HOW A HUNTER ENCOUNTERED BMULE´, VISITED HIS COUNTRY, AND OBTAINED A BOON
- Ni·ga´
- And
- be·səgwəda´
- once
- alnα̨bα´
- a man
- ki·wadi·eli´n
- went hunting
- nda´tαmα
- not
- ke´gwi
- anything
- nami·təwi´
- he could see
- ni·gayu´
- and soon
- pe´mose`t
- he came
- si·bu´k`
- to a river
- ni´obe´dji·gada`dusəmi`n
- then he grew thirsty
- nspi·wi.´
- at the same time
- bawadji·´
- because of it
- α̨dabi´t
- he sat down
- ni·yu·´
- and here
- gi·zi·´
- after
- abi·´t`
- he sat
- ni·yu·´
- here
- ugada´wəs·əmi`n
- he was going to drink
- ni·gełα´
- and so
- ni·´yu.
- here
- udli·´dαpsidoda`mən
- here stooped down
- yunəbi´k
- here water
- lagwi·wi·`
- toward
- ni·yu·´
- and here
- nəbi·´k
- in the water
- wəda´li·na`mi·hαn
- there he saw
- aweni´li´l`
- somebody
- eləwe´gwi·na`
- like really
- pmauzəwi·´n´u`k
- a human being
- li·´nαŋgᵂzu`
- resembling
- ndaganowa´
- but not that
- wᴐ·we´lmα̨wi·a`l`
- he knew him
- aweni·wa´
- who that
- ke´nəwagi·zi·`
- but that he had
- una´ nodaməna`l
- heard of him
- ni·aweni·´
- that one
- eli·gi´t`
- was like
- sak`hi·wa´
- behold
- bmulε·´
- Bmule´.
- negani·´
- Then
- wudji·am`ki´n
- he got up
- ni·
- then
- wənα̨´djigαntłα̨zin
- he went and hid himself
- u`wa
- that
- alnα̨be´
- man
- ni·gi·zi·´gα̨tłα̨zi`t`
- and after he hid
- ni·yu·´
- then
- dα̨´dəbi·nawα`n
- as he noticed him
- yuli´l
- this
- wi·dα̨ba`l`[62]
- his friend
- dαni·dji·´wədla`dake`n
- what was he going to do
- ni·gewa´
- then that.
- bmulε´
- Bmule´
- ni·wədji·´pənα̨dawe`n
- Then he climbed
- i·yu·´
- here
- abazi·´k
- in a tree
- ni·gat·e·´
- at once
- eli·nawα´nt`
- it appeared like
- yuli´
- this
- alnα̨ba´l`
- man
- eli·taləs·əmi·´t`
- as he saw lying
- yu·
- here
- si·bu´k
- in the river
- ni·agəma´
- that one
- egəmα´t·atci·`
- where he also
- α̨si·dai·wi´
- in his turn
- ogado´`səmi`n
- he was going to drink,
- ni·yu´
- then
- wi·zα̨wi·´mani·`m[63]
- his gold
- ge·´lada`k
- in his mouth
- ni·wikwənəmə´n
- and he took it out
- ni·yu´k·i·`k
- and here on the ground
- ubᴐ´nəmən
- he lay it
- ni·wa´lnα̨bε`´
- then that man
- gi·zi·ne´mitα̨ŋk`ᵂ
- when he saw it
- ei·gadənə´k
- where he hid it
- i·yuwədo´nαk
- here in his mouth
- ni·yuwədli·dəhα̨zi´n
- and he thought
- nα̨dji·´kəmodənα´n
- to go and steal it.
- ni·geła´
- So accordingly
- ni·yu´
- then
- mα̨djegᵂzi`n
- he started to crawl
- walnα̨bε´
- that man
- abαk·skadai·wi·`
- flat on his belly
- wadji·nda´
- so that not
- wewᴐ̹·lα´ŋk`ᵂ
- he would know it
- yuli´l`
- this
- wi·dα̨ba´l`
- his friend
- ni·gαn·i·´
- then
- gi·zi·be´sudji·wi·`
- when he had come near
- pedji·gwəzi·´t
- coming crawling
- ni·gi·gi·mi·wi·´
- slyly
- uwikwənəmə´n
- he took it
- wi·zα̨wi´mani·`
- the gold.
