Some Remarks on the foregoing Articles.

1st. “The original intention of the Expedition did not appear to have Egypt for its object, and for a considerable while was very inauspicious. In the first instance it proved too late to be any use to the Austrians in Italy, and afterwards became unsuccessful at Cadiz. Much time appeared to be lost before it reached the rendezvous at Marmorice Bay; and it was then thought by the Turks a very unseasonable part of the year for any attempt on the coast of Egypt, besides which it happened to be the time of their Ramadan, when no operations of any kind are undertaken by them. This last delay, however, although much regretted, turned out advantageous to the future proceedings of the army. Some useful arrangements were made then, besides the opportunity it gave of landing the sick after a long confinement on board ship, by which many recovered; and the Island of Rhodes, just in the neighbourhood, afforded hospitals for the remainder.”

2nd. “All the field ordnance, which had been landed at Ferrol with Lieutenant-General Sir James Pulteney’s army, and afterwards joined General Sir Ralph Abercromby, were re-embarked there in so disorderly a manner that no one piece was found fit for immediate service. This circumstance will for ever unfortunately occur, unless the direction of the business is left entirely to the Artillery Corps, whether navy boats and ships of war or those of the Ordnance only receive them. It cannot be expected that the navy officers are in the first place fully acquainted with the real importance of keeping all the parts of such carriages, ammunition-boxes, &c., exactly sorted together, or that they can bestow much consideration on the subject, hurried as they generally are upon such occasions.”

3rd. “The turning over only rejected horses from the Dragoons to the Artillery services was not so well judged as might be expected. It would have been fortunate (the best of theirs bearing no comparison with the French cavalry) to have rendered the movement of the Ordnance more effectual; as it was, both corps remained insufficient; the effects of which were fully experienced in the action of the 13th March, when, had only a part of the number of pieces then in the field been very well horsed, the fate of Alexandria (it is more than probable) might have been decided on that day. The French, on the other hand, constantly applied the very prime of their strong horses (those belonging to the officers not excepted) to the draught of their ordnance, which were chiefly on the Horse Artillery establishment, with 8-pounder guns and 6-inch howitzers, opposed to light 6-pounders and royals only.”

4th. “The disembarking of ordnance, unless in the instance of field-pieces let down into the boats ready mounted from ships of war, however regularly performed, is always liable to some confusion. This principally arises from the parts of the same natures of carriages not corresponding so correctly as they might do, particularly in the diameters of the wheels and arms of the axletrees, which should likewise be as general throughout the whole as possible. The waggons and carts being frequently made by contract, are very defective in these points, even to the fitting of their head and tail-boards; and, trifling as this may appear to a workman at home, it often occasions delays of consequence to the service, or credit of those concerned in it abroad. No nation, in point of economy alone, requires so much attention to the construction and solid stowage of its military carriages and stores as Great Britain does, on account of their frequent embarkations, the expenses of which in the course of a war are prodigiously great.”

5th. “The considerations submitted to the Commander-in-Chief respecting the first landing of the ordnance and stores, were much approved, and happily executed with great despatch, notwithstanding some very serious impediments, arising from the manner of loading the ships by freight (carrying as much as possible without order), instead of being regularly assorted. The embarking troops also on board such ships is always attended with, not only great inconvenience, but considerable damage, from the quantity of water necessary to carry for them, the waste and leakage of which injures the carriages and stores considerably underneath, besides the difficulty it occasions of getting at them when required for service. In the preparations for landing at Cadiz, seventy tons of water were obliged to be first removed from one ship only. Great inconveniences were also found from the magnitude of some of the ships, which could not be brought within some miles of the shore. They should for such services never exceed 600 tons, and a moderate draught of water.”

6th. “Carronades might certainly be employed in the land service to considerable advantage in many situations, particularly on the flanks or firing over the parapets of fortifications and for field-works in general. It would also be very well worth while to have some experiments tried with them in breaching walls and earthworks. The common objection made to their shortness injuring the embrasures has more of imagination than reality in it. They may be advanced the extent of any gun mounted upon a travelling carriage, and much farther than the largest garrison howitzer, with less explosion of powder. If their present carriages are found to recoil too far, it is easily checked by only laying a few filled sand-bags upon them, and in the rear, as was practised in Egypt with perfect success; or it may be checked by small iron wedges with chains, placed to receive the fore-trucks upon.”

7th. “The arrangement made of the spare field-ammunition on the passage from Marmorice Bay to the coast of Egypt was very fortunate, as it proved impossible to have carried any quantity forward otherwise, for want of conveyance, excepting a few camels taken from the enemy on the first landing in Aboukir Bay.”

8th. “The 3-pounder light guns, patched up as they were, gave considerable confidence to the Dragoons. This calibre might be rendered very useful to Cavalry in general by an increase of dimensions, to 4½ feet in length, and about 4 cwt. in weight, with carriages upon a quick travelling construction, not overloaded with ammunition, which our service is rather liable to.

“Foreigners frequently observe the singularity of shafts being preferred in the British Artillery carriages to poles, made use of by all other nations as being simpler, lighter, and cheaper; added to which the experience of having travelled over the most difficult features of Europe, and ground of every description with them, fully evinces their perfect sufficiency. A strong instance of the inconvenience of shafts occurred to us at Rahmanich: just as one of the 6-pounders was limbering up, the shaft-horse was killed by the enemy; much time was lost in clearing the carriage from him, and the harness being also damaged, rendered it difficult to apply another in his place.

“In the marching of the 12-pounders to Grand Cairo (drawn by oxen with a horse in the shafts) the want of double or travelling trunnion-boxes was much regretted. Some few carriages were formerly so constructed for the Horse Artillery, but why discontinued remains unknown, as they are undoubtedly very advantageous to a heavy draught or indifferent horses.

“In moving the 24-pounder guns across the country from the first position near Cairo (where a bridge of boats to communicate with the Grand Vizier’s army was thrown over the Nile) for the attack of Gizeh, the axletrees of the sling-carts giving way, the medium 12-pounder carriages were appropriated to this purpose, the trench-carts carrying the mortars, standing carriages, &c.”

9th. “No carriage appears to want reform more than the common Artillery waggon. There is too much of it merely for carrying ammunition, and it is too narrow for baggage or bulky stores. In the alterations made for the proposed arrangement of spare ammunition, the boxes will require for hard roads to be more securely fixed than was necessary for travelling in Egypt.”

10th. “The inclined plane, or purchase for raising weights upon the trench-carts, might prove very useful, upon a larger scale, for mounting or dismounting heavy ordnance without being obliged to make use of a gin, which not only requires a number of men to work, and a carriage to convey it to a battery, but when fixed there becomes a considerable object to the enemy besieged. This proposed machine being quite free from all these inconveniences makes it extremely well worth while to try the experiment for such occasions.”

