GREEK WORDS

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

[1]. Plut., Pericl., 8.

[2]. Pensées, III, 194 (t. II, p. 103, ed. Brunschvigg).

[3]. See Lecture I, “Life in the Tomb.”

[4]. See Lecture II, “The Nether World.”

[5]. See Lecture II, p. 73.

[6]. Plautus, Capt., V, 4, 1.

[7]. Polyb., VI, 56, 12.

[8]. Diels, Fragm. Vorsokratiker3, II, p. 121, fr. 297.

[9]. Homer, Il., Ψ, 100; Plato, Phaed., 77 D; cf. Rohde, Psyche, II4, p. 264, n. 2.

[10]. III, 38:

“Et metus ille foras praeceps Acheruntis agendus

Funditus humanam qui vitam turbat ab imo.”

[11]. Sall., Cat., 51, 20.

[12]. Pliny, H. N., VII, 55, § 190.

[13]. Seneca, Troades, 382 ss.

[14]. Lucian, Alex., c. 61; c. 47.

[15]. Lucian, ibid., c. 38; c. 44; c. 47.

[16]. Julian, Epist., 89 (p. 747, 23, ed. Bidez-Cumont).

[17]. Cousin, Bull. corr. hell., XVI, 1897; cf. Usener, Rhein. Mus., N. F., XLVII, p. 428.

[18]. CIL, XI, 856 = Bücheler, Carm. epigraphica, 191.

[19]. Dessau, Inscript. selectae, 8162 ss.; cf. Recueil des inscriptions du Pont, 110: “Non fui, fui, non sum, non curo.”

[20]. Recueil, 143.

[21]. Cf. Lecture VIII, p. 192.

[22]. Kaibel, Epigr. Graeca, 646.

[23]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1495 = CIL, VI, 26003:

“Nil sumus et fuimus. Mortales respice, lector,

In nihil ab nihilo quam cito recidimus.”

[24]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1247 = CIL, VI, 7193:

“Quod superest homini requiescunt dulciter ossa,

Nec sum sollicitus ne subito esuriam.

Et podagram careo, nec sum pensionibus arra

Et gratis aeterno perfruor hospitio.”

[25]. Bücheler, op. cit., 1500.

[26]. I Cor. 15. 32.

[27]. Bücheler, op. cit., 187: “Quod comedi et ebibi tantum meum est.” Cf. ibid., 244: “Quod edi, bibi, mecum habeo, quod reliqui, perdidi.”

[28]. Bücheler, op. cit., 1499; Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8157:

“Balnea, vina, venus corrumpunt corpora nostra,

Sed vitam faciunt balnea, vina, venus.”

[29]. Bücheler, op. cit., 243: “Dum vixi, bibi libenter; bibite vos qui vivitis.”

[30]. Héron de Villefosse, Le trésor de Boscoreale, in Monuments Piot, V, Paris, 1899.

[31]. Epist., I, 4, 16.

[32]. Epict., Diss., I, 14, 6; II, 8, 11 (ἀπόσπασμα τοῦ θεοῦ).

[33]. Cf., e.g., Sen., Consol. Marc., end.

[34]. See Lecture IV, p. 115 s.

[35]. Cic., Tusc., I, 79.

[36]. Stob., Ecl., I, 384, Wachsmuth.

[37]. Sextus Empiricus, Adv. Math., IX, 71: Οὐδὲ τὰς ψυχὰς ἔνεστιν ὑπονοῆσαι κάτω φερομένας. Cf. Cic., Tusc., I, 16, 37; 17, 40.

[38]. Cf. Lecture II, p. 77.

[39]. Epictetus, III, 13, 15; cf. II, 6, 18.

[40]. Bonhöfer, Epictet. und die Stoa, 1890, p. 65.

[41]. Cf. Lecture III, p. 98.

[42]. Arch. Epigr. Mitt. aus Oesterreich, VI, 1882, p. 60; cf. Epictetus, l. c.

[43]. CIL, XIII, 8371, at Cologne.

[44]. CIL, III, 6384: “Corpus habent cineres, animam sacer abstulit aer.”

[45]. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8168; Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1532; cf. 974:

“Mortua heic ego sum et sum cinis, is cinis terrast,

Sein est terra dea, ego sum dea, mortua non sum.”

[46]. Tennyson, Crossing the Bar.

[47]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1498:

“Evasi effugi; Spes et Fortuna valete;

Nil mihi vobiscum. Ludificate alios.”

Cf. Bücheler, 409, 9; 434; Anthol. Pal., IX, 49; 172; Vettius Valens, V, 9 (p. 219, 26, Kroll).

[48]. See my Oriental religions, p. 180; 276, n. 51 s.

[49]. See Lecture III, pp. 96, 107; VII, p. 176.

[50]. Callim., Epigr., 15, 3:

Ὠ Χαρίδα τί τὰ νέρθε;—Πολὺ σκότος—Αἱ δ’ ἄνοδοι τί;

Ψεῦδος—Ὁ δὲ Πλούτων;—Μῦθος—Ἀπωλόμεθα

[51]. Cat., V, 4:

“Soles occidere et redire possunt;

Nobis quum semel occidit brevis lux,

Nox est perpetua una dormienda.”

[52]. Cf. Lecture II, p. 83, and VII, p. 181.

[53]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 180, 1147, 1190, 1339, etc.

[54]. Plato, Apol., 40c–41c.

[55]. Cic., Parad. Stoic., II, 18: “Mors est terribilis iis quorum cum vita omnia exstinguntur, non iis quorum laus emori non potest.”

[56]. Cic., Pro Archia, 11, 26; cf. Tusc., I, 15, 34.

[57]. Diog. Laert., X, 16 = fragm. 217 Usener; cf. Plin., H. N., XXXV, 5.

[58]. Furtwängler, Die antiken Gemmen, III, 1900, 257 ss.

[59]. See Lecture III, p. 97.

[60]. Ovid, Metam., XV, 60 ss.

