After Life in Roman Paganism

by Franz Cumont

INDEX

• Ablutions, [118];
  • cf. “Lustration”
• Absorption in God, [36] s., [42], [122]
• Acheron, [5], [8], [15], [27], [78], [80] s., [84] s., [149], [210]
• Achilles, [74]
• Adonis, [116], [203]
• Aeacus, [10], [75]
• Aeneid, [48], [82] s., [151];
  • Aeneas, [74], [128];
  • cf. “Virgil”
• Africa, [93], [120], [139], [192]
• Age of reason, [137]
• Agricola, [18]
• Agrippina, [131]
• Ahriman, [89];
  • cf. “Spirit of Evil”
• Air full of souls, [26], [59], [160];
  • purifies, [119], [143], [186];
    • cf. Winds;
  • Aerial bodies, [103], [168];
    • cf. “Εἴδωλον”
• Alexander of Abonotichos, [9], [23], [180]
• Alexander of Aphrodisias, [6]
• Alexander the Great, [62]
• Alexandria, [17], [20], [79], [96];
  • cults, [36], [39];
  • cf. “Isis,” “Serapis”
• Allegorical interpretations, [12], [21], [24], [42], [78] ss., [82], [86], [152], [180], [195], [206]
• Amorgos, [105]
• Andromeda, [104]
• Angels, [140]
• Anima, [59], [167];
  • cf. “Soul”
• Ante diem (death), [133]
• Antinous, [105], [164]
• Antipodes, [80] s.
• Antonius Diogenes, [22]
• Aphraates, [206]
• Apocalypse of Peter, [173]
• Apocolocyntosis, [179]
• Apollo, [112], [123], [156];
  • Musagetes, [101]
• Apollonius of Tyana, [23], [164]
• Apotheosis of heroes, [32], [205];
  • of emperors, [102], [112] s., [156], [164];
  • of Claudius, [179];
  • of great men, [114] s.;
  • in mysteries, [118] ss.;
  • of children, [138] ss.
• Appius Claudius Pulcher, [22]
• Apuleius, [108], n. 41
• Aristarchus, [79]
• Aristophanes, [95]
• Aristotle, [6], [17], [77], [98], [131];
  • cf. “Peripatetic”
• Armenia, [52]
• Arnold (Matthew), [116]
• Asia Minor, [112];
  • cf. “Cybele”
• Astral body, [169]
• Astrolatry, [123], [207];
  • cf. “Stars”
• Astrology, [17], [28], [92] s., [96], [100], [102], [117], [187]
• Ataraxia, [8], [191]
• Atargatis, [121]
• Athribis, [93]
• Atmosphere, [25], [81], [162], [168];
  • cf. “Hades”
• Attis, [35] ss., [39], [116], [203]
• Augustus, [156]
• Avernus, [74]
• Axiochos, [79]
• Babylonia, [94], [156];
  • cf. “Chaldeans”
• Bacchus, [52], [120], [138] s., [202], [211];
  • Bacchantes, [62];
  • cf. “Dionysos”
• Banquet; funeral, [53] ss., [200] ss.;
  • ritual, [120] ss., [203] s.;
  • eternal, [35], [151], [201] ss.;
  • of the gods, [204]
• Biothanati, [26], [129] ss., [141] ss.
• Bird (soul), [59], [157] s.
• Black hand, [135]
• Black souls, [166]
• Blood poured on tombs, [51];
  • seat of life, [51], [118];
  • in mysteries, [113], [201] ss.