11th. “If the mode mentioned of preventing narrow wheels from sinking in deep sandy situations should have the appearance of possessing more fancy than judgment, it must be placed to the variety of obstacles which hourly presented themselves in Egypt, and called for every assistance the mind could catch at to surmount. And still perhaps the idea may lead to something useful even in a northern climate, passing over snow, &c.”

12th. ... “The extraordinary heavy weights of the iron mortars and beds proved a great embarrassment without any peculiar advantage derived from them. Indeed, where no considerable extent of range is required—as is the case in most attacks—brass mortars mounted upon proportional iron beds seem in general much preferable, at least under 13 inches in diameter....”

13th. “Flat boats are the best and most useful conveyance for troops, and ordnance, possible; every means, therefore, should be employed to preserve them from injury. Though apparently slight, it is surprising what they can bear. In moving the stores up Lake Etcho, for the attack of Fort Julian, some of them were dragged three miles over sand and mudbank. The battering-pieces for this service were obliged to be landed on the open sea-beach, and conveyed four miles across the deserts and swamps to their batteries. These laborious and difficult operations were frequently repeated during the expedition. Upwards of thirty 24-pounders were disembarked from the ordnance ships, conveyed by boats up Aboukir Lake, and landed near the head of it for the attack of Alexandria. From thence twenty were returned to the ships in Aboukir Bay, conveyed to the mouth of the western branch of the Nile, disembarked and taken over that dangerous bar by sea-jerms, landed at Fort St. Julian, re-embarked there in river-jerms, in order to proceed up the Nile. Several were landed within four miles of Grand Cairo, and conveyed from thence twelve miles across the country, for the attack of Gizeh;—returned back after the surrender of Cairo by the same route, and exactly in like manner to Alexandria;—relanded there for further operations of attacks carrying on both on the eastern and western side of it,—the capitulation of which concluding the campaign, they were again conveyed to the ships in Aboukir Bay.

“Besides the articles already detailed, numerous minute circumstances happened in the course of the campaign, which necessity continually urged the imagination to provide against. Every movement by land or water was attended with infinite labour and difficulties; added to which the violent heat of the sun, and shocks received by passing over the formidable cracks it occasioned in the ground (annually overflowed by the Nile) on the march to Cairo operated so powerfully on the carriages, as to require perpetual attention and daily repair—without the most common materials for such occasions, either of wood or iron, to be found in the country.

“N.B. The oxen drew very well upon common ground, but in deep sand they generally became restive. The large-sized mules were excellent in draught when well-disposed; but, from their natural obstinacy, it was found best to intermix them with horses.”

Return of Ordnance captured in Egypt.
		No. of Pieces.
In the Field	On the 8th March	5
	On the 13th March	3
	On the 21st March	2
	On the 22nd August	7
Garrisons	Aboukir Castle	11
	Fort Julian	15
	Fort Burlos	5
	Grand Cairo and Dependencies	121
	Gizeh Lines and Arsenal	530
	Alexandria Arsenal	411
Island of Marabout		10
Damietta and Walls of Lesbie, &c.		54
Ships of war in the Harbour of Alexandria		77
Total number of pieces		1251

N.B.—Besides the above, the French were allowed to embark 50 field-pieces from Cairo, and 10 from Alexandria.

The extremely interesting notes just quoted, although relating more to questions of matériel than personnel, still give a clear idea of the difficulties attending the movements of the Artillery in Egypt, the overcoming of which was no less honourable, if, indeed, not more so, than their marked courage in the field. In alluding to the latter, a very brief sketch of the campaign will suffice.

On the morning of the 8th March, 1801, the English army disembarked in Aboukir Bay under a heavy fire, and drove back the French with a loss of five guns. On the 13th the severe action known as the affair of Nicopolis took place, in which the French were again defeated, but not Cust. without a loss to the English of 1300, killed and wounded. The siege of Aboukir Castle followed, the bombardment Browne. being conducted by Major Cookson, and it surrendered on the 19th. On the 21st, the memorable battle of Alexandria was fought,—memorable not merely for its victorious result, but also for the irreparable loss which the English army suffered in the death of Sir R. Abercromby. The conduct of the Artillery in the battle attracted great attention; the Stewart’s ‘Highlanders of Scotland.’ precision of their fire was strongly commended, and, but for the wretched animals with which the guns were horsed, an advance of the army might have then taken place, which would have ensured the immediate fall of Alexandria. Browne. Lieutenants H. Sturgeon, J. G. Burslem, and D. Campbell, of the Royal Artillery, were wounded. The battle had been waged mainly on the right of the English army, and before the end of the day the ammunition of both Artillery and Cavalry on the English right was all but exhausted, so much so that “on an attempt of the French to advance anew against this flank, the soldiers of the 28th actually Cust. pelted them with stones.” Unfortunately for the modern Artilleryman, General Lawson was a very bad correspondent during the war; and when the student commences anxiously to search for his despatches to the Ordnance, he finds, Colonel Macleod to General Lawson. instead, indignant remonstrances addressed to the gallant General for his silence. He was so occupied with overcoming the natural difficulties of the expedition, that he had no time for writing; and he valued no words of commendation, which were spoken with regard to his services, so much as those referring to the chief engineer and himself, which formed part of a despatch written by General Hutchinson, ‘London Gazette,’ 22 October, 1801. the successor of Sir R. Abercromby:—“The skill and perseverance of those two officers have overcome difficulties which at first appeared almost insurmountable.”

The arrival of a Turkish division, 6000 strong, to support him, on the 3rd April, 1801, induced General Hutchinson, who succeeded Sir R. Abercromby in the command, to carry the war farther up the Nile, instead of waiting before Alexandria. He commenced with some detached operations: Rosetta surrendered on the 8th, and Fort St. Julian, after Browne’s ‘England’s Artillerymen.’ a bombardment, on the 19th. “On the 18th April a mortar battery, erected against Fort St. Julian, under the direction of Captains Lemoine and Duncan, fired some shells with remarkable accuracy: one of them pitched on the centre of the roof, and tore away the flagstaff and colours, which the French never dared to erect again.”