[61]. Rohde, Der Griech. Roman2, p. 270 s.

[62]. Sen., Quaest. nat., VII, 32, 2.

[63]. See Lecture IV, p. 121.

[64]. Revue archéologique, 1918, VIII, p. 52 ss.

[65]. Plato, Republ., VII, p. 514.

[66]. See below, Lecture VIII, p. 209 ss.

[67]. See Lecture VI, p. 167; cf. III, p. 103.

[68]. See Lecture II, p. 81.

[69]. See, for all this, Lecture III, p. 96 s.; cf. VIII, p. 195.

[70]. See Lecture VIII, p. 212.

[71]. See Lecture I, p. 66.

[72]. See Lecture V, p. 133.

[73]. See Lecture III, pp. 73, 81; VII, p. 181 s.

[74]. Cf. Cic., Tusc., I, 11, 24.

[75]. See Lecture VI, p. 151.

[76]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 434.

[77]. Cf. my Astrology and Religion, 1912, p. 83 ss.

[78]. See above, p. 13.

[79]. See Lecture III, p. 98.

[80]. See below, Lecture III, p. 100 ss.

[81]. Pascal, Pensées, III, 206 (t. II, p. 127, Brunschvigg): “Le silence éternel de ces espaces infinis m’effraie.”

[82]. See Lecture III, p. 98; VI, p. 161 s.; VII, p. 184.

[83]. See Lecture IV, p. 127; VIII, p. 210.

[84]. Manilius, II, 115.

[85]. See above, p. 22.

[86]. Lehrs, Populäre Aufsätze aus dem Altertum, 1875, p. 349 ss.; Fowler, Religious Experience of the Roman People, p. 382 ss.

[87]. Cf. my Oriental religions in Roman paganism, Chicago, 1911, p. 39 ss.

[88]. See Lecture IV, p. 118 ss.

[89]. See Lecture II, p. 76; VII, p. 171.

[90]. See Lecture IV, p. 120; VIII, p. 204.

[91]. .sp 1

“Alimenta vitae tribuis perpetua fide,

Et cum recesserit anima in te refugiemus,

Ita, quicquid tribuis, in te cuncta recidunt.”

(Anthol. Lat., ed. Riese, I, p. 27.)

[92]. See Lecture IV, p. 122.

[93]. See Lecture VIII, p. 202.

[94]. See Lecture III, p. 96 ss.

[95]. See Lecture II, p. 79.

[96]. Enn., IV, 7.

[97]. See Lecture III, p. 106; VI, p. 169.

[98]. See Lecture VII, p. 184 ss.

[99]. See Lecture IV, p. 108; VIII, p. 212.

[100]. See Lecture II, p. 90; IV, p. 109; VIII, p. 196 ss., 206.

[101]. Cic., Tusc., I, 12, §27.

[102]. Lucretius, III, 890 ss.

[103]. Servius, Aen., III, 68.

[104]. Servius, ibid.

[105]. Propertius, IV, 5, 3: “Nec sedeant cineri Manes.” Cf. Lucan, IX, 2.

[106]. Pliny, H. N., XVI, 44, §234; cf. Livy, XXXVIII, 53.

[107]. Cf. my Oriental religions, p. 240.

[108]. CIL, I, 1108: “Domum aeternam ubi aevum degerent.”

[109]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1555: “Haec certa est domus, haec est colenda nobis.”

[110]. Virg., Aen., III, 67: “Animam sepulcro condimus.” Cf. Pliny, Epist., III, 27, 12: “Rite conditis Manibus.”

[111]. See above, Introd., p. 10; Lecture VIII, p. 192.

[112]. Petronius, 71: “Valde enim falsum vivo quidem domos cultas esse, non curari eam ubi diutius nobis habitandum est.”

[113]. Lucian, Philopseudes, 27; cf. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8379, l. 50 ss.

[114]. Kaibel, Epigr. Graeca, 646 = Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8156; cf. Lucian, De luctu, 19.

[115]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 838 = Dessau, op. cit., 8204.

[116]. Sueton., Aug., 15.

[117]. Cf. p. 52, n. 20, and Lecture IV, p. 118.

[118]. Servius, Aen., III, 67.

[119]. Cf. Comptes rendus Acad. des Inscr., 1918, p. 284 s.

[120]. Servius, Aen., V, 79: “Ad sanguinis imitationem, in quo est sedes animae.” Cf. II, 532.

[121]. See above, Introd., p. 35, and Lecture VIII, p. 204.

[122]. CIL, XI, 132 = Dessau, 7235.

[123]. CIL, XIV, 3323 = Dessau, 8090: “Hoc peto aego a bobis unibersis sodalibus ut sene bile refrigeretis.”

[124]. CIL, VI, 26554 = Dessau, 8139.

[125]. Dessau, 8379.

[126]. Lucian, De luctu, 37.

[127]. Dessau, 8154 = CIL, XII, 5102 = Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 788:

“[Eo] cupidius perpoto in monumento meo,

Quod dormiendum et permanendum heic est mihi.”

[128]. De testim. animae, 4.

[129]. See below, Lecture VIII, p. 203 s.

[130]. Augustine, De mor. eccles., 34: “Qui luxuriosissime super mortuos bibant et epulas cadaveribus exhibentes super sepultos se ipsos sepeliant et voracitates ebrietatesque suas deputent religioni.”

[131]. Constitutiones Apostol., VIII, 42.

[132]. Dessau, 8375: “Colant spiritum meum.”

[133]. Cf. Petronius, 71: “Omne genus poma volo sint circa cineres meos et vinearum largiter”; Dessau, 8342 ss.; below, Lecture VIII, p. 200.

[134]. Varro, Lingu. Lat., VI, 49 (45).

[135]. Arch. Epigr. Mitt. aus Oesterreich, X, 1886, p. 64.

[136]. Dessau, 6746.

[137]. Ibid., 8130.

[138]. Ibid., 1967; cf. 8139.

