CHAPTER V. FOOTNOTES.
[153.] '—villani uniuscujusque villæ. Deinde quomodo vocatur mansio' (f. 497).
[154.] Liber de Hyda, p. 63.
[155.] Id. p. 68.
[156.] Id. p. 72.
[157.] Luke xv. 16.
[158.] See Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, Thorpe, p. 185. This document was the subject of a special treatise by Dr. Heinrich Leo, Halle, 1842.
[159.] The Cronykil of Scotland, B. VI. c. xviii.
[160.] Matt. viii. 9.
[161.] Ines Domas, s. 51. Thorpe, p. 58.
[162.] Id. s. 63. Thorpe, p. 62.
[163.] Id. s. 63–6. Thorpe, pp. 62–3.
[164.] Matt. xxi. 33.
[165.] Boethius, c. xvii.
[166.] In the Codex Diplomaticus, No. MCCCLIV., there is an interesting document early in the eleventh century, the original of which is in the British Museum (MS. Cott. Tib. B. v. f. 76 b), written on the back of a much older copy of the Gospels, and containing particulars respecting the geburs on the Hatfield estate in Hertfordshire—their pedigrees, in fact—showing that they had intermarried with others of the following manors in Hertfordshire, viz.:—Tæccingawyrde (Datchworth), Wealaden (King's or Paul's Walden), Welugun (Welwyn), Wadtune (Watton), Munddene (Mundon), Wilmundeslea (Wymondley), and Eslingadene (Essenden). The fact that it was worth while to preserve a record of the pedigree of the geburs shows that they were adscripti glebæ. And there can be no doubt of the identity of the geburs of this document with the villani of the Domesday Survey of these various places. The pedigrees of villani or nativi were carefully kept in some manors even after the Black Death.
[167.] Cotton MS. Augustus, ii. 64. Fac-similes of Ancient Charters in the British Museum, Part II.
[168.] This may be read 23d. and a sester of barley; or, perhaps, 20d. and three sestras of barley. But the best reading seems to be that in the text.
[169.] This is a word often used in later documents, and seems to mean a certain amount of ploughing done as an equivalent for an allowance of grass. Grass-yrth may be the gafol for the share in the Lammas meadows, and the gafol-yrth for the arable in the yard-land.
[170.] Laws of Ine, s. 67. Thorpe, p. 63.
[171.] The opening clause of Ine's laws, as republished by King Alfred with his own, states that they were recorded under the counsel and teaching of his father Cenred, who resigned his kingship to Ine in A.D. 688.
[172.] Alfred and Guthrum's Peace, Thorpe, p. 66. 'We hold all equally dear, English and Danish, at viii. half marks of pure gold, except the "ceorle þe on gafol-lande sit, and heora liesingum" (lysingon); they also are equally dear at cc. shillings,' i.e. they are 'twihinde men.'
[173.] Matt. xvii. 25.
[174.] Beda, i. c. 34:—
Nemo enim in tribunis, nemo in regibus plures eorum terras, exterminatis vel subjugatis indigenis, aut tributarias genti Anglorum, aut habitabiles fecit.
Ne wæs æfre ænig cyning ne ealdorman
ma heora landa ute amærde
him to gewealde underþeodde forþon ðe he hi to gafulgyldum gesette on Angel ðeodde. oþþe of heora lande adraf.
Never was there ever any king nor ealdorman that more their lands exterminated, and to his power subjected, for that he them to gafol set to the English people, or else off their land drove.
[175.] Luke xvi.
[176.] Supplement to Edgar's Laws, i. Thorpe, p. 115.
[177.] Thorpe, p. 53, where they are mentioned as sometimes held by even 'Wiliscmen,' i.e. tenants not of Saxon blood.
[178.] Thorpe, p. 50.
[179.] Ibid. p. 46.
[180.] For the archæology of Tidenham see Proceedings of the Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club, 1874–5, and Mr. Ormerod's Archæological Memoirs relating to the district adjacent to the confluence of the Severn and the Wye. London, 1861 (not published).
[181.] Pp. 374–6.
[182.] Kemble's Cod. Dip. CCCCLII. (vol. ii. p. 327).
[183.] Codex Dip. iii. p. 444; App. CCCCLII. 'Ðis synd ða landgemæra tó Dyddenháme. Of Wægemúðan to iwes héafdan; of iwes héafden on Stánræwe; of Stánræwe on hwítan heal; of hwítan heale on iwdene; of iwdene on brádan mór; of brádan mór on Twyfyrd; of Twyfyrd on astege pul ut innan Sæfern.'
[184.] Cod. Dip. iii. p. 450, where they are evidently misplaced.
[185.] Cod. Dip. DCCC., XXII.
[186.] Cod. Dip. iii. p. 450.
[187.] Record Office, Chancery Inquisitions post mortem, Anno 35 Edw. I. No. 46b. Gloucestria, § Manerium de Tudenham.
[188.] Mr. Kemble identifies this place with Stoke near Hurstbourne Priors, near Whitechurch; but it may possibly be one of the Stokes on the Itchin River near Winchester.