• Boats (sun and moon), [92], [113], [154] s.;
  • carry souls, [155];
    • cf. “Charon”
• Body carried to heaven, [159], [164];
  • • cf. 165, [167];
  • soul attached to body, [182] s.;
    • cf. 44 ss.;
  • cf. “Corpse”
• Book of the Dead, [148], [175], [193];
  • of Enoch, [108], [198];
  • of Arta Viraf, [175]
• Boscoreale (goblets), [11]
• Bread, [120]
• Buddhism, [177]
• Burial necessary, [64] ss., [197];
  • refused, [65], [143], [145] s.;
  • cf. “Insepulti”
• Byzantines, [132], [146]
• Caesar (Julius), [8], [51], [104]
• Calendar, [102]
• California, [148]
• Caligula, [67], [131]
• Callimachus, [17]
• Cameo of Paris, [156]
• Cancer and Capricorn, [153]
• Carducci, [115]
• Carneades, [6]
• Castor and Pollux, [104], [113], [205];
  • cf. “Dioscuri”
• Castor of Rhodes, [22], [97]
• Catacombs, [202], [206]
• Catasterism, [104], [113];
  • cf. “Stars”
• Cato of Utica, [26], [144]
• Catullus, [17]
• Celsus, [88]
• Celts, see “Druids,” “Gaul”
• Cena novemdialis, [53]
• Cenotaph, [65];
  • cf. 48
• Cerberus, [10], [83], [87]
• Chaldaic oracles, [38], [103]
• Chaldeans, [28], [35], [37] s., [95], [100] ss., [107] s., [160], [208] s.;
  • cf. “Babylonia”
• Chariot of the sun, [102], [113], [156] s.
• Charon, [85], [149], [174];
  • Charon’s boat, [10], [25], [66], [75], [80], [155]
• Children sacrificed, [135];
  • games in other life, [138] s.;
  • unbaptised, [198];
  • cf. “Untimely death,” “Apotheosis”
• Christians, pagan customs of, [52], [55] s., [119], [145] s., [200];
  • beliefs, [68] s., [90], [92], [108], [140] s., [143], [153], [187], [196] ss.;
  • biothanati, [146]
• Chrysippus, [13]
• Church, see “Christians”
• Cicero, [19], [26] s., [31] ss., [44], [83], [104] s., [111], [113], [135], [152], [161], [165]
• Circe, [74], [180]
• Circumpotatio, [55]
• Claudius, [152], [179]
• Cleanthes, [13]
• Cocytus, [78]
• Colleges (funeral), [67], [143]
• Comet, [104];
  • cf. “Star”
• Commodianus, [146]
• Como, [192]
• Conflagration of the world, [12] ss.
• Consus, [71]
• Contemplation of stars, [209];
  • cf. “Sight of God”
• Copernicus, [28], [109]
• Corinthians (Epistle to), [11], [106]
• Cornutus, [14]
• Corpse (life of), [45], [164];
  • cf. “Body”
• Corstopitum, [156]
• Crescent (symbol), [93], [97], [99]
• Crown of life, [117]
• Curse-tablets, see “Defixiones”
• Cybele, [35] ss., [39]
• Cynics, [65]
• Cyprus, [135]
• Danaïdes, [85], [87], [171], [181]
• Dante, [43], [109], [174], [187]
• Dead; food of, [50];
  • partake of banquets, [54] s.;
  • communicate with living, [58] s.;
  • feared, [47];
  • malevolent, [63] s.;
  • tutelary spirits, [60] s.;
  • keep character of living, [73];
  • received by shades or not, [68], [86], [193];
  • physical character of, [165] ss.;
  • cf. “Ghosts,” “Soul,” “Spirits”
• Death, sleep, [10], [45], [192];
  • not to be feared, [7] ss., [19];
  • second d., [110];
  • untimely d., [128] ss.;
  • represented as a monster, [117]
• Defixiones, [63], [68], [134]
• Deification, [34], [111] s.;
  • cf. “Apotheosis”
• Demetrius of Tarsus, [186]
• Democritus, [5], [7]
• Demons, [26], [29], [60], [62], [80], [86] s., [88] s., [133], [136], [145], [154], [162], [172], [175]
• Destiny, see “Fatalism”
• Devotio, [63]
• Di animales, [149]
• Dido, [59]
• Didyma, [99]
• Dio Cassius, [62]
• Dionysos (mysteries), [35], [120], [123], [201] s., [211];
  • cf. “Bacchus”
• Dioscuri, [156];
  • cf. “Castor”
• Dolphins, [180]
• Domitian, [103]
• Druids, [23], [94], [178]
• Druses, [178]
• Dualism, [24], [89], [117], [188]
• Eagle carries souls, [102], [113], [157] ss.