[139]. Diog. Laert., VIII, 32; cf. Servius, Aen., III, 63; Lecture VI, p. 160.

[140]. Virg., Aen., IV, 685.

[141]. See Lecture VI, p. 157.

[142]. Cf. Porph., De abstin., II, 37.

[143]. Servius, Georg., I, 277; cf. Dessau, 8006.

[144]. CIL, VIII, 2803a: “Donata, pia, iusta, vale, serva tuos omnes.”

[145]. Margaret Waites, American journ. of archaeol., 1920, 242 ss.

[146]. Maxim. Tyr., Diss., IX (XV), 6.

[147]. Plotinus, Enn., IV, 7, 20.

[148]. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8006. “Manus mala” means probably a murder produced by witchcraft; cf. ibid., 8522; Lecture V, p. 135.

[149]. CIL, II, 4427: “Lacrimae si prosunt, visis te ostende videri.”

[150]. Lucian, Philopseudes, 29.

[151]. Dio Cassius, LXXIX, 18.

[152]. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8201a: “Tu qui legis et dubitas Manes esse, sponsione facta invoca nos et intelleges.”

[153]. Ovid, Fast., II, 546.

[154]. CIL, I, 818 = VI, 10407e = Dessau, 8749: “Mortuus nec ad deos nec ad homines acceptus est.” Cf. CIL, X, 8249.

[155]. CIL, VI, 12072: “Parce matrem tuam et patrem et sororem tuam Marinam, ut possint tibi facere post me sollemnia.”

[156]. Audollent, Defixionum tabellae, 1904.

[157]. See below, Lecture V, pp. 143, 145.

[158]. Plato, Republ., X, 615 A B; cf. Norden, Aeneis Buch VI, p. 10.

[159]. See Lecture V, p. 134.

[160]. Virg., Aen., VI, 325 ss: “Inops inhumataque turba.... Centum errant annos volitantque haec litora circum.”

[161]. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 7213 = CIL, XIV, 2112, II, 4.

[162]. Sueton., Calig., 59; cf. Plautus, Mostell., III, 2.

[163]. Pliny, Epist., VII, 27; Lucian, Philopseudes, 31.

[164]. Audollent, Defixionum tabellae, 27, l. 18; cf. 22 ss.

[165]. See Lecture V, p. 135.

[166]. Heliodorus, Aeth., VI, 15.

[167]. See Lecture VIII, p. 193.

[168]. Leblant, Épigraphie chrétienne de la Gaule, 1890, 52 ss.

[169]. Lawson, Modern Greek folk-lore, 1910, p. 403.

[170]. Lucian, De luctu, 9.

[171]. Piganiol, Revue d’histoire et de litt. religieuses, VI, 1920, p. 335 ss.

[172]. Cf. Lucian, De luctu, 14.

[173]. Cf. Dessau, 8379.

[174]. Aen., VI, 653 ss.

[175]. Ovid, Metam., IV, 443 ss.

[176]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1186:

“Sed in secessum numinis infernae domus

Oficiosus tandem ministerio laetatur suo.”

[177]. See below, Lecture VI, p. 148.

[178]. Monumenti Antichi, XXIV, 1917, pp. 5–116.

[179]. See below, Lecture VII, p. 172 s.

[180]. Furtwängler, Archiv für Religionswissenschaft, VIII, 1905, p. 191 ss.

[181]. See Lecture I, p. 66.

[182]. See Lecture VI, p. 151.

[183]. See below, Lecture VII, p. 172 ss.

[184]. See Introd., p. 6.

[185]. See Introd., p. 29.

[186]. Mullach, Fragm. phil. Graec., II, p. 33.

[187]. Tim. Locr., De anim. mundi, 17, p. 104 D; cf. Schmekel, Mittlere Stoa, 1892, p. 435.

[188]. Cf. Lecture VII, p. 178 ss.

[189]. Cf. on this doctrine Revue de philologie, XLIV, 1920, p. 230 ss.

[190]. Cf. Lecture VII, p. 181.

[191]. See Lecture VI, p. 167.

[192]. Cf. Rev. philol., l. c., p. 237 ss.

[193]. On this doctrine see Comptes rendus Acad. Inscriptions, 1920, p. 272 ss.

[194]. Cf. Lecture VI, p. 155.

[195]. See Lecture VII, p. 185; cf. VI, p. 161 s.

[196]. See Introd., p. 38 s.

[197]. Cic., Tusc., I, 21, 48; cf. I, 6, 10; Nat. deor., II, 2, 5.

[198]. Sen., Epist., 24, 18.

[199]. Juvenal, Sat., II, 149 ss.

[200]. Pliny, H. N., II, 63, §158.

[201]. Plutarch, Non posse suaviter vivi sec. Epic., 27, p. 1105.

[202]. Cf. Lucian, De luctu, 10.

[203]. Bücheler, 1109, v. 19–24:

“Non ego Tartareas penetrabo tristis ad undas,

Non Acheronteis transvehar umbra vadis,

Non ego caeruleam remo pulsabo carinam,

Nec te terribilem fronte timebo Charon,

Nec Minos mihi iura dabit grandaevus et atris

Non errabo locis nec cohibebor aquis.”

[204]. See, for instance, Jahresh. Instit. Wien, XVII, 1914, p. 133 ss.; or Hermes, XXXVII, 1902, p. 121 ss.

[205]. Cf. Jahn, Darstellungen der Unterwelt auf Sarkophagen, in Ber. Gesellschaft Wiss. Leipsig, 1856, p. 267 ss.; Reinach, Répertoire des reliefs, III, 391; Berger, Revue archéol., 3e serie, XXVI, 1895, p. 71 ss.

[206]. Sueton., Tiberius, 75, 1: “Terram matrem deosque Manes orarent, ne mortuo sedem ullam nisi inter impios darent.”

[207]. Heliodorus, Aeth., VIII, 9, p. 231, 10, Bekker.

[208]. Jahresh. Instit. Wien, XVIII, 1915, Beiblatt., p. 45.

