CHAP. IV.
(Of the World, 3670—Of Rome, 370.)
The city being [1]destroyed by the Gauls, the Romans had [2]thoughts of [3]leaving it, and [4]removing to [5]Veii; but were [6]dissuaded from that [7]design by [8]Camillus; [9]whilst [10]Marcus Manlius (who [11]obtained the [12]surname of [13]Capitolinus for his [14]noble [15]defence of the [16]Capitol) [17]endeavoured by [18]ambition and [19]popular [20]favour [21]to possess himself of the [22]supreme [23]power, he was [24]thrown from the [25]Tarpeian rock, which he had [26]defended, in the year 370.
In the year 377, there was a [27]strong [28]contest [29]between the [30]nobility and the [31]people. [32]C. Licinius Stolo and [33]L. Sextius, [34]tribunes of [35]the people, [36]proposed a [37]law for [38]choosing [39]one of the consuls out [40]of the people. They [41]carried their point at last, in the year 387, and in the [42]following year [43]L. Sextius was elected consul.
[44]After this, the Romans had [45]war with the [46]Tiburtes, the [47]Tarquinenses, and [48]Falisci; and again with the [49]Gauls, who being [50]drawn up [51]in order of [52]battle, one of them [53]sent a [54]challenge to the Romans, and was [55]slain by [56]one M. Valerius, a [57]tribune of the [58]soldiers, by the [59]assistance of a [60]crow, who [61]from thence had the [62]surname of [63]Corvinus.
[64]But of all their [65]wars, none was more [66]troublesome and [67]lasting than that [68]against the [69]Samnites; which the Romans [70]undertook the year of the city 411, at the [71]request of the [72]Campani. It [73]lasted [74]seventy years; [75]though they were [76]several times [77]beaten, as in the year 413, in which the [78]Latins [79]rose up in arms [80]against the Romans, but were the year after [81]conquered by the [82]consuls Torquatus and Decius; the [83]former of whom [84]beheaded his own [85]son for [86]fighting [87]without his [88]order; the [89]other [90]devoted himself to [91]destruction for the [92]army; after which the [93]enemies [94]submitted, but [95]soon after [96]rebelling again, they were [97]at last [98]entirely [99]reduced in the year 416.
[100]About this time the [101]Gauls [102]made a [103]peace with the Romans, which they [104]kept [105]thirty years. But in 450, the [106]Cisalpine, [107]together with the [108]Transalpine [109]Gauls, and the [110]Tuscans, [111]laid waste the [112]Roman [113]territories. The Cisalpine [114]returning [115]home [116]loaded with [117]spoils, [118]fell out together about them. [119]Four years after that, having [120]joined the [121]Samnites and [122]Tuscans, they fell [123]upon the Roman [124]army [125]commanded by [126]L. Scipio, the [127]proprætor, in which [128]battle, [129]P. Decius [130]the consul [131]devoted himself.
[132]Ten years after this, the [133]Galli Senones being [134]invited by the [135]Lucani, [136]Brutii, Samnites, and Tuscans, [137]besieged [138]Aretium, and having [139]vanquished [140]L. Cæcilius the [141]prætor, [142]killed 13,000 Romans; which [143]overthrow the consul Dolobella [144]revenged upon them [145]soon after; for having [146]routed the [147]Gauls, and [148]taken their city of Sena, [149]he sent a [150]colony there. The [151]Boii being [152]moved at the [153]hard [154]fate of the [155]Senones, [156]entered into an [157]alliance with the [158]Tuscans, and [159]engaged the Romans at the [160]lake of [161]Vadimon; in which [162]battle [163]almost [164]all the Tuscans were [165]slain, and very [166]few of the Boii [167]escaped. This [168]happened in the year of the city 471; but in the [169]following year the Boii were [170]entirely [171]reduced, which was [172]about three years [173]before [174]Pyrrhus, [175]came into [176]Italy.
