APPENDIX

The following is a chronological statement of the most important events in the life of Barbarossa:

1123 Birth.
1147 Married Adelaide; succeeded his father as Duke of Swabia; accompanied the second Crusade.
1152 Received the Crown of Germany.
1153 Divorced Adelaide.
1154 First Italian Campaign.
1155 Crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1156 Restored the Duchy of Bavaria to Henry the Lion; married Beatrice, daughter of the Count of Burgundy.
1157 Secured allegiance of Poland and Hungary.
1158 Second Italian Campaign.
1160 Excommunicated by Pope Alexander III.
1164-1174 Italian Campaigns.
1176 Defeated at Legnano.
1177 Made truce for six years with the Italian cities.
1183 Treaty of Constance.
1183 Led the third Crusade with Richard the Lion-Hearted of England and Philip Augustus of France.
1190 Death in Asia Minor by drowning.