[209]. Plutarch, Non posse suaviter vivi sec. Epic., 27, p. 1105.

[210]. Porph., Sent., 29 (p. 13, Mommert).

[211]. Proclus, In Remp. Plat., II, p. 126, 10 ss., Kroll.

[212]. Proclus, ibid., II, p. 131, 20 ss.

[213]. Proclus, In Remp. Plat., I, 121, 23 ss., Kroll.

[214]. Orig., Contra Celsum, VIII, 48 s.

[215]. See Lecture IV, p. 113 ss.

[216]. Porph., De abstin., 38 ss.; cf. Bousset, Archiv für Religionswiss., XVIII, 1915, p. 134 ss., and Andres in Realencycl., Supplementband, III, 315.

[217]. Cf. Comptes rendus Acad. Inscriptions, 1918, p. 278 ss.

[218]. Pliny, H. N., II, 8, § 28.

[219]. Eusebius Alex., in Patr. Graeca, LXXXVI, 1, p. 453.

[220]. Cat. codd. astrol. Graec, V, pars. 1, p. 196 ss.

[221]. See below, Lecture VI, p. 357.

[222]. Flinders Petrie, Athribis, London, 1908 (52 A. D.).

[223]. Cf. below, Lecture VI, p. 154.

[224]. Toutain, Revue des études anciennes, XIII, 1911, p. 166 ss.; cf. ibid., p. 379 s.

[225]. See below, p. 104, and Lecture VI, p. 153.

[226]. E. Pfeiffer, Studien zum antiken Sternglauben, 1916, p. 113 ss.

[227]. Pausanias, IV, 32, 4.

[228]. Aristophanes, Peace, 832 ss.

[229]. See below, Lecture IV, p. 111; cf. Introd., p. 24.

[230]. Pliny, H. N., II, 26, § 95.

[231]. Jamblich., Vit. Pyth., XVIII, 82 = Diels, Vorsokratiker, I3, p. 358, 18; cf. Plut., De genio Socr., 22, p. 590 C; Hierocles, In Aur. carm., end.

[232]. Lucian, Verae hist., I, 10 ss.

[233]. Castor, fragm. 24 and 25, Müller.

[234]. See Introd., p. 29, and Lecture VI, p. 162.

[235]. Julian, Caes., p. 307 c.

[236]. Plato, Rep., VII, p. 514.

[237]. Reproduced in my Études syriennes, 1917, p. 87; cf. below, p. 139.

[238]. Wiegand, in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1908. Bericht, VI, p. 46:

Στὰς πρόσθε τύμβον δέρκε τὴν ἄνυμφον

κόρην Διογνήτοιο νηπίην Χοροῦν,

ἥν θῆκεν Ἅιδης ἐν κύκλοισιν ἑβδόμοις....

[239]. See La théologie solaire du paganisme romain in Mém. sav. étrangers Acad. Inscr., XII, 1909, p. 449 ss.

[240]. Cf. Introd., p. 28.

[241]. See below, Lecture VI, p. 160.

[242]. CIL, VI, 29954; see below, Lecture VI, p. 157 ss.

[243]. Commodian, VIII, 10: “Sacerdotes ... numina qui dicunt aliquid morituro prodesse.”

[244]. See Introd., p. 24 s.; cf. below, Lecture VI, p. 167.

[245]. Lydus, De mensib., IV, 149 (p. 167, 25, Wünsch.).

[246]. Lucan, Phars., I, 45; Statius, Theb., I, 27; cf. my Études syriennes, 1917, p. 97 s.

[247]. Diog. Laert., VIII, 31.

[248]. Ovid, Metam., XV, 840 ss.; cf. 749.

[249]. Cassius, Dio, LXIX, 11, 4.

[250]. Cic., Tusc., I, 12, 28: “Totum prope caelum nonne humano generi completum est?”

[251]. Revue de philologie, XXXIII, 1909, p. 6 = IG, XII, 7, 123.

[252]. Revue de phil., ibid.; cf. Lecture V, p. 139.

[253]. II Cor. 12, 2.

[254]. Porph., Sent., 292 (p. 14, Mommert); Proclus, In Remp., I, p. 152, 17, Kroll; In Tim., III, p. 234, 25, Diehl.

[255]. Cf. my Mysteries of Mithras, Chicago, 1903, p. 145; below, Lecture VI, p. 169; VII, p. 187.

[256]. Origen, Contra Celsum, VI, 21; cf. Monum. mystères de Mithra, I, p. 118.

[257]. Apuleius, De dogm. Plat., I, 11.

[258]. Archiv für Religionsw., IX, 1906, p. 323 ss.

[259]. See, e.g., Plotin., III, 4, 6; cf. Lecture VIII, p. 213.

[260]. See above, Introd., pp. 6, 41.

[261]. Ibid., p. 7.

[262]. See above, Lecture III, p. 96.

[263]. Link, De vocis “Sanctus” usu pagano, Königsberg, 1910.

[264]. Cic., De natura deor., II, 66, § 167.

[265]. Manilius, I, 41; cf. Boll, Aus der Offenbarung Iohannis, 1914, p. 136 ss.

[266]. Pseudo-Ecphant. ap Stob., Anth., IV, 7, 64 (IV, p. 272 ss., Wachsmuth); Hermes Trism. ap. Stob., Ecl., I, 49, 45 (I, p. 407, W).

[267]. See below, Lecture VI, p. 156 ss.

[268]. Cic., Nat. deorum, II, 66, § 165.

[269]. Somn. Scipionis, 3; cf. Pro Sestio, 68, § 143.

[270]. Hermes Trismeg. ap. Stob., Ecl., I, 49, 69 (I, p. 466, Wachsmuth).

[271]. Maurice Muret, Les contemporains étrangers, Paris, I, p. 30.

[272]. See my Études syriennes, p. 63 ss.

[273]. CIL, VI, 1779 = Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 111, 23: “(Me) sorte mortis eximens in templa ducis....”