The great events of the campaign were the surrender of Cairo on the 28th June, 1801, and of Alexandria on the 2nd September. It was during the march on Cairo that the ingenuity and endurance of the Royal Artillery were most severely tried. Other writers have borne testimony—in glowing, but not exaggerated terms—to the gallantry of the other arms of the service in this campaign; and it must not be assumed that the necessary allusions to a particular corps in a work like this imply any assertion of superiority; such conduct would be at once unjust, and subversive of the main purpose of this history. There are regiments, the very mention of whose names brings instinctively to the hearer’s memory the brave story of Egypt; but, where all were brave, the special professional duties of Artillerymen obtained for those, who served in that capacity, opportunities of displaying energy and ingenuity which were denied to others. There have been campaigns where the exertions of the Infantry have dwarfed those of the other arms; there have been occasions—sung by poets, and boasted of with just pride by all Englishmen—when the honour of England was entrusted to her Cavalry, and was brought back with redoubled lustre; it is, therefore, in no spirit of depreciation of the other arms that the services of the Artillery are especially pointed out, during a campaign where the hardest work was not in battle, and in a work which hopes to hand down to their successors the merits of those who, in Egypt, were responsible for their Regiment’s reputation. It is with such a hope that words like the following, referring to the siege Stewart’s ‘Highlanders of Scotland.’ of Alexandria, are reproduced:—“The proceedings against Alexandria showed to what a pitch of perfection the British Artillery had arrived. The battery on the Greenhill opened at six o’clock on the morning of the 26th August, and before mid-day the enemy were completely silenced, their batteries destroyed, and their guns withdrawn. On the west of Alexandria, the tower of Marabout was bombarded from a battery commanded by Captain Curry,[9] of the Royal Artillery. The first shot struck the tower, four feet from the ground; every succeeding shot struck the same spot; and in this manner he continued, never missing his mark, till a large hole was in a manner completely bored through, when the building fell, and, filling up the surrounding ditch, the place was instantly surrendered.”

At the surrender of Cairo no fewer than 13,754 French were present, and were allowed to evacuate Egypt; and at Alexandria, where General Menou, the French Commander, Cust. was stationed,—11,000 French soldiers, exclusive of civilians, surrendered to the English. In a campaign which lasted only from March to September, the power of the French in Egypt, and even their presence, disappeared. Prior to the capitulation of General Menou, he made a strong effort to drive the English from before Alexandria. This took place on the 22nd August, and in the general orders issued after the engagement the following words appeared:—“The brunt of the day fell on the Artillery, under the command of Major Cookson, and the advance corps, who used every exertion, and showed much discipline.” It is also mentioned by a Browne, author of ‘England’s Artillerymen.’ writer often quoted in these pages, whose industry becomes more and more apparent the more his work is studied, that “the celerity with which the guns at the siege of Alexandria had been brought up was a remarkable instance of zeal, as they had to be carried over almost inaccessible rocks.”

Two events occurred during the campaign, which deserve mention. A contingent of troops arrived from India under Sir David Baird, including some of the East India Company’s Artillery. The first instalment arrived on the 10th June, and was present at the surrender of Cairo by the French; and Sir David, with the main body, arrived in sufficient time to witness the successful termination of the siege of Alexandria, and with it the conclusion of the war.

The second event involves some explanation. In 1798 a detachment of the Royal Artillery was ordered to Turkey to assist in the instruction and organization of the Turkish Artillery, and in the strengthening of their fortifications. The officer in command was Brigadier-General Koehler, who had as a subaltern attracted attention during the great Siege of Gibraltar, and who had been almost continuously employed on the Staff of the army since that time. The Artillery officers who accompanied him were Majors Hope and Fead, Captain Martin Leake, and Assistant-Surgeon Wittman. The duties of these officers, as far as can be learned from the correspondence which is extant, were of a somewhat motley order,—embracing artillery, engineering, archæology, and military organization. Their travels in Turkey, Greece, Syria, and Egypt were very extensive; and if we may judge from a quaint manuscript in the Royal Artillery Record Office, describing a journey made by them to Jerusalem, they must have travelled as royal personages. General Koehler died on the 29th December, 1800, of a malignant fever, which had carried off his wife and many of his detachment; and the regret and positive grief, which were felt by English and Turks alike, were strongly expressed Major Hope, R.A., to D. A. General, January 1801. in Major Hope’s reports to England. After his death, Major Hope, with the remainder of the detachment, accompanied the Grand Vizier and the Turkish contingent, which went to Egypt to swell the English forces, and earned well-deserved praise before Cairo, where the union between them and the latter took place. Major Hope’s abilities as an Artilleryman received favourable mention from the Grand Vizier. After the conclusion of the campaign, Captain Leake obtained special employment in the Turkish dominions, and that he attained no mean position in the scientific and literary world may be gathered from the Obituary notice of Lieut.-Col. W. M. Leake, R.A., in Address of the President of the Royal Geographical Society, May 1860. following obituary notice:—“On the 6th January, 1860, Colonel Leake passed from us, after a short and sudden illness. His intellect never weakened; his energies scarcely relaxed, notwithstanding the weight of eighty-three years. The Greek minister, at his own desire, followed him to the grave, expressing thereby the gratitude of his country to one who had spared no effort on behalf of the Greek nationality, and had done so much by his works towards elucidating the remarkable features of the land of Greece, and the scenes of her glorious history. In him we have lost not only a scholar and an antiquary, but one other link (when so few survived) that connected us to the politics, the literature, and the society of the foregone generation.”

On the 16th November, 1801, an order was issued for the withdrawal of the companies from Egypt, under which Captain Beevor’s company of the 3rd Battalion, and Captain Cookson’s, Major Sprowle’s, and Captain Wood’s of the 5th, returned to England; and Major Borthwick’s, Captain Lemoine’s, and Captain Adye’s proceeded to Gibraltar. Major Borthwick remained in command of his company during the war, although, by the records of the 2nd Battalion, to which it belonged, Captain Mudge had been posted to it some time previously, an appointment which must have been subsequently cancelled, doubtless owing to his being employed by Government on the Trigonometrical Survey of Great Britain. In this occupation he was engaged during the greater part of his life, and his admirable conduct of the survey procured for him numerous literary and scientific distinctions.

Among the officers of artillery who received special mention for their services in Egypt, besides General Lawson, Kane’s List. were Major Cookson, who, in addition to receiving high praise in general orders and despatches, was appointed, on the 29th October, 1801, commandant of the ancient Pharos Castle and of all the Artillery in Egypt, and was presented with a gold medal by the Grand Vizier; Captains Lemoine, A. Duncan, and S. G. Adye. Major Thompson, who had received brevet rank of Colonel during the war, died of wounds received on the 9th May, 1801, near Ramanieh; and it should be mentioned that General Lawson himself was severely wounded at the battle of Alexandria.

By General orders of 31st October and 1st November, 1803, the officers, non-commissioned officers, and men of the various companies which had served in Egypt were permitted to wear the “Sphynx,” with the word “Egypt” on their regimental caps; but the distinction was a personal one, and not to be perpetuated in the companies. In regiments of the Line the distinction is perpetuated by emblazonment on their colours. Although, however, the decoration itself was but personal, the traditions of the deeds which it commemorated are the inheritance of the batteries, whose predecessors fought under the shadow of the Pyramids. Let them treasure the memories of gallantry and of difficulties overcome, and in the hours of their own toils and dangers let them “remember Egypt.”

Note.—Detachments of two, if not three companies, in addition to those named above, were present in Egypt, and will be found mentioned in the tables in Volume i.