• Earth (Mother), [36], [86];
  • cf. “Cybele,” “Moon”
• Eclecticism, [21], [27]
• Ecstasy, [42], [121], [126], [196]
• Egypt, [48] s., [54], [86], [112], [134], [157], [173], [177] s.;
  • Egyptian religion, [45], [76], [79], [94], [113], [122] s., [148], [153], [167], [175], [202], [207], [213];
    • in Rome, [36] ss.
• Elements purify the soul, [25], [81], [119], [185] ss., [196], [201]
• Eleusis, [34], [138];
  • cf. “Mysteries”
• Elijah, [156]
• Elysian fields, [34], [73], [76], [79], [84], [120], [138] s., [151], [165], [171] ss., [184], [193] s.;
  • in the moon, [25], [81] s., [97];
  • about the moon, [98];
  • among the stars, [104], [187];
  • represented, [74];
  • cf. “Hades”
• Emperors, divinity of, [112] s.;
  • cf. “Apotheosis”
  • not subject to fate, [117];
    • cf. “Kings”
• Ennius, [21], [79], [165]
• Enoch, [108], [198]
• Epictetus, [12], [14]
• Epicurus, [7] ss., [20];
  • Epicureans, [65], [77], [110], [195], [204], [210]
• Epinomis, [208]
• Epiphanies of gods, [121], [123]
• Epoptism, [121];
  • cf. “Sight of god”
• Erinyes, [26], [75], [78], [173] ss., [181] s.;
  • cf. “Furies”
• Eros, [138]
• Esdras, [198]
• Eternal house (tomb), [3], [48];
  • eternal rest, [196], [199];
  • eternal pains, [76], [88], [172];
  • eternal banquet, see “Banquet”
• Etruscans, [5], [53] s., [63], [71], [74] s., [117], [149] s., [155], [174], [178]
• Eusebius of Alexandria, [92]
• Evil eye, [154]
• Evil, Spirit of, see “Spirit”
• Executed criminals, [145];
  • cf. “Biothanati”
• Fatalism, [117], [133] s., [136], [179], [183]
• Fates, [84], [134], [138]
• Fatum, [133]
• Faustina, [156]
• Fire, stoic, [12] ss.;
  • heavenly, [28], [185];
    • cf. “Stars;”
  • of hell, [175] s.;
  • purifies, [119], [176], [185] ss.;
    • cf. “Pyriphlegeton”
• Fish, sacred, [121]
• Food of the dead, [50] s., [56]
• Fortunate islands, see “Islands”
• Freer collection, [154]
• Funeral cult, [47] ss.;
  • funeral banquet, see “Banquet,” “Sculpture”
• Galileo, [109]
• Ganymede, [159]
• Garden of tombs, [57], [200]
• Gates, of Hades, [70], [80];
  • of heaven, [153], [162] s.
• Gaul, [23];
  • cf. “Druids”
• Gello, [134]
• Genii, [60], [142]
• Germanicus, [156]
• Ghosts, [4], [7], [62] s., [67] s., [83], [91], [130] s., [134], [165], [197]
• Gladiators, [51], [136]
• Gnosis (sacred lore), [23], [111], [114], [121] ss., [125], [207] ss.
• Goat Star, [105]
• Gobryes, [79]
• God immanent, [30];
  • cf. “World;”
  • transcendent, [41];
  • identification with g., [34], [107] s.;
    • cf. “Soul;”
  • sight of God, [121], [207];
  • visible gods (stars), [31], [104], [108];
    • cf. “Epiphanies;”
  • sage, god on earth, [14], [111] s.;
  • evil god, [133];
  • god eaten in mysteries, [120]
• Greek beliefs, [5], [61], [69], [72] ss., [79], [87], [95], [102], [105], [113], [115], [117], [146] s., [155], [157], [174], [177];
  • mysteries, [34] s.;
    • cf. “Dionysos,” “Eleusis;”
  • funeral cult, [53] s., [56]
• Guide of souls, see “Psychopomp”
• Hadad, [205]
• Hades, Greek, [4] s., [72], [134], [148], [170];
  • stoic, [14];
  • Pythagorean, [26], [78], [81], [181];
  • Neo-Platonic, [41], [88];
  • mysteries, [37];
  • descent into H., [148] ss., [171];
  • on earth, [78], [181] s.;
  • in the air, [168];
    • cf. “Atmosphere;”
  • between sun and moon, [103];
  • cf. “Gate,” “Inferi,” “Tartarus,” “Nether world”
• Hadrian, [104], [157]
• Hanged, [143];
  • rope amulet, [136]
• Harmony of spheres, [25], [101], [115], [212]
• Heavens, three, [106];
  • eight, [106] s.;
  • cf. “Immortality,” “Planets”
• Hecate, [92], [134]
• Heliodorus of Emesa, [68], [86]
• Helios, [123], [130];
  • cf. “Sun”
• Hell dragon, [154];
  • cf. “Hades”
• Hemispheres opposed, [80] s.