[274]. Pseudo-Lysis ap. Jamblich., Vit. Pyth., 17, § 77.

[275]. See Introd., p. 29; Lecture VII, p. 184 s.

[276]. Cf. Lecture I, p. 51.

[277]. CIL, VI, 510 = Dessau, 4152.

[278]. Servius, Aen., VI, 741.

[279]. See Introd., p. 35; cf. Lecture VIII, p. 204.

[280]. Porph., De abstin., II, 48.

[281]. Cf. Comptes rendus Acad. Inscriptions, 1917, p. 281 ss.

[282]. See above, Introd., p. 37.

[283]. Hermes Trismeg., Poimandres, I, 26: Τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ἀγαθὸν τέλος τοῖς γνῶσιν ἐσχηκόσι θεωθῆναι.

[284]. See below, Lecture VIII, 207.

[285]. Apuleius, Metam., XI, 24: “Inexplicabili voluptate divini simulacri perfruebar.”

[286]. See Oriental religions, p. 100, and below, Lecture VIII, p. 210 ss.

[287]. Papyr. of London, CXXII, 1 ss.; cf. Reitzenstein, Poimandres, p. 20.

[288]. Riewald, De imperatorum Romanorum cum certis dis aequatione, Halle, 1912.

[289]. Cf. Gillis Wetter, Die “Verherrlichung,” in Beiträge zur Relig.-Wissenschaft, II, 1914.

[290]. See below, Lecture VI, p. 158.

[291]. See below, Lecture VIII, p. 212.

[292]. Porph., De Abstin., II, 49.

[293]. See below, Lecture VIII, pp. 201, 207, 211.

[294]. See my Mysticisme astral dans l’antiquité in Bulletins de l’Acad. de Belgique, 1909, p. 264 ss.

[295]. See Lecture VIII, p. 210 ss.

[296]. Virg., Aen., VI, 426 ss.

[297]. Plut., De genio Socratis, 22, p. 590 F.

[298]. Plato, Republ., p. 615 C; cf. Norden, Aeneis Buch VI, 1903, pp. 11, 27.

[299]. Achill. Tat., V, 16.

[300]. Tertull., De anima, 57.

[301]. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8497 ss.; cf. Recueil des inscriptions du Pont, 9, 258.

[302]. Horace, Epod., 5, 92; cf. Livy, III, 58, 11.

[303]. Sueton., Nero, 34, 4.

[304]. Sueton., Calig., 59.

[305]. Porph., Epist., II, 2, 209: “Nocturnas Lemures: umbras vagantes hominum ante diem mortuorum et ideo metuendas.”

[306]. Bouché-Leclercq, Astrologie grecque, p. 404.

[307]. Diog. Laert., II, 5, §45; cf. Lamprid., Heliog., 33, 2: “Praedictum eidem erat a sacerdotibus Syris biothanatum se futurum.”

[308]. Ptolem., Tetrabibl., III, 10 (p. 127, ed. 1553).

[309]. Macrob., Somn. Scip., I, 13, 1, probably after Numenius (Revue des études grecques, XXXII, 1921, p. 119 s.).

[310]. CIL, VIII, 2756 = Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1604.

[311]. Manilius, IV, 16.

[312]. Cf. Schulze, Sitzungsb. Akad. Berlin, 1912, p. 691 ss.

[313]. Demon: Kaibel, Epigr. Gr., 566, 4; 569, 3, etc.—Evil god: Dessau, 8498; cf. 9093: “Cui (sic) dii nefandi parvulo contra votum genitorum vita privaverunt.”

[314]. See Lecture I, p. 66 ss.

[315]. Kaibel, Epigr. Graeca, 624.

[316]. Rohde, Psyche, II4, p. 411; cf. Perdrizet, Negotium perambulans, 1922, p. 19 ss.

[317]. Audollent, Defixionum tabellae, 1904, p. 40, nr, 22 ss.; see above, Lecture I, p. 68.

[318]. Wessely, Griech. Zauberpap. aus Paris in Denkschr. Akad. Wien, XXXVI, 1888, p. 85, l. 2577 ss., p. 86, l. 2645 ss.

[319]. Cic., In Vatin., 6, 14; Horace, Ep., 5; Petronius, 63, 8.

[320]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 987:

“Eripuit me saga manus crudelis ubique,

Cum manet in terris et nocet arte sua.

Vos vestros natos concustodite, parentes.”

Cf. Petronius, l. c., and Lecture II, p. 61, n. 48.

[321]. Alex. Trall., I, 15, pp. 565, 567, Puschman.

[322]. Cf. Pliny, XXVIII, 12, § 49.

[323]. Tertull., De anima, 57.

[324]. Norden, Aeneis Buch VI, p. 41.

[325]. Sen., Dial., VI, 23, 1; Plut., Cons. ad uxorem, 11; cf. Dessau, 8481 ss.

[326]. See below, Lecture VII, p. 178.

[327]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1233.

[328]. Kaibel, Epigr. Graeca, 324.

[329]. Haussoullier, Revue de philologie, XXIII, 1909, p. 6; see above, Lecture III, p. 105.

[330]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 569: “Vitaeque e limine raptus.... Non tamen ad Manes sed caeli ad sidera pergis.” Cf. ibid., 569, 611.

[331]. See Lecture III, p. 99.

[332]. Rohde, Psyche, II4, p. 374, n. 2; Lawson, Modern Greek folk-lore, 1910 p. 140 ss.; cf. Dessau, 8748.

[333]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1233; cf. Statius, Silv., II, 6, 100.

[334]. Kaibel, Epigr. Graeca, 570, 571; cf. CIL, VI, 29195 = Dessau, 8482: “Ulpius Firmus, anima bona superis reddita, raptus a Nymphis.”

[335]. Cf. Anderson, Journ. hell. stud., XIX, 1899, p. 127, nr, 142, and below, note 42.

[336]. Cagnat, Inscr. Gr. ad res Rom. pertin., IV, 1377.