CHAPTER VII.
To 1803.

So many important events will demand detailed notice presently, that this chapter must be confined to a bare statement of facts, necessary to keep the chain of the Regimental history complete. The circumstances, under which the Royal Irish Artillery was incorporated as the 7th Vol. i. pp. 163 & 417. Battalion of the Regiment, have already been mentioned. No sooner had the amalgamation taken place, than a questionable step was taken by the authorities at the Ordnance: they ordered the 5th Battalion to proceed to Ireland, and relieve the 7th; and the six companies of the 7th Battalion, which were serving in their native land, were promptly shipped off to the West Indies to relieve the companies of the 1st, 2nd, and 4th Battalions. This instant use of the new battalion to garrison an unpleasant station can hardly have had a conciliatory effect; and doubtless the sudden and unpleasant change of quarters awakened occasional doubts as to the value of the Union—in a military point of view,—if not occasional mental growlings on the subject of “Justice to Ireland,” among those who had to exchange the pleasures of Dublin for the disadvantages of the tropics. Be this as it may, in 1802 the new battalion was ordered to the West Indies.

The arrangements of the Board for the reliefs of the companies at this time reveal a very distinct attempt to secure, as far as possible, that companies of the same battalion should serve on the same station. For example, it was decided that, in 1803, the whole of the companies at Gibraltar should belong to the 6th Battalion; that the 1st and 2nd Battalions should be collected in England; the 5th in Ireland; and that the detached commands, and the wants of Canada should be supplied by the 3rd and 4th Battalions. The scheme was marred by an occasional company of a battalion, which it was hoped to concentrate, being found to be at the Cape of Good Hope, or Ceylon; but the effort was honestly made, and with the best intentions. That it utterly failed during the tempest of war, which was so soon and so long to rage, was not the fault of those who hoped to produce a very different state of affairs; but the result of inevitable causes. The American War had proved the inconvenience of a battalion’s head-quarters being on the scene of hostilities: the lesson was accepted, and the various head-quarters were located at Woolwich; and therefore, the fact having been once admitted that the necessary control could be exercised, at a distance, over an individual company, all ideas of symmetry had to yield to necessity: and whencesoever a company could be most readily obtained, from that station it was taken, irrespective of the battalion to which it belonged. The test of a system frequently does not occur until the system must vanish before it; and this was the case in the wars between 1807 and 1815, which proved most satisfactorily that the official dreams of the Ordnance in 1802 and 1803 were not worth the paper on which they were written. Out of the web which was so honestly spun, the company, in time of war, made its inevitable escape, and asserted yet again its right to be called the Artillery unit.

On the signing of the Treaty of Peace, at Amiens, on the 27th March, 1802, immediate reductions were ordered in the military forces of England. In the Royal Artillery they took the form of reductions in the strength of the companies; and the following was the scheme, approved by the Master General, on the recommendation of Colonel Macleod. The short-lived amity between the French and English Governments did not admit of the reductions being altogether carried out; but it is interesting to see how they were proposed to be conducted.

Proposal agreed to on 7 Dec. 1801.

——	Sergeants.	Corporals.	Bombardiers.	Gunners.	Drumers.	Non-effectives.	Total.
Present strength of one Battalion	40	40	70	980	30	30	1,190
Proposed strength	30	30	60	700	30	30	880
To be reduced	10	10	10	280	··	··	310
Total reduction in seven Battalions	70	70	70	1,960	··	··	2,170

N.B. Of the above number of men to be reduced, there were about 680 men from the Militia, who were entitled to their discharge.

This reduction left the proportion of non-commissioned officers to gunners the same as before, viz. 1 to 6. During the American War, it had been as 1 to 5; after the peace of 1783, it fell to 1 to 7; and during the earlier wars of the French Revolution it rose to 1 to 6.

The strength of the Corps of Gunner-drivers in 1802 was as follows: Seven troops, each consisting of—

1	Captain-Commissary.
2	Lieutenants-Commissary.
2	Staff-Sergeants.
4	Sergeants.
6	First Corporals.
6	Second Corporals.
6	Farriers.
3	Smiths.
4	Collar-Makers.
4	Wheelers.
150	Gunner-drivers.
25	Riding Horses.

Staff.—	1 Quartermaster.
	1 Veterinary Surgeon.

The gunner-drivers attached to, and doing duty with the Horse Brigade, are not included above, being by a Royal Warrant of 1st September, 1801, mustered and paid with the Troops to which they were attached. These were in number 336. There were also 18 quartermaster-commissaries awaiting absorption, having been struck off the establishment on reduction. The number of horses belonging to the Corps of Gunner-drivers at this time included 2300 draught-horses, and 178 riding-horses.

Colonel Macleod remained Deputy Adjutant-General: General Lloyd was commandant of Woolwich: General Blomefield, Inspector of Artillery: Sir William Congreve, Comptroller of the Laboratory; and General Duncan Drummond, Director-General of Artillery.

Chevrons were put on the arms of non-commissioned officers, according to the rules of the Army generally, instead of epaulettes, in the year 1802. The Royal Artillery Band was increased from 10 to 21 in the same year.

Two allusions to methods of discharging men at this time, which are found in the official correspondence, speak for themselves. The first is an order to discharge a man for his bad conduct, and to hand him over to the press-gang: and the second is a reply to a request from Lord Napier, that a man might be discharged, to enable him to support his Colonel Macleod to Colonel Hadden, 9 Jan. 1802. family; and is as follows: “Charles Copeland; 5 feet 11 inches in height; a wife and two children. It is observed that he would have been discharged, if he had been lucky enough to have three.”

Note.—By inadvertence, it was omitted to be noticed in the first volume of this work, in giving the list of Masters-General of the Ordnance, that Lord Chatham held that appointment from 18th June, 1801, to 14th February, 1806, and was reappointed on 4th April, 1807, the date given in vol. i. as that of his first appointment. Lord Moira was Master-General from 14th February, 1806, to 4th April, 1807.

CHAPTER VIII.
The Eighth Battalion.

The Treaty of Amiens was not destined to be carried out in its entirety by the nations concerned. Napoleon’s hostility to the English could not be concealed; and the evacuation of Malta, Alexandria, and the Cape of Good Hope, which had been commenced by the latter, in accordance with the terms of the Treaty, was never fully completed. On the 13th March, 1803, Lord Whitworth, the English Ambassador, was publicly insulted by Napoleon at the Tuileries; and on the 6th May he quitted Paris. The recommencement of hostilities with France was aggravated by another insurrection in Ireland, which was happily quelled with little difficulty. But the general state of affairs was so serious that an augmentation of the military forces in England became urgently necessary, as well as renewed activity on the part of the fleet. The Government received warm and cordial support from the people, both as a body and individually. Lord Chatham, then Master-General of the Ordnance, received Mr. J. Bagot, London, to Lord Chatham, dated 11 July, 1803. on the 18th July a letter from a Mr. John Bagot, to the following effect:—“Being anxious in the present awful crisis to come forward in any line that my services can be of use to my King and country, I beg leave to offer, for the consideration of your Lordship, to raise a Battalion of Artillery, of 300 men, for the war or such further period as may be necessary, and on such terms as your Lordship or His Majesty’s Government may direct....”