• Hercules, [104], [113], [123], [144], [167], [205];
  • at crossroads, [150], [194]
• Hermes, [180];
  • soul-guide, [25], [85], [105], [138], [163];
  • (Thot), [122]
• Hermes Trismegistus, [38], [114], [121], [180], [186]
• Herodotus, [177]
• Heroes, [113] ss., [140], [142], [149], [167], [204] s.
• Hesiod, [150]
• Hic requiescit, [191], [197]
• Hierapolis, [159]
• Hipparchus, [96]
• Honey, [52], [119] s.
• Horace, [12], [130], [142], [205]
• Horse carries souls, [155] s.
• Hostanes, [136]
• Hypsistos (Most High), [41], [104], [108], [130]
• Icaromenippus, [106]
• Imago, [166]
• Immortality, earthly, [19] s.;
  • celestial, [25] ss., [29], [32], [37], [91] ss., [138];
  • lunar, [96] ss.;
    • cf. “Moon;”
  • solar, [100] ss.;
    • cf. “Sun;”
  • stellar, [103] ss.;
    • cf. “Stars;”
  • conception of i., [110];
  • privilege of divinity, [111];
  • i. of the few, see “Heroes”
• Incineration, [46]
• India, [54], [93], [95], [177]
• Infants (death of), [128] ss.
• Inferi, [4], [25], [71], [78], [81], [86], [166], [195];
  • cf. “Hades,” “Nether world”
• Innupti, [137]
• Insepulti, [25], [64] ss., [145];
  • rejected by shades, [68], [86], [193]
• Intoxication, [126], [205], [211] s.;
  • cf. “Wine”
• Invicti (stars), [117]
• Ion of Chios, [95]
• Irish wake, [55]
• Isis, [36] s., [121], [123], [154]
• Islands of the Blessed, [25], [80] s., [96], [155];
  • of impious, [175]
• Ixion, [84] s., [171]
• Jacob’s ladder, [154]
• Jamblichus, [40], [103], [169], [184], [207]
• Jews, [35], [89], [108], [135], [142], [197] ss., [206];
  • cf. “Philo”
• John Climacus, [154]
• Josephus, [142]
• Journey to Hades, [148] ss.;
  • to heaven, [152] ss.
• Judaism, see “Jews”
• Judgment of the dead, [76], [88], [151], [172] s.
• Julian the Apostate, [9], [42], [98], [157], [161], [164], [205]
• Julius Caesar, see “Caesar”
• Jupiter, [106];
  • summus exsuperantissimus, [108];
  • star, [107], [187]
• Katoptromanteia, [166], n. 62
• Kings immortal, [112];
  • anointing of k., [119];
  • cf. “Emperors”
• Kiss (last), [59]
• Lactantius, [153]
• Ladder, [153] ss.
• Larvae, [63]
• Lemures, [4], [60], [72], [131];
  • Lemuria, [63], [71]
• Lesbos, [134]
• Lethe, [76], [184], [201]
• Libations on tombs, [50] ss., [204]
• Libri Acheruntici, [149]
• Lion, [187]
• Liternum, [47]
• Livia, wife of Drusus, [135]
• Lucan, [103]
• Lucian of Samosata, [8], [23], [39], [49], [54], [62], [67], [75], [97], [106], [175], [201]
• Lucretius, [7], [45] s., [138], [210]
• Lunula, [97]
• Lustrations, [118]
• Lysimachus, [65]
• Maccabees, [142]
• Macrobius, [132] s.
