Footnotes
[1.] Mrs. Brassey: “A Voyage in the Sunbeam.” Her trip occupied eleven months. [2.] From a rare work in the author’s possession, entitled, “Songs of the Ship; or the British Seaman’s Jovial and Everlasting Songster.” [3.] Margharita Weppner, Author of “The North Star and the Southern Cross.” [4.] “American Notes for General Circulation.” [5.] The late Mr. W. S. Lindsay, in his “History of Merchant Shipping,” stated that Mr. and Mrs. Inman, “greatly to their credit, made a voyage in one of their earliest emigrant steamers, expressly for the purpose of ameliorating the discomforts and evils hitherto but too common in emigrant ships.” [6.] Margharita Weppner. [7.] “Westward by Rail.” [8.] Vide [page 18]. [9.] Pronounced Kanyon. The word is of Spanish origin, and signifies a deep rocky defile. [10.] All in the territory, and there are now a large number of miners, who are not believers in the Mormon faith, are considered outsiders and “Gentiles.” [11.] The highest newspaper offices in the United States, and, it is hardly to be doubted, in the world, are in Colorado. Georgetown, 8,452 feet elevation, has one; Central City, has two dailies, published at 8,300 feet above the sea level. [12.] Although the railway had remained intact, avalanches had occurred that winter in the mountain districts of Nevada and Utah, accompanied by serious loss of life. [13.] “A Ramble Round the World.” Translated by Lady Herbert. [14.] A. D. Carlisle, B.A., in “Round the World in 1870.” [15.] A. W. Guillemard: “Over Land and Sea. A Log of Travel Round the World in 1873-4.” [16.] E. K. Laird: “The Rambles of a Globe Trotter in Australia, Japan, China, Java, India, and Cashmere.” [17.] This fine vessel while lying at anchor in the roadstead of Yokohama, on the 24th of August, 1872, was destroyed by fire. In seven minutes after the first flames were discovered the ship from stem to stern was one sheet of flame. At the last moment the captain, terribly burnt, threw himself in the water and was rescued. Three Europeans and sixty Chinamen were either burnt to death or drowned. The Chinese, determined not to lose their savings, dawdled a little, and then threw themselves all together on a ladder, which broke with their weight. The gold found on their corpses proved that not one had returned poor from California. It is needless to say that Hübner’s description of the size of the America is incorrect. [18.] “A Voyage in the Sunbeam.” [19.] Hübner. [20.] Vide “Over Land and Sea.” [21.] E. K. Laird: “The Rambles of a Globe Trotter.” [22.] In “Australia and New Zealand.” [23.] In 1872 there were 41,000,000 sheep and 4,340,000 horned cattle in Australia. The tinned meat and extract works employ a large number of hands at good wages. [24.] Let the reader compare the following verses of Genesis:—“In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened.”—Chap. vii., verse 11.
“And it came to pass in the six hundredth and first year, in the first month, the first day of the month, the waters were dried up from off the earth: and Noah removed the covering of the ark, and looked, and, behold, the face of the ground was dry.
“And in the second month, on the seven and twentieth day of the month, was the earth dried.”—Chap. viii., verses 13 and 14. [25.] Vol. III., First Series, page 509. [26.] This chapter is based on the works of Tennant, Darwin, Gosse, Figuier, and other authorities. [27.] About £48,000. [28.] In “The Origin of Species.” [29.] The bulk of this chapter is derived from the following works:—“The Conquest of the Sea,” Siebe; “English Seamen and Divers,” M. Esquiros; an Article in “The Shipwrecked Mariner,” Vol. XXII.; &c. [30.] “Tales of Mystery and Imagination.” [31.] This account is mainly derived from the “History of the Atlantic Telegraph,” by Dr. Henry M. Field; “The Story of Cyrus Field;” and Dr. Russell’s letters in the Times. [32.] Leblond: “Voyage aux Antilles.” [33.] “A Year by the Sea-side.” [34.] “La Mer.” [35.] The popular idea regarding the necessity for the letter r in the open months for oyster-eating is tolerably correct in Europe, but will not apply to all parts of the world. [36.] The varied information concerning the oyster contained in this chapter is mainly derived from Bertram’s “Harvest of the Sea”; Figuier’s “Ocean World”; and from an interesting little brochure entitled “The Oyster, Where, How, and When to Find;” &c. [37.] The ancients masticated their