119] madre
[120] leváre
[121] assédio
[122] morte
[123] Corioláno
[124] continuáre
[125] confederatisi
[126] con gli
[127] Equi
[128] Erníci
[129] furono insieme potentemente
[130] battúto
[131] Spúrio Cássio
[132] tre volte
[133] consóle
[134] questi esaltáto
[135] succésso
[136] aspiráre
[137] trono
[138] ma
[139] impedíto
[140] diségno
[141] precipitáto
[142] rupe Tarpéa
[143] fondazióne
[144] plebe
[145] molto
[146] indebitáto
[147] irritáto
[148] crudeltà
[149] creditóre
[150] ritirársi
[151] di là
[152] Aniéno
[153] sacro monte
[154] riconciliáto
[155] pacifico
[156] persuasióne
[157] Menénio Agríppa
[158] prima
[159] ottenúto
[160] padre
[161] ufficiále
[162] costituíto
[163] protéggere
[164] violénza
[165] patrízj
[166] chiamáto
[167] tribúni
[168] popolo
[169] Vejénti
[170] famíglia
[171] Fabj
[172] intrapréndere
[173] maneggiáre
[174] accampáre
[175] fiúme
[176] Cremera
[177] acchiappáre
[178] nemíco
[179] uccíso
[180] giórno
[181] número
[182] Volsci
[183] continuáre
[184] spesso
[185] vinto
[186] specialménte
[187] Quínzio Cincinnáto
[188] Anzio
[189] metrópoli
[190] nazióne
[191] dopo
[192] preso
[193] áratro
[194] fatto
[195] dittatóre
[196] contro
[197] Equi
[198] liberáre
[199] consóle
[200] Minúcio
[201] assediáto
[202] forzáre
[203] nemico
[204] passáre sotto il
[205] giógo
[206] dopo
[207] fondazióne
[208] prima
[209] Cristo
[210] forma
[211] govérno
[212] cambiáto
[213] perchè
[214] invéce di
[215] consóle
[216] decemvíri
[217] creáto
[218] suprémo
[219] autorità
[220] fare
[221] legge
[222] pópolo
[223] sul modello di quello
[224] portáto
[225] Grécia
[226] abusáre
[227] potére
[228] obbligáto
[229] dimettere
[230] autorità
[231] cónsole
[232] tribúno
[233] ristabilíto
[234] tempo
[235] carestía
[236] procuráre
[237] arriváre
[238] trono
[239] distribuíre
[240] grano
[241] fra
[242] popolo
[243] ammazzáto
[244] órdine
[245] Quínzio Cincinnáto
[246] dittatóre
[247] C. Servílio Ahala
[248] maestro della cavalleria
[249] seguénte
[250] Fidenáti
[251] rivoltársi
[252] Larte Tolúnnio
[253] Vejénti
[254] méttere
[255] morte
[256] státua
[257] errétto
[258] fóro
[259] Vejénti
[260] l’anno dopo
[261] soggiogáto
[262] Mamérco Emílio
[263] dittatóre
[264] Tolúnnio
[265] ammazzáto
[266] Cornélio Cosso
[267] secóndo
[268] Romolo
[269] dedicáre
[270] spóglia
[271] chiamáto
[272] Opíme
[273] Gióve Feretrio
[274] censóre
[275] stabilíre
[276] tenére
[277] uffício
[278] al princípio
[279] cinque
[280] anno
[281] ma
[282] dopo
[283] ridótto
[284] Mamérco Emílio
[285] dittatóre
[286] mezzo
[287] dittatóre
[288] A. Postúmio
[289] fortunáto
[290] contro
[291] Equi
[292] Volsci
[293] macchiáre
[294] vittória
[295] sangue
[296] figlio
[297] decapitáre
[298] combáttere
[299] contro
[300] órdine
[301] città
[302] Vej
[303] preso
[304] Camíllo
[305] dopo
[306] assédio
[307] diéci
[308] pariménte
[309] ridúrre
[310] Falísci
[311] non tanto
[312] arme
[313] opinióne
[314] giustízia
[315] grande
[316] riuscita
[317] quasi
[318] rovináto
[319] Galli Sénoni
[320] méttere
[321] assédio
[322] Clusio
[323] mandáre
[324] famíglia de’ Fabj
[325] contro
[326] dirítto
[327] gente
[328] marciáre
[329] campo
[330] Clusíni
[331] Galli
[332] irritáre
[333] lasciáre
[334] Clusio
[335] sconfítto
[336] messo
[337] fuga
[338] primo
[339] attácco
[340] preso
[341] abbruciáto
[342] Campidóglio
[343] dove
[344] fiore
[345] gioventù
[346] ritirársi
[347] assediáto
[348] Capitolíno
[349] preso
[350] bárbaro
[351] notte tempo
[352] svegliáto
[353] il gracchiáre
[354] oca
[355] altro
[356] con
[357] buttáre
[358] Galli
[359] a misura che
[360] presentarsi
[361] a capo in giù nel precipízio
[362] nell’istésso tempo
[363] Camíllo
[364] allóra
[365] esílio
[366] richiamáto
[367] fatto
[368] dittatóre
[369] leváre
[370] armáta
[371] veníre
[372] scacciáre
[373] incírca
[374] otto
[375] míglia
[376] distánza
[377] completamente
[378] distrúggere
[379] tutto
[380] armáta