- ni·wa´gizəs·əmi·`t
- Then when he had drunk
- wabmulε·´
- that Bmule´
- elα̨bi´t ni·
- looking there
- ndα`tαmα̨`
- not,
- unami·´towα`n
- he saw it
- ni·yu´
- Then
- ga´dagi`dəhα̨zi´n
- he began to think about it
- ni·wədli·´dəhŋzi`n
- and he concluded.
- “eli·kəmo´dənamα`k`.”
- “So it is stolen from me.”
- ni·ganəwowa´
- And then that
- bmulε´
- Bmule´
- məde´oləno
- was a magician
- ogwa´
- it was said
- ni·gan·i·´.
- and then
- yu´t·e
- right there
- ni·
- that
- no´ləmi·wi·`
- abroad
- udli·´gelosi`n
- he spoke aloud
- ni·udi·damə´n
- and he said,
- “ni·dα̨bε´
- “My friend,
- kmi·´li·n·əba
- give me, do,
- ni·
- that
- nəwi·zα̨wi·´mani·`m
- my gold
- ki·yandaba´
- you can not
- ke´gwi·
- anything
- kdla´wakek·towα´n
- you make use of it
- ni·
- that
- ni·a´
- mine
- pma´uzowαŋa`n.
- life.
- ni`·
- Now
- si·bi·wi·
- also
- ndaba´
- can not
- nzi´p`ki·ngi·zi·tcani·ła`n`tamα̨`.
- I very long can stop anywhere.
- a´yagα`ntedji·´
- Pray unless that
- nabi·´wi·
- soon
- mi·li·ane´
- you give it to me
- ni·mi·li·ane´
- and if you give it to me
- kule´ləməgwawi`n
- you will have good luck
- nəwedji·´
- for that
- kəməs·e´ltodji·`
- you will have an abundance
- mani·´
- money
- medji·mi·wi·´
- always
- αnda´
- not
- nadi·e´ləwαŋga`n
- hunting
- kəne`´nodahαmə`.”
- you will lack.”
- ni·udi·łəgu´n
- Then he was told
- yuli´l`
- this
- a´lnα̨ba`l`
- man
- “ni·
- “Now
- gədα̨´ badji·`mi·l·α`n
- I will give you back
- kəwi·zawi·´mani·`m
- your gold
- ni·genowa´
- but then
- moza´k
- don’t
- pa´tcwuli·k·a`tc”
- cheat me.”
- ni·udi·łəgu´n
- And he was told
- “nda`ba´
- “Can not
- keba´tcwəl·o`
- cheat you
- ni·gα̨de´kse´gəzi·yanε`
- if not you are afraid of me
- ni·ga´
- and
- a´ida
- well
- tes·α̨dewα
- mount
- npəs·kwanə`k`
- upon my back
- ni·gəzα̨´ŋgəlα̨badji`n
- and hold tight
- pi·´t·adji·
- for exceedingly
- kəse´łα̨bənα`.”
- we will go fast.”
- ni·geła´
- Forthwith
- walnαbε´
- that man
- udes·α̨dawa´n
- mounted
- ubə´s·kwanə`k
- his back
- yuli´l`
- of this
- bmula´l`
- Bmule´.
- ni´·wa
- Then
- umα̨´djełα`n
- he went away
- ktci·´mədeolənu`
- the great magician
- ni·gα̨da´k
- even
- e´dudji·ełα`nt`
- so traveling
- wabmulε·´
- that Bmule´
- pek·i·´lα̨begwa`si·məgi·`
- could rise in the air.
- ni·gi·´zi·
- Then when
- met`ki·wi´k
- to the end
- wa´
- there
- obe´djiłα`n
- he came
- i·yu´
- here
- ede´li·bezwo`got
- there he brought him
- bmulaiki·´
- to Bmule´’s country
- li·wi·tα̨zu´.
- as it is called.
- ktaha´n·dwi·
- Great magic
- mədeolənowa`k
- shamans
- ai·yi·di·´t
- are there
- ma´ǫwi·
- together just
- baskwε·´
- at noon.
- payα̨di·´t
- They came
- yugi´k
- these
- mədeolənowa´k
- shamans
- ma´ǫwi·
- together
- gau´ldowak
- they slept.