• Magi, [79], [95]
• Magic, [22], [26], [52], [67], [118], [119], [124], [130] s., [133] ss., [143], [154], [158], [163], [166];
  • magic papyri, [86], [134] ss.;
  • cf. “Necromancy”
• Manalis lapis, [71]
• Manes, [4], [18], [32], [47], [54], [60] ss., [72], [86], [93], passim
• Manicheans, [93], [103], [154], [178]
• Manilius, [31], [112], [133]
• Marcellus, [156]
• Marcus Aurelius, [14], [39]
• Mars, [123];
  • star, [107], [131], [141], [187]
• Marseilles, [163]
• Martyrs, [143], [145]
• Maximus of Tyre, [61]
• Mazdeans, [89], [95], [175], [188];
  • cf. “Persia”
• Meals, see “Banquets”
• Melikraton, [52]
• Memoriae aeternae, [19]
• Memory, Lake of, [148]
• Menander, [141]
• Mercury (star), [107], [187];
  • cf. “Hermes”
• Metempsychosis, [26], [41] s., [74], [78], [82] s., [172], [177] ss.;
  • in beasts, [179] s., [183];
  • in plants, [179];
  • punishment, [180]
• Miletus, [105]
• Milk, [52]
• Milky Way, [94], [104], [152] s.
• Minos, [75], [85]
• Mirrors in magic, [166]
• Mithras, [37] s., [89], [103], [106], [154], [156], [164], [178];
  • cf. 163
• Mojave Indians, [148]
• Money (in mouth of dead), [84]
• Monsters, see “Death”, “Souls”
• Monteleone (chariot), [155], n. 23
• Moon, [28], [29], [86];
  • new moon, [91];
  • m. and resurrection, [91] s.;
  • abode of souls, [25] s., [93] s., [96] s., [186], [195];
  • dissolves souls, [168];
  • limit of heaven, [25], [98] s.;
  • Olympic earth, [97];
    • cf. 187;
  • rules physical life, [102], [107];
    • cf. “Boat”
• Mother of gods, [35] ss.
• Mourning, [47], [51]
• Muses, [101], [115], [210]
• Music, [24], [132];
  • cf. “Harmony of spheres”
• Mussulman, [142]
• Mysteries, Greek, [34] s., [138];
  • cf. “Dionysos,” “Eleusis;”
  • oriental, [33] ss., [96], [116] ss., [138], [160];
  • m. and philosophy, [38], [124] ss.;
  • transformed, [38] s., [82];
  • children initiated, [138]
• Mysticism, astral, [30], [126], [208] ss.;
  • Neo-Platonic, [42], [125]
• Naiads, [139]
• Necromancy, [53], [62], [66], [68], [190]
• Nectabis, [136]
• Nekyia, [82]
• Nemesis, [130]
• Neo-Platonists, [40], [87] s., [106], [110], [124], [144], [163], [169], [196]
• Neo-Pythagoreans, see “Pythagoreans”
• Nereids, [139]
• Nero, [103], [131]
• Nether world, [70] ss.;
  • imitation of city, [75], [172] s.;
  • lower hemisphere, [79];
  • in the air, [81];
    • cf. “Atmosphere;”
  • scepticism about n.w., [18], [83] s.;
  • faith in n.w. preserved, [36] s.;
  • cf. “Hades,” “Inferi”
• New York (Museum), [155], n. 23
• Nigidius Figulus, [22], [32], [97]
• Non nutriti, [137]
• Nosaïris, [178]
• Nous, [103], [168], [213]
• Numa, [21]
• Number (Pythagorean), [132]
• Numenius, [107]
• Nymphs, [140]
• Octavius, [51]
• Oenoanda, [9]
• Oil, [119]
• Olympus, [80], [88], [104] s., [157], [163], [195];
  • Olympic earth, [97];
    • cf. 187
• Omophagy, [120]
• Orcus, [83];
  • cf. “Hades”
• Oriental mysteries, [33] ss.;
  • cf. “Mysteries;”
  • Or. religions, [117], [203], [209]
• Origen, [108] s., [140], [154], [188]
• Orphism, [5], [21], [34] s., [73] s., [77], [138], [148] s., [171] s., [174], [177] ss., [187] s., [193], [201]
• Oscilla, [143]
• Osiris, [35], [113], [116], [122] s., [202] s.;
  • cf. “Serapis”
• Os resectum, [65];
  • ossa quiescant, [191]
• Ovid, [22], [73], [104]
• Pains of hell, [170] ss.;
  • cf. “Fire,” “Eternal”
• Paintings, [93];
  • cf. catacombs, [202], [206]
• Palingenesis, [13], [182] ss.
