CHAPTER III. FOOTNOTES.

[107.] Ellis's Introduction, i. p. 225.

[108.] Unfortunately the same contracted form serves in the Survey for both carucata and caruca.

[109.] An elaborate argument was raised by Archdeacon Hale in the valuable introduction to the Camden Society's edition of the Domesday of St. Paul's, to show that the values given at the end of the entry for each manor in the Domesday Survey consisted of the rents of free tenants. He based his view on the fact that in two cases quoted by him the amount of the value so given was exceeded by the amount for which the manor, in these cases, was let 'ad firmam;' and, further, upon a comparison of the Domesday values of the manors of St. Paul's with the recorded 'Summæ denariorum' in 1181, and 'Tenants' rents' in 1222. But the figures given are probably a sufficient refutation of the view taken, inasmuch as though the latter have a certain general correspondence with the Domesday values in almost every case, if the view were correct, there must have been a falling off in the number and value of the tenants' rents between the two periods. The falling off for the whole of the 18 manors must have been in this case from 155l. 10s. T.R.E., and 157l. 13s. 4d. T.R.W., of Domesday amounts, to 112l. 16s. 4d. in 1181, and 126l. 10s. 3d. in 1222. The true reading of these figures, there can hardly be a doubt, is that the amount of tenants' rents alone at the later date had become in the interval nearly as great as the whole value of the manors (including the land both in demesne and in villenage) at the time of the Domesday Survey. There is abundant evidence of the rapid growth of population, and especially of the class of free tenants, between the eleventh and the thirteenth century. The value of manors is given in many cases in the Hundred Rolls for Oxfordshire (including demesne land rents and services), and the figures in the following six cases in which the comparison is complete show a large rise in value, as might be expected:

Domesday Survey
NameValue
£ £ 
P. 156b. Lineham (T.R.E.)12modo 10
P. 157a. Henestan (T.R.E.)20" 18
P. 158b. Esthcote (T.R.E.)5"  8
P. 158b. Fulebroc (T.R.E.)16" 16
P. 159a. Ideberie (T.R.E.)12" 12
P. 159b. Caningeham (T.R.E.)12" 15
————
£77" £79
Hundred Rolls
NameValue
£ s.d. 
P. 743. Lynham2784 
P. 739. Ennestan38192 
P. 730. Estcot3234 
P. 744. Folebrok2877 
P. 734. Iddebir31121012
P. 733. Keyngham3742 
—— —— ——
£19515512

It is thus almost certain that both surveys were taken on the same plan, and embrace the value of the whole manor in each case.

[110.] Ancient Laws, &c., of England, Thorpe, 192.

[111.] Inquisitio Eliensis, f. 497 a.

[112.] Ellis, i. 237.

[113.] Ibid. i. 237, note. Domesday, i. 193 b. Orduuelle.

[114.] Ellis, i. 22. See, as to Francigenæ, Laws of W. Conq. iii. Nos. III. and IV. Thorpe, p. 211. As to the 'centuriatus,' see Capitulare de Villis Caroli Magni, s. 62—'Quid de liberis hominibus et centenis.' Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Hanover, 1881, p. 89.

[115.] The servi are mentioned sometimes as on the lord's demesne, and sometimes at the end of the tenants in villenage.

[116.] Survey, i. f. 252.

[117.] Ibid. i. ff. 162, 168, 169 b, 252.

[118.] Sub anno MLXXXV. Rolls Edition, by Thorpe, i. p. 353.

[119.] In the Inquisitio Eliensis the instances of bordarii and cottarii in Cambridgeshire are as follows:—

[120.] F. 128 a.

[121.] The value of the rentals had decreased since T.R.E., so that the village had not increased in the interval.

[122.] Freeman's Norman Conquest, iii. 12.

[123.] Contemporary Life of Edward the Confessor in the Harleian MSS., pp. 980, 985.

[124.] Memorials of Westminster Abbey, p. 15.

[125.] See Ellis's Introduction, vol. ii. p. 514.

[126.] Ellis, ii. p. 511.

[127.] Id.

[128.] Ibid. p. 514.

[129.] The arable acreage in these counties in 1879 was about twelve million acres.

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CHAPTER IV. THE OPEN FIELD SYSTEM TRACED IN SAXON TIMES—THE SCATTERING OF THE STRIPS ORIGINATED IN THE METHODS OF CO-ARATION.