- ni·yuli´l`
- Then this
- bmula´l`
- Bmule´
- pεzwogo´t
- bringing him
- ni´t·e
- right there
- yuk·i´k
- to this country
- ubu´nəgu`n
- he was put down
- ni·ude´łəgu`l
- and it was said to him,
- “yudala´di·eli·`
- “Here hunt
- təmakwa´k
- beavers
- si·bi·wi·´
- also
- wunəgi·gwa´k
- otters
- ni·kwi·wi·zα̨dji´n
- so hurry and get ready
- wi·biwi·´
- just
- ngedα´mkip·o`de[64]
- at one o’clock
- kda´tcwi·
- you must
- ayi·´n
- stay
- ni·gi·za´di·eli·ane`
- and after you have hunted
- ni·gəbəs·i·ha´dasi`n
- you skin them
- nabawi·´
- quickly
- ni·t·atci·´
- and then at once
- ko´lα̨bekhα̨da`mən
- bundle them up well
- kəmade´gənoma`k
- your hides
- ni·ni·ebla´
- until then
- tek·a´
- there
- ndatcwi·´l·os·e`
- I must go
- nda´ba
- it will not be
- sipki·wi·´
- long time
- ni·dji·nəbaya´n
- and I will come
- esmadji·´
- before will
- to`k·u´ldewi·a`k
- they wake up
- ktci·mədeolənowa´k
- great shamans
- nədji·´kəmαdja`ləlα´n
- so I will carry you back
- mi·na´
- again
- wa´dənαla`n”
- (to) where I got you.”
- ni·geła´
- Accordingly
- ni·gat·e´
- at once
- wa
- that
- yuli´l`.
- this
- wi·dα̨ba´l`
- his friend
- ela´gəki·mgo`t
- as he was told
- ni·wi·
- then
- hwi·zα̨dji´n
- he hurried
- ni·gat·e´
- and at once
- nunadi·e´ləwα̨mα`n
- then he hunted and packed them
- wunəgi·gwa´
- otters
- si·bi·wi·´
- also
- təma`kwa´
- beavers.
- ni·gi·zi·ni·łα̨ni·´
- After he had killed
- kipke´`tαhα`nt
- he cut off some meat
- ni·yu´
- and then
- bə´s·i·hada`s·i·łαn
- he skinned them
- nabi·nαŋgwa´t
- quickly it seemed
- ki·ni·´
- very much
- eli·wi·za`ke´k
- he hurried
- ni·ga´
- and then
- wᴐ̹·lαbek·hα̨da´mən
- he bundled them up well
- umadegənoma´
- his hides
- ni·gi·zi·´
- and after
- ki·zα̨dji·´t
- he was ready
- eli·dəhαzi·´t
- he thought,
- “ki·zi·ε´t·o´
- “It is after
- nahən´i·´
- now about
- nəgwədα´mki·p·ode·`
- one o’clock
- α̨gełαt·e´."
- surely.”
- ni·ga´nowa
- And then he
- wədli·dəhα̨zi´n
- thought,
- “ni·dα̨bε´
- “my friend
- nowa´neləmu`k`ᵂ”
- said what was true.”
- ni·ganowanda´
- And then not
- tαnetu´l`.
- did not know
- la´k`ᵂhε·ki·`
- how far
- wedji·bayα`nt
- he came from
- yuli´l`
- this
- wi·dα̨ba´l`
- his friend
- wəs·a´mi·wi·`tc
- because also
- nd´at·egəne`
- not he could
- ki·zi·djanabi·wi·`
- stop
- wa
- that
- ayagαnt·e´
- since
- we´dji·wi·`
- always
- mε·łαntde´
- traveling
- spəmə´k`
- in the air.
- sala´k·i·wi·`
- Suddenly
- ni·
- then
- unodamə´n
- he heard
- saŋkhi·mαmα´ntkami·`gip·ode`k
- coming out earth trembling,
- eli·dəhα̨zit
- thinking
- ebəgwatcε·t·o´
- on account of it
- gadi·me´t`kami·ge`
- the world was about to end
- e´dudji·sαk·pa`tαŋgwa`k
- so much it was noisy,
- saki·´yulil`
- but behold this
- wi·dα̨ba´l`
- his friend
- sαŋkhe´łα̨li`t
- coming along out
- ni·ga´t·e
- and then
- pedji·´gədahi·t
- came jumping
- wa
- that
- bmulε·´
- Bmule´.