• Panaetius, [13], [27] s.
• Panamu (king), [205]
• Pannonia, [186]
• Papyri, [157];
  • cf. “Magic”
• Paradise, [200], [205]
• Parcae, [84]
• Parentalia, [63], [71]
• Pascal, [2], [30]
• Pausanias, [95]
• Pegasus, [156]
• Pericles, [1]
• Periktione, [78]
• Peripatetic school, [6], [77];
  • cf. “Aristotle”
• Persia, [54], [89], [95] s., [107], [156], [175], [177];
  • cf. “Mazdeans,” “Mithras”
• Pessimism, [24], [39], [41]
• Petelia tablet, [148]
• Peter, apocalypse of, [173]
• Petosiris, [132]
• Petronius, [49], [135]
• Phantoms, see “Ghosts”
• Pharaohs, [113], [123];
  • cf. “Egypt”
• Philadelphia, [151]
• Philip of Opus, [208]
• Philo the Jew, [31], [140], [154]
• Philosophy, [5] ss.;
  • and mysteries, [38], [121];
  • philosophers immortal, [114], [124];
  • priests of the world, [125];
  • wonder-workers, [114];
  • cf. “Epicureans,” “Neo-Platonists,” “Pythagoreans,” “Stoics”
• Phoebus, [157];
  • cf. “Sun”
• Phosphorus, [159]
• Phrygian cult, [35] s.;
  • cf. “Sabazios”
• Pindar, [73]
• Pirithous, [171]
• Planets, [28], [168], [179], [209];
  • planetary spheres, [103], [106] ss., [154], [187]
• Plato, [6], [7], [18], [23], [26], [28], [32], [39], [42], [66], [77], [87] ss., [95], [99], [107], [129], [136], [158], [169], [178], [182] ss., [188];
  • Plato’s cavern, [23], [99];
  • Phaedo, [49], [79], [144], [152], [163];
  • cf. “Axiochos,” “Neo-Platonists”
• Plautus, [5]
• Pliny the Elder, [8], [83], [92], [96];
  • the Younger, [67]
• Plotinus, [23], [40] ss., [61], [125], [144], [212] s.
• Plutarch, [39], [83], [87], [129], [173], [186]
• Pluto, [75], [84] s.;
  • cf. “Hades”
• Pneuma, see “Πνεῦμα”
• Polybius, [5]
• Pontiffs, [65];
  • cf. 44
• Porch, see “Stoics”
• Porphyry, [40], [42], [87], [120], [125], [144], [184]
• Posidonius of Apamea, [27] ss., [32], [39], [43], [82], [98], [124], [136], [161], [184]
• Praesens numen, [112]
• Praetextatus (catacombs), [202]
• Prayer (silent), [24], [122], [126]
• Priests immortal, [114];
  • anointed, [119];
  • cf. “Philosophers”
• Proclus, [87] s., [169]
• Prodicus, [150]
• Propertius, [47]
• Proserpina, [25], [75], [95], [97]
• Psyche, [25], [59]
• Psychopomp, [94], [163];
  • cf. “Hermes,” “Sun”
• Ptolemies, [123];
  • cf. “Alexandria”
• Ptolemy’s system, [28], [43], [109];
  • astrology, [132];
  • epigram, [211]
• Punic cults, [93];
  • cf. 59;
  • cf. “Africa”
• Purgatory, [26], [82], [161] s., [185] ss.