[337]. Kaibel, Epigr. Graeca, 314.

[338]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1439; cf. 1400:

“Vos equidem nati caelestia regna videtis

Quos rapuit parvos praecipitata dies.”

[339]. Cabrol et Leclercq, Reliquiae liturgicae vetustissimae, I, 1912, nr, 2917; cf. 2974; 3153.

[340]. Menander’s verse, “Ὃν οἱ θεοὶ φιλοῦσιν ἀποθνήσκει νέος,” is indeed translated into Latin in a Roman epitaph (Dessau, 8481).

[341]. In Greek, βιοθάνατος is a popular form for βιαιοθάνατος. In Latin biaeothanatus is found only in Tertull., De Anima, 57, biothanatus everywhere else.

[342]. Aen., VI, 477 ss.

[343]. Horace, Od., III, 2, 21; cf. Introd., p. 13; Lecture IV, p. 113.

[344]. Joseph., Bell. Iud., VI, 5, § 47.

[345]. Servius, Aen., XII, 603.

[346]. Pliny, N. H., II, 63, § 156.

[347]. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 7846: “Extra auctorateis et quei sibei [la]queo manu attulissent et quei quaestum spurcum professi essent.”

[348]. Ibid., 7212, II, 5.

[349]. Plut., Cato, 68.

[350]. Cf. Revue des études grecques, XXXII, 1921, p. 113 ss.

[351]. Sen., Controv., VIII, 4, end.

[352]. See above, Lecture I, p. 64 ss.

[353]. Theophanes, Chronicon, p. 437, 3 ss., De Boor.

[354]. Commodianus, I, 14, 8.

[355]. Du Cange, Glossarium, s. v.

[356]. Lawson, Modern Greek folk-lore, 1910, p. 408 ss.

[357]. See above, Lecture II, p. 74.

[358]. Transl. Harrison, Prolegomena to the study of Greek religion, 1903, p. 660.

[359]. Thulin, Etruskische Disciplin, III, 1909, p. 58 ss.

[360]. Xenoph., Memorab., II, 1, 21; cf. Hesiod, Op. et dies, 287 ss.

[361]. Brinkmann, Rheinisches Museum, LXVI, 1911, p. 622 ss.

[362]. See below, Lecture VIII, p. 205.

[363]. See Lecture II, p. 76.

[364]. Cic., Tusc., I, 30, 72.

[365]. See above, Lecture III, p. 82.

[366]. See above, Lecture III, p. 94.

[367]. Cf. Comptes rendus Acad. Inscr., 1920, p. 277.

[368]. Lactantius, Inst., VI, 3 s.

[369]. Polyaen., VII, 22.

[370]. See Lecture III, p. 107; Monum. mystères de Mithra, I, p. 118 s.; II, p. 525.

[371]. Philo, De somniis, I, 22; Origen, Contra Celsum, VI, 21.

[372]. Charles R. Morey, East Christian paintings in the Freer collection, New York, 1914, p. 17 ss.

[373]. Ladder among other magical emblems on terra cotta discs found at Taranto; cf. Revue archéologique, V, 1917, p. 102.

[374]. See above, Lecture III, p. 93.

[375]. Ibid., p. 96.

[376]. Cf. Revue de philologie, XLIV, 1920, p. 75.

[377]. Cf. Joseph Keil, Jahresh. Instituts Wien, XVII, 1914, pp. 138, 142, n. 13; Bormann, Bericht des Vereins Carnuntum, 1908–1911, p. 330, where Itala felix applies not to the ship but to the dead woman.

[378]. For instance, Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8031.

[379]. Cf. my Études syriennes, 1917, p. 99, n. 1. So on the beautiful chariot of Monteleone in the Metropolitan Museum of New York (sixth century B. C.).

[380]. Cf. my Études syriennes, p. 91 s.

[381]. Ibid., p. 92, fig. 41.

[382]. Ibid., p. 94, fig. 42; cf. below, p. 165.

[383]. Cf. ibid., p. 95 s.

[384]. II Reg., 2, 11.

[385]. Kornemann, Klio, VII, p. 278; cf. Études syriennes, p. 98, n. 3.

[386]. Eunap., Hist., fr. 26 (F. H. G. IV, 25; cf. Études syriennes, p. 104).

[387]. See above, Lecture III, p. 102.

[388]. Weichert, Der Seelenvogel in der alten Literatur und Kunst, Leipzig, 1902; see above, Lecture III, p. 93.

[389]. Études syriennes, p. 38 ss.

[390]. Phaedr., p. 246 C.

[391]. Anth. Pal., VII, 62 = Diog. Laert., III, 44; cf. Études syriennes, p. 88:

Αἰετέ τίπτε βέβηκας ὑπὲρ τάφον; ἢ τίνος, εἰπέ,

ἀστεροέντα θεῶν οἶκον ἀποσκοπέεις;—

Ψυχῆς εἰμὶ Πλάτωνος ἀποπταμένης εἰς Ὄλυμπον

εἰκών· σῶμα δὲ γῆ γηγενὲς Ἀτθὶς ἔχει.

[392]. Cf. Études syriennes, p. 57 ss.

[393]. Études syriennes, 1917, p. 87, fig. 39.

[394]. See Introd., p. 28.

[395]. See Lecture III, p. 100.

[396]. Études syriennes, p. 106 s.; cf. Lecture III, p. 101.

[397]. See Lecture I, p. 59.

[398]. Diog. Laert., VIII, 1, 27.

[399]. Jul., Or., V, p. 172 C.

[400]. Cic., Tusc., I, 42 ss.; Sextus Empir., Adv. Math., IX, 71, 4; cf. above, Introd., p. 29.

[401]. Winds and souls, see below, Lecture VII, p. 185.

[402]. See below, Lecture VII, p. 186; cf. Lecture II, p. 81.

[403]. See Introd., p. 29; cf. Lecture VII, p. 185.

[404]. See below, Lecture VII, p. 185.

[405]. See above, Lecture III, p. 93, and p. 96 s.