- ni·udi·´damən
- Then said
- wa
- that
- a´ida
- well
- bmulε·´
- Bmule´
- “nabawi·´
- “Quickly
- tes·i·´gədahi`n
- jump upon
- nbə´skwanα`k
- my back
- gi·zi·na`´ni
- it is already time
- mədeolənowa´k
- the shamans
- amku´ldowa`k.”
- wake up.”
- ni·geła´
- Accordingly
- ni·wa´
- then he
- udes·i·´gədahi´n
- jumped upon
- pə´s·kwanα`k.
- his back
- yuli´l
- this
- wi·dα̨ba´l`
- his friend
- sε·wi·yu´
- with here
- umadegənoma´
- his hides
- tαnławe´i·
- as much as
- ki·za´di·eli·`t
- he had hunted.
- ni·wa´
- Then he
- omα̨´djełαn
- started off
- bmulε·´
- Bmule´
- ni·t·atci·´
- and then
- tα̨ławe´i·
- like
- e´dudji·łα`nt
- so fast going
- pek·i·wi·´bi·wi·`
- only just
- lαmbi·gwa´hasi·de`
- he imagined it
- ni·gi·zi·´
- then after
- obesogu´n
- he warmed up
- wa´də
- his belly
- nogo`tα`p
- and his head
- ntami·´
- first
- neni·gan·i·´
- there as formerly
- gi·zi·be´swogo´t
- when he brought him
- ni·udi·´łəgun
- then he was told
- “nd´atci.
- “Not ever
- mi·na´
- again
- kəne`na´mi·hodi·`p·əna`
- we will see each other
- kenowadji·´
- but also
- kədaskami·´
- you forever
- wule´ləməgwewin
- will have good fortune
- nəwedji·´
- and so
- kwenα̨´wəzi·a`n”
- you will live long.”
- ni·t·atci·´
- And here
- notlo´`kαŋga`n
- my story
- ume´tα̨begəs·i`n.
- is ended.
[62] Used in a somewhat humorous sense.
[63] Lit. “yellow money,” mani´, “money” borrowed during early English contact.
[64] Literally “once move (sun)” referring to division of portions of the day.
HOW A HUNTER ENCOUNTERED BMULE´, VISITED HIS COUNTRY AND OBTAINED A BOON[65]
FREE TRANSLATION
Once there was a man who went hunting but he could not find anything. Soon he came to a river and as he had become thirsty, he sat down and after he had sat down, he was about to drink. While he stooped down toward the water, there in the water he saw some one’s reflection really resembling a human being, but one whom he did not know but of whom he had heard. Behold he was like Bmulε´, and at once the man got up and hid himself and after he had hidden, he watched to see what the other, his friend Bmulε´, would do. Then he climbed into a tree. Then the other, whose reflection he had seen in the water while lying on his face, that one in his turn was about to come down and drink. He had a piece of gold in his mouth and he took it out and laid it on the ground. Then the man, when he saw where Bmulε´ had hidden it after taking it from his mouth, thought that he would go and steal it. Accordingly, the man started to crawl flat on his belly so that his friend would not see him, and when he came near, crawling slyly along, he took the gold.
[65] A St. Francis Abenaki tale, given by C. G. Leland and J. D. Prince (Kuloskap The Master, New York 1902, p. 236), rather closely follows this narrative, though in the St. Francis story “P’mula” gives magic eye-rings of a snake to the hunter.
Pəmu´la seems to be known locally among the western Wabanaki. To the St. Francis Abenaki he is a bird-like monster which flies from one end of the world to the other in one day. He can hear the merest mention of his name if anyone calls him. (Cf. Maurault, op. cit., p. 574.) In Penobscot mythology, Pəmu´le, “Comes flying,” is believed to heed the appeal of men. Once a year he flies across the sky, propelling himself with bull-roarers, giving three cries; one at the horizon; one at the zenith, and one at the other horizon. He may be stopped by an ascending column of smoke and will then grant supplications for aid.
The concept is interesting as an element of religious and social fabric among related western Algonkian. Among the Algonquin and Ojibwa of Ontario, the creature is known under the name Pa·´guk` (Timiskaming) (cf. F. G. Speck, Myths and Folk-Lore of the Timiskaming, Algonquin, and Timagami Ojibwa, Memoir 70, Anthropological Series No. 9, Geological Survey of Canada, 1915, p. 22) and Pa·´gαk (Timagami) (ibid., p. 81). The beliefs regarding him are similar to those of the Wabanaki; though the Timagami believe his appearance to be an omen of death. With the Menomini “Paˣkaˣ is a flying skeleton ... corresponding to the western Ojibway Pägûk” (A. B. Skinner, Social Life and Ceremonial Bundles of the Menomini Indians, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History (1913), Vol. XIII, pt. 1, p. 83).
On the northern plains, however, among the Plains Ojibwa, “Pägûk, a skeleton being with glaring eyes which is sometimes seen flitting through the air,” is the dream patron of a cannibal cult (Windigokan), the members of which perform in a mask costume and blow on whistles. The functions of the society are to heal disease and to exorcise demons. Taboo associations have become centered about the society. (A. B. Skinner, Political Organization, Cults, and Ceremonies of the Plains Ojibway and Plains Cree Indians, ibid., Vol. XI, Part VI, pp. 500-505.) The Plains Cree had the same society (Skinner, ibid., p. 528-529) and so do the Assiniboine (R. H. Lowie, The Assiniboine, ibid., Vol. IV, Part I (1909), pp. 62-66), who also designate the dance by a cognate term Wiᵂtgō´gax. This series of cases makes me feel that we have here a case of more recent elaboration from a common Algonkian idea, the result of a tendency toward socialization on the Plains, where the cannibal cult evolving out of the flying-head conception has taken on the characteristics of the crazy dance of the Arapaho, Gros Ventre and the others of this region.
Then when Bmulε´ had finished drinking, returning for his gold, behold he could not find it and, thinking about it, he reached a conclusion. “So it is evidently stolen from me.” Now that Bmulε´ was a sorcerer, and so right there he spoke aloud into the air and said, “My friend, please do give me back that, my gold, for you can not make any use of it. That is my life. Moreover, I can not stay long in any one place. Pray do give it back to me quickly and if you give it to me you will have good luck, for that you will always have an abundance of money and you will not lack in hunting.” Then the man spoke to him and said, “Then I will give you back your gold, but then don’t cheat me.” And he, Bmulε´, said, “I can not cheat you. If you are afraid of me so now mount upon my back and hold tight to me for very fast we shall go.” Accordingly the man mounted upon the back of Bmulε´ and the great magician started off traveling so fast, because that Bmulε´ could even rise in the air, and then they came to the end where he brought him, Bmulε´’s country, as it is called. Great magicians lived there. Just at noon time these magicians assembled at that place and slept together. Then this Bmulε´ bringing him right to this country put him down and said to him, “Here you may hunt beavers and otters. So hurry and get ready. Just until 1 o’clock you can stay, and after you have hunted, skin your game quickly and bundle up your hides. Until then I must go somewheres. It shall not be for a long time and I shall come back before the great magicians wake up, and carry you back again to the place where I got you.” Accordingly at once the man did as his friend told him and he hurried on with it and he hunted beavers and otters and after he had killed them he cut off some meat and skinned them, quickly he proceeded with haste and then bundled up his hides, and after he was ready he thought to himself, “It must now be about 1 o’clock surely.” And he thought again, “My friend said what was true.” But he did not know how far his friend had to come from, forasmuch as he could not stop anywhere since he was always traveling in the air. Suddenly then a great trembling he heard arise from the earth and he thought on account of so much disturbance that the world was about to come to an end. But behold it was this his friend coming along. Then Bmulε´ came bounding up and Bmulε´ said, “Quickly jump upon my back, it is already time for the magicians to wake up.” Accordingly then the man jumped upon his friend’s back with his hides that he had secured, and Bmulε´ started off going so fast that one could only imagine it. Then he brought him to where he had been formerly. After he had warmed up his belly and his head, he said, “Never again will we see each other, but nevertheless you will forever have good fortune and besides you will live long.” And here my story is ended.