The [177]Palæpolitani [178]likewise, [179]where [180]now [181]Naples is, [182]venturing to make war upon the Romans, were [183]subdued the third year [184]after, [185]that is to say, in the year of the city 428, by [186]Publius the proconsul.
The [187]twelve [188]nations of the Tuscans, [189]rising for the [190]utter ruin [191]of the Roman name in the year of the city 442, were [192]routed in a great [193]battle by Fabius the [194]consul, in the [195]year 444, in which were [196]slain, or [197]taken of the [198]enemy, to the [199]number of 60,000.
In the year 472, the [200]Tarentines, [201]brought the [202]Romans against them [203]by plundering their [204]fleet, and [205]assailing their [206]ambassadors, who [207]came to [208]complain of the [209]injury. They, [210]together with the [211]Samnites, and [212]Salentines, were [213]defeated by L. [214]Æmilius Barbula. [215]Terrified at this [216]ill fortune, they [217]sent for [218]Pyrrhus to their [219]assistance; who, in the year of the city 474, having [220]brought over an [221]army into [222]Italy, [223]waged against the Romans [224]a war which [225]lasted six years. In the [226]first [227]encounter the Romans, [228]headed by [229]Lævinus, being [230]conquered, not so much by the [231]strength of the [232]enemy, as by the [233]strange [234]shape of the [235]elephants, [236]yielded up the [237]day: Pyrrhus [238]dismissed all the [239]prisoners [240]without [241]ransom. [242]Soon after, having [243]made some [244]fruitless [245]overtures of [246]peace by his [247]ambassador [248]Cyneas ([249]for [250]Appius Claudius [251]obstructed it), he [252]engaged the Romans [253]twice: the [254]victory [255]both times being [256]dubious. He was [257]then [258]invited by the [259]Syracusans [260]into Sicily against [261]the Carthaginians; [262]where [263]matters [264]not succeeding [265]according to his [266]desires, he [267]returned into [268]Italy in the year 479; and being [269]defeated, [270]forced out of his [271]camp, and [272]beaten from [273]Tarentum, he returned into [274]Epirus.
FOOTNOTES
[1] distrúggere
[2] idea
[3] abbandonáre
[4] traslocarsi
[5] Vej
[6] dissuáso
[7] diségno
[8] Camíllo
[9] mentre
[10] Marco Mánlio
[11] ottenere
[12] cognóme
[13] Capitolíno
[14] nóbile
[15] difésa
[16] campidóglio
[17] cercáre
[18] ambizione
[19] popoláre
[20] favóre
[21] impadronírsi
[22] suprémo
[23] potére
[24] precipitáto
[25] rocca Tarpéa
[26] diféndere
[27] grande
[28] contésa
[29] fra
[30] nobiltà
[31] popolo
[32] C. Licínio Stolone
[33] L. Séstio
[34] tribúno
[35] popolo
[36] propórre
[37] legge
[38] scegliere
[39] cónsole
[40] d’infra’l popolo
[41] riuscíre
[42] seguénte
[43] L. Séstio fu eletto cónsole
[44] dopo
[45] guerra
[46] Tibúrti
[47] Tarquiniési
[48] Falísci
[49] Gálli
[50] méttersi
[51] órdine
[52] battáglia
[53] mandáre
[54] disfída
[55] uccídere
[56] certo M. Valério
[57] tribúno
[58] soldato
[59] assisténza
[60] corvo
[61] da ció
[62] cognóme
[63] Corvíno
[64] ma
[65] guerra
[66] gravóso
[67] lunga
[68] contro
[69] Sanníti
[70] intrapréndere
[71] richiésta
[72] Campáni
[73] duráre
[74] settánta
[75] benchè
[76] spesse volte
[77] battúto
[78] Latíno
[79] préndere l’armi
[80] contro
[81] vincere
[82] cónsoli Torquáto e Decio
[83] primo
[84] decapitáre
[85] figliuólo
[86] aver combáttuto
[87] senza
[88] órdine
[89] altro
[90] consacrársi
[91] morte
[92] armáta
[93] nemíco
[94] sottomettérsi
[95] poco dopo
[96] ribelláre
[97] alla fine
[98] affátto
[99] ridótto
[100] incírca
[101] Galli
[102] fare
[103] pace
[104] mantenere
[105] trenta
[106] Cisalpíno
[107] assieme con
[108] Transalpíno
[109] Galli
[110] Toscáni
[111] dare il guasto a
[112] Románo
[113] território
[114] ritornáre
[115] casa
[116] carico
[117] spóglia
[118] contendere
[119] quattro
[120] unírsi
[121] Sanníti
[122] Toscáni
[123] assalíre
[124] armáta
[125] comandáre
[126] L. Scipióne
[127] propretóre
[128] battáglia
[129] P. Decio
[130] cónsole
[131] sacrificò se stesso
[132] diéci
[133] Galli Senoni
[134] invitáto
[135] Lucáni
[136] Bruzi
[137] assediáre
[138] Arezzo
[139] víncere
[140] L. Cecílio
[141] pretore
[142] ammazzáre
[143] sconfítta
[144] vendicáre
[145] poco dopo
[146] sconfíggere
[147] Galli
[148] preso
[149] mandáre
[150] colónia
[151] Boj
[152] commósso
[153] duro
[154] condizione
[155] Senoni
[156] entráre
[157] alleánza
[158] Toscáni
[159] veníre a giornáta con
[160] lago
[161] Vadimóne
[162] battáglia
[163] quasi
[164] tutto
[165] uccíso
[166] poco
[167] scampáre
[168] succédere
[169] seguente
[170] affátto
[171] sottomesso
[172] incírca
[173] primachè
[174] Pirro
[175] veníre
[176] Itália
[177] Palepolitáni
[178] pariménte
[179] dove
[180] adésso
[181] Napóli
[182] avventuráre
[183] soggiogáto
[184] dopo
[185] cioè a dire
[186] próconsole Públio
[187] dódici
[188] nazióne
[189] essendosi levate in armi
[190] totale
[191] sterminio
[192] sconfíggere
[193] battáglia
[194] cónsole
[195] anno
[196] uccíso
[197] preso
[198] nemíco
[199] numero
[200] Tarentíni
[201] tirársi addósso
[202] Románo
[203] saccheggiáre
[204] flotta
[205] maltrattáre
[206] ambasciadóre
[207] veníre
[208] lamentársi
[209] ingiúria
[210] insiéme
[211] Sanníti
[212] Salentíni
[213] sconfítto
[214] Emílio Bárbula
[215] spaventáto
[216] sventúra
[217] mandár a cercáre
[218] Pirro
[219] ajúto
[220] trasportáre
[221] armáta
[222] Itália
[223] fare
[224] guerra
[225] duráre
[226] prima
[227] zuffa
[228] comandáto
[229] Lavínio
[230] superato
[231] sforza
[232] nemíco
[233] strano
[234] forma
[235] elefánte
[236] cédere
[237] vittoria
[238] rimandáre
[239] prigioniéro
[240] senza
[241] taglia
[242] poco dopo
[243] fatto
[244] inútile
[245] trattative
[246] pace
[247] ambasciadóre
[248] Cinéa
[249] perchè
[250] Áppio Cláudio
[251] impedíre
[252] attaccáre
[253] due volte
[254] vittória
[255] due
[256] dubbio
[257] allóra
[258] invitáto
[259] Siracuséi
[260] ad andáre in
[261] Cartaginése
[262] dove
[263] cosa
[264] riuscíre
[265] secóndo
[266] desiderio
[267] ritornáre
[268] Itália
[269] sconfítto
[270] forzato di sloggiáre
[271] accampamento
[272] scacciato
[273] Táranto
[274] Epíro