The state of recruiting in England was, however, so favourable, that the Master-General was not compelled to have recourse to private enterprise to obtain the necessary augmentations to the Regiment. The number of non-commissioned officers and men in the Horse Brigade and Marching Mem. to Master-Gen^l. from Colonel Macleod, 13 Aug. 1803. Battalions of the Royal Artillery on the 1st January, 1803, was 6777; on the 1st June, notwithstanding the loss of 306 men by death or discharge, the total had increased to 7119; and in two months more, it stood at 7439, besides 131 recruits in the country districts, not yet posted. The Corps of Gunner-drivers had increased in the same period by 1109 men. It was therefore resolved to increase the Regiment by another battalion, the 8th, and the first intimation of this resolution is found in a private letter from Colonel Macleod to Lieut.-Colonel Willington, dated 7 Sept. 1803. the Deputy Adjutant-General. “It is at last, I believe, determined,” he wrote, “to increase the Artillery, even under all the disadvantages of a deficiency in officers. The cadets are doubled; and the winter may do a good deal for us: in the mean time we take twenty of the most forward. Our companies will only have two 1st Lieutenants: there will be hardly a 2nd Lieutenant upon the establishment.”

On the 13th September seven companies were formed, and on the 6th December, three additional companies were added to the battalion. The establishment of each company was as follows:—

Lieutenant Kane to R. H. Crew, Esq.

1	Captain.
1	Captain-Lieutenant.
2	First Lieutenants.
1	Second Lieutenant.
4	Sergeants.
4	Corporals.
8	Bombardiers (and 3 non-effective, i.e. paper men).
97	Gunners.
3	Drummers.

Many of the men for the 8th Battalion were obtained by calling for volunteers from the Army of Reserve; and although every obstacle was thrown in the way of this method of obtaining recruits, by the officers commanding the Reserve Battalions, which were this year called out for service, very many excellent men were thus obtained.

It is unfortunate that the Battalion record-book of the 8th Battalion has been lost since 1859, the year when Battalion Head-quarters were abolished, because, although these books were, as a rule, very meagre in the information they afforded, they nevertheless supplied facts which it would have been difficult to obtain elsewhere without great Lieut. J. Ritchie, Staff-Officer, Coast Brigade, R.A. labour. That labour, in the case of the 8th Battalion, has been readily undertaken by an officer at Head-quarters, and to his industry the reader is indebted for the following tables.

Unfortunately, the history of the companies of the 8th and 9th Battalions, after 1850, must be postponed until the separate work on the Crimean services of the Artillery shall be written. But these tables give the earlier history, and the various stations—down to about 1850—on which the companies served, as well as the succession of Captains: and the war services of most of the companies will be found in the subsequent accounts of the various campaigns.

No. 1 COMPANY, 8th BATTALION,
Now “H” BATTERY, 1st BRIGADE, R.A.[10]

Succession of Captains.	Stations.
1803 F. Walker.	Formed 1803, 13th Sep., Woolwich.
1803 J. Hawker.	—
1803 W. Scott.	1803 Dec., Gibraltar.
1803 R. Hope.	1808 Aug., Portugal. (Exp^n.)
1804 R. W. Adye.	1815 Feb., Woolwich.
1804 23rd Oct., A. Bredin.	1819 Feb., Dover.
1816 22nd May, J. Taylor.	1822 Feb., Mauritius.
1819 1st Feb., A. Munro.	1830 15th Dec., Woolwich.
1823 3rd July, T. Greatley.	1834 1st Feb., Jersey.
1828 23rd Nov., J. Sinclair.	1840 29th Aug., Woolwich.
1841 25th Oct., W. Greenwood.	1841 27th Nov., China.
1848 30th May, P. Ellis.	1848 4th March, Woolwich.
	1848 22nd Nov., Ireland.

No. 2 COMPANY, 8th BATTALION,
Now “H” BATTERY, 11th BRIGADE, R.A.

Succession of Captains.	Stations.
1803 H. Owen.	Formed 1803, 13th Sep., Woolwich.
1803 A. Macdonald.	—
1803 1st Dec., C. Baynes.	1803 Dec., Malta.
1806 6th Nov., H. Hickman.	1805 Oct., Sicily. (Exp^n.)
1823 24th July, H. Baynes.	1807 May, Alexandria.
1826 12th Dec., A. Macdonald.	1807 Nov., Sicily.
1833 23rd May, J. A. Chalmers.	1815 May, Naples.
1841 23rd Nov., J. H. Griffin.	1815 July, Genoa.
1847 19th Sept., D. W. Paynter.	1816 Feb., Malta.
	1819 July, Woolwich.
	1823 Oct., Guernsey.
	1827 July, Woolwich.
	1827 Oct., Jamaica.
	1833 May, Woolwich.
	1838 Jan., Ireland.
	1842 Oct., Woolwich.
	1842 Nov., West Indies.
	1848 April, Woolwich.
	1849 Feb., Scotland.

No. 3 COMPANY, 8th BATTALION,[11]
Afterwards “1” Battery, 11th Brigade; “3” Battery, 14th Brigade; “C” Battery, 14th Brigade, and “8” Battery, 13th Brigade. (Vide vol. i. p. 441.)

Reduced 1st February, 1871.

Succession of Captains.	Stations.
1803 G. Desbrisay.	Formed 1803, 13th Sep., Woolwich.
1804 1st June, J. Dyer.	—
1806 9th March, W. M. Leake.	1804 Aug., Sevenoaks.
1808 12th Feb., W. Morrison.	1804 Oct., Woolwich.
1811 31st May, G. Skyring.	1804 Nov., Gibraltar.
1820 6th Nov., J. P. Adye.	1808 9th June, Expⁿ under General Spencer.
1831 27th Oct., P. V. England.	1808 27th July, Gibraltar.
1833 3rd Nov., J. Longley.	1821 10th Sept., Woolwich.
1838 28th June, J. Pascoe.	1826 7th July, Dublin.
1842 13th April, C. Gostling.	1827 28th Sept., Ballincollig.
1847 5th March, T. A. Shone.	1828 16th April, Ionian Islands.
1850 28th Sept., G. Gambier.	1836 2nd Sept., Woolwich.
	1841 29th March, Ireland.
	1844 9th May, Woolwich.
	1844 19th October, Malta.

No. 4 COMPANY, 8th BATTALION,
Now “7” BATTERY, 12th BRIGADE, R.A.