oysters, and did not bolt or gulp them down. Many distinguished modern authorities agree with them. Dr. Kitchiner says it must be eaten alive. “The true lover of an oyster,” says he, “will have some regard for the feelings of his little favourite, and contrive to detach the fish from the shell so dexterously that the oyster is hardly conscious he has been ejected from his lodging till he feels the teeth of the piscivorous gourmet tickling him to death.” [38.] “The Harvest of the Sea.” [39.] Vide “The Natural History and Fishery of the Sperm Whale.” [40.] In “The World of the Sea.” M. Tandon is commenting on the account published by M. Sabin Barthelot, then French Consul at the Canary Islands. [41.] This account of the crustaceans is derived from the works of Milne-Edwards, Pennant and Bell, Gosse, Couch, Broderip, Rymer Jones and Major Lord, Figuier and Tandon. [42.] Louis Cecil. [43.] The contents of this chapter are derived from Dr. Bertram’s “Harvest of the Sea,” Figuier’s “Ocean World,” Hartwig’s “Sea and its Living Wonders,” Murphy’s “Rambles in North-Western America,” &c. [44.] The reader interested in further details will do well to peruse J. Mortimer Murphy’s “Rambles in North-Western America.” [45.] A very stout man, placed where no food is obtainable, will (health and age being identical) live longer than a lean one. There is a recorded case of a fat man living nearly sixty days without food. [46.] In his “Rambles beyond Railways.” [47.] This watcher also receives a percentage on the “take” of fish. [48.] The contents of this chapter are derived mainly from the works of Owen, Beale, Maury, Scammon, Gosse, and Timbs. [49.] Formerly, when spermaceti was only used in medicine, many tons of it were annually thrown into the Thames as useless, the supply being so much in excess of the demand. [50.] From an article entitled “Shipmates I have Known,” in The Shipwrecked Mariner: Journal of the Shipwrecked Mariners’ Society. [51.] The bulk of this chapter is derived from Philip Henry Gosse’s “Naturalist’s Rambles on the Devonshire Coast;” “Tenby: a Seaside Holiday;” “A Year at the Shore;” the Rev. J. G. Wood’s “Common Objects of the Sea-shore;” and Madame de Gasparin’s charming idyl, “By the Sea-shore.” [52.] “By the Sea-shore.” [53.] The reader may have found in his own experience that a garment which has been well drenched in salt water will always attract damp, however much dried by the fire. The only remedy is to thoroughly wash it in fresh water, and then dry it. [54.] This account is mainly derived from Wilkie Collins’s “Rambles beyond Railways,” and the Rev. C. A. Johns’s “Week at the Lizard.” [55.] “A Week at the Lizard.” [56.] The writer acknowledges his indebtedness to a series of papers entitled “Visits to the Sea Coasts,” published in the Journal of the Shipwrecked Mariners’ Society. That noble institution relieved in 1878-9 no less than 3,452 shipwrecked persons, by clothing them, and forwarding them to their homes, and in the case of fishermen, helping them to repair damage done in gales, &c., to their boats and fishing-gear. Seven thousand four hundred and ninety widows of mariners were relieved during that period, while 2,400 receive small annual allowances. A Seamen’s Provident Fund is also managed by the Society, to which 50,000 mariners contributed. During the period mentioned above ten gold and silver medals, a handsome sextant, and £25 in money, were awarded for saving fifty-one lives on the high seas or abroad. The society also organised the “Royal Alfred Aged Merchant Seamen’s Institution,” the home of which, at Belvedere, Kent, shelters about 100 poor mariners, and relieves by an out-pension a still larger number. Readers of this work who have been moved by the many tales of peril and heroism undergone and displayed by seamen and fishermen, will do well to remember, and remember practically, this worthy and most economically-managed society. [57.] United Service Gazette. [58.] United Service Gazette. [59.] This account of the loss of the Grosser Kurfürst is condensed from an article in the United Service Gazette. [60.] R. M. Ballantyne; “The Floating Light on the Goodwin Sands.” [61.] “Visits to the Sea Coasts,” in The Shipwrecked Mariner. [62.] Sarah Doudney. [63.] In a letter to The Shipwrecked Mariner, January, 1873. [64.] Leander.
“Who was nightly wont
(What maid will not the tale remember?)
To cross thy stream, broad Hellespont!”