That the upper part of the Itchin was called 'Hysseburne' and 'Ticceburne,' see Cod. Dip. MLXXVII., CCCXLII., MXXXIX. & CLVIII. The boundaries in MLXXVII. of 'Hysseburna' (beginning at Twyford) correspond at a few points with those of 'Hisseburne' in Abingdon, i. p. 318, and of Eastune appended thereto, and of Eastune in Cod. Dip. MCCXXX. The position of Twyford and Easton seems to fix this locality on the Itchin. The parishes of Itchin Stoke and Titchbourne ('æt Hisseburne') still nearly adjoin those of Twyford and Easton, but the parishes here are intermixed, and the 'Hysseburne' of the charters may have been a district with different boundaries, and may not be the Hysseburne of King Alfred's will. Compare Domesday Survey, i. 40, where Twyford, Eastune, and Stoches occur together among the 'Terra Wintonensis Episcopi.'
[189.] See Liber de Hyda, Mr. Edwards' Introduction.
[190.] Codex Dip. MLXXVII.; and Dugdale, Winchester Monastery, Num. X. This charter is preserved in a copy of the twelfth century in the Winchester Cartulary (St. Swithin's) now in the British Museum. Add. MSS. 15350, f. 69b.
[191.] Saxons in England, pp. 319 et seq.
[192.] H. Leo, Rectitudines. Halle, 1842, p. 231. 'Wenigstens weisz ich "on his gyrde landes" (auf seiner rute des gutes, oder des landes) an dieser stelle nicht anders zu erklären.'
[193.] See Kemble's Saxons in England, i. p. 196.
[194.] British Museum Cotton MS. Tib. A. III. f. 58b. For the text of this passage I am indebted to Mr. Thompson of the British Museum.
[195.] Bede's letter to Bishop Egbert. Smith, p. 309. 'Quod enim turpe est dicere, tot sub nomine monasteriorum loca hi qui monachicæ vitæ prorsus sunt expertes in suam ditionem acceperunt, sicut ipsi melius nostis, ut omnino desit locus, ubi filii nobilium aut emeritorum militum possessionem accipere possint,' &c.
[196.] King Alfred's Boethius, c. xxix. s. 10.
[197.] Alfred's Blossom Gatherings out of St. Augustine. British Museum, Vit. A. xv. f. 1:—Gaderode me þonne kigclas
stuþan sceaftas
lohsceaftas
hylfa to ælcum þara tola þe ic mid pircan cuðe
bohtimbru
bolt timbru
to ælcum þara peorca þe ic pyrcan cuðe þa plitegostan treopo be þam dele ðe ic aberan meihte. ne com ic naþer mid anre byrðene ham þe me ne lyste ealne þane pude ham brengan gif ic hyne ealne aberan meihte. on ælcum treopo ic geseah hpæt hpugu þæs þe ic æt ham beþorfte. For þam ic lære ælcne ðara þe maga si
ma[nigne] wæn hæbbe
he menige to þam ilcan puda þar ic ðas stuðan sceaftas cearf. Fetige hym þar ma
gefeðrige hys pænas mid fegrum gerdum þat he mage pindan manigne smicerne pan
manig ænlic hus settan
fegerne tun timbrian
þara
þær murge
softe mid mæge oneardian ægðer ge pintras ge sumeras spa spa ic nu ne gyt ne dyde. Ac se þe me lærde þam se pudu licode se mæg gedon
ic softor eardian ægðer ge on þisum lænan stoclife be þis pæge ða phile þe ic on þisse peorulde beo ge eac on þam hecan hame ðe he us gehaten hefð þurh scanctus augustinus
sēs gregorius
scanctus Ieronimus
purh manege oððre halie fædras spa ic gelyfe. eac
he gedo for heora ealra earnum ge ægðer ge þisne peig gelimpfulran gedo þonne he ær þissum pes ge hure mines modes eagan to þam ongelihte
ic mage rihtne peig aredian to þam ecan hame
to þam ecan are
to þare ecan reste þe us gehaten is þurh þa halgan fæderas sie spa. Nis hit nan pundor þeah m[an] sp[ylce] on timber gepirce
eac on þæ[re] lade
eac on þære bytlinge. ac ælcne man lyst siððan he ænig cotlyf on his hlafordes læne myd his fultume getimbred hæfð
he hine mote hpilum þar ongerestan.
huntigan.
fulian.
fiscian.
his on gehpilce pisan to þære lænan tilian ægþær ge on se ge on lande oð oð þone fyrst þe he bocland
æce yrfe þurh his hlafordes miltse geearnige. spa gedo se pile ga gidfola seðe egðer pilt ge þissa lænena stoclife ge þara ecena hama. Seðe ægþer gescop
ægðeres pilt forgife me
me to ægðrum onhagige ge her nytpyrde to beonne ge huru þider to cumane.—For the text of this passage I am indebted to Mr. Thompson.
[198.] 'Stoc-lif,' literally stake-hut. The logs were put upright, as in the case of the Saxon church at Greenstead in Essex.
[199.] 'Bytlinge;' hence the house was a 'botl.'
[200.] Schilteri Thesaur. Antiq. Teut. i. p. 158. Ulm, 1728.
[201.] See M. Guérard's Introduction to the Polyptyque de l'Abbé Irminon, pp. 250–75.
[202.] The leod-geld or wer-gild of a 'man' was 200 shillings (see mention of the half leod-geld of c. shillings, s. 21). As regards the three grades of læts, there were also three grades of female theows of the king (see s. 10–11), the cup-bearer, the grinding-theow, and the lowest class. See also s. 16, where again there is mention of three classes of theows, each with its value.
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