[406]. Dieterich, Eine Mithrasliturgie2, 1910.

[407]. Plato, Phaedo, p. 107 D, 108 B.

[408]. Kaibel, Epigr. Graeca, 650 = Inscr. Sic. Ital., 2461.

[409]. Haussoullier, Revue de philologie, XXIII, 1909, p. 6; cf. Lecture III, p. 105.

[410]. See above, Lecture IV, p. 112.

[411]. Cf. Rohde, Psyche, II4, p. 376 s.

[412]. See above, Lecture I, p. 45 ss., 59 ss.

[413]. Cf. Cic., Tusc., I, 16, 37.

[414]. See below, Lecture VIII, p. 199 ss.

[415]. Lucretius, I, 124: “Simulacra modis pallentia miris.”

[416]. See, for instance, above, p. 156.

[417]. Cf. Proclus, In Rempubl., I, p. 290, 10 ss., Kroll.

[418]. On this katoptromanteia, cf. Revue archéologique, V, 1917, p. 105 ss.; Ganschinietz in Realencycl., s. v.

[419]. See above, Lecture V, p. 130.

[420]. See above, Lecture II, p. 79.

[421]. Cf. Revue de philologie, XLIV, 1920, p. 237 ss.

[422]. See Lecture III, p. 103.

[423]. Cf. Lecture III, p. 107.

[424]. Plato, Phaedr., 247 B; cf. Phaedo, p. 113 D.

[425]. Timaeus, p. 41 D E.

[426]. See above, Lecture III, p. 106 s., and Introd., p. 41; cf. p. 24.

[427]. Odyssey, XI, 576 s.

[428]. Cf. Rohde, Psyche, I4, p. 61 ss.

[429]. Cf. Plut., De superst., 7, p. 168 D.

[430]. Cf. above, Lecture II, p. 75.

[431]. Cf. Dieterich, Nekyia, p. 206 ss.

[432]. Plut., De sera num. vind., p. 567 B.

[433]. Dieterich, Nekyia, 1893 (2d ed. 1913).

[434]. Even the devout Plutarch rejects them as superstitious imaginations; cf. De superst., 167 A.

[435]. Aen., VI, 625–628.

[436]. Dieterich, op. cit., p. 197 ss.

[437]. Punishment by fire is mentioned for the first time in Philodemos, Περὶ θεῶν, XIX, 16 ss. Philodemos being a Syrian, it is not unlikely that this tenet is of Oriental origin. Cf. Diels, Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1916, p. 80, n. 3.

[438]. See above, Introd., pp. 8, 17 s., and Lecture II, p. 83.

[439]. Herodotus, II, 123.

[440]. The Druses have even preserved the ancient doctrine that the number of souls is always the same in the world. Cf. Silvestre de Sacy, Religion des Druses, 1838, II, p. 459.

[441]. Dussaud, Les Nosaïris, Paris, 1900, p. 120 ss.

[442]. See above, Lecture III, p. 101.

[443]. Cf. Lucian, Alex., 43.

[444]. Hermes Trismeg. ap. Stob., Ecl., I, 49, p. 398, 16 ss., Wachsmuth.

[445]. Tim. Locr., p. 104 E.

[446]. Ps.-Plut., Vita Homeri, 126; Porph. ap. Stob., Ecl., I, 49, 60, p. 445, Wachsmuth.

[447]. See above, p. 176.

[448]. See above, Lecture II, p. 78.

[449]. Cf. Revue de philologie, XLIV, 1921, p. 232 ss.

[450]. Above, Introd., p. 13.

[451]. Museum of the University of California; Kaibel, Inscr. Sicil. et Ital., 12, 1196. The sentence is taken from Republ., X, 617 C.

[452]. Porph., De regressu anim., fr. 11, Bidez = Aug., Civ. Dei, X, 30; Jamblich. ap. Nemes., De nat. hom., 2; cf. Zeller, Philos. Gr., V4, p. 713.

[453]. .sp 1

“Has omnes, ubi mille rotam volvere per annos,

Lethaeum ad fluvium deus evocat agmine magno,

Scilicet immemores super ut convexa revisant,

Rursus et incipiant in corpore velle reverti.”

Aen., VI, 749–753.

[454]. See above, Lecture VI, p. 162, and Introd., p. 29.

[455]. Études syriennes, p. 70.

[456]. See Lecture VI, p. 161; cf. below, Lecture VIII, p. 196.

[457]. Virg., Aen., VI, 740 ss.

[458]. Plut., De facie lunae, p. 943 B.

[459]. Ps. Apul., Asclep., 28.

[460]. Jahresh. Institut Wien, XII, 1910, p. 213.

[461]. See above, Lecture III, p. 107.

[462]. Macrob., Comm. Somn. Scip., I, 11, 8; Proclus, In Tim., II, 48, 15 ss., Diehl.

[463]. Lecture II, p. 87 ss.

[464]. See Lecture I, p. 64 ss.

[465]. Tibullus, II, 6, 30: “Sic bene sub tenera parva quiescat humo.”

[466]. Tertull., De testimonio animae, 4.

[467]. Securitati aeternae; cf. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8025 ss., 8149.

[468]. Cic., Catil., IV, 7; cf. Tusc., I, 11, 25; 49, 118.

[469]. Sen., Dial., VI, 19, 5.

[470]. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8024 and note; cf. Cic., Tusc., I, 41, 97; and Introd., p. 10.

[471]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1274:

“Morborum vitia et vitae mala maxima fugi.

Nunc careo poenis, pace fruor placida.”

[472]. Bücheler, ibid., 573:

“Qui post tantum onus, multos crebrosque labores

Nunc silet et tacito contentus sede quiescit.”

[473]. Bücheler, ibid., 507: “Poena fuit vita, requies mihi morte parata est.”

[474]. Transl. by J. C. Anderson (in my Astrology and Religion, p. 171).

[475]. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8393, 79: “Te di Manes tui ut quietam patiantur atque ita tueantur opto.”