Succession of Captains.	Stations.
1803 13th Sept., T. Boger.	Formed 1803, 13th Sep., Woolwich.
1803 13th Sept., C. Baynes.	—
1803 1st Dec., A. Macdonald.	1804 May, Colchester.
1804 1st June, W. R. Carey.	1804 Dec., Woolwich.
1812 23rd April, W. Scott.	1805 March, Expⁿ under Sir J. Craig.
1814 25th Dec., H. Pierce.	1805 Oct., Malta.
1819 1st Feb., J. P. Cockburn.	1822 April, Woolwich.
1819 23rd Feb., C. H. Fitzmayer.	1826 Dec., Portugal.
1819 22nd April, R. Douglas.	1828 April, Woolwich.
1826 21st Dec., W. Wylde.	1831 Nov., Ireland.
1839 24th Nov., E. J. Bridges.	1838 Feb., Woolwich.
1842 13th April, C. H. Mee.	1838 July, Halifax, N.S.
1850 16th July, C. C. Young.	1845 Nov., Woolwich.
	1847 Dec., Dover.
	1850 Jan., Woolwich.

No. 5 COMPANY, 8th BATTALION,
Now “G” BATTERY, 1st BRIGADE, R.A.

Succession of Captains.	Stations.
1803 13th Sept., B. Fenwick.	Formed 1803, 13th Sep., Woolwich.
1803 1st Nov., P. Drummond.	——
1804 1st Dec., R. Pym.	1804 Nov., Plymouth.
1815 28th Oct., G. C. Coffin.	1805 March, Sicily. (Exp^n.)
1817 1st April, J. Maclachlan.	1807 May, Alexandria.
1825 29th July, F. Arabin.	1807 Nov., Sicily.
1832 18th July, T. Cubitt.	1810 Jan, Expedⁿ under Sir J. Stuart.
1836 25th May, W. E. Locke.	1810 Sept., Sicily.
1846 12th Dec., J. Hill.	1814 Feb., Genoa.
	1814 May, Expⁿ to America.
	1815 June, Woolwich.
	1819 Feb., Dublin.
	1821 June, Limerick.
	1821 Dec., Dublin.
	1822 June, Ionian Islands.
	1828 Aug., Woolwich.
	1833 May, Ireland.
	1839 April, Halifax, N.S.
	1845 Nov., Woolwich.
	1847 Nov., Weedon.
	1848 April, Birmingham.
	1850 Jan., Woolwich.
	1850 Oct., Gibraltar.

No. 6 COMPANY, 8th BATTALION,
Now “D” BATTERY, 9th BRIGADE, R.A.

Succession of Captains.	Stations.
1803 13th Sept., J. S. Williamson.	Formed 1803, 13th Sep., Woolwich.
1803 1st Oct., R. Buckner.	——
1808 15th May, J. S. Williamson.	1803 Nov., Canterbury.
1814 25th Dec., J. P. Adye.	1804 Feb., Chatham.
1819 1st March, J. A. Clement.	1806 July, Sicily. (Exp^n.)
1827 31st Dec., E. Barlow.	1809 May, Sir J. Stuart’s Exp{^n.
1828 30th June, E. Cruttenden.	1809 July (about), Sicily.
1841 25th Jan., H. Williams.	1809 Sept., Zante.
1842 19th Nov., C. R. Dickens.	1811 Dec., Sicily.
1845 14th June, J. E. Dupuis.	1812 July, Spain.
1846 16th Nov., H. Pester.	1814 May, Genoa.
1847 30th Jan., F. S. Hamilton.	1816 Feb., Malta.
	1816 July, Ionian Islands.
	1822 Dec., Woolwich.
	1827 March, Portsmouth.
	1830 March, Mauritius.
	1842 March, Woolwich.
	1843 Aug., Channel Islands.
	1846 March, Woolwich.
	1847 Jan., Malta.

No. 7 COMPANY, 8th BATTALION,
Now “H” BATTERY, 8th BRIGADE, R.A.

Succession of Captains.	Stations.
1803 13th Sept., R. Douglas.	Formed 1803, 13th Sep., Woolwich.
1804 1st Oct., E. Curry.	——
1806 1st June, R. Dickinson.	1805 Nov., Exeter.
1806 15th Sept., T. S. Hughes.	1807 May, Plymouth.
1808 29th June, R. Lawson.	1807 Dec., Expⁿ under General Spencer.
1819 1st May, F. Knox.	1808 May, Gibraltar.
1832 23rd Dec., J. H. Ward.	1808 Aug., Expⁿ under General Spencer.
1844 1st April, F. Miller.	1808 Aug., Portugal and Spain.
1844 24th Aug., A. R. Harrison.	1814 Aug., Dublin.
1846 16th Nov., J. W. Fitzmayer.	1816 Aug., Pendennis and Exeter.
1847 14th May, G. Maclean.	1818 Sept., Ballincollig.
	1821 July, Gibraltar.
	1822 July, Ionian Islands.
	1828 Jan., Woolwich.
	1830 March, Leith.
	1833 June, Woolwich.
	1835 Nov., Bermuda.
	1842 May, Woolwich.
	1843 Oct., Ireland.
	1846 Aug., Woolwich
	1847 July, Ceylon.

No. 8 COMPANY, 8th BATTALION,
Now “1” BATTERY, 7th BRIGADE, R.A.

Succession of Captains.	Stations.
1803 6th Dec., H. Fraser.	Formed 1803, 6th Dec., Woolwich.
1815 16th May, H. B. Lane.	——
1819 1st March, E. C. Whinyates.	1806 May, Warley.
1823 3rd July, J. S. Bastard.	1806 July, Malta.
1836 26th April, L. S. B. Robertson.	1809 June, Sicily.
1838 16th Nov., G. Spiller.	1809 June, Expⁿ under Sir J. Stuart.
1843 18th May, W. Berners.	1811 Nov., Zante.
1845 21st May, G. Bingham.	1814 July, Corfu.
	1822 Dec., Woolwich.
	1827 June, Guernsey.
	1829 May, Woolwich.
	1830 Feb., Cape of Good Hope.
	1842 March, Woolwich.
	1843 Oct., Leith.
	1846 May, Woolwich.
	1847 July, Ceylon.

No. 9 COMPANY, 8th BATTALION,
Now “7” BATTERY, 17th BRIGADE, R.A.

11th Battalion Records.

Succession of Captains.	Stations.
1803 6th Dec., J. Vivion.	Formed 1803, 6th Dec., Woolwich.
1803 6th Dec., R. W. Adye.	——
1804 1st Jan., R. Hope.	1806 Nov., Sevenoaks.
1804 20th July, R. T. Raynsford.	1807 April, Exeter.
1811 18th Nov., R. W. Gardiner.	1807 Dec., Plymouth.
1813 23rd Jan., S. Du Bourdieu.	1808 May, Expⁿ under Sir A. Wellesley.
1813 23rd July, L. Carmichael.	1808 Oct., Spain.
1816 7th June, C. F. Sandham.	1809 Jan., Chatham.
* * * * *	1810 Sept., Exeter.
1848 7th Aug., G. C. R. Levinge.	1810 Oct, Plymouth.
1854 A. C. L. Fitzroy.	1811 April, Portugal, Spain, and France.
1854 H. F. Strange.	1814 May, Expⁿ to North
1856 F. R. Glanville.	1814 Oct., Jamaica.
	1814 Nov., New Orleans.
	1815 June, Belgium and France.
	1816 Feb., Woolwich.

N.B.—This Company was in the Crimea from 1854-56, and was present at the Battle of Inkerman. (11th Battalion Records.)

Reduced at Woolwich, 31st Jan., 1819.

Reformed at Woolwich, 7th Aug., 1848.

Transferred to 11th Battalion as No. 8 Company, on 1st November, 1848. Became 7 Battery, 5th Brigade, on 1st July, 1859, and 7 Battery, 17th Brigade, on 1st Oct., 1867.

No. 10 COMPANY, 8th BATTALION,
Reduced at Woolwich on 28th February, 1819.

Succession of Captains.	Stations.
1803 6th Dec., R. Pym.	Formed 1803, 6th Dec., Woolwich.
1804 1st Dec., P. Drummond.	——
1806 1st Jan., W. Millar.	1806 Feb., Sevenoaks.
1806 27th March, P. Meadows.	1806 Nov., Woolwich.
1811 5th Sept., J. P. Eligé.	1807 July, Copenhagen.
1812 20th Jan., T. A. Brandreth.	1807 Nov., Chatham.
	1807 Nov., Woolwich.
	1807 Dec., Exeter.
	1809 March, Plymouth.
	1810 Oct., Portugal and Spain.
	1814 Aug., Shorncliffe.
	1816 July, Portsmouth.
	1816 Dec., Ireland.
	1819 Feb., Woolwich.

Vol. ii. chap. 2.

Between the formation of the 8th and 9th Battalions, an augmentation of five troops of Horse Artillery took place, as has been mentioned elsewhere. Very little interest attaches to this period, except that in 1806 the commencement of a garrison of Royal Artillery in Italy and Sicily took place, which remained in these countries for some years. In 1806, six companies of the Royal Artillery were stationed there; in 1807 there were five; in 1808, four; in 1809, five; in 1810, five; and in 1814, the last year of the occupation, there were four. The war in Italy, which was distinguished in 1806 by the English victory of Maida, is thus described by the officer who commanded the Royal Artillery on the Major Lemoine, R.A., to Brig.-Gen^l. Macleod. expedition. “On the 28th June (1806) I received orders from the Commander-in-Chief to have in readiness for a particular service a detachment of Artillery with some light guns. In consequence I made a collection, and on the 30th embarked with the greater part of the army, the Commander-in-Chief (Sir John Stuart) taking the field. On the 2nd July we anchored on the coast of Calabria, near St. Eufemia, and landed immediately. After taking a position, and reconnoitring the country, we moved forward at daylight on the 4th to the Plains of Maida, near where the enemy, under the command of General Regnier, had assembled. On our approach, he descended to the plains, and having formed his line, which we had already done, the two armies met near the centre of the plain, and came to immediate action, which lasted nearly an hour and a quarter, when the French were charged by our Light Infantry, and their left completely turned; the right also gave way shortly after. We pursued them the whole extent of the plain, nearly six miles, and gained a complete victory. The prisoners acknowledge to have had in action 8000 men: the British army had 4600. Our loss very trifling—only one officer killed, 41 men, and 253 wounded. The loss of the enemy cannot be correctly ascertained, though we have taken and killed upwards of 2000. Many of their wounded got off to the mountains, and General Regnier among them, severely wounded. General Piegri was killed; General Coupère wounded, and prisoner; the rest of the army has retired in a confused state some distance, and is much harassed by the natives. Sir John Stuart, finding the army retiring so fast, thought it most desirable to return to the coast, and marched to this place (Monteloine) on the 8th, where we found 200 French, and great quantities of stores, which we are now embarking. There are also two or three other posts along the coast which they left in the same manner, and which are now in our possession. I understand that as soon as everything is embarked, the army will return to Messina. I have the honour to enclose you the General Orders of the 4th instant, and have to add that the whole of the Artillery in this little expedition were in the front of the action, and behaved in the most cool and gallant manner. Captain Pym, on the right of the Grenadiers, with two 6-pounders and a howitzer, repulsed two squadrons of cavalry in attempting to break our line. Lieutenant Bayley, with two 4-pounders, in front of the Light Infantry, made good use of his case-shot, till that corps charged, when they ran over his guns; indeed every officer and soldier gave me his utmost assistance, and I should be wanting in gratitude to them did I not acknowledge it; though to you, sir, I should be doubly wanting, did I not take the earliest opportunity of thanking you for having entrusted to my command a detachment of Artillery that have so gallantly distinguished themselves, before an enemy nearly double their numbers.”[12]

CHAPTER IX.
The Ninth Battalion.

This Battalion of the Royal Artillery was formed in an eventful year. Whether we regard it from a political or a purely military point of view, the year 1806 had an important influence on those which followed it.

The previous year, the year of Austerlitz, had witnessed the collapse of Pitt’s coalition against Napoleon, and the consequent isolation of England. But it was also the year of Trafalgar; and left England still mistress of the seas.

With 1806 came the Battle of Jena, Napoleon’s triumphal entry into Berlin, and the issue of his famous declaration against English commerce, which, if obeyed to the letter, would have put England virtually in a state of blockade. It was a critical year for a country whose commerce was her very life-blood; and in this very year, those who had so long steered the ship of the State, William Pitt and Charles James Fox, were removed by death. But the country took up the gauntlet thrown down by Napoleon, and from this year conducted with sternness and determination a war which, from being one of resistance, became one for existence as well.

It was a year, too, which should be remembered fondly in the annals of the British Army—the year of the Battle of Maida, described in the last chapter, where the gallantry of the British troops against Napoleon’s tried legions obtained a victory, which had a moral influence both in England and on the Continent, which is perhaps rarely realised now.

Grasping the importance of the situation, and greatly assisted by the ease of obtaining recruits, the Board of Ordnance resolved on an augmentation of the Royal Artillery to the extent of yet another battalion. The strength of the Regiment, and its periodical increase and decrease, are ascertainable from a return which used to be furnished annually to the Board, called the “Wear and Tear of the Regiment for the year ending,” &c. From this return it would appear that during the year 1805, the number of gunner-recruits who joined the Horse Artillery and Marching Battalions was no less than 2574. But the wear and tear by death, transfer, desertion, &c., during the same period was 1017, so that the net increase was 1557; the Regiment rising from 10,203, at which it stood on 1st January, 1805, to 11,760, its strength on the 31st December in the same year. During the same period the Corps of Royal Artillery Drivers, and Drivers attached to the Horse Brigade, had received 489 recruits, and, allowing for the wear and tear during the year, had increased from 4897 to 4986 of all ranks, excluding officers.

It is hardly possible that this large increase to the establishment had been allowed by the Board without a motive; and it may indeed be assumed with tolerable certainty that the formation of the 9th Battalion had been to some extent contemplated during Napoleon’s successes in 1805. This impression is confirmed by reference to the returns for the year 1806, which show that the increase to the Regiment during that year was only half what had taken place during the year preceding.

The increase which had been permitted during the year 1805 proved to be greater than was necessary for the wants of the new Battalion; and the establishment of the Regiment was found on the 1st May, 1806, to have been exceeded by over 400 men. This excess, however, was soon swallowed up by the year’s wear and tear, which in 1806 amounted to 874 men.

The promotions consequent on the formation of the new Battalion were gazetted on 22nd May, 1806, and Major-General Thomas Blomefield was appointed Colonel-Commandant. The record-book of the Battalion, like that of the 8th, has been lost since the introduction of the Brigade system. It was permitted to accompany the head-quarters of the 9th Brigade, and during their frequent changes of station it has been mislaid—offering another argument, if one were needed, in favour of the centralization of all military records. As in the case of the 8th Battalion, so in Lieut. J. Ritchie, Staff-Officer Coast Brigade, R.A. the present instance the Regiment is indebted to an officer at Head-quarters for the following facts connected with the companies prior to 1850. Their present designations, and the stations in which they served, have been given, and the succession of Captains down to a certain date. The war services of some companies will be found mentioned in the succeeding narrative, and the tables will be completed, should the compilation of the separate work on the Crimea be at some future time accomplished.

No. 1 COMPANY, 9th BATTALION,
Now “G” BATTERY, 9th BRIGADE, R.A.

List of Captains down to 1850.	Stations on which the Company has served.
1806 Captain J. S. Robison	1806 Woolwich.
1808 Captain J. T. Cowper.	1807 Ireland.
1819 Captain W. D. Nicolls.	1816 Jamaica.
1833 Captain G. Durnford.	1825 Woolwich.
1842 Captain R. B. Rawnsley.	1827 Ireland.
1845 Captain H. G. Teesdale.	1833 Woolwich.
1846 Captain R. M. Poulden.	1833 Gibraltar.
1846 Captain A. J. Taylor.	1842 Woolwich.
1850 Captain T. Elwyn.	1843 Ireland.
	1846 Woolwich.
	1847 Barbadoes.

No. 2 COMPANY, 9th BATTALION,
Now “E” BATTERY, 8th BRIGADE, R.A.

List of Captains who have commanded down to 1846.	List of Stations where the Company has served down to 1850.
1806 Captain J. Smith.	1806 Woolwich.
1807 Captain J. W. Tobin.	1807 Ireland.
1814 Captain S. Bolton.	1815 Holland and France.
1815 Captain W. Clibborn.	1816 Woolwich.
1819 Captain C. Wilkinson.	1822 Barbadoes.
1825 Captain T. Dyneley.	1828 Woolwich.
1825 Captain J. Darby.	1831 Scotland.
1827 Captain C. Cruttenden.	1835 Woolwich.
1827 Captain P. W. Walker.	1836 Gibraltar.
1840 Captain R. Clarke.	1845 Woolwich.
1846 Captain C. V. Cockburn.	1847 Guernsey.
	1849 Woolwich.
	1850 Jamaica.

No. 3 COMPANY, 9th BATTALION,
Afterwards “8” Battery, 11th Brigade; then “7” Battery, 14th Brigade; then “G” Battery, 14th Brigade;

Now “B” BATTERY, 14th BRIGADE, R.A.

Names of Captains down to 1843.	Stations on which the Company served down to 1847.
1806 Captain J. M. Close.	1806 Woolwich.
1819 Captain H. Pierce.	1807 Plymouth.
1824 Captain H. A. Scott.	1810 Ireland.
1836 Captain T. G. Higgins.	1816 Jamaica.
1842 Captain F. Holcombe.	1825 Woolwich.
1843 Captain J. Tylden.	1828 Ireland.
	1833 Gibraltar.
	1842 Woolwich.
	1844 Ireland.
	1847 Woolwich.
	1847 Barbadoes.

No. 4 COMPANY, 9th BATTALION,
Now “6” BATTERY, 12th BRIGADE, R.A.

Captains who have commanded the Company to 1846.	Stations on which the Company has served to 1848.
1806 Captain H. Crawford.	1806 Woolwich.
1807 Captain W. Lloyd.	1808 Canterbury.
1808 Captain N. W. Oliver.	1809 Walcheren.
1810 Captain S. Maxwell.	1809 Canterbury.
1812 Captain J. Hawker.	1813 Holland.
1814 Captain C. G. Alms.	1815 France.
1819 Captain P. J. Hughes.	1816 Woolwich.
1825 Captain W. B. Dundas.	1819 Ireland.
1833 Captain C. Cruttenden.	1825 Jamaica.
1838 Captain G. T. Rowland.	1830 Woolwich.
1846 Captain G. Innes.	1833 Newcastle, Leeds, &c.
	1838 Woolwich.
	1840 Jamaica.
	1846 Woolwich.
	1848 Ireland.

No. 5 COMPANY, 9th BATTALION,
Now “2” BATTERY, 3rd BRIGADE, R.A.

Captains who have commanded the Company to 1846.	Stations on which the Company has served to 1849.
1806 Captain J. May.	1806 Woolwich.
1807 Captain J. W. Tobin.	1809 Chatham.
1807 Captain J. W. Smith.	1809 Chatham.
1809 Captain H. Stone.	1809 Walcheren.
1813 Captain J. Michell.	1809 Chatham.
1830 Captain M. Louis.	1811 Portsmouth.
1837 Captain C. Otway.	1812 Peninsula and France.
1837 Captain R. Palmer.	1814 America.
1846 Captain W. H. Forbes.	1815 Holland and France.
	1816 Woolwich.
	1819 Weedon.
	1824 Woolwich.
	1824 Jamaica.
	1830 Woolwich.
	1834 Ireland
	1840 Woolwich.
	1841 Mauritius.
	1849 Woolwich.

No. 6 COMPANY, 9th BATTALION,
Reduced 28th February, 1819.

Names of Captains.	Stations on which the Company served.
1806 Captain F. Griffiths.	1806 Woolwich.
1808 Captain P. J. Hughes.	1808 Battle.
	1810 Cadiz.
	1814 Woolwich.
	1816 Plymouth.