• Purification of the soul, [118];
  • cf. “Purgatory”, “Lustrations”
• Pyre, [49], [159]
• Pyriphlegethon, [15], [76], [78], [81], [175], [185]
• Pythagoras, [20] ss., [97]
• Pythagoreans, [20] ss., [27], [32], [35], [38] ss., [59], [66], [68], [74], [77] s., [81], [95] s., [99] s., [104], [107], [121], [124], [129], [132] ss., [136] s., [144], [149] ss., [160], [167], [171], [177] ss., [181], [188], [194]
• Quies aeterna, [191]
• Quietae sedes, [195]
• Ra, [94], [113], [154]
• Rays of the sun, [160];
  • cf. “Sun”
• Reason rises to the sun, [103], [168];
  • cf. “Nous”
• Refrigerium, [202]
• Reincarnation, [26], [29];
  • cf. “Metempsychosis”
• Repast, see “Banquet”
• Repose of the dead, [190] ss.;
  • in the Elysian Fields, [193] s.;
  • in heaven, [195] ss.
• Rest, see “Repose,” “Quies”
• Resurrection of the flesh, [197]
• Retaliation, [173]
• Retribution, [72], [172] ss., [177] ss.;
  • cf. “Judgment”
• Revelation, [207];
  • cf. “Gnosis”
• Rhadamanthus, [75]
• Rhine, [154]
• Right and left, [152]
• Rites not needed, [125] ss.
• Roads (two), [150] ss.;
  • cf. “Milky Way”
• Rosalia, [53];
  • cf. 57
• Royal souls, [114];
  • cf. “Kings”
• Sabazios, [35], [202], [204]
• Sacrifices for the dead, [50] ss.
• Sage, god on earth, [14], [111] ss.
• Sallust, [8]
• Salvation in mysteries, [34] ss.
• Samos, [1]
• Sanctus, [111]
• San Francisco (museum), [183]
• Sarcophagi, [74], [85], [115], [149], [155];
  • cf. “Sculpture”
• Saturn, [107], [131], [141], [187]
• Satyrs, [138]
• Scarbantia, [186]
• Scepticism, [17] ss., [28], [31]
• Science deifies, [208] ss.;
  • cf. “Gnosis”
• Scipio’s tomb, [47];
  • Scipio’s dream, [32], [104]
• Sculpture (funeral), [85], [86], [117], [149], [151], [155] ss., [159], [165], [185] s., [194], [201], [205];
  • cf. “Paintings,” “Sarcophagi”
• Sea (death at), [129]
• Seals, [163]
• Securi (dead), [55], [191];
  • secura quies, [194]
• Selene, [96] s.;
  • cf. “Moon”
• Semites, [48], [79], [93] s., [103], [123];
  • cf. “Syrians”
• Sendjerli, [204]
• Seneca, [8], [14], [22], [31], [83], [152], [179], [196]
• Serapis, [36] s., [39], [122] s., [202];
  • cf. “Osiris”
• Servius, [60], passim
• Sextus Empiricus, [161]
• Shade, [165] ss.;
  • and soul, [79];
  • shades receive or reject dead, [68], [86], n. 39, [134], [193], [204];
  • cf. “Εἴδωλον,” “Umbra”
• Shahîd, [142]
• Sheol, [4]
• Ship, see “Boat”
• Sideribus recepti, [113]
• Sight of god, [121], [207];
  • cf. “Gnosis”
• Silicernium, [53]
• Simulacrum, [166] s.;
  • cf. “Εἴδωλον”
• Sisiphus, [78], [84], [170], [181]
• Sit tibi terra levis, [46]
• Sleep of death, [10], [45], [49], [192]
• Smyrna, [140]
• Socrates, [131]
• Solar attraction, [160];
  • cf. “Rays,” “Sun”
• Soldiers slain in battle, [142]
• Somno aeterno, [192]
• Soul a breath, [4], [7], [59], [164];
  • burning breath, [13] s., [24], [29], [87], [98], [161];
  • number, [24];
  • circular, [98];
  • a bird, [59], [93], [157] s.;
  • not immaterial, [118], [162];
  • physical nature, [164] ss.;
  • principle of movement, [110];
  • soul and shade, [79];
    • cf. “Εἴδωλον;”
  • pollution, [29], [118], [162], [185];
  • division, [168];
  • related to God, [12], [111];
  • union with God, [42], [122] s.;
  • becomes star, [92] s.;
  • journey, [148] ss.;
  • triple ascension, [106];
  • passage through planets, [107];
  • garments of s., [106] ss.;
  • hierarchy of souls, [108] s., [213];
  • how represented, [165], [167];
  • cf. “Ghost,” “Shade,” “Spirit,” “Stars”
• Spirit of Evil, [89], [175];
  • cf. “Ahriman”
• Spirits of the dead, [46] s., [56] s.;
  • of murdered, [130];
  • cf. “Soul”
• Stars and souls, [92] s., [94], [103] ss.;
  • shooting s., [92];
  • invicti, [117];
  • cf. “Comet”
• Statius, [103]
• Stele, see “Sculpture”
• Stoics, [12] ss., [21], [30] s., [33], [39], [46], [65], [77], [82], [87], [96], [98] s., [103], [113], [144], [179], [182], [195]
• Styx, [25], [75] s., [78], [80] s., [83] s., [134], [155], [193]
• Sublunary world, see “World”
• Suetonius, [86], [130]
• Suicide, [143] ss.
• Sun-god, [24], [86], [130];
  • cf. “Helios,” “Phoebus,” “Ra;”
  • and emperors, [157];
  • and eagle, [158];
  • psychopomp, [164];
  • star, [28], [100] s.;
  • new sun, [91];
  • heart of the world, [100];
  • reason of the world, [101], [107];
  • sun and souls, [94], [156] ss.;
    • cf. “Boat,” “Chariot”
• Suo die, [133]
• Syncretism, see “Eclecticism”
• Syria, [28], [40], [52], [73], [86], [92], [112], [131], [156] ss., [176], n. 11, [204] ss.;
  • Syrian cults, [37], [93], [96], [120] s.
• Taciti (Manes), [165]
• Tacitus, [18]
• Tages, [149]
• Tantalus, [9], [78], [84] s., [170], [181]
• Tartarus, [26], [27], [34], [75] s., [77], [79] s., [84] s., [171] ss., [175] s., [188];
  • cf. “Hades”
• Taurobolium, [119]
• Tertullian, [55]
• Theodore the Atheist, [65]
• Theophanes, [146]
• Theseus, [171]
• Tiberius, [86]
• Tibullus, [191]
• Timaeus of Locri, [78]
• Tiresias, [74]
• Titans, [178]
• Titus, [142]
• Tityus, [9], [170], [181]
• Tivoli, [183]
• Tomb, a dwelling, [3], [46] ss., [56];
  • furniture, [49] s., [72];
  • garden, [57], [200];
  • placed on roads, [58];
  • antechamber of nether world, [70];
  • tombstone, see “Sculpture,” “Sarcophagi”
• Torre San Severo (sarcophagus), [74]
• Trajan, [157]
• Transmigration, see “Metempsychosis”
• Tritons, [186]
• Ulysses, [74], [180]
• Umbra, [79], [166] s.
• Unburied, [64];
  • cf. “Insepulti”
• Unctions, [119], [163]
• Untimely death, [128] ss., [136] ss.
• Varro, [31]
• Vatinius, [22]
• Vegetarianism, [179]
• Vehicle of souls, [61], [169]
• Venus—star, [94], [107];
  • goddess, [104], [123], [187]
• Violation of tombs, [67] s.
• Virgil, [31], [59], [66], [73], [82] s., [128] s., [139], [142], [152], [172], [174], [182], [184], [186], [210]
• Warriors, see “Soldiers”
• Washing, see “Ablutions”
• Water, heavenly, [185];
  • libation of w., [51];
    • cf. 202;
  • purification by w., see “Elements,” “Lustration”
• Winds, [25], [60], [155], [161], [166], [185]
• Wine, [35], [52], [120], [203] ss., [211]
• Wizards, see “Magic”
• World—system of, [28], [99] s., [121];
  • divine, [12], [29] s., [126];
  • sublunary world, [99], [107], [117], [168], [195];
    • cf. “Moon”
• Y symbol, [26], [150] s., [194]
• Yezidis, [178]
• Zagreus, [138]
• Zeno, [195]
• Zeus, [112], [123];
  • cf. “Jupiter”