[476]. See above, Lecture I, p. 68; II, p. 86, n. 39; V, p. 134.

[477]. See above, Lecture VI, p. 143.

[478]. Virg., Aen., VI, 705: “Domos placidas.”

[479]. See Introd., p. 34 ss.

[480]. Comptes rendus Acad. Inscr., 1912, p. 151 ss.; cf. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 513.

[481]. Lecture III, p. 95.

[482]. Lecture VI, p. 150.

[483]. Odyssey, VI, 42 ss.

[484]. Lucretius, III, 18 ss.

[485]. Zeno, fr. 147 (von Arnim, Fragm. Stoicorum, I, p. 40): “Zeno docuit sedes piorum ab impiis esse discretas et illos quidem quietas ac delectabiles habitare regiones.”

[486]. See Introd., p. 25; Lecture III, p. 96.

[487]. Macrob., Somn. Scip., I, 11, 6: “Vitae mortisque confinium.”

[488]. See above, Lecture II, p. 81 s.

[489]. See Lecture VII, p. 185 s.

[490]. Sen., Consol. Marc., 24, 5: “(Animus) nititur illo unde demissus est; ibi illum aeterna requies manet e confusis crassisque pura et liquida visentem.”

[491]. Plotin., IX, 8, 9, p. 768 A; IX, 8, 11, p. 770 C.

[492]. Cf. Aug., Serm., CCLX (P.L. XXXVIII, 1132, 38): “Dixerunt Platonici ... animas, ire ad superna caelorum et requiescere ibi in stellis et luminibus istis conspicuis.”

[493]. Lecture I, p. 45 ss.

[494]. Ibid., p. 69.

[495]. St. Ambrose, De bono mortis, 9; cf. Kaibel, Inscr. Sic. It., 2117.

[496]. Aug., De anima, II, 12.

[497]. Book of Enoch, 39.

[498]. IV Esdr., VII, 91: “Requiescent per septem ordines”; cf. VII, 95 (p. 131 ss., Violet).

[499]. IV Esdr., VII, 36, 38 (p. 146, Violet).

[500]. Ambrose, De bono mortis, 12, § 53 (P.L., XIV, 154); cf. IV Esdr., VII, 39.

[501]. See Lecture I, p. 50.

[502]. See Lecture I, p. 54.

[503]. Ibid., p. 57.

[504]. Calder, Journal of Roman Studies, 1912, p. 254.

[505]. See above, Lecture I, p. 55 ss.

[506]. See Introd., p. 35; Lecture IV, p. 126.

[507]. Lucian, Verae hist., II, 14.

[508]. Best reproduction, Wilpert, Pitture delle Catacombe Romane, II, 132–133.

[509]. See above, Introd., pp. 35, 37.

[510]. Aelius Arist., XLV (VIII), 27 (p. 360, Keil).

[511]. See my Oriental Religions, Chap. IV, end.

[512]. See Lecture IV, p. 122; Introd., p. 34.

[513]. CIL, III, 14165.

[514]. See Lecture I, p. 68; II, p. 86; V, p. 134.

[515]. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1317 = CIL, VI, 142; cf. Plato, Phaedo, p. 107D.

[516]. As it is elsewhere; cf. Introd., p. 11.

[517]. Lagrange, Religions sémitiques2, 1905, p. 493.

[518]. Horace, Od., III, 3, 12.

[519]. Lecture IV, p. 113 s., 116 ss.

[520]. See, for instance, Kaibel, Epigr. Graeca, 312, 13.

[521]. Julian, Caesares, p. 307 C; cf. Introd., p. 29; Lecture III, p. 98.

[522]. Patrologia Orientalis, I, p. 1014.

[523]. See above, Lecture I, p. 55 s.

[524]. Lecture IV, p. 121.

[525]. For instance, by the physician Thessalus (under Nero); cf. Cat. codd. astrol., VIII, 3, p. 137; VIII, 4, p. 257.

[526]. Cf. Lecture IV, pp. 121, 125 s.

[527]. See above, Lecture IV, p. 126.

[528]. P. 896 C; cf. p. 992 B.

[529]. See above, Lecture IV, p. 126.

[530]. The true interpretation has been given by Bevan, Stoics and Sceptics, 1913, p. 112 s.

[531]. Georg., II, 489 ss.:

“Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas,

Atque metus omnis et inexorabile Fatum

Subiecit pedibus, strepitumque Acherontis avari.”

[532]. Νηφάλιος μέθη, Philo., probably after Posidonius.

[533]. Cf. Lecture IV, p. 126.

[534]. Anthol. Palatina, IX, 577:

Οἶδ’ ὅτι θνατὸς ἐγὼ καὶ ἐφάμερος, ἀλλ’ ὅταν ἄστρων

μαστεύω πυκινὰς ἀμφιδρομους ἕλικας

οὐκετ’ ἐπιψαύω γαίης ποσὶν, ἀλλὰ παρ’ αὐτῷ

Ζανὶ θεοτρεφέος πίμπλαμαι ἀμβροσίης.

[535]. See Introd., p. 4.

[536]. See Lecture III, p. 108.

[537]. Μόνος πρὸς μόνῳ. The expression had been used by religion before being taken over by philosophy. Cf. Le culte égyptien et le mysticisme de Plotin, in Monuments Piot, XXV, 1922, p. 78 ss.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

  1. P. [137], changed ἄνώνυμοι to ἀνώνυμοι.
  2. P. [137], changed ἄτρόφοι to ἄτροφοι.
  3. P. [225], changed Ἁγιάζο to Ἁγιάζω.
  4. P. [225], changed εἴς to εἰς.
  5. [[391]], changed ἀποσκοπεεις to ἀποσκοπέεις.
  6. [[534]], changed Οῖδ’ to Οἶδ’.
  7. [[534]], changed ἀμφιδρομους ἓλικας to ἀμφιδρόμους ἕλικας.
  8. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.
  9. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.
  10. Footnotes were re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter.