The Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. Volume 4

by Frederick Whymper

GENERAL INDEX.

The names of the Ships in the British Navy are printed in Italics. Those of the Mercantile Marine and foreign vessels are printed with inverted commas [“ ”].

	“Aaron Manby,” iron steamer, [ii. 102]
	Abbot of Arberbrothok: the bell on the Inchcape Rock, [ii. 173]
	Accumulator, the, for deep-sea sounding, [i. 29], [35]
	Acephala, [iv. 128]
	Actinozoa, [iv. 115]
	Adair, Captain, killed at Trafalgar, [i. 11]
	Adams, John, a survivor of the mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 248], [249]
	Adams, William: his attempt to discover the North-west Passage, [iii. 142]
	Adrianson, Claes: his death at Nova Zembla, [iii. 139], [140]
	“Advance,” Dr. Kane’s ship in his search for Franklin, [iii. 214], [233]; the ship abandoned, [iii. 247]
	the ship abandoned, [iii. 247]
	“Adventure,” the ship of Captain Kidd, the pirate, [iii. 56], [57]
	“Adventure,” wrecked in the Tyne, [ii. 210]
	Adventure and Resolution, Captain Cook’s voyage of discovery, [iii. 277]
	Africa: diamond fields, [i. 210]
	African Company: slave trade, [ii. 33]
	African Naval Station, [i. 202]
	Agalma rubra, [iv. 118], [120]
	Agamemnon, [i. 16]; laying the first submarine Atlantic telegraph cable, [iv. 101], [102]
	laying the first submarine Atlantic telegraph cable, [iv. 101], [102]
	Agassiz, Prof.: on the sea-serpent, [iv. 187], [189]
	“Aid,” steam tug, Ramsgate, [ii. 215–224]; iv. 246
	Airy, Prof. Sir G. B.: the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, [iv. 278–282]
	Alaska, [i. 169]; Sitka, its capital, [169], [170]; intense cold in, [iii. 111], [135]; houses of the natives, [156], [157]
	Sitka, its capital, [169], [170];
	intense cold in, [iii. 111], [135];
	houses of the natives, [156], [157]
	“Albemarle,” Lieut. Cushing’s attack on the, [ii. 151]
	“Albion,” lugger, hovelling, [ii. 246]; the lugger lost, [248]
	the lugger lost, [248]
	Alcatras Island, San Francisco, [i. 157]
	Alceste, wreck of the, [i. 82], [83]
	Aldrich, Lieut. P., voyage of the Alert, [iii. 102], [107]
	Alert and Discovery: expedition to the Polar regions, highest latitude ever reached, [iii. 99–114]; departure of the ships from Portsmouth, [65], [84]; the Alert described, [92]; The Alert in winter quarters, [104]
	departure of the ships from Portsmouth, [65], [84];
	the Alert described, [92];
	The Alert in winter quarters, [104]
	Aleutian Islands, [i. 169], [170]
	Alexandra, turret ship, [ii. 146], [147]
	Alfonso XI., Gibraltar besieged by, [i. 91]
	Alfred the Great: his ships, [i. 265]
	Allan, Dr. John: propulsion of ships, [ii. 80]
	Almendral, or Almond Grove, Valparaiso, [i. 174]
	“Amazon,” burning of the, [ii. 257], [278–290]
	Amadas, Captain, discovery of Virginia, [i. 319]
	America: its name derived from Amerigo Vespucci, [iii. 301;] probably peopled by natives of Asia, [i. 139]; its colonisation, [ii. 62], [69]; map of Central America, [iii. 17]
	probably peopled by natives of Asia, [i. 139];
	its colonisation, [ii. 62], [69];
	map of Central America, [iii. 17]
	“America,” Pacific steam-ship, [iv. 38]
	American Arctic expeditions. (See [Grinnell, H.])
	American railways, [iv. 15–20]
	American sailors, [i. 226]
	Amerigo Vespucci, title of America derived from him, [iii. 301]
	“Amethyst,” action with the “Huascar,” [i. 26]
	Amherst, Lord: wreck of the Alceste, [i. 83]
	Ammonites, [iv. 143]
	Amroth, submerged forest at, [iv. 199]
	Amsterdam Island, [iii. 257]
	Amusements: on board ships, [iv. 33], [34]; on American railways, [27]
	on American railways, [27]
	Anderson, captain of the “Great Eastern:” laying the submarine telegraph cable, [iv. 108], [110]
	Anemones: sea-anemones, [iv. 123], [125]
	Animal life in the Arctic regions, [iii. 167], [171]
	“Ann” wrecked: loss of a life-boat, [ii. 212], [216]
	Anson, Commodore, at Juan Fernandez, [i. 33]; portrait, [ii. 45]; his voyage round the world in the Centurion, [45–62]; at Cape Horn, [49]; scurvy, [50]; mutiny and desertion, [52], [53]; capture of the “Carmelo,” [ii. 55], [56]. Other prizes: capture of Paita, [55]; Tinian, Ladrone Islands, [57]; “Nostra Signora de Cadabonga,” galleon, taken, [59], [60], [61]
	portrait, [ii. 45];
	his voyage round the world in the Centurion, [45–62];
	at Cape Horn, [49];
	scurvy, [50];
	mutiny and desertion, [52], [53];
	capture of the “Carmelo,” [ii. 55], [56].
	Other prizes: capture of Paita, [55]; Tinian, Ladrone Islands, [57]; “Nostra Signora de Cadabonga,” galleon, taken, [59], [60], [61]
	capture of Paita, [55];
	Tinian, Ladrone Islands, [57];
	“Nostra Signora de Cadabonga,” galleon, taken, [59], [60], [61]
	Antarctic Ice, the Challenger in, [i. 33]; icebergs, [35]
	icebergs, [35]
	Antarctic Regions, the, [iii. 276]
	Ants on board ship, [i. 222]
	Apes at Gibraltar, [i. 88], [97]
	Aquaria, their early and recent history, [iv. 114]
	Arbroath, the Bell Rock Lighthouse, [ii. 174]
	Arcachon, Bay of, its oyster-beds, [iv. 137]
	“Archimedes,” screw-propeller, [ii. 103]
	Arctic, derivation of the word, [iii. 276]
	Arctic expeditions, [iii. 84–275]; the first Arctic voyages, [iii. 115–123]; other early expeditions, [123–129]
	the first Arctic voyages, [iii. 115–123];
	other early expeditions, [123–129]
	“Arctic,” steam ship: collision with the “Vesta,” [ii. 107]; foundering of the “Arctic,” [108]; [iv. 283]
	foundering of the “Arctic,” [108]; [iv. 283]
	Argonauta, paper nautilus, [iv. 150]
	“Arizona,” Atlantic steamer, [iv. 3]
	Armada, Spanish, [i. 283–291]
	Armour plates and guns, [i. 86]. (See [Iron-clad ships].)
	(See [Iron-clad ships].)
	Armstrong, Sir W. G.: the Armstrong guns, [i. 86]
	Arsenals established by Henry VIII., [i. 282]
	Artillery, Marine, early history, [i. 278]; gunnery of war ships, [i. 14]
	gunnery of war ships, [i. 14]
	Ascension, Island of, [i. 200], [202]; abundance of turtle, [202]
	abundance of turtle, [202]
	“Assari Tefvik” (Turkish) and “Vesta” (Russian) ships: action between them, [i. 27]
	Assistance, the search for Franklin, [iii. 207]
	Assyrian skin-floats and basket-boats, [i. 258]
	“Astarte,” wreck of the, [iv. 243]
	Asterias (starfish), [iv. 125]
	Astrology, modern belief in, [iv. 278]
	Astronomy and Astronomers: the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Sir G. B. Airy, Astronomer-Royal, and his predecessors, [iv. 278–282]
	Atlantic Ferry, the Great: history of Transatlantic navigation, [iv. 1]; steerage of a steam-ship now and forty years ago, [4], [10–12]; different routes of circumnavigation, ib.; Dickens’s first trip, [3–12]; dinner in a storm, [9]; sub-marine telegraph cables: historical notices, [100]
	steerage of a steam-ship now and forty years ago, [4], [10–12];
	different routes of circumnavigation, ib.;
	Dickens’s first trip, [3–12];
	dinner in a storm, [9];
	sub-marine telegraph cables: historical notices, [100]
	Atlantic Ocean: its depth and other characteristics, [i. 29]; chart, [iv. 88]
	chart, [iv. 88]
	Audubon: passenger-pigeons on the Ohio, [iii. 167]
	Aurora Australis, or Southern Lights, [iii. 278]
	Austin, Captain: search for Franklin in the Resolute, [iii. 207]; “Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [iii. 216]
	“Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [iii. 216]
	Australia, discovery of gold in, [i. 151]; voyages of Dampier and Captain Cook, ib.: Botany Bay, ib.: Possession Island, [152]; Port Jackson, ib.; Sydney Cove, ib.; growth of population, [153]; transportation and free emigration, ib.; Sydney, [154]; hot winds, [155]; Port Philip, ib.; Melbourne, ib.; Sydney, [iv. 52]; Melbourne: view in Collins Street, [53]; gold, [55]
	voyages of Dampier and Captain Cook, ib.:
	Botany Bay, ib.:
	Possession Island, [152];
	Port Jackson, ib.;
	Sydney Cove, ib.;
	growth of population, [153];
	transportation and free emigration, ib.;
	Sydney, [154];
	hot winds, [155];
	Port Philip, ib.;
	Melbourne, ib.;
	Sydney, [iv. 52];
	Melbourne: view in Collins Street, [53];
	gold, [55]
	Australian Naval Station, [i. 119], [131], [150]
	Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition, [iii. 270]; the “Tegethoff:” two years on an ice-floe, [271]
	the “Tegethoff:” two years on an ice-floe, [271]
	Avatcha Bay and Mountain, [i. 131], [137]
	Avery, Captain, the pirate, [iii. 59–62]
	Avocado, or alligator-pear, [i. 186]

	Back, Captain: Arctic voyages, [iii. 166], [189], [193], [194]; his voyage in the Terror; nipped in the ice, [197]; his address to his men on the Terror, [201]
	his voyage in the Terror;
	nipped in the ice, [197];
	his address to his men on the Terror, [201]
	Back’s Great Fish River, [iii. 217]
	Baffin, William: his Arctic voyages, [iii. 149]
	Bahamas, wrecking at the, [ii. 244]
	Baker, the diver, accompanying Captain Webb in his swim across the Channel, [iv. 264]
	Ballantyne, R.M.: “The Floating Light on the Goodwin Sands,” [iv. 245]
	Banks, Sir Joseph: expedition of the Bounty, [i. 235]
	Baptism, ceremony of, [iii. 4]
	Baranoff, Captain: action between the “Vesta” and “Assari Tefvik,” [i. 27]
	Barbary, Pirates, [ii. 42]
	Barents, William: his voyage of discovery, [iii. 129–140]; his death in Nova Zembla, [iii. 139], [140]
	his death in Nova Zembla, [iii. 139], [140]
	Barlow, Captain: discovery of Virginia, [i. 319]
	Barnsfield, Edward: discovery of South Polar land, [iii. 278]
	Barrow, Sir John: Arctic exploration, [iii. 162], [166], [169]
	Barton, John, a Scotch pirate of the fifteenth century, [i. 279]
	Barton, Sir Andrew, defeated, [i. 257]
	Basco, Michael de, the pirate, [iii. 19]
	Bastia, siege of, [i. 7]
	Bastides, Rodrigo de: his expedition to America, [iii. 303], [304]
	Bathing: Nautilus Safety Bathing Dress, [iv. 262]
	Bathing: warm or tepid baths a medium for learning to swim (See Swimming.)
	Bay of God’s Mercy, [iii. 178]
	Bayeux Tapestry: ships of William the Conqueror, [i. 268]
	Beachey Head, [iv. 231]; French vessel wrecked, [231], [233]
	French vessel wrecked, [231], [233]
	Bears in the Polar region, [iii. 98], [130], [131], [132], [135], [136], [137], [141], [184], [212], [219], [260], [261], [263]; flesh and liver of the bear as food, [138]
	flesh and liver of the bear as food, [138]
	Beaumaris, [ii. 305]
	Beechey, Captain: his visit to Pitcairn’s Island, [i. 249]; Arctic Voyages, [iii. 166], [167]
	Arctic Voyages, [iii. 166], [167]
	Beechy Island, [iii. 98]; relics of Franklin’s last voyage, [iii. 210]
	relics of Franklin’s last voyage, [iii. 210]
	Beeching, James: his prize life-boat, [ii. 213]
	Behring, Vitus: his monument in Petropaulovski, [i. 132], [135]; his Arctic discoveries and death, [iii. 159–162]
	his Arctic discoveries and death, [iii. 159–162]
	Belcher, Sir Edward, Polar Exploration, [iii. 98]
	Belemnites, [iv. 143]
	Bell, Henry: his passenger steamer, “Comet,” [ii. 95]; his first advertisement, ib. [98]
	his first advertisement, ib. [98]
	Bell Rock Lighthouse, [ii. 172], [176]
	Bells on board ship in indicating time, [i. 50]
	Bellerophon: surrender of Napoleon, [i. 212]
	Bellinghausen: discovery of the most southern land, [iii. 279], [280]
	Bellona: action with the “Courageux,” [i. 228]
	Bellot, Lieut., Monument to, [iii. 97]
	Belvedere, Kent: home for disabled and worn-out merchant seamen, [iv. 273]
	Bennett, Dr.: his “Songs for Sailors,” [i. 8]
	“Bergetta” plundered by wreckers, [ii. 243]
	Bering Sea, [i. 135], [137], [169], [170]; Captain Scammon’s soundings, [138]
	Captain Scammon’s soundings, [138]
	Bermuda, [i. 187]: view from Gibbs’ Hill, [188]; convicts, ib.; the North Rock, [189], [191]; potato and onion orchards, [190]; the floating dock, [191]; its voyage out, [191], [194]
	view from Gibbs’ Hill, [188];
	convicts, ib.;
	the North Rock, [189], [191];
	potato and onion orchards, [190];
	the floating dock, [191];
	its voyage out, [191], [194]
	Berrio: Spanish expedition to El Dorado, [ii. 9]
	Biblical allusions to the Sea, [iv. 290]
	Bideford: Avery, the pirate, living at, [iii. 61]
	Bideford Bar: wreck of the Woolpacket, [ii. 224]; hovellers, [251]
	hovellers, [251]
	“Birkenhead,” loss of the, [i. 73–75]; [iv. 283]
	Bishop Rock Lighthouse, [ii. 269]
	Black Beard (John Theach), the pirate, [ii. 63]
	Black Prince, [i. 18]; [ii. 143]
	Bladder-wrack, [iv. 201]
	Blake, Admiral, [ii. 30]
	Blenheim, [i. 8]
	Bligh, Captain: Mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 235]; seized by the mutineers, [237]; cast adrift, [240]
	seized by the mutineers, [237];
	cast adrift, [240]
	Blind crustacean from the Atlantic voyage of the Challenger, [i. 31], [32]
	Blindness: snow blindness, [iii. 182], [239]
	Blood, Rev. William, survivor of the burning of the “Amazon”: his description of it, [ii. 285]
	Blossom: Capt. Beechey’s visit to Pitcairn’s Island, [i. 249]
	Boat, ancient, found at New Stoke, [iv. 230]
	Boat improperly hung on board the “Amazon,” [ii. 279]
	Boat voyages of Behrens in the Arctic Regions, [iii. 138–142]; of Captain Parry, [179]; of Dr. Kane, [251]
	of Captain Parry, [179];
	of Dr. Kane, [251]
	Bobadilla: his arrest and ill-treatment of Columbus, [iii. 296], [297], [304]
	Boers of South Africa, [i. 208]
	Bombay, [i. 118]
	Bonita, a tropical fish, [iv. 176]
	“Bonne Homme Richard”: Paul Jones’s ship, [iii. 75]
	Boobies and Noddies taken by Bligh, mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 243], [244]
	Books found among the relics of Franklin’s expedition, [iii. 231]
	Booth, Mr. Sheriff: Sir John Ross’s Arctic expedition fitted out by him, [iii. 186]; survey of Boothia Felix, [187]
	survey of Boothia Felix, [187]
	Boston (U.S.): the obnoxious tax on tea, [ii. 67], [68]; Boston port bill; the port closed, [70], [71]
	Boston port bill; the port closed, [70], [71]
	Botallack Mine, Cornwall, [iv. 207], [209]
	Botany of Ceylon, [i. 119]; Cornwall, [iv. 213], [216]; Juan Fernandez, [i. 34]; Malta, [i. 99]; St. Helena, [i. 212]; Singapore, [i. 144]; South Australia, [i. 154]; Trinidad, [i. 182]; West Indies, [182], [186], [188]
	Cornwall, [iv. 213], [216];
	Juan Fernandez, [i. 34];
	Malta, [i. 99];
	St. Helena, [i. 212];
	Singapore, [i. 144];
	South Australia, [i. 154];
	Trinidad, [i. 182];
	West Indies, [182], [186], [188]
	Botany, Marine. (See [Challenger, Cruise of the].)
	Botany Bay discovered, [i. 151]; as a convict settlement, [152]
	as a convict settlement, [152]
	Bounty: History of the mutiny, [i. 235–249]; discovery of survivors on Pitcairn Island, [247]
	discovery of survivors on Pitcairn Island, [247]
	Boyle, Frederick: Cape Town, [i. 204], [208]; diamond fields, [210]; ostrich farming, [210]
	diamond fields, [210];
	ostrich farming, [210]
	Boyton, Captain Paul: his floating dress, [iv. 261]
	Brand, Mr., lost in the “Northfleet,” [ii. 263], [264]
	Brande’s analysis of crimson snow, [iii. 164]
	Brasiliano, Roche, the pirate, [iii. 3], [14], [15], [16]; his escape, [15]
	his escape, [15]
	Brassey, Mrs.: Yokohama, [iv. 40]; a Japanese dinner, [42]; the “Sunbeam” in a gale, [61]; a wreck encountered, [62]; a ship on fire: fifteen lives saved by the “Sunbeam,” [iv. 63]; coral fields of the South Pacific, [75]
	a Japanese dinner, [42];
	the “Sunbeam” in a gale, [61];
	a wreck encountered, [62];
	a ship on fire: fifteen lives saved by the “Sunbeam,” [iv. 63];
	coral fields of the South Pacific, [75]
	Bread-fruit in Otaheite: expedition of the Bounty, history of the mutiny, [i. 235]
	Breakwater: The Cherbourg Breakwater and fortifications, its origin and history, [ii. 188]; progress of the works, [189]; view, [192]; Plymouth Breakwater, [190]; Portland Breakwater, [192]; Holyhead, [196]; breakwater at Venice, view, [188]
	progress of the works, [189];
	view, [192];
	Plymouth Breakwater, [190];
	Portland Breakwater, [192];
	Holyhead, [196];
	breakwater at Venice, view, [188]
	Brialmont on ships and forts, [i. 14]
	Bridport, Lord: mutiny at Spithead, [i. 250]
	Brierly, Oswald W., Cruise of the Galatea, [i. 205]
	Brighton, [iv. 229], [232]
	Brighton Aquarium, [iv. 114]
	Brilliant: the boatswain’s mate at Trafalgar, [i. 227]; action with French ships, [228]
	action with French ships, [228]
	Britannia, [i. 5]
	“Britannia” training ship, [i. 47]
	“Britannia”: Dickens’s first trip to America, [iv. 5]
	British Columbia, [i. 163]; Cariboo Mines, ib.; cedar canoes, [i. 167]
	Cariboo Mines, ib.;
	cedar canoes, [i. 167]
	Briton at Pitcairn Island: survivors of the mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 248]
	Brooke, G. V., lost in the “London,” [ii. 294]
	Brooklyn, New York, [i. 195], [198]; Brooklyn Bridge, [196], [198]
	Brooklyn Bridge, [196], [198]
	Browning, Robert: his lines on passing through the Straits of Gibraltar, [i. 87]; his poem, “Hervé Riel,” [iv. 301]
	his poem, “Hervé Riel,” [iv. 301]
	Brunel, J. K.: portrait, [ii. 129]; designs for the “Great Eastern,” [130]; the launch, ib.; view and description of the ship, [130], [133]; Thames Tunnel: use of the diving-bell, [iv. 85]
	designs for the “Great Eastern,” [130];
	the launch, ib.;
	view and description of the ship, [130], [133];
	Thames Tunnel: use of the diving-bell, [iv. 85]
	Bubble Companies: the South Sea Bubble, [ii. 43]
	Bucaniers, The, [iii. 1–59]; origin of the term, [2]
	origin of the term, [2]
	Bucentaure, [i. 10], [11]
	Buchan, Captain: Arctic voyage, [iii. 166], [167]
	Buchanan, Captain, of the “Merrimac,” [i. 20]
	“Buenos Ayrean,” steel steam-ship, [iv. 3]
	Bulkley, Colonel, at Plover Bay, [i. 138], [143]
	Bullata from the Atlantic, [i. 32]
	Burgoyne, Captain, lost in the Captain, [i. 55]
	Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell: his heroism in saving life, [iv. 267]
	Byron, Lord: his references to the Sea, [i. 2;] [iv. 296]; his swim across the Hellespont, [iv. 257]; lines on the Straits of Gibraltar, [97]; the bread-fruit; mutiny of the Bounty, [238]
	his swim across the Hellespont, [iv. 257];
	lines on the Straits of Gibraltar, [97];
	the bread-fruit; mutiny of the Bounty, [238]
	Byron, Hon. John: wreck of the Wager, [ii. 51–55]
	“Bywell Castle”: collision with the “Princess Alice,” [iv. 284]

	Cabot, John, attempts to discover the North-west Passage, [iii. 119], [122]
	Cabot, Sebastian: his discoveries, [i. 278]; [iii. 119], [121]; rewarded by Edward VI., [121]
	rewarded by Edward VI., [121]
	“Cacafuego,” treasure ship, taken by Drake, [i. 311]
	Cadiz, siege of, [ii. 18]; execution of De Soto, the pirate, [iii. 83]; view of the town, [81]
	execution of De Soto, the pirate, [iii. 83];
	view of the town, [81]
	Cairns in the Polar Regions, [iii. 97]
	“Calais-Douvres,” [iv. 6]
	Calcutta, [i. 118]; the Black Hole, ib.; cyclones, [119], [120]
	the Black Hole, ib.;
	cyclones, [119], [120]
	Calicut: arrival of Vasco da Gama, [iii. 299]; the city bombarded, ib.; view of Calicut in the sixteenth century, [300]
	the city bombarded, ib.;
	view of Calicut in the sixteenth century, [300]
	California: discovery of gold, [i. 158]; Chinamen in, [161]; earthquakes, ib.; named “New Albion” by Drake, [313]; “roughing it,” camping out, cooking, [166]; forest fires, ib.; cedar canoes, [167]; Sacramento; Oakland, [iv. 28]; San Francisco, [29]
	Chinamen in, [161];
	earthquakes, ib.;
	named “New Albion” by Drake, [313];
	“roughing it,” camping out, cooking, [166];
	forest fires, ib.;
	cedar canoes, [167];
	Sacramento; Oakland, [iv. 28];
	San Francisco, [29]
	Callao, [i. 172]; Drake at, [310]
	Drake at, [310]
	Calthorpe, Hon. S. J. G.: his “Letters” on the Crimean War, [i. 15]
	Calvi, the Victory at, [i. 7]
	Calypso’s Isle, [i. 98]
	“Cambria,” its assistance in the burning of the “Kent,” [i. 69–74]
	Cameron, John: “Our Possessions in Malayan India,” [i. 144], [146], [147]
	Campbell, Lord George: cruise of the Challenger, [i. 28], [33], [34], [35], [39]
	Canadian Voyageurs in Franklin’s expedition, [iii. 190], [191], [194]
	Cannibalism, [i. 80]; [iii. 121]; [iv. 47], [52]
	Canoes, river and sea: Vancouver Island and British Columbia, [i. 167]
	Canton, [i. 119], [121], [124]
	Canute’s ships, [i. 266]
	Cape Alexander, Greenland, [iii. 249]
	Cape Bounty discovered by Sir E. Parry, [iii. 170]
	Cape Cod, Discovery of, [ii. 11]; view of, [ii. 64]
	view of, [ii. 64]
	Cape Chelyuskin, [iii. 274]
	Cape Constitution, [iii. 239]
	Cape Desolation, [iii. 88]
	Cape Farewell, [iii. 93]
	Cape Flattery, Vancouver Island, [i. 163]
	Cape of Good Hope: its discovery; Cape Town, Table Mountain, [i. 203], [205]; [iii. 282]; Port Elizabeth, [i. 204]; Simon’s Bay, [205]; visit of the Duke of Edinburgh, [205–209]; Farmer Peck’s Inn, [206]; diamond fields: ostrich farming, [210]; mutiny suppressed, [256]; first named the Cape of Storms, [iii. 282]; Waves, [iv. 89]
	Port Elizabeth, [i. 204];
	Simon’s Bay, [205];
	visit of the Duke of Edinburgh, [205–209];
	Farmer Peck’s Inn, [206];
	diamond fields: ostrich farming, [210];
	mutiny suppressed, [256];
	first named the Cape of Storms, [iii. 282];
	Waves, [iv. 89]
	Cape Horn, [i. 175], [176]; Sir F. Drake, [309]; Anson, [ii. 48], [49]; the pirate Sharp, [iii. 56]; view, [iii. 277]
	Sir F. Drake, [309];
	Anson, [ii. 48], [49];
	the pirate Sharp, [iii. 56];
	view, [iii. 277]
	Cape Joseph Henry, sledging at, [iii. 112]
	Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope, [i. 203], [205]
	Cape York: icebergs, [iii. 100]; view of Melville Bay, [iii. 228]
	view of Melville Bay, [iii. 228]
	Captain (Nelson’s ship), [i. 8]
	Captain, Loss of the, [i. 54–59]; cause of the disaster, [i. 58]; [ii. 143]; [iv. 283]
	cause of the disaster, [i. 58]; [ii. 143]; [iv. 283]
	Caraccioli, the priest-pirate, [iii. 64], [65], [67]
	Caribbee Islands discovered by Columbus, [iii. 294]; attacked by Ojeda, [302]
	attacked by Ojeda, [302]
	Cariboo Gold Mines, British Columbia, [i. 163]
	Carlisle, A. D., B.A.: “Round the World in 1870,” [iv. 29], [31]
	Carlsen, Captain: relics of Barents’s expedition discovered by him at Nova Zembla, [iii. 142]
	“Caroline:” its assistance in the burning of the “Kent,” [i. 72]
	Carrageen: or Irish moss, [iv. 202]
	Carthage, Ships of, [i. 259]
	Cat, The, as a punishment, [i. 51], [52]
	Catacombs at Citta Vecchia, Malta, [i. 101], [103]
	Catoptric lights for lighthouses, [ii. 186]
	Cavalli (fish) of Juan Fernandez, [i. 34]
	Cavendish, Thomas: his circumnavigation of the globe, [ii. 11]
	Caverns of the sea-shore, [iv. 195], [200]
	Cedar canoes of Vancouver Island, [i. 167]
	Centaur at the Diamond Rock, Martinique, [i. 161], [187]
	Centipedes, cockroaches, and spiders in ships, [i. 221]
	Centurion: Anson’s voyage round the world, [ii. 45–62]
	Cephalopoda, [iv. 139], [142]
	Cerberus, monitor, at Sydney, [iv. 54]
	Cerimbra Roads, Monson’s action at, [ii. 21]
	Ceuta, Spanish fortress of, [i. 97]
	Ceylon, [i. 119], [144]; pearl fishery, [iv. 67]
	pearl fishery, [iv. 67]
	Challenger, Cruise of the, [i. 28]; deep sea soundings, ib.; work of the expedition, and how it was done, [29]; Captain Sir George S. Nares, ib.; Prof. Wyville Thomson, ib.; sponges, zoophytes, star-fish, crustacea, cuttle-fish; island of Juan Fernandez, [33], [36]; the ship in Antarctic ice, ib.; Kerguelen’s Land; Heard Island; sea elephants, [34]; icebergs, [35]; naturalist’s room in the ship, [37]; dredging instruments, [38]; Inaccessible Island: rescue of two voluntary Crusoes, [39]
	deep sea soundings, ib.;
	work of the expedition, and how it was done, [29];
	Captain Sir George S. Nares, ib.;
	Prof. Wyville Thomson, ib.;
	sponges, zoophytes, star-fish, crustacea, cuttle-fish; island of Juan Fernandez, [33], [36];
	the ship in Antarctic ice, ib.;
	Kerguelen’s Land; Heard Island; sea elephants, [34];
	icebergs, [35];
	naturalist’s room in the ship, [37];
	dredging instruments, [38];
	Inaccessible Island: rescue of two voluntary Crusoes, [39]
	Chancelor, Richard: his journey to Moscow, [iii. 122], [123]
	Chaplains on board ship, [i. 222]; trials of Joseph Primrose, [223]
	trials of Joseph Primrose, [223]
	Chard, Joseph: his exertions in saving life from shipwrecks, [iv. 248]
	Charles I. and ship-money, [ii. 28]; his navy, [29], [30]
	his navy, [29], [30]
	Chaucer’s description of the British sailor, [i. 272]
	Cherbourg Breakwater, history and progress, [ii. 188]; view, [192]
	view, [192]
	Chesil Bank, [ii. 193], [195]
	Chicago, [iv. 15]; view in Madison Street, [17]
	view in Madison Street, [17]
	Chichester training ship, [i. 45], [47]
	Chili, [i. 172]
	“Chimborazo” in a gale, [iv. 13]
	China: Hong Kong, [iv. 43]; Shanghai, [44]
	Shanghai, [44]
	China: John Chinaman in San Francisco, [i. 161]; [iv. 31]
	“China” in a cyclone in the Pacific, [iv. 39]; destroyed by fire, [ib.]
	destroyed by fire, [ib.]
	China Naval Station, [i. 119], [137]
	“China,” steam ship, [iv. 31]
	Chinese junks at Singapore, [i. 147], [148]
	Chinese obstructions to foreign travel, [iv. 5]
	Chinese paintings, [i. 126], [147]
	Chinese phrases: “Pigeon English,” [i. 126]; customs and costume, [127]
	customs and costume, [127]
	Chinese waiters on board ship, [iv. 38]
	Chinese Merchants’ Steam-ship Company, [iv. 31]
	“Chinook jargon,” “Pigeon English,” [i. 167]
	Christian IV. of Denmark: his encouragement of Arctic exploration, [iii. 150]; his ill-treatment of Munk, [151]
	his ill-treatment of Munk, [151]
	Christian, Fletcher: the mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 239–247]; shot by an Otaheitan, [249]
	shot by an Otaheitan, [249]
	Christian, Thursday October, son of Fletcher Christian, discovered on Pitcairn Island, [i. 247]
	Christmas in the Arctic regions, [iii. 103], [222], [224], [263]
	“Cinco Chagas” (the Five Wounds) burnt by the Earl of Cumberland, [i. 294]
	Cinque Ports, [i. 267]
	“City of Berlin,” Atlantic steamer, [iv. 3]
	“City of Brussels,” Atlantic steamer, [iv. 3]
	“City of Richmond,” Atlantic steamer, [iv. 3]
	Cleodora, a univalve shell, [iv. 145]
	“Clermont,” steam vessel, built by Fulton and Livingston, [ii. 93]
	Clocks: The “Mother Clock” at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, [iv. 282]
	Clyde and its ship-building yards, The, [ii. 97]
	Coal: early trade in “sea-coal,” [i. 271]
	Coal in the Arctic regions, [iii. 107]; in Vancouver Island, [i. 168]
	in Vancouver Island, [i. 168]
	Coast-guardsmen and their cottages, [iv. 232], [234]
	Cobb, Captain: burning of the “Kent,” [i. 69–74]
	Cobden, Richard: his support of M. de Lesseps and the Suez Canal, [i. 107]
	Cochrane, Admiral: his description of Lieutenant Larmour and the naval service, [i. 216]
	Cockles, [iv. 204], [205]
	Cockroaches in ships, [i. 221]
	Cocoa-nut oil manufactories at Sierra Leone, [i. 203]
	Cocos, or Keeling Coral Island: Darwin’s description, [iv. 75], [76]
	Cod: the Newfoundland and English fisheries, [iv. 175], [176]
	Cod-liver oil a protection to swimmers, [iv. 264]
	Cœlenterata: Hydrozoa and Actinozoa, [iv. 115]
	Coffin-ships, [i. 3]; [ii. 112]
	Cold in the Arctic regions, [iii. 171], [225], [236], [237], [276]. (See [Temperature].)
	(See [Temperature].)
	Colden, C. D.: his “Life of Fulton,” [ii. 94], [150]
	Coles, Captain Cowper Phipps: his invention of revolving turrets, [i. 54]; loss of the Captain, ib.
	loss of the Captain, ib.
	Collins, Wilkie: the pilchard fishery, [iv. 173]; Botallack Mine, [207], [209]; Looe, [212]; Cornish hospitality, [216]; pedestrianism, [218]
	Botallack Mine, [207], [209];
	Looe, [212];
	Cornish hospitality, [216];
	pedestrianism, [218]
	Collins line of steam-ships, [ii. 106–108]
	Collinson, Captain: Search of Franklin in the Enterprise, [iii. 211], [214]
	Collodon, Dr., on the diving-bell, [iv. 83]
	Colorado: newspapers at George Town and Central City, [iv. 27]
	Colour of the sea, [i. 35], [87]; iv. 96
	Colpoys, Admiral: mutiny at Spithead, [i. 251]
	Columbus, Bartholomew, brother of Christopher Columbus: [iii. 285], [295]; his visit to England, [285]; imprisoned, [296]
	his visit to England, [285];
	imprisoned, [296]
	Columbus, Christopher: his landing at Trinidad, [i. 177]; history of his life and discoveries, by his son, [iii. 283]; his personal character and appearance, ib.; voyage to Iceland, ib.; first application to Ferdinand and Isabella, [285;] portrait, ib.; first voyage, [286]; land discovered, [288], [289;] his caravels, [288]; at Cuba and Hispaniola, gold and tobacco, [290], [291]; is shipwrecked, [291]; return to Spain, royal reception, [289], [293]; second voyage, [294]; disaffection and mutiny in Hispaniola, ib.; return and third voyage, [295]; general mutiny, ib.; his arrest and subsequent ill-treatment, [296], [297]; fourth voyage, ib.; his death, [297]; burial and final interment at Havana, [298]; his voyage to Greenland and Iceland, [118]
	history of his life and discoveries, by his son, [iii. 283];
	his personal character and appearance, ib.;
	voyage to Iceland, ib.;
	first application to Ferdinand and Isabella, [285;]
	portrait, ib.;
	first voyage, [286];
	land discovered, [288], [289;]
	his caravels, [288];
	at Cuba and Hispaniola, gold and tobacco, [290], [291];
	is shipwrecked, [291];
	return to Spain, royal reception, [289], [293];
	second voyage, [294];
	disaffection and mutiny in Hispaniola, ib.;
	return and third voyage, [295];
	general mutiny, ib.;
	his arrest and subsequent ill-treatment, [296], [297];
	fourth voyage, ib.;
	his death, [297];
	burial and final interment at Havana, [298];
	his voyage to Greenland and Iceland, [118]
	Columbus, Diego, brother of Christopher Columbus: imprisoned by Bobadillo, [iii. 296]; made Governor of San Domingo, [308]
	made Governor of San Domingo, [308]
	Columbus, Ferdinand, son of Christopher Columbus: his history of his father and his discoveries, [iii. 283]
	Concerts on board ship, [iv. 35]
	“Congress” burnt in action with the “Merrimac,” [i. 20], [22], [23]
	Conrad, Chevalier: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps, [i. 111]
	Conus, a univalve shell, [iv. 141]
	Coode: construction of Portland Breakwater, [ii. 194]
	Cook, Captain James: his discovery of Botany Bay, [i. 151]; his Arctic voyage, [iii. 155], [158]; voyage of the Resolution and Adventure, [277]; discoveries, [278]; his career, [318]; his tragical death, ib.
	his Arctic voyage, [iii. 155], [158];
	voyage of the Resolution and Adventure, [277];
	discoveries, [278];
	his career, [318];
	his tragical death, ib.
	Cook, captain of the “Cambria:” his assistance at the burning of the “Kent,” [i. 74]
	Cook, Eliza, her verses on the Sea, [iv. 299]
	“Comet,” Bell’s passenger steamer, [ii. 95], [96]
	Comet, naval steam-tug, [ii. 98]
	Compass on iron ships, [ii. 102]
	Comrie, Dr. Peter, R.N.: on the discipline in training-ships, [i. 46]
	Copenhagen, Nelson at, [ii. 65], [75]
	Coracles, or basket-boats, [i. 258]
	Coral-islands and coral-fishing, [iv. 72], [73]
	Coral-reefs in the Red Sea, [i. 117]
	Corals of Singapore, [i. 150]
	Coralline, [iv. 201]
	Cordouan, Tower of, lighthouse, [ii. 157]
	Cordova, Spanish admiral: battle of St. Vincent, [i. 7], [10]
	Cork Harbour, [ii. 308]
	Cornelison: his voyage of discovery, [iii. 129], [133], [142]
	Cornwall: view on the coast of, [i. 297]; sketches of the coast, [iv. 207–225]; population, [215]; mines and fisheries, [215], [216]; religion, [223]
	sketches of the coast, [iv. 207–225];
	population, [215];
	mines and fisheries, [215], [216];
	religion, [223]
	Corsairs, Gibraltar attacked by, [i. 92]
	Cost of ironclad ships of war, [i. 14], [231]; [ii. 146]
	Costa Rica: towns and villages pillaged by pirates, [iii. 30]
	Coudin, midshipman of the “Medusa,” [i. 78], [80]
	Coupang Bay, Lieutenant Bligh at; mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 244]
	“Coupland” wrecked at Scarborough, [iv. 254]
	“Courageux” taken by the Bellona, [i. 229]
	Cowries, [iv. 140], [141]
	Crabs, [iv. 129], [151], [154]
	Crayfish, [iv. 158]
	Cricket-match on board ship, [iv. 33]
	Crimean War, its lessons, [i. 15], [19]
	Crimson snow, [iii. 164]
	Croatoan Island, Virginia, [ii. 2]
	Croker Mountains, an imaginary discovery by Sir John Ross, [iii. 166], [170]
	Cromwell’s Navy, [i. 232]
	Cromwell’s Navigation Act, [ii. 30]
	Crossing the Line: old ceremonies, [i. 229]
	Crozier, Captain: Arctic exploration, [iii. 179], [230]
	Crusaders: their ships, [i. 267], [269]
	Crusoe, Robinson: Alexander Selkirk; Defoe and the island of Juan Fernandez, [i. 33], [36]
	Crusoe’s Island (Tobago), [i. 179]; [ii. 50]
	Crustaceans, [iv. 150]
	Crystal Palace Aquarium, [iv. 114]
	Cuba, [i. 183]; Havana, [184]; the pirate Morgan, [iii. 30], [31]; discovered by Columbus, [290]
	Havana, [184];
	the pirate Morgan, [iii. 30], [31];
	discovered by Columbus, [290]
	Culloden, [i. 8]
	Cumberland, Earl of, as a pirate, [i. 291], [295], [ii. 16]; rich prizes, [292]; action with the “Madre de Dios,” [293]; Scourge of Malice, [i. 295]; voyage with Sir William Morison, [ii. 17], [18]
	rich prizes, [292];
	action with the “Madre de Dios,” [293];
	Scourge of Malice, [i. 295];
	voyage with Sir William Morison, [ii. 17], [18]
	“Cumberland” sunk in action with the “Merrimac,” [i. 20], [21], [22]
	Cunard steamers: the first, [ii. 105], [106]; “Scotia,” “Bothnia,” [109]; success of the Cunard Company, [110]
	“Scotia,” “Bothnia,” [109];
	success of the Cunard Company, [110]
	Cushing, Lieutenant: his attack on the “Albemarle,” [ii. 149]
	Cust, Hon. Sir Edward, D.C.L.: his “Annals of the Wars of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries,” [i. 11], [16]
	Cuttle-fish, Gigantic, [i. 31]; [iv. 147]

	Dædalus: Captain McQuhæ’s account of the sea-serpent, [iv. 186]
	Da Gama, Vasco: the Cape of Good Hope doubled by him, [i. 203]; discovery of Natal, [i. 211]
	discovery of Natal, [i. 211]
	Dahlgren guns on the first “Monitor,” [i. 23]
	Dampier: on the bread-fruit, [i. 238]; his re-discovery of Australia, [i. 151]
	his re-discovery of Australia, [i. 151]
	Dana’s “Seaman’s Manual,” [i. 51]; “Two Years Before the Mast,” [i. 48], [158]
	“Two Years Before the Mast,” [i. 48], [158]
	Dancing on board ship, [iv. 34]
	Danes, Dr. Kane’s meeting with, [iii. 253]
	Danish ships, [i. 263], [265]
	Danites at Utah and Salt Lake City, [iv. 25]
	Darien, the Indians of: Lolonois, the pirate, killed by them, [iii. 28]
	Darling, Grace: wreck of the “Forfarshire,” [iv. 64]
	Darling, Maggie and Jessie: their rescue of sailors in the St. Lawrence River, [iv. 64]
	Dartmouth, [iv. 224]
	Dartmouth in Boston Harbour, [ii. 65–69]; tea thrown overboard, [69], [72]
	tea thrown overboard, [69], [72]
	Darwin: on coral reefs, [iv. 74], [76]; on Infusoria, [113]
	on Infusoria, [113]
	D’Avila, Alvares: his defence of Gibraltar, [i. 92]
	Dawkins, Captain, of the Vanguard: loss of the ship, [i. 63], [65]
	De Veer, Gerrit: map of Nova Zembla, [iii. 131]
	Davis, John, the pirate, [iii. 16]
	Davis, John: his Arctic explorations, [iii. 127], [128]
	Davy, Sir Humphry: fecundity of the salmon, [iv. 164]
	Davy Jones’s Locker and its Treasures: pearls, corals, sponges, diving, [iv. 66–90]
	“Dead-heads” on American railways, [iv. 26]
	Deal: view on the coast; life-boats, [ii. 229], [232]
	Deal, [iv. 242]; life-boat, [ib.]
	life-boat, [ib.]
	Deal hovellers, [ii. 247], [248]
	Decisive voyages in history: Diaz, Columbus, Vasco da Gama, companions and followers of Columbus; Captain Cook, [iii. 281]
	Deep-sea soundings: cruise of the Challenger, [i. 28], [30]; the accumulator and other apparatus, [29], [30], [35]
	the accumulator and other apparatus, [29], [30], [35]
	“Defensor de Pedro,” the ship of De Soto, the pirate, [iii. 79]
	Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe:” the island of Juan Fernandez, [i. 33]
	De Gusman: Gibraltar besieged by him, [i. 91], [92]
	Delorme, Dupuy: “Napoleon” constructed by, [i. 226]
	Deptford: old Deptford dockyard, [i. 280]; [ii. 37]; Peter the Great, [38]; Saye’s Court, [39]
	Peter the Great, [38];
	Saye’s Court, [39]
	De Quiros, Pedro Fernandez: discovery of the New Hebrides, [i. 151]; his discoveries in the southern hemisphere, [iii. 277]
	his discoveries in the southern hemisphere, [iii. 277]
	De Ruyter, Admiral, on the Medway, [ii. 31]
	Desertion: from the navy; mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 235], [239]; mutiny of the Nore, [254]; the Wager, [ii. 53]
	mutiny of the Nore, [254];
	the Wager, [ii. 53]
	Desolation Island, [iii. 279]
	De Soto Benito, the pirate: his cruelty, [iii. 78–84]; executed, [83]
	executed, [83]
	“Deutschland,” Wreck of the, [ii. 114], [273]
	De Veer: narrative of Barents’s voyage of discovery, [iii. 134], [138]
	Devil-fish, [iv. 146]
	Devil’s Frying-pan, Cornwall, [iv. 225]
	Devonshire coast scenery, [iv. 199]
	Devonshire boys on training-ships, [i. 46]
	Diamond fields of South Africa, [i. 210]
	Diamond Rock, Martinique: the Centaur, [i. 161], [187]
	Diaz, Bartholomew de: his discovery of the Cape of Good Hope, [i. 203]; [iii. 282], [284]; sea passage from Portugal to India, [iii. 281]
	sea passage from Portugal to India, [iii. 281]
	Dibdin, Charles, and his two sons; their sea-songs, [iv. 298]
	Dickens, Charles: his first trip to America, [iv. 3–12]
	Dip of the magnetic needle, [iii. 187]
	Discipline, Value of; the Vanguard, [i. 65]; “Kent,” East Indiaman, [64], [68], [69], [71], [74]; wreck of the Alceste, [i. 82], [83]; loss of the “Birkenhead,” [i. 74], [75]; want of discipline in the wreck of the “Medusa,” [i. 75–82]
	“Kent,” East Indiaman, [64], [68], [69], [71], [74];
	wreck of the Alceste, [i. 82], [83];
	loss of the “Birkenhead,” [i. 74], [75];
	want of discipline in the wreck of the “Medusa,” [i. 75–82]
	Disco, Alert and Discovery at, [iii. 92], [93]; “Pandora” at, [iii. 95]; entrance to music-hall, [96]
	“Pandora” at, [iii. 95];
	entrance to music-hall, [96]
	Discovery, Henry Hudson’s ship, [iii. 146]
	Discovery, Captain Cook’s ship, [iii. 155], [318]
	Discovery: departure from Portsmouth with the Alert, [iii. 84]; narrative of the expedition, [99–114]
	narrative of the expedition, [99–114]
	Divers at work, [iv. 85]
	Divers attacked by a sword-fish, [iv. 84]
	Diving for pearls, [iv. 69]
	Diving for wreckage: the diving-bell, [iv. 79]
	Diving dress, [iv. 86]. (See Swimming.)
	(See Swimming.)
	Dobb’s Galley: its expedition to the Arctic regions, [iii. 154]
	Dogs in M‘Clintock’s Arctic expedition, [iii. 219], [225]
	Dogs, Edible, [iii. 220]
	Dogs, Wild, at Tortuga, [iii. 7]
	Dog-fish, [iv. 162], [164], [262]
	Dominica, [i. 187]
	Dorothea in the ice, [iii. 165], [166], [167]
	Doughtie, Master, executed by Drake for mutiny, [i. 307]
	Douglas Pines of British Columbia used for canoes, [i. 167]
	Dover, [iv. 239], [240]
	Drake, Sir Francis: the Spanish Armada, [i. 284], [286], [288]; his first view of the Pacific, [289], [302]; his ships, Judith, Pascha, Swan; his attack on Nombre de Dios, [302]; at the Isthmus of Panama, [303]; passes the Straits of Magellan, [305]; his circumnavigation of the globe, ib.; natives of Seal Bay, [306]; execution of a mutineer, [307]; his ship, the Golden Hinde, [308]; portrait, [309]; treasure ship, “Cacafuego” taken by him, [311]; arrival at Ternate, [312]; at San Francisco, ib.; at Celebes, [313]; death, funeral, and character, [314]
	his first view of the Pacific, [289], [302];
	his ships, Judith, Pascha, Swan; his attack on Nombre de Dios, [302];
	at the Isthmus of Panama, [303];
	passes the Straits of Magellan, [305];
	his circumnavigation of the globe, ib.;
	natives of Seal Bay, [306];
	execution of a mutineer, [307];
	his ship, the Golden Hinde, [308];
	portrait, [309];
	treasure ship, “Cacafuego” taken by him, [311];
	arrival at Ternate, [312];
	at San Francisco, ib.;
	at Celebes, [313];
	death, funeral, and character, [314]
	Drake taken by Paul Jones, [iii. 75]
	Draper, Rev. Mr., lost in the “London,” [ii. 294]
	Dreadnought, [i. 5]
	Dreadnought, hospital ship, [ii. 120]; [iv. 285]
	Dredges at work on the Suez Canal, [i. 112], [113]
	Dredging in the deep sea, [i. 30], [31]
	Dredging instruments on board the Challenger, [i. 38]
	Drinkwater’s “Siege of Gibraltar,” [i. 16], [91], [97]
	Drowning. (See Swimming.)
	Duel of English and French ships, [i. 271]
	Duncan, Admiral, addressing his crew on the Venerable, mutiny of the Nore, [i. 253]
	Dundas, Lord: Symington’s steam vessel, “Charlotte Dundas,” [ii. 84]
	Dundonald, Earl of: his “Autobiography of a Seaman,” [i. 216]
	Dunmore, Lord: life saved by him from shipwreck, [iv. 243]
	D’Urville, Admiral: discovery of South Polar Land, [iii. 279]
	D’Urville, Dumont: Trepang fishery at Raffles’ Bay, [iv. 127]
	Dust falling at Shanghai, [i. 125]
	Dutch East India Company, [ii. 13]
	Dutch fisheries, [ii. 23]
	Dutch naval war, [ii. 30]; Martin Tromp, ib.; Admiral Van Tromp, [31]
	Martin Tromp, ib.;
	Admiral Van Tromp, [31]
	Dutch shipping and English compared by Raleigh, [ii. 10]
	Dutch voyages of discovery, [iii. 129]
	Dyke Sand: the Goodwins, [ii. 255]
	Dynamite, its explosive power, [ii. 152]

	“Earl of Balcarras,” East Indiaman, [ii. 15]
	Earthquakes: at Shanghai, [i. 123]; California, [162]; West Indies, [186]
	California, [162];
	West Indies, [186]
	Eastbourne, [iv. 235]
	East India Company; its history, [ii. 11]
	East India Station, [i. 119]
	Echinoderms, [iv. 126]
	Edinburgh, His Royal Highness the Duke of: the Galatea at the Cape, [i. 205], [209]
	Edward III.: his fleet, [i. 271], [272]
	Edwards, Captain Edward: expedition of the Pandora to find the mutineers of the Bounty, [i. 244–246]
	Eddystone Lighthouse, [ii. 156]; its history, [159]; Winstanley’s lighthouse, ib.; Rudyerd’s, [161–163]; Smeaton’s, [164–171]; views of former and present lighthouses, [160], [161], [168]; interior of the light chamber, [171]; portrait of Smeaton, [170]
	its history, [159];
	Winstanley’s lighthouse, ib.;
	Rudyerd’s, [161–163];
	Smeaton’s, [164–171];
	views of former and present lighthouses, [160], [161], [168];
	interior of the light chamber, [171];
	portrait of Smeaton, [170]
	“Effort” on the Goodwin Sands, [ii. 247]
	Egerton, Sub-lieutenant, in Arctic exploration, [iii. 105], [106]
	Egyptian galleys, [i. 259]
	Eider ducks and their eggs, [iii. 167], [251], [252]
	El Dorado, The search for, [ii. 4]
	Electrical phenomenon at Cape Horn, [i. 176]
	Electricity employed to remove the Royal George, [i. 62]
	Ekenhead, Lieutenant: his swim with Byron across the Hellespont, [iv. 257]
	Electric light for lighthouses, [ii. 187]
	Elephant-hunting in South Africa, [i. 208]
	Elizabeth, Queen: her navy, [i. 232], [282]; the Spanish Armada, [283–291]; Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, [314]; her patronage of Gilbert and Raleigh; present to Gilbert, [316]; encouragement of Frobisher, [iii. 123], [124]
	the Spanish Armada, [283–291];
	Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, [314];
	her patronage of Gilbert and Raleigh; present to Gilbert, [316];
	encouragement of Frobisher, [iii. 123], [124]
	Elliott, General: his defence of Gibraltar, [i. 16–18]
	El Puerto del Santa Maria, Cuba: taken by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 30]
	“Ely”: rescue of the “Woolpacket,” Bideford Bay, [ii. 251], [252]
	Emigration of Chinese to California, [i. 162]
	Emigration: to Australia, [i. 154]; Cape of Good Hope, [210]; America, [ii. 62], [69]; Melbourne, [iv. 54], [55]
	Cape of Good Hope, [210];
	America, [ii. 62], [69];
	Melbourne, [iv. 54], [55]
	Engineers on board ship, [i. 224–226]; engine room of the Warrior, [225]; rank and pay of engineers, ib.
	engine room of the Warrior, [225];
	rank and pay of engineers, ib.
	English sailors, [i. 226]
	Enisco, M. F. de: his generosity to Nicuesa, [iii. 309]; his expeditions, capture of gold, [iii. 314]
	his expeditions, capture of gold, [iii. 314]
	Enterprise: search for Franklin, [iii. 211], [214]
	Erebus, Franklin’s ship in his last voyage, [iii. 207]
	Erebus and Terror among the icebergs, [iii. 193]; discovery of relics, [227]
	discovery of relics, [227]
	Ericsson, Captain John: his battery in the first “Monitor,” [i. 23]; portrait, [ii. 97]; introduction of the screw-propeller, [102]
	portrait, [ii. 97];
	introduction of the screw-propeller, [102]
	Espinosa, Spanish admiral: his letter to the pirate Morgan, [iii. 39]
	Esquemeling, Joseph, a bucanier: his account of them, [iii. 3], [6]
	Esquimalt, Vancouver Island, [i. 163], [165]
	Esquimaux, The, [iii. 117]; described by Frobisher, [123]; portraits, [172]; snow village, [173], [174]; Franklin’s fight with Esquimaux, [195]; kaiyacks and boat, [196]; Dr. Kane at Etah, [238], [251]; relics of Franklin, [225]; plot against Dr. [pg 310]Hayes in Dr. Kane’s expedition, [241]; a laudanum stew, [243]; snow-houses, [244]; portrait of Kalutunah, [245]; sledges and team of dogs, [163], [225]
	described by Frobisher, [123];
	portraits, [172];
	snow village, [173], [174];
	Franklin’s fight with Esquimaux, [195];
	kaiyacks and boat, [196];
	Dr. Kane at Etah, [238], [251];
	relics of Franklin, [225];
	plot against Dr. [pg 310]Hayes in Dr. Kane’s expedition, [241];
	a laudanum stew, [243];
	snow-houses, [244];
	portrait of Kalutunah, [245];
	sledges and team of dogs, [163], [225]
	Esquiros, Alphonse: on “English Seamen and Divers,” [i. 42]; on street arabs, [47]; on Lloyd’s, [ii. 125–128]; on the diving-bell, [iv. 81], [83]
	on street arabs, [47];
	on Lloyd’s, [ii. 125–128];
	on the diving-bell, [iv. 81], [83]
	Etah, Esquimaux at, [iii. 251]
	Eugénie, Empress of the French, at the inauguration of the Suez Canal, [i. 115]
	Euplectella (Venus’s flower-basket,), [i. 30], [32]
	Eurydice training-ship: lost off the Isle of Wight, [iv. 227], [228]

	Falconer, James; his poem “The Shipwreck,” [iv. 297]; his Marine Dictionary, [ib.]
	his Marine Dictionary, [ib.]
	Falkland Islands, [i. 176]
	Falmouth: its history, [iv. 222]; lighthouse, [ib.]; harbour, [i. 72]
	lighthouse, [ib.];
	harbour, [i. 72]
	Farmer Peck’s Inn, Simon’s Bay, [i. 206]
	Fat: its influence on longevity, [iv. 168]
	Faulkner, Captain R., in the Bellona takes the “Courageux,” [i. 228]
	Fearney, William, Nelson’s bargeman at the battle of St. Vincent, [i. 8]
	Fearon, Colonel: burning of the “Kent,” [i. 69]
	Female pirates: Mary Read and Anne Bonney, [iii. 67], [68]
	Ferdinand and Isabella: surrender of Gibraltar to, [i. 92]; their negotiations with and support of Columbus, [ii. 286]; reception of him after his first voyage, [289], [293]; his second and third voyages, [295]; his arrest and subsequent treatment, [296], [297]; their conduct to Ojèda and Nicuesa, [307]
	their negotiations with and support of Columbus, [ii. 286];
	reception of him after his first voyage, [289], [293];
	his second and third voyages, [295];
	his arrest and subsequent treatment, [296], [297];
	their conduct to Ojèda and Nicuesa, [307]
	Fernandez, Juan: his supposed Antarctic voyage, [iii. 276]
	Ferry-boats at New York, [i. 196], [197]
	Field, Cyrus W.: his promotion of submarine telegraphy, [iv. 98–100]
	Figuier: on sea-monsters, [i. 31]; foraminifera, [iv. 112]; mussels, [130]; oysters, [131]; pteropoda, [142]
	foraminifera, [iv. 112];
	mussels, [130];
	oysters, [131];
	pteropoda, [142]
	Fiji Islands, [iv. 47]
	Filey, [iv. 252]
	Fins of fish as organs of locomotion, [iv. 159]
	Fire: The Ship on Fire; burning of the “Amazon,” [ii. 256], [278–290]
	Fires in Californian forests, [i. 166]
	Fire-ships attacking the Spanish Armada, [i. 288]
	Fish-life: voices of fish; Do fish sleep? [iv. 178]
	Fish, Anatomy of, [iv. 159]
	Fish-bladder, [iv. 159]
	Fish: salmon in British Columbia, [i. 164], [168], [170], [171]; cod in Behring Sea, [170]
	cod in Behring Sea, [170]
	Fish: Dutch fisheries, [ii. 23]
	Fisheries of Cornwall, [iv. 215], [216]
	Fish at Juan Fernandez, [i. 34]
	Fiskernæs, South Greenland, [iii. 164]
	Fitch’s improvements in steam vessels, [ii. 85], [89]
	Fitzjames, Captain, of the Erebus, [iii. 230]
	Flags of the World, Naval, [ii. 1]
	Flamborough Head, [iv. 251]
	Floating ice, [iii. 125], [130]
	Floating light-ships, [iv. 244]
	Flogging in the Navy, [i. 51–53]
	Flying-fish, [i. 80]; [iv. 162], [164]
	Fogs: loss of the Vanguard, [i. 63–67]
	Fog in the Polar regions, [iii. 111], [166], [182], [183], [259]
	Fog-horns, or Siren signals, [iv. 280]
	Foraminifera, [iv. 111]
	Forecastle pest-houses, [ii. 121]
	Forest, Submerged, [iv. 199]
	“Forfarshire,” Wreck of the, [iv. 64]
	Fortifications of Cherbourg, [ii. 189]; of Portland, [195]
	of Portland, [195]
	Fort Enterprise, Franklin at, [iii. 188], [190], [193]
	Forts and ships of war at Sebastopol, [i. 14], [15]
	Fossil ivory, [iii. 162]
	“Fougueux” taken at Trafalgar, [i. 11]
	“Fox”: the search for Franklin, [iii. 215]
	Franklin, Sir John: his tombstone, [iii. 98]; Arctic voyages, [166], [168], [178], [189], [190], [191], [193], [195]; his last voyage, [204]; portrait, [205]; memoir, [206]; the search for, [207–232]; relics found by Dr. Rae, [215]; other relics, [227], [229], [231]
	Arctic voyages, [166], [168], [178], [189], [190], [191], [193], [195];
	his last voyage, [204];
	portrait, [205];
	memoir, [206];
	the search for, [207–232];
	relics found by Dr. Rae, [215];
	other relics, [227], [229], [231]
	Franklin, Lady: her advocacy and support of Polar exploration, [iii. 92], [93], [98]; search for Sir John Franklin, [207], [215], [222]
	search for Sir John Franklin, [207], [215], [222]
	Franz Josef Land, discovered by Lieutenant Payer, [iii. 272]
	Frederick William, Emperor of Germany: Arctic expedition of the “Germania” and “Hansa,” [iii. 259]
	Free-board of the Captain, [i. 54]
	Free Town, Sierra Leone, [i. 202], [204]
	Freezing, The sleepy comfort of: Dr. Kane’s experience, [iii. 237]
	French ironclads, [i. 83]
	French sailors, [i. 226]
	Frobisher, Sir Martin: the Spanish Armada, [i. 284], [287]; his voyages of discovery, [iii. 123], [124], [126]; portrait, [128]
	his voyages of discovery, [iii. 123], [124], [126];
	portrait, [128]
	Frobisher’s Strait, [iii. 146]
	Frost-bite, [iii. 171]
	Fruit at Shanghai, [i. 123]; in South Australia, [154]
	in South Australia, [154]
	Fulton, Robert: steam navigation, [ii. 87–95]; submarine boat, [88]; “Clermont,” [93]; portrait, [95]; his torpedoes and torpedo boat, [ii. 149], [153]
	submarine boat, [88];
	“Clermont,” [93];
	portrait, [95];
	his torpedoes and torpedo boat, [ii. 149], [153]
	Funeral at sea, [ii. 153]
	Fur-sealing: Alaska and San Francisco, [i. 170], [171]
	Fury: Arctic voyage, [iii. 172], [176]
	Fusaro, Lake: its oysters, [iv. 136]

	Galatea, Cruise of the, [i. 205]
	“Gallia,” Atlantic steamer, [iv. 3]
	“Gamo,” Spanish frigate, taken by Admiral Cochrane, [i. 219]
	Gann, John: his diving apparatus, [iv. 87]
	Garry Island: Franklin’s flag unfurled, [iii. 194]
	Gasparin, Madame de; her reminiscences of a thunderstorm, [iv. 193]
	Gasteropoda, [iv. 139]
	Gems in Ceylon, [i. 119]
	George II.’s navy, [i. 232]; laws against wrecking, [ii. 237]
	laws against wrecking, [ii. 237]
	George IV.; Lukin’s life-boat, [ii. 210]
	Georgia, Gulf of, [i. 166], [167]
	Géricault’s painting of the raft of the “Medusa,” [i. 81], [82]
	German Arctic expeditions, [iii. 258]
	“Germania,” Arctic exploring ship, [iii. 258], [267]
	Gerritz, Dirk, discovery of Southern Polar land, [iii. 277], [278]
	Gibraltar, Siege of: red-hot shot, [i. 16], [17], [18]; view from the mainland, [65]; Browning’s lines on the Straits, [87]; history of the rock, [88]; sieges, ib.; view of the Neutral Ground, [89]; Stephens’s “History of the Place and its Sieges,” [90]; first taken by England, [93], [94]; Moorish tower, [93]; Spanish attempts to regain the place, [94], [95]; Sayer’s “History of Gibraltar,” [95], [96]; the great siege, ib.; the rock described, [96]; monkeys, [97]; Morgan’s attack on, [iii. 33], [39]
	view from the mainland, [65];
	Browning’s lines on the Straits, [87];
	history of the rock, [88];
	sieges, ib.;
	view of the Neutral Ground, [89];
	Stephens’s “History of the Place and its Sieges,” [90];
	first taken by England, [93], [94];
	Moorish tower, [93];
	Spanish attempts to regain the place, [94], [95];
	Sayer’s “History of Gibraltar,” [95], [96];
	the great siege, ib.;
	the rock described, [96];
	monkeys, [97];
	Morgan’s attack on, [iii. 33], [39]
	Gibraltar, a town in Venezuela, [iii. 20]; taken by pirates, [21], [22], [23], [25]
	taken by pirates, [21], [22], [23], [25]
	Gilbert, W. S.: his operettas, [iv. 303]
	Gilbert, Sir Humphrey: colonisation and trade with America, [i. 315]; Queen Elizabeth’s patronage and present, [315], [316]; voyage to Newfoundland, [316]; possession taken, [318]; Gilbert’s fate, [317], [319]; his advocacy of the discovery of the North-west Passage, [iii. 123], [126]
	Queen Elizabeth’s patronage and present, [315], [316];
	voyage to Newfoundland, [316];
	possession taken, [318];
	Gilbert’s fate, [317], [319];
	his advocacy of the discovery of the North-west Passage, [iii. 123], [126]
	Gilmore, Rev. W.: “Storm Warriors; or, Lifeboat Work,” [ii. 217]; hovellers and wreckers, [ii. 245], [247], [253]
	hovellers and wreckers, [ii. 245], [247], [253]
	Girvan, Private, a diver: his submarine combat with Corporal Jones, [iv. 88]
	Glaciers, [iii. 155], [166]
	Globe-fish, [iv. 162], [164]
	Globigerina, from the Atlantic, [i. 32]
	Gloucester, Commodore Anson’s ship, [ii. 46], [50], [56], [57]
	Goats in Malta, [i. 99]
	Goat Island, San Francisco, [i. 157]
	Goggles worn in Arctic exploration, [iii. 110]
	Going aloft, [i. 97]
	Gold: in Australia, discovered by Hargreaves, [i. 151]; iv. 55; in California, [i. 158]; miners’ vicissitudes, [164]; Cariboo mines, British Columbia, [i. 163], [164]; search for El Dorado, [ii. 4], [6]; Frobisher’s voyage in search of, [iii. 125], [126]; voyages of Columbus, [iii. 291], [293], [294], [295]; of Ojeda, Nino, and De Bastides, [303], [306]; taken from Indians by Nicuesa, [311]; by Enisco, [314]
	in California, [i. 158];
	miners’ vicissitudes, [164];
	Cariboo mines, British Columbia, [i. 163], [164];
	search for El Dorado, [ii. 4], [6];
	Frobisher’s voyage in search of, [iii. 125], [126];
	voyages of Columbus, [iii. 291], [293], [294], [295];
	of Ojeda, Nino, and De Bastides, [303], [306];
	taken from Indians by Nicuesa, [311];
	by Enisco, [314]
	Gold-washing, Ancient, at St. Domingo, [iii. 293]
	Golden State and City. (See [California], [San Francisco].)
	Golden Hinde: Drake’s circumnavigating ship, [i. 308–314]; Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s expedition, [318]
	Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s expedition, [318]
	Goodwin Sands and Life-boats, [ii. 198], [215]; wreck of the “Samaritano,” [217–223]; “Violet,” [224]; “Fusileer,” ib.; Portuguese brig, [225]; other wrecks, [229], [230]; loss of the “Effort,” [247]; “Albion” lugger-hovelling: the lugger lost, [248], [249]; the sands described, ib.; map, at low water, [252]; rescue of “La Marguerite,” [253]; the Sands mentioned by Shakespeare, [iv. 294]
	wreck of the “Samaritano,” [217–223];
	“Violet,” [224];
	“Fusileer,” ib.;
	Portuguese brig, [225];
	other wrecks, [229], [230];
	loss of the “Effort,” [247];
	“Albion” lugger-hovelling: the lugger lost, [248], [249];
	the sands described, ib.;
	map, at low water, [252];
	rescue of “La Marguerite,” [253];
	the Sands mentioned by Shakespeare, [iv. 294]
	Gosnold, Captain: first direct voyage to America, [ii. 10]
	Gosse, P. H.: growth of echinoderms, [iv. 126]; hermit crabs, [154]; attractions of the sea-shore, [191]; on the sea coast, [194]; enormous Medusæ, [195]; sea anemones, [196], [198]; rapid influx of the tide, [197]; Devonshire coast scenery, [199]; spinous cockle, [204]
	hermit crabs, [154];
	attractions of the sea-shore, [191];
	on the sea coast, [194];
	enormous Medusæ, [195];
	sea anemones, [196], [198];
	rapid influx of the tide, [197];
	Devonshire coast scenery, [199];
	spinous cockle, [204]
	Granada: the Moors in Spain, [i. 88], [90]; at Gibraltar, [94]
	at Gibraltar, [94]
	Great American Desert, [iv. 22]
	“Great Britain,” [ii. 102]
	“Great Eastern,” [i. 13]; its tonnage, [232]; contrasted with the Great Harry, [232], [233]; first and subsequent voyages, [ii. 134–137]; arrival at New York, [136]; gale off Cape Clear, [128], [137]; its history, ib.; Brunel and Scott Russell, [130]; their portraits, [129]; view and launch of the ship, [130–133]; laying the Submarine Atlantic Telegraph Cable, [iv. 3], [102–110]
	its tonnage, [232];
	contrasted with the Great Harry, [232], [233];
	first and subsequent voyages, [ii. 134–137];
	arrival at New York, [136];
	gale off Cape Clear, [128], [137];
	its history, ib.;
	Brunel and Scott Russell, [130];
	their portraits, [129];
	view and launch of the ship, [130–133];
	laying the Submarine Atlantic Telegraph Cable, [iv. 3], [102–110]
	Great Fish River, [iii. 217]
	Great Harry, [i. 275], [282]; contrasted with the “Great Eastern,” [233]
	contrasted with the “Great Eastern,” [233]
	Greathead’s Life-boats, [ii. 209], [210], [211]
	“Great Michael,” James IV. of Scotland, [i. 281]
	Great Mogul’s ship taken by Avery, the pirate, [iii. 60], [61]
	“Great Queensland,” blown up, [ii. 122]
	“Great Western” steam-ship, [ii. 101], [106]
	Grecian ships, [i. 261]
	Greene, Henry: his mutiny against Hudson, [iii. 147]; killed by natives of Labrador, [148]
	killed by natives of Labrador, [148]
	Greenland, [iii. 95]; its colonisation, [116], [117]; James Hall at, [143]; Henry Hudson at, [146]; William Baffin at, [149]; icebergs, [ib.]; change in the ice-fields, [162]; Sir John Ross at, [163]; portraits of Esquimaux, [172]; a snow village, [173], [174]; view of Whale Sound, [233]; of Cape Alexander, [249]
	its colonisation, [116], [117];
	James Hall at, [143];
	Henry Hudson at, [146];
	William Baffin at, [149];
	icebergs, [ib.];
	change in the ice-fields, [162];
	Sir John Ross at, [163];
	portraits of Esquimaux, [172];
	a snow village, [173], [174];
	view of Whale Sound, [233];
	of Cape Alexander, [249]
	Greenwich: Peter the Great and Halley, [ii. 40]
	Grinnell, H.: American expedition in search of Franklin, [iii. 214]; the “Advance” fitted out by him; Dr. Kane’s search for Franklin, [233]; Dr. Hayes’s Arctic expedition in the “United States,” [iii. 255]
	the “Advance” fitted out by him; Dr. Kane’s search for Franklin, [233];
	Dr. Hayes’s Arctic expedition in the “United States,” [iii. 255]
	Griper: Arctic voyages, [iii. 168], [169], [176]
	Grippe, or mistral, [i. 107]
	Grog, Admiral Vernon (“Old Grog”): his grogram tunic, [i. 51]
	Grog on ship-board, [i. 44]
	“Grosser Kurfürst,” Loss of the, [iv. 238]
	Grylls, Lieut. R.N., a survivor of the burning of the “Amazon,” [ii. 282], [287], [288]
	Guadaloupe discovered by Columbus, [iii. 294]
	Guano ships, [ii. 122], [123]
	Guard ships, [i. 44]
	Guiana, Raleigh’s expeditions to, [ii. 8]
	Guillemard’s “Over Land and Sea”: Honolulu, Fiji, [iv. 47]
	Gulf Stream, [iv. 91]
	Gulf Stream light-vessel on the Goodwin Sands, [iv. 245]
	Gulf of Georgia, [i. 166], [167]
	Guns: gunnery of war-ships. (See [Artillery])
	Guy Fawkes burnt in the Arctic regions, [iii. 219]
	“Gwenissa” wrecked near Tramore, [ii. 258]; Ronayne’s bravery in saving life, [257–261]
	Ronayne’s bravery in saving life, [257–261]

	Haddock: “Finnan haddies”; fishing in Scotland, [iv. 175]
	Hakluyt’s lines on the British navy, [i. 273]; on the execution of Doughtie by Drake for mutiny, [307]; defeat of the Spanish Armada, [289]; slave-trade, [297]; on early voyages of discovery, [iii. 119]
	on the execution of Doughtie by Drake for mutiny, [307];
	defeat of the Spanish Armada, [289];
	slave-trade, [297];
	on early voyages of discovery, [iii. 119]
	Haliburton, Judge: erection and history of the town of Halifax, [i. 199]
	Halibut, or Holibut, [iv. 175]
	Halifax, Nova Scotia, [i. 198]; the town, harbour, lighthouses, ib.; history, [199]; “Blue Noses,” ib.
	the town, harbour, lighthouses, ib.;
	history, [199];
	“Blue Noses,” ib.
	Hall, Captain Basil, R.N.: “Life in Chili,” [i. 174]; electrical phenomenon at Cape Horn, [176]; sharks, [iv. 160]
	electrical phenomenon at Cape Horn, [176];
	sharks, [iv. 160]
	Hall, Captain C. F., his Arctic expedition in the “Polaris,” [iii. 268]; his death and funeral, [268], [269]
	his death and funeral, [268], [269]
	Hall, James: attempt to discover the North-west Passage, [iii. 143], [149]
	Halley’s diving-bell, [iv. 81]
	Hamilton, Bermuda, [i. 187], [188]
	Hammerhead, [iv. 162]
	Hannay, James, on wasteful expenditure in naval construction, [i. 47]
	Hanno’s voyage to Africa, [i. 259]
	“Hansa,” Arctic exploring ship, [iii. 258], [260]; sinking of the ship, [261], [262]; the crew in a coal-house on an ice-raft, [257], [260], [263]; breaking up of the floe, [265]; eight months on the ice-raft, [266]
	sinking of the ship, [261], [262];
	the crew in a coal-house on an ice-raft, [257], [260], [263];
	breaking up of the floe, [265];
	eight months on the ice-raft, [266]
	Hardy, Captain, at the Battle of Trafalgar, [i. 10]
	Hargreave, E. H.: his discovery of gold in Australia, [i. 151], [153]
	Harpa, a univalve shell, [iv. 145]
	Harris, Corporal: his diving exploits, [iv. 87]
	Hartstene, Captain: his search for and meeting with Dr. Kane, [iii. 254]
	Harvey, Captain, of the Téméraire, at Trafalgar, [i. 10]
	Harvey, Captain: his torpedo, [ii. 153], [155]
	Harwich, [iv. 247], [248]
	Hastings, [iv. 236]; battle of Hastings, [ib.]
	battle of Hastings, [ib.]
	Havana, [i. 184]; slave labour, [185]
	slave labour, [185]
	Hawaian Islands. (See [Sandwich Islands].)
	Hawkins, Sir John: the Spanish Armada, [i. 284]; his ships; capture of slaves, [295–301]; his high-handed trading, [297]; coat of arms, [298]; portrait, [300]; action at St. Juan de Ulloa, [301]
	his ships; capture of slaves, [295–301];
	his high-handed trading, [297];
	coat of arms, [298];
	portrait, [300];
	action at St. Juan de Ulloa, [301]
	Hayes, Dr.: his sufferings in Dr. Kane’s expedition, [iii. 240], [241]; his Arctic expedition in the “United States,” [iii. 255]
	his Arctic expedition in the “United States,” [iii. 255]
	Hayti discovered by Columbus, [iii. 291]; its early history, [205]
	its early history, [205]
	Heard Island, [i. 34]
	Hecla: Arctic voyages, [iii. 169], [170]
	Heemskirk, Gibraltar attacked by, [i. 92]
	Hegemann, Captain: Arctic expedition of the “Hansa,” [iii. 257], [259], [267]
	Héhaux, Brittany, Lighthouse, [ii. 178]
	Hemans, Mrs.: lines on shipwrecks, [ii. 296]; her “Casabianca,” [iv. 299]
	her “Casabianca,” [iv. 299]
	Henri Grace de Dieu. (See [Great Harry].)
	Henry V., his fleet, [i. 273]
	Henry VII.: Acts for regulating the Navy, [i. 277]
	Henry VIII.’s navy, [i. 232], [273], [282]; royal navy first established, [275]; encouragement of voyages of discovery, [iii. 119], [120]; [iv. 288]
	royal navy first established, [275];
	encouragement of voyages of discovery, [iii. 119], [120]; [iv. 288]
	Hepburn, a sailor in Richardson’s Arctic expedition; his heroism, [iii. 189], [193]
	Herald sent in search of Franklin, [iii. 207], [211]
	Hermit crab, [iv. 154], [156]
	Hero of the Humber, John Ellerthorpe, [iv. 267]
	“Héros,” [i. 7]
	Herrings and the Herring Fishery, [iv. 168–171]; supposed cabalistic markings of the herring, [168]; mode of curing, [169]; fisheries of Yarmouth, Wick, and Holland, [ib.]; inexhaustible supplies, [170], [171], [250]
	supposed cabalistic markings of the herring, [168];
	mode of curing, [169];
	fisheries of Yarmouth, Wick, and Holland, [ib.];
	inexhaustible supplies, [170], [171], [250]
	Hickley, Captain, of the Iron Duke: loss of the Vanguard, [i. 63]
	Hiero’s floating palace, [i. 260]
	Hirst, Robert: his escape from the Captain, [i. 55], [57]
	Hispaniola discovered by Columbus, [iii. 291]
	History of the sea, [i. 1]
	Hoboken, New York, [i. 195]
	Hobson, Captain W. R.: “Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [iii. 216], [226]; his discovery of a record of the expedition, [226], [229], [230]
	his discovery of a record of the expedition, [226], [229], [230]
	Hodder, Edwin, “Heroes of Britain in Peace and War,” [iv. 267]
	Hogg, James, the Ettrick shepherd; growth, changes, and migration of the salmon, [iv. 165], [166]
	Holothuria: trepang fisheries, [iv. 127], [128]
	Holyhead Breakwater, [ii. 197]
	Holystoning a ship’s deck, [i. 49]
	Home for Disabled and Worn-out Merchant Seamen, Belvedere, Kent, [iv. 273]
	Honduras discovered by Columbus, [iii. 296]
	Hong Kong, [i. 119]. (See [Victoria].)
	(See [Victoria].)
	Honolulu, View and account of, [iv. 33], [45], [46]
	Hood, Admiral Lord, [i. 4], [6]
	Hood, Captain: Arctic exploration, [iii. 189], [193]
	Hood, Thomas: his poem, “The Demon Ship,” [iv. 303]
	Horace: on the Sea, [iv. 290], [291]
	Hore’s voyage of discovery encouraged by Henry VIII., [iii. 120]
	Horses, Wild, at Tortuga, [iii. 7]
	Hotham, Admiral, [i. 7]
	Hovellers: at the Goodwin Sands, [ii. 199]; hovelling v. wrecking, [245]; services of hovellers, ib.; hovellers associated with wreckers, [247]; dangers of the hoveller’s life, [249]; wreck of the “Woolpacket,” [251]
	hovelling v. wrecking, [245];
	services of hovellers, ib.;
	hovellers associated with wreckers, [247];
	dangers of the hoveller’s life, [249];
	wreck of the “Woolpacket,” [251]
	Howard of Effingham, Lord: defeat of the Spanish Armada, [i. 284]
	Howe, Admiral Lord: mutiny at Spithead, [i. 250], [251]
	“Huascar” and “Shah”: action between them, [i. 26]
	Hubner, Baron: the passage from San Francisco to Japan, [iv. 35–37]; Yokohama, [40]
	Yokohama, [40]
	Hudson, Henry: his Polar voyages, [iii. 144], [146]; mutiny, cast adrift and lost, [147], [148]; Hudson River, Bay and Strait, [iii. 144], [146]
	mutiny, cast adrift and lost, [147], [148];
	Hudson River, Bay and Strait, [iii. 144], [146]
	Hudson River, [i. 195]; [iii. 144]; its discovery, [146]
	its discovery, [146]
	Hudson’s Bay Company and the Californian currency, [i. 165], [167]; [iii. 151], [154]; the search for Franklin, [207]
	the search for Franklin, [207]
	Huer, or watcher, in pilchard fishing, [iv. 173]
	Hull, E. W.: his device for saving life at the wreck of the “Killarney,” [ii. 315]
	Hummocks in the Polar Seas, [iii. 97], [137], [181]
	Hunt, Mr. Ward: on the loss of the Vanguard, [i. 67]
	Hurricanes, [iv. 95]
	Hydrozoa, [iv. 115]
	Hyères, naval fight off, [i. 7]

	Ice in the Polar Seas, [iii. 99–114], [125], [133]; formation of “young ice,” [172]; old and young ice, [172], [182], [200], [260]; “the edge of the pack,” [180]; cutting ice docks, [208]; ice mountains, [209]; hummocks, [181]; Back’s account of the growth of ice, [200]
	formation of “young ice,” [172];
	old and young ice, [172], [182], [200], [260];
	“the edge of the pack,” [180];
	cutting ice docks, [208];
	ice mountains, [209];
	hummocks, [181];
	Back’s account of the growth of ice, [200]
	Ice and snow on American railways, [iv. 21], [28]
	Ice. (See [Antarctic ice].)
	Icebergs, [i. 35]; [iii. 149], [155], [162], [166], [170], [197], [201], [218], [264], [265], [277]; an iceberg breaking up, [iii. 129], [133]; narrow escape of Dr. Kane in the “Advance,” [iii. 234]
	an iceberg breaking up, [iii. 129], [133];
	narrow escape of Dr. Kane in the “Advance,” [iii. 234]
	Icelandic explorers of the Arctic regions, [iii. 16]
	Ice Point and Ice Haven, Nova Zembla, [iii. 139], [142]
	“Impératrice:” chest of gold recovered by divers, [iv. 86]
	Inaccessible Island: rescue of two voluntary Crusoes, [i. 39]
	Ince, Henry: the sea serpent, [iv. 185]
	Inchcape Rock: bell signal, [ii. 173]; lighthouse, [173–176]
	lighthouse, [173–176]
	Indiana, [iv. 14]
	Inflexible, turret ship: its cost, [i. 231]; [ii. 144]
	Infusoria: their propagation, [iv. 113]
	Ingram: his escape from the Royal George, [i. 61]
	Inman line of steam-ships, [ii. 111]
	“Inverness,” plundered by wreckers, [ii. 241], [244]
	Investigator: search for Franklin, [iii. 211–213]; the ship abandoned, [214]
	the ship abandoned, [214]
	Ipswich, [iv. 247]
	Irish moss or Carrageen, [iv. 202]
	Iron and wooden ships, [i. 9], [13], [84], [138–146]
	Ironclad war ships, [i. 13], [14], [18], [19], [26], [27], [54]; their cost, [59], [66], [83], [231]; [ii. 148]; Iron Duke and Vanguard, [i. 63–66]; circular ironclads, [ii. 148]; rams, [155]; turret ships. (See [Monitors].)
	their cost, [59], [66], [83], [231]; [ii. 148];
	Iron Duke and Vanguard, [i. 63–66];
	circular ironclads, [ii. 148];
	rams, [155];
	turret ships. (See [Monitors].)
	Iron steamers introduced, [ii. 99], [102]
	Iron Duke: loss of the Vanguard, [i. 63–66]
	Irons’s “Settler’s Guide to the Cape of Good Hope,” [i. 210]
	Isabella of Spain: Gibraltar surrendered to, [i. 92]. (See [Ferdinand and Isabella].)
	(See [Ferdinand and Isabella].)
	Island of Desolation, [iii. 279]
	Islands of the Pacific: Map, [i. 245]
	Isle of Wight, [iv. 227]
	Ismaïlia, on the line of the Suez Canal, [i. 110], [114]
	Isthmus of Panama, Drake at the, [i. 303]
	Ivigtut: visit of the “Pandora,” [iii. 95]
	Ivory, fossil, [iii. 162]

	Jamaica: views in, [i. 180], [181]; Kingston town and harbour, [183]; sugar plantations, [183]; Blue Mountain Peak, ib.; treasure taken by the pirate Morgan sent there, [iii. 50]; the island discovered by Columbus, [94]
	Kingston town and harbour, [183];
	sugar plantations, [183];
	Blue Mountain Peak, ib.;
	treasure taken by the pirate Morgan sent there, [iii. 50];
	the island discovered by Columbus, [94]
	James II.’s Navy, [i. 232]; [ii. 22]
	James, Sir Henry: on the loss of the Vanguard, [i. 67]
	James Town, St. Helena, [i. 212]
	Japan: [i. 127–131]; customs and costumes, [130]; election and revenue of the Tycoon, ib.; Fusiyama Mountain, [129], [131]; a tea mart, [133]; Yokohama, [iv. 40]; a Japanese dinner, [42]
	customs and costumes, [130];
	election and revenue of the Tycoon, ib.;
	Fusiyama Mountain, [129], [131];
	a tea mart, [133];
	Yokohama, [iv. 40];
	a Japanese dinner, [42]
	Java, [i. 144]
	Jelly-fish, [iv. 116], [147]
	Jennings, Captain Henry: a bucanier, [iii. 3]
	Jersey City, New York, [i. 195]
	Jervis, Sir John: battle of St. Vincent, [i. 7], [9]
	Jessop, Josias: Smeaton’s assistant at the Eddystone Lighthouse, [ii. 165], [166]
	“Jesus:” Sir John Hawkins’ ship; the slave trade, [i. 299]
	Jiddah, [i. 117]; view from the sea, ib.
	view from the sea, ib.
	John, King: his fleet, [i. 271]
	John, King of Portugal: his patronage of Bartholomew Diaz, [iii. 281]
	Johns, Rev. C. A.: “The Loss of the Amazon,” [ii. 278], [288]; smuggling on the Cornish coast, [iv. 210]; search for treasure trove, [222]
	smuggling on the Cornish coast, [iv. 210];
	search for treasure trove, [222]
	Johnson, Dr.: on the perils of the sea, [i. 42]
	Jones, Lance-corporal: his diving exploits, [iv. 88]
	Jones, Paul, the privateer, [iii. 71–78]; portrait, [77]
	portrait, [77]
	Juan Fernandez: Robinson Crusoe’s island, [i. 33], [36]; [ii. 50]
	“Judith,” Sir John Hawkins’s ship, [i. 299], [302]
	Junks, Chinese, [i. 147–149]

	Kalosh Indians in Alaska, [i. 169], [170]
	Kalutunah, an Esquimaux, [iii. 242]; portrait, [245]
	portrait, [245]
	Kamchatka, Kamtschatka: [i. 131], [135], [137]; orthography of the word, [iii. 160]; Russian expedition to, [160], [162]
	orthography of the word, [iii. 160];
	Russian expedition to, [160], [162]
	Kanakas, as sailors, [i. 43]
	Kane, Dr.: his expedition in search of Franklin, [iii. 230–254]; portrait, [236]
	portrait, [236]
	Kangaroos, [i. 151]
	“Keels” on the Tyne, [i. 263]
	Kellett, Captain: search for Franklin in the Herald, [iii. 207], [211]; “Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [iii. 216]
	“Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [iii. 216]
	Kempenfelt, Admiral: lost in the Royal George, [i. 60]
	“Kent,” East Indiaman, burning of the, [i. 64–74]
	Kentish Knock Light-ship, [ii. 273], [274]
	Kerguelen’s discoveries in the Southern hemisphere, [iii. 277]
	Kerguelen’s Land, [i. 34]
	Kidd, Captain Robert, the pirate, [iii. 56–59]; his trial and execution, [58], [59]
	his trial and execution, [58], [59]
	“Killarney,” Wreck of the, [ii. 304–317]; rescue of survivors, [316]
	rescue of survivors, [316]
	King, Governor: his description of Australia, [i. 153]
	King crabs, [iv. 152]
	Kingman, Captain: phosphorescence of the sea, [iv. 97]
	Kingsley, Charles: on sailors; Amyas Leigh, [i. 43]; Trinidad, Jamaica, Havana, [180], [182], [185], [186]; his “Three Fishers,” [iv. 299]
	Trinidad, Jamaica, Havana, [180], [182], [185], [186];
	his “Three Fishers,” [iv. 299]
	Kingston Harbour, Jamaica, [i. 181], [183]; the Palisades; Port Royal; town of Kingston, [i. 183]
	the Palisades; Port Royal; town of Kingston, [i. 183]
	Kitchiner, Dr., on oysters, [iv. 133]
	Knight, John: attempt to discover the north-west passage, [iii. 143]; remnants of his expedition, [145], [153]
	remnants of his expedition, [145], [153]
	Knights of St. John of Malta, [i. 98], [99], [101], [103]
	Knights Templars, [i. 101]
	Knock Sands, [ii. 254]
	Knowles, Captain, lost in the “Northfleet”: his bravery, [ii. 263–267]
	Knysna, Cape of Good Hope, [i. 208], [209]
	Koldewey, Captain: Arctic expeditions; the “Germania” and “Hansa,” [iii. 259]
	Kondylostoma patens, a microscopic infusorian, [iv. 113]
	Kraken: sea-serpent, [iv. 149]. (See [Sea-serpent].)
	(See [Sea-serpent].)

	La Cosa, Juan de: his expeditions to America, [iii. 303], [304], [307], [308], [309], [310]; his character and death, [309], [310], [311]
	his character and death, [309], [310], [311]
	Lacquer-work in Japan, [iv. 40]
	“Lady Franklin”: the search for Franklin, [iii. 207]
	La Hogue, battle of, [ii. 32]
	Lake Menzaleh, on the Suez Canal; catching pelicans, [i. 112], [116]
	“La Marguerite,” on the Goodwin Sands, [ii. 253]
	Lambert, James, a blind native of Calton, a suburb of Glasgow: his heroism in saving life from drowning, [iv. 268]
	Land crabs, [iv. 152], [153]
	Land’s End, [iv. 207]
	Lapland, Dutch Expedition to, [iii. 142]
	La Perouse: his monument in Petropaulovski, [i. 132]
	Lardner, Dr.: steam navigation, [ii. 106]
	Lascars, as sailors, [i. 43]
	Las Casas: his account of Spaniards in America, [iii. 312], [313]
	Laube, Dr.: Arctic voyage of the “Hansa,” [iii. 259], [263]
	Laudanum stew given to treacherous Esquimaux, [iii. 243]
	La Valette: his defence of Malta, [i. 102]
	Lay’s torpedo, [ii. 151], [153]
	Leake, Sir John: his defence of Gibraltar, [i. 94]
	Leeuw, Hannequin, the pirate, [i. 275]
	Leigh, Amyas, the hero of Kingsley’s “Westward Ho!” [i. 43]
	Lentzé, Herr: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps, [i. 111]
	Lesseps, F. M. de: the Suez Canal, [i. 107]
	Letters of Marque, [i. 270]; [iii. 2]
	Lewis, Richard: “The Life-boat and its Work,” [ii. 210]
	Lewson, Admiral Sir Richard, [ii. 19]
	Liessou, M.: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal, [i. 110]
	Life saved from shipwrecks; statistics, [ii. 320]; [iv. 262], [267]
	Lifeboat, The, [ii. 209–235]; its origin and history, [210]; Lionel Lukin, ib.; Wouldhave and Greathead, ib.; George IV., ib.; Duke of Northumberland, [211]; Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, ib.; National Life-boat Institution, ib.; Sir William Hillary, [212]; saving life on the “St. George,” [213]; “self-righting,” [214]; “Aid,” steam-tug, Ramsgate, [215–234]; “Ann,” loss of a lifeboat, [212], [216]; “Samaritano” wrecked; saving of life, [217–223]; loss of a Portuguese brig, [225–228]; lifeboat and carriage, [217]; group of lifeboat men, [229]; “Providentia,” [230–236]; at Penzance, [iv. 219]; at Padstow, [221]; Deal, [242]
	its origin and history, [210];
	Lionel Lukin, ib.;
	Wouldhave and Greathead, ib.;
	George IV., ib.;
	Duke of Northumberland, [211];
	Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, ib.;
	National Life-boat Institution, ib.;
	Sir William Hillary, [212];
	saving life on the “St. George,” [213];
	“self-righting,” [214];
	“Aid,” steam-tug, Ramsgate, [215–234];
	“Ann,” loss of a lifeboat, [212], [216];
	“Samaritano” wrecked; saving of life, [217–223];
	loss of a Portuguese brig, [225–228];
	lifeboat and carriage, [217];
	group of lifeboat men, [229];
	“Providentia,” [230–236];
	at Penzance, [iv. 219];
	at Padstow, [221];
	Deal, [242]
	Lighthouse, The, and its history, [ii. 156]; Pharos of Alexandria, [158]; Roman Pharos, Dover, ib.; Tower of Cordouan, [157]; the Eddystone, its history and construction, [156], [159–171]; lighthouses of the British Channel, [171]; the “Bell Rock” lighthouse on the Inchcape Rock, [173]; lighthouse on the Skerryvore Rocks, [175–178]; lighthouse of Héhaux, Brittany, [178–181]; lighthouses on land; Maplin Sands light, [182]; Port Fleetwood, ib.; iron lighthouses, ib.; the lanterns, [183], [187]; tallow candles, ib.; coal fires, ib.; Argand burner, [184]; reflectors, ib.; electric light at sea, [185]; flashing, revolving, and coloured lights, [184], [186]; lanterns obscured by moths, bees, and birds, [187]; St. Anthony’s Point, Falmouth, [iv. 222]; Bishop Rock Lighthouse, [ii. 269], [270]; Lizard light, [iv. 208]; Wolf lighthouse, [210]
	Pharos of Alexandria, [158];
	Roman Pharos, Dover, ib.;
	Tower of Cordouan, [157];
	the Eddystone, its history and construction, [156], [159–171];
	lighthouses of the British Channel, [171];
	the “Bell Rock” lighthouse on the Inchcape Rock, [173];
	lighthouse on the Skerryvore Rocks, [175–178];
	lighthouse of Héhaux, Brittany, [178–181];
	lighthouses on land; Maplin Sands light, [182];
	Port Fleetwood, ib.;
	iron lighthouses, ib.;
	the lanterns, [183], [187];
	tallow candles, ib.;
	coal fires, ib.;
	Argand burner, [184];
	reflectors, ib.;
	electric light at sea, [185];
	flashing, revolving, and coloured lights, [184], [186];
	lanterns obscured by moths, bees, and birds, [187];
	St. Anthony’s Point, Falmouth, [iv. 222];
	Bishop Rock Lighthouse, [ii. 269], [270];
	Lizard light, [iv. 208];
	Wolf lighthouse, [210]
	Light vessel on the Goodwin Sands, [iv. 244]
	Lightning, Scientific cruise of the, [i. 30]
	Lima, [i. 172]; Sir F. Drake at, [310]
	Sir F. Drake at, [310]
	Limpets, [iv. 40]
	Lindsay, W. S., his “History of Merchant Shipping,” [i. 3], [266]; [ii. 11], [14], [99], [117], [119]; [iv. 10]
	Lisbon, view in the 16th century, [iii. 281]
	Liverpool: statistics of shipping, [ii. 198]; “Liverpool,” tugboat at the wreck of the “Deutschland,” [ii. 273], [274]
	“Liverpool,” tugboat at the wreck of the “Deutschland,” [ii. 273], [274]
	Livingston, Robert R.: his association with Fulton; early steam vessels, [ii. 90–93]; “Clermont,” [93]
	“Clermont,” [93]
	Living wonders of the ocean, [iv. 160]
	Lizard Rock and Lizard Light, [iv. 208], [223]; shipwreck, [224]
	shipwreck, [224]
	Lloyd’s: classification of ships, [ii. 123]; interior and exterior of Lloyd’s, [124], [125]; history of Lloyd’s, [125], [126]; Underwriter’s room, [128]
	interior and exterior of Lloyd’s, [124], [125];
	history of Lloyd’s, [125], [126];
	Underwriter’s room, [128]
	Lobsters, [iv. 151], [154], [157]
	Lobster fishing, [iv. 156]
	Lobster, blind, from the Atlantic, [i. 31], [32]
	“Locker,” the word; “Davy Jones’s Locker and its Treasures;” pearls, corals, sponges, diving, [iv. 66–90]
	Loggan Stone, [iv. 208]
	Lolonois, Francis, the Pirate, [iii. 16–28]
	London: statistics of shipping, [ii. 198]; Great Storm of 1703, [207]
	Great Storm of 1703, [207]
	“London,” swamped at sea, [ii. 289–297]
	Longfellow’s “Wreck of the Hesperus,” [iv. 299], [300]
	Longitude, first taken by observation of heavenly bodies, [iii. 149]
	Longwood, St. Helena, residence of Napoleon, [i. 213]
	Looe, Cornwall, [iv. 212]; Looe Island, [214]
	Looe Island, [214]
	Lord, Major, on lobsters, [iv. 151], [155]
	Lord Warden, [i. 59]
	Lost at Sea: ships never heard of, [iv. 283]
	Low, Captain Edward, a ferocious pirate, [iii. 71]
	Lucas, Captain of the Redoubtable at Trafalgar, [i. 10], [11]
	Lunar halo, [iii. 221]
	Lyon, Capt.: Arctic exploration, [iii. 175], [176]; extreme danger of the Griper, his prayers for preservation, [177]
	extreme danger of the Griper, his prayers for preservation, [177]

	Macao, [i. 121]
	Macartney, Lord: suppression of mutiny at the Cape, [i. 256]
	MacClean, Mr., C. E., his co-operation in the Suez Canal, [i. 110]
	McClintock, Sir F. Leopold: the “Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [iii. 216]; relics of Franklin obtained from Esquimaux, [227]; portrait, [224]
	relics of Franklin obtained from Esquimaux, [227];
	portrait, [224]
	MacGahan, J. A., of the New York Herald: his account of the cruise of the “Pandora,” [iii. 92]
	MacGregor, Lt.-General Sir Duncan, K.C.B., burning of the “Kent,” [i. 68], [69], [71]
	Mackay’s “Popular Delusions”: the South Sea Bubble, [ii. 43]
	Mackerel and Mackerel Fishing, [iv. 176]
	Maclure, Capt.: Search for Sir John Franklin in the Investigator, [iii. 211]; North-west passage found, [212]; portrait, [213]
	North-west passage found, [212];
	portrait, [213]
	Macquarie, Governor: on the population of Australia, [i. 153]
	McQuhæ, Capt., his account of the sea-serpent, [iv. 186]
	Madagascar, English pirates at, [iii. 62]
	“Madre de Dios,” taken by the Earl of Cumberland, [i. 293]
	Madrepores, [iv. 122], [124]
	Magdalena Bay, Spitzbergen, [iii. 166], [167]
	Magellan, Ferdinand de: discovery of Magellan’s Straits, [iii. 316]; of the Philippine Islands, [317]; battle with Indians, Magellan killed, [ib.]
	of the Philippine Islands, [317];
	battle with Indians, Magellan killed, [ib.]
	Magnetic Pole discovered by Sir James Ross, [iii. 187]
	Mahoney, Gunner, his swim across the Hellespont, [iv. 258]
	Major, R. H., F.S.A. Arctic exploration by the brothers Zeni, [iii. 47]
	Malacca, Islands in the Straits, [i. 129]; view in the Straits, [145]
	view in the Straits, [145]
	Malay population of the Cape of Good Hope, [i. 206]
	Malay prahus, [i. 149]
	Malay sailors, [i. 43]
	Malta, [i. 96], [98]; view, [96]; Valetta, [98]; climate, fruits, inhabitants, [99]; buildings, history of the island, ib.; defended by the Knights of St. John, [100]; catacombs at Citta Vecchia, [101], [103]; Maltese cross, ib.; sieges, [102]; taken by Napoleon, ib.; won by England, ib.; scene of St. Paul’s shipwreck, [103]; garrison, [104]
	view, [96];
	Valetta, [98];
	climate, fruits, inhabitants, [99];
	buildings, history of the island, ib.;
	defended by the Knights of St. John, [100];
	catacombs at Citta Vecchia, [101], [103];
	Maltese cross, ib.;
	sieges, [102];
	taken by Napoleon, ib.;
	won by England, ib.;
	scene of St. Paul’s shipwreck, [103];
	garrison, [104]
	Mammoth: Bones of the, fossil ivory, [iii. 162]
	Mangosteen, the apple of the East, [i. 150]
	Mansvelt, the pirate, [iii. 30]
	Manure ships, [ii. 122]
	Maories of New Zealand, [iv. 51], [52]
	Maplin Sands lighthouse, [ii. 182]
	Maracaibo: Lolonois the pirate at, [iii. 19]; the town attacked, [21], [22], [24]; taken by the pirate Morgan, [37]; letter from the Spanish admiral, [iii. 39]; fire ship, [40]; Morgan’s escape, [43], [44]
	the town attacked, [21], [22], [24];
	taken by the pirate Morgan, [37];
	letter from the Spanish admiral, [iii. 39];
	fire ship, [40];
	Morgan’s escape, [43], [44]
	Margate life-boats, [ii. 254], [255]
	Marigold, Drake’s vessel, lost, [i. 308]
	Marine artillery. (See [Artillery])
	Markham, Commander, A. H.: Alert and Discovery expedition, [iii. 92], [102], [107], [108], [110]
	Marquesite, supposed to contain gold, [iii. 125], [126]
	Marryat, Captain, on sailors, [i. 42], [44]; ceremonies on crossing the line, [230]; old war ships, [215]
	ceremonies on crossing the line, [230];
	old war ships, [215]
	Marshall: his discovery of gold in California, [i. 158]
	Martin, Frederick: “History of Lloyd’s and Marine Insurance,” [ii. 126]
	Martin, John Bohun, Captain, lost in the “London,” [ii. 291–295]
	Martinique: the Diamond Rock; the Centaur, [i. 161], [187]
	Masquerade on board the Terror, [iii. 200]
	Matamana, Cuba; Lolonois the pirate at, [iii. 25]
	Matavia Bay: mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 244]
	Mauna Kea, a Japanese volcano, [iv. 47], [49]
	Mauna Loa, a Japanese volcano, [iv. 47]
	Maxwell, Sir Murray, captain of the Alceste; wreck of the ship, [i. 82]
	May, gunner of the Captain; his escape, [i. 57], [58]
	“Medical Life in the Navy,” by Dr. Stables, [i. 220]
	Medina Sidonia, Duke of, commander of the Spanish Armada, [i. 288]
	Mediterranean: Round the World in a Man-of-war, [i. 87-214;] “The Mediterranean,” by Rear-Admiral Smyth, ib.; ancient and modern names of the Mediterranean, ib., [88]; history and description of Gibraltar, [88]; saltness of the water, [97]; gales and storms, [104]
	“The Mediterranean,” by Rear-Admiral Smyth, ib.;
	ancient and modern names of the Mediterranean, ib., [88];
	history and description of Gibraltar, [88];
	saltness of the water, [97];
	gales and storms, [104]
	Medusæ, [iv. 116], [195]
	“Medusa,” Wreck of the, [i. 75]; the raft, [76], [77], [78]; starvation and illusions of the sufferers, [79]; combats, cannibalism, and murder, [80], [81]; Géricault’s painting of the raft, [81]
	the raft, [76], [77], [78];
	starvation and illusions of the sufferers, [79];
	combats, cannibalism, and murder, [80], [81];
	Géricault’s painting of the raft, [81]
	Mehemet Ali and M. de Lesseps, [i. 108]
	Melbourne, South Australia, [i. 155]; [iv. 53], [54]
	Melville Bay, [iii. 97]; view of Cape York, [iii. 228]
	view of Cape York, [iii. 228]
	Menai Straits, [ii. 300]
	Mendoza, Don Fernando de: his ship, “Madre de Dios,” taken by the Earl of Cumberland, [i. 293]
	Men of Peace: naval life in peace times: the cruise of the Challenger, [i. 28]
	Men of the Sea: how boys become sailors; Amyas Leigh; training ships; old guard ships; routine and work on board; “watches” and “bells;” grog; the cat, [i. 42–54]
	Men of War: The Victory, [i. 4]; Siege of Toulon, [6]; Battle of St. Vincent, [7–9]; Nelson’s bridge, [8]; Trafalgar, [10–13]; iron and wooden ships, [9], [13]; Crimean War, [15]; Bombardment of Sebastopol, [14], [15]; red-hot shot and Gibraltar, [16], [18]; Ironclads, [13], [14]; the Warrior and “La Gloire,” [18]; the “Merrimac,” its history, [19]; the “Cumberland” sunk, [20], [21], [22]; the “Congress” burned, ib.; the first “Monitor,” its engagement with the “Merrimac,” [23], [24], [25]; the “Shah” and “Huascar” engagement, [26]; the “Vesta” (Russian) and the “Assari Tefvik” (Turkish) ships, action between them, [27]; instruction on board, [49]; officer’s life on board, [214]; ward-room, captain’s cabin, [215]; between decks in the eighteenth century, [217]; doctors, [220]; officers and seamen of the eighteenth century, [221]; chaplains, [222]; engineers, [224]; American, English, and French sailors, [226]; ceremonies on “crossing the line,” [229]; ward-room, meals and music, [231]; mess and wine-caterers, ib.; present force of the Navy, ib.; cost of ironclads, [231]; history of the Navy, [232]; naval volunteers, [232]; rapid firing, ib.; artillery volunteers, [233]; drills, [234]; Royal Naval Reserve, [234]; pursers, their dishonesty, mutiny of the Nore, [250] (see [Mutinies and]); Round the World on a Man-of-War, [87]
	Siege of Toulon, [6];
	Battle of St. Vincent, [7–9];
	Nelson’s bridge, [8];
	Trafalgar, [10–13];
	iron and wooden ships, [9], [13];
	Crimean War, [15];
	Bombardment of Sebastopol, [14], [15];
	red-hot shot and Gibraltar, [16], [18];
	Ironclads, [13], [14];
	the Warrior and “La Gloire,” [18];
	the “Merrimac,” its history, [19];
	the “Cumberland” sunk, [20], [21], [22];
	the “Congress” burned, ib.;
	the first “Monitor,” its engagement with the “Merrimac,” [23], [24], [25];
	the “Shah” and “Huascar” engagement, [26];
	the “Vesta” (Russian) and the “Assari Tefvik” (Turkish) ships, action between them, [27];
	instruction on board, [49];
	officer’s life on board, [214];
	ward-room, captain’s cabin, [215];
	between decks in the eighteenth century, [217];
	doctors, [220];
	officers and seamen of the eighteenth century, [221];
	chaplains, [222];
	engineers, [224];
	American, English, and French sailors, [226];
	ceremonies on “crossing the line,” [229];
	ward-room, meals and music, [231];
	mess and wine-caterers, ib.;
	present force of the Navy, ib.;
	cost of ironclads, [231];
	history of the Navy, [232];
	naval volunteers, [232];
	rapid firing, ib.;
	artillery volunteers, [233];
	drills, [234];
	Royal Naval Reserve, [234];
	pursers, their dishonesty, mutiny of the Nore, [250]
	(see [Mutinies and]);
	Round the World on a Man-of-War, [87]
	Menzaleh, Lake: on the Suez Canal, catching pelicans, [i. 112], [116]
	Mermaids, [iii. 146]
	“Merrimac:” its work of destruction in Hampton Roads, [i. 20–22]; engagement with the “Monitor,” [23–25]; its history, [18]; [ii. 139]
	engagement with the “Monitor,” [23–25];
	its history, [18]; [ii. 139]
	“Miantonoma:” monitor steamer, [ii. 139], [140]; its circumnavigation of the world, [142]
	its circumnavigation of the world, [142]
	Michelet: his references to the sea, [i. 2]; [iv. 290]; Infusoria, [iv. 112]; Medusa, [117]; Echinoderms, [126]; Cephalopoda, cuttle-fish, octopus, [143]
	Infusoria, [iv. 112];
	Medusa, [117];
	Echinoderms, [126];
	Cephalopoda, cuttle-fish, octopus, [143]
	Microscope: “the sixth sense of man,” [iv. 112]
	Middleton, Sir Henry: East India trade, [ii. 13]
	Midshipmen, [i. 47]
	Miller, Patrick: propulsion of ships by steam, [ii. 81–83]
	Milne, Admiral: his report on the loss of the Captain, [i. 59]
	Milne-Edwards, Dr.: his diving apparatus, [iv. 113]
	Milner, Rev. John: Duke of Edinburgh’s visit to the Cape, [i. 205]
	Milton: his reference to the sea, [i. 2]; [iv. 290]
	Mindry, Robert: his “Chips from the Log of an Old Salt,” [i. 44]
	Mines of Cornwall, [iv. 215]
	Minion, Sir John Hawkins’s ship, [i. 299]
	“Minnesota,” [i. 20], [24]
	Mirage in the Straits of Fuca, [i. 163]
	Mississippi scheme, [ii. 42]
	Misson, Captain: the pirate, [iii. 64–67]
	Missouri river, [iv. 16]
	Mistral, or Grippe, [i. 107]
	Mocha, [i. 117]
	Mocha fleet attacked by Captain Kidd, [iii. 56]
	Mock suns (parahelia), [iii. 132], [150], [152]
	Mock moons, [iii. 221]
	Molluscs: phosphorescence of the sea produced by, [iv. 97]
	Monitors: the first engagement with the “Merrimac,” [i. 22–26]; a “dummy” monitor, [ii. 138]; the first “Monitor,” [139]
	a “dummy” monitor, [ii. 138];
	the first “Monitor,” [139]
	Monkeys: at Gibraltar, [i. 88], [97]; in Trinidad, [182]; eaten at Singapore, [150]
	in Trinidad, [182];
	eaten at Singapore, [150]
	Monson, Sir William: his “Naval Tracts,” his daring deeds, [ii. 15]; his captivity, [17]; at the Siege of Cadiz, ib.; destruction of the Spanish fleet, [18]; action at Cerimbra Roads, [19], [21]; on Dutch fisheries, [23]; expedition against pirates, [24]; adventure at Broad Haven, [25]
	his captivity, [17];
	at the Siege of Cadiz, ib.;
	destruction of the Spanish fleet, [18];
	action at Cerimbra Roads, [19], [21];
	on Dutch fisheries, [23];
	expedition against pirates, [24];
	adventure at Broad Haven, [25]
	Monsoon, [i. 129]; [iv. 95]
	Montesino, M. de: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps, [i. 111]
	Moon, the. (See [Mock Moons].)
	Moore, Captain: search for Franklin in the Plover, [iii. 207], [211]
	Moore, Lieutenant: his swim across the Hellespont, [iv. 258]
	Moore, Frank: his “Rebellion Record;” the “Merrimac;” and the “Monitor,” [i. 19]
	Moors in Spain, [i. 88], [90], [93], [94]
	Morgan, Captain Henry: the pirate, [iii. 29–51]; portrait, [41]
	portrait, [41]
	Mormondom; town of Echo, Utah, Salt Lake City, [iv. 23]
	“Morning Star” chased by De Soto the pirate, [iii. 80]
	Morrison, R. J., R.N.: loss of the “Rothsay Castle,” [ii. 298]
	Morton’s sledge journey; in Dr. Kane’s expedition, [iii. 239]; the open sea discovered, [239], [241]; with Captain Hall in the “Polaris,” [iii. 268]
	the open sea discovered, [239], [241];
	with Captain Hall in the “Polaris,” [iii. 268]
	Mounts Erebus and Terror, [iii. 280]
	Mount St. Elias, Alaska, [i. 170]
	Mount’s Bay and Mount St. Michael, Cornwall, [iv. 223]
	Müller, S.: his “Life of Vitus Behring,” [iii. 160]
	Mundy, Colonel: on Sydney, Australia, [i. 154]
	Munk, Jens: his Arctic voyage, [iii. 150]
	Murchison, Sir Roderick J.: his advocacy of Polar exploration, [iii. 92]
	Murex, a univalve shell, [iv. 144]
	“Murillo,” the “Northfleet” wrecked by her, [ii. 263–267]
	Murphy, J. M.: American railways, [iv. 18]; salmon of American rivers, [166]
	salmon of American rivers, [166]
	Murray, Mrs. William, shipwrecked; “Ten Terrible Days,” [iv. 56]
	Musquitoes, [i. 222]
	Mussels, [iv. 129], [132]
	Mutiny: on the raft of the “Medusa,” [i. 79]; at Portsmouth, [225]; of the Nore, [249]; the “Lennie” mutineers, [235]; of the Bounty, [235–249]; the crew at Otaheite, [236]; mutineers seizing Captain Bligh, [237]; Bligh cast adrift, [240]; on the Wager, [ii. 52]
	at Portsmouth, [225];
	of the Nore, [249];
	the “Lennie” mutineers, [235];
	of the Bounty, [235–249];
	the crew at Otaheite, [236];
	mutineers seizing Captain Bligh, [237];
	Bligh cast adrift, [240];
	on the Wager, [ii. 52]

	Nagasaki, [i. 129]
	Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, [i. 168]
	Napoleon I. at St. Helena, [i. 212]
	Napoleon III.: introduction of ironclad war ships, [i. 18]
	“Napoleon,” steam screw, constructed by Dupuy Delorme, [i. 226]
	Nares, Sir George S.: cruise of the Challenger, [i. 29]; cairns erected by him, [iii. 97], [99]; expedition of the Alert and Discovery, [99–114]; portrait, [iii. 85]
	cairns erected by him, [iii. 97], [99];
	expedition of the Alert and Discovery, [99–114];
	portrait, [iii. 85]
	Natal, [i. 211]
	Naukum, a native of Plover Bay, [i. 138]
	Nautilus, [iv. 143], [149]
	Naval architecture, History of, [i. 258]
	Naval cadets, Training of, [i. 47]
	Naval flags of the world, [ii. 1]
	Naval service: officer’s life on board, [i. 214]
	Navigation Act passed by Cromwell, [ii. 30]
	Navy office established by Henry VIII., [i. 282]
	Negrelli, M. de: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal, [i. 111]
	Negroes in the West Indies, [i. 183], [185], [188]
	Nelson, Lord: his glorious career, [i. 7], [9], [10]; as a model commander; Trafalgar, [227]; career and anecdotes of, [ii. 71]; his encounter with the bear, [73]; Calvi and Bastia, loss of his eye, ib.; Battle of the Nile, burning of “L’Orient,” [74]; coffin presented to him, ib.; rewards, [75], [77]; Battle of Copenhagen, [65], [75]; portrait, [76]; his body taken to Gibraltar, [i. 96]
	as a model commander; Trafalgar, [227];
	career and anecdotes of, [ii. 71];
	his encounter with the bear, [73];
	Calvi and Bastia, loss of his eye, ib.;
	Battle of the Nile, burning of “L’Orient,” [74];
	coffin presented to him, ib.;
	rewards, [75], [77];
	Battle of Copenhagen, [65], [75];
	portrait, [76];
	his body taken to Gibraltar, [i. 96]
	Nelson’s bridge at the battle of St. Vincent, [i. 8]
	Nevada, Silver mines at, [iv. 26]
	“New Albion,” California so named by Drake, [i. 312]
	Newfoundland: possession taken by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, [i. 318]; Captain Roberts the pirate at, [iii. 63]
	Captain Roberts the pirate at, [iii. 63]
	Newhaven, [iv. 231]
	“New Holland,” early name for West Australia, [i. 151]
	New South Wales, so named by Captain Cook, [i. 152]
	Newspapers in America, [iv. 27]; in Arctic ships, [iii. 170]
	in Arctic ships, [iii. 170]
	New York, [i. 195–198]; map of the harbour, [195]; Brooklyn Bridge, [196]; the Broadway, [197]; ferry-boats, ib.; climate, [198]; view of New York Bay, [iv. 12]
	map of the harbour, [195];
	Brooklyn Bridge, [196];
	the Broadway, [197];
	ferry-boats, ib.;
	climate, [198];
	view of New York Bay, [iv. 12]
	New York to Chicago by rail, [iv. 14]
	New Zealand: Auckland, North, Middle, and Stewart’s Islands, [iv. 48]; gold-fields, [50]; war with the Maories, [51]
	gold-fields, [50];
	war with the Maories, [51]
	Niagara, [iv. 14]; the first submarine Atlantic telegraph cable, [101], [102]
	the first submarine Atlantic telegraph cable, [101], [102]
	Nicaragua: Lolonois the pirate at, [iii. 28]
	Nicuesa, Diego de: his expedition to America, [iii. 307]; his release from his creditors, [309]; quarrel with Ojeda, [311]; fight with Indians, [ib.]
	his release from his creditors, [309];
	quarrel with Ojeda, [311];
	fight with Indians, [ib.]
	Nino’s voyage to America, [iii. 303]
	Noah’s ark, [i. 258]; [iv. 56]
	Noddies and boobies taken by Bligh: mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 243], [244]
	Noel, Commander R.N.: on torpedoes, [ii. 152]
	Nombre de Dios, attacked by Drake, [i. 302]
	Nordenskjöld, Professor: discovery of the north-east passage, [iii. 159]; his Swedish Arctic expeditions, [257]; his six Arctic voyages, [274]; accomplishment of the north-east passage, [ib.]; the “Vega,” [ib.]
	his Swedish Arctic expeditions, [257];
	his six Arctic voyages, [274];
	accomplishment of the north-east passage, [ib.];
	the “Vega,” [ib.]
	Nore, mutiny of the, [i. 249], [251–256]
	Norfolk: sketches of the sea coast, [iv. 247–251]
	Norman ships, [i. 266], [268]
	North American naval station, [i. 108]
	North Cape, [iii. 169]
	North-east passage: early voyages for discovering the, [iii. 115–123], [129], [151]; the passage made by Professor Nordenskjöld, [274]; north-eastern voyages of the Dutch, [129]
	the passage made by Professor Nordenskjöld, [274];
	north-eastern voyages of the Dutch, [129]
	“Northfleet,” wreck of the, [ii. 260], [263–267]
	North polar regions, map, [iii. 89]
	North Pole: expeditions to approach it, [iii. 87]; projected passage over the Pole, [144], [151]
	projected passage over the Pole, [144], [151]
	North Star, search for Franklin, [iii. 213]
	North-west passage, [iii. 142], [143]; reward offered by Government for its discovery, [154], [155]; Sir John Ross’s expedition, [163], [205]; discovered by Sir John Franklin, [206]; found by Maclure, [212]
	reward offered by Government for its discovery, [154], [155];
	Sir John Ross’s expedition, [163], [205];
	discovered by Sir John Franklin, [206];
	found by Maclure, [212]
	Northumberland, Duke of: his interest in the Lifeboat, [ii. 211]; his prizes, [213]
	his prizes, [213]
	Northumberland, Napoleon I. on board the, [i. 213]
	Norwegians, Arctic voyages of the Vikings, [iii. 115], [116]
	Norwegian ships, ancient, [i. 90]
	Norwegian ships, sanitary arrangements, [ii. 120]
	“Novara” (Austrian frigate), deep-sea soundings, [i. 28]
	Nova Zembla, Gerrit de Veer’s Map, [iii. 131]; Barents at, [133], [137]; Henry Hudson at, [146]
	Barents at, [133], [137];
	Henry Hudson at, [146]

	Oar-weed, [iv. 200]
	Ocean, the, its Living Wonders, [iv. 111–158]. (See [Atlantic] and [Pacific].)
	(See [Atlantic] and [Pacific].)
	Ocean, Lord Collingwood’s ship, in a storm, [i. 105]
	Octopus, [iv. 148]
	Officer’s life on board a man-of-war, [i. 214]
	Officers of East Indiamen, their privileges, [ii. 14]
	Ojeda, Alonzo de, a follower of Columbus: voyages to America, [iii. 301], [304]; imprisoned by Ocampo, [306]; his escape, [305], [306]; another voyage, [309]; fight with Indians, [310], [311]; quarrel with Nicuesa, [ib.]; wounded by Indians, [312]; his strange adventures and death, [312], [313], [314]
	imprisoned by Ocampo, [306];
	his escape, [305], [306];
	another voyage, [309];
	fight with Indians, [310], [311];
	quarrel with Nicuesa, [ib.];
	wounded by Indians, [312];
	his strange adventures and death, [312], [313], [314]
	Old and young ice. (See [Ice].)
	Ommaney, Capt., search for Franklin in the Assistance, [iii. 207]
	Onions in Bermuda, [i. 190]
	Opium-eating and smoking, [iv. 38]
	Orellana, Don Josef Pizarro attacked by him, [ii. 48]
	“Orient,” steam-ship, [iv. 3]
	Osborn, Admiral Sherard, on the loss of the Captain, [i. 58]; his advocacy of Polar Exploration, [iii. 92]; his biography of Franklin, [206]; search for Franklin in the Pioneer, [207], [208], [210]
	his advocacy of Polar Exploration, [iii. 92];
	his biography of Franklin, [206];
	search for Franklin in the Pioneer, [207], [208], [210]
	Ostrich farming in South Africa, [i. 210]
	Otaheite, the crew of the Bounty at, [i. 236], [238]
	Ounimak Pass, Aleutian Islands, [i. 171]
	Owen, Professor R., F.R.S., on the Sea-serpent, [iv. 187], [188]
	Oxenham, John, his connection with Drake, [i. 303]; his embarkation on the Pacific Ocean, [304]; executed at Lima, [305]
	his embarkation on the Pacific Ocean, [304];
	executed at Lima, [305]
	Oysters, British, mentioned by Juvenal, [i. 262]; natural history and cultivation, [iv. 130–138]; dredging for oysters, [137]. (See [Pearl Oysters].)
	natural history and cultivation, [iv. 130–138];
	dredging for oysters, [137].
	(See [Pearl Oysters].)

	Pacific Ocean, its depth and other characteristics, [i. 28]; Map of Islands, [245]; discovered by Balboa, [303]; Drake’s first view of it, [289], [302]; seen by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 47]; storm in 1865, [i. 139]; “patent smoke-stack,” ib.
	Map of Islands, [245];
	discovered by Balboa, [303];
	Drake’s first view of it, [289], [302];
	seen by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 47];
	storm in 1865, [i. 139];
	“patent smoke-stack,” ib.
	Pacific Ferry, The: San Francisco to Japan and China, [iv. 31–40]; to New Zealand and Australia, [45–55]
	to New Zealand and Australia, [45–55]
	Pacific Naval Station, [i. 156]
	Pacific Railway, Life on the, [iv. 19]; scene in the Sierra Nevada mountains, [20]; snow-shed, [29]
	scene in the Sierra Nevada mountains, [20];
	snow-shed, [29]
	“Pacific” steamer lost, [ii. 108]
	Paddle-boats, History of, [ii. 77], [78]
	Padstow, Wreck at, [iv. 221]
	Paléocapa, M.: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal, [i. 111]
	Palos: departure of Columbus on his first voyage, [iii. 293]
	Panama, [i. 171]; taken and burnt by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 47–49]; Spanish ships taken by the pirate Sawkins, [iii. 51–54]; view of the town, [52]
	taken and burnt by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 47–49];
	Spanish ships taken by the pirate Sawkins, [iii. 51–54];
	view of the town, [52]
	Panama, Isthmus of, Drake at the, [i. 303]
	Pandora sent to find the mutineers of the Bounty, [i. 244]; the ship wrecked, [246]
	the ship wrecked, [246]
	“Pandora,” Cruise of the, [iii. 91–99]
	Papin: propulsion of ships, [ii. 80]
	Paraguayan torpedo blowing up a Brazilian ironclad, [ii. 154]
	Parahelia, or mock suns, [iii. 132]
	Parker, Richard, ringleader of the mutiny of the Nore, [i. 252–256]; hanged, [256]
	hanged, [256]
	Parker, Sir Peter: mutiny at Spithead, [i. 250]
	Parma, Prince of, in the Spanish Armada, [i. 284], [286], [290]
	Parr, Lieutenant, his arrival on board the Alert, [iii. 113]
	Parry, Sir. W. E.: Arctic expedition, [iii. 163], [168], [170]; boat and sledge expedition, [178]; career after his Arctic voyages, [184]; his death, [185]
	boat and sledge expedition, [178];
	career after his Arctic voyages, [184];
	his death, [185]
	Parsees, [i. 118]
	Pasley, Colonel: raising of the Royal George, [i. 62]
	Patagonia, Drake in, [i. 308]
	Payer, Lieutenant Julius, Arctic expedition of the “Germania” and “Hansa,” [iii. 259]; his discovery of coal in the Arctic regions, [267]; Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition in the “Tegethoff,” [271]; two years on an ice-floe, [ib.]; sledge expedition, [272]; discovery of Franz Josef Land, [ib.]; fall of sledge into a crevasse, [273]
	his discovery of coal in the Arctic regions, [267];
	Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition in the “Tegethoff,” [271];
	two years on an ice-floe, [ib.];
	sledge expedition, [272];
	discovery of Franz Josef Land, [ib.];
	fall of sledge into a crevasse, [273]
	Payerne’s “Submarine Hydrostats,” [iv. 86]
	Peace, Men of: naval life in peace times; the cruise of the Challenger, [i. 28]
	Pearls from America taken to Spain, [iii. 303]
	Pearl, Commodore Anson’s ship, [ii. 46], [50]
	Pearl oysters: pearls, real and artificial, [iv. 67], [68], [69]; history and practice of the pearl fishery, [70]
	history and practice of the pearl fishery, [70]
	Pearson, Captain, his ship taken by Paul Jones, [iii. 77]
	Peat-bogs, Falkland islands, [i. 177]
	Pemmican: an Arctic dinner, [iii. 210]; mode of preparing, [216]
	mode of preparing, [216]
	Penguins and their eggs, [i. 40], [41], [177]; [iii. 280]
	Penny, Captain W., search for Franklin in the “Lady Franklin,” [iii. 207], [210]
	Pensioners, Greenwich, [iv. 286]
	Penzance, [iv. 219]
	Perez, Father, his support of the plans of Columbus, [iii. 286]
	Perils of the Sailor’s Life, [i. 54], [67]
	Perim Island, in the Red Sea, [i. 117]
	Perrault, the Canadian voyageur, dividing his store with Richardson and his crew, [iii. 192]
	Peru, [i. 172]
	Peter the Great: at Amsterdam, [ii. 33–38]; portrait, [33]; in England, [38–41]; receiving a deputation, [36]; Saye’s Court, [39]; rise of St. Petersburg, [41]
	portrait, [33];
	in England, [38–41];
	receiving a deputation, [36];
	Saye’s Court, [39];
	rise of St. Petersburg, [41]
	Petersen, Christian, with Captain Nares in the Alert; his illness and death, [iii. 105]; the “Fox” Arctic expedition, [216], [218], [220], [227], [236], [241], [252]
	his illness and death, [iii. 105];
	the “Fox” Arctic expedition, [216], [218], [220], [227], [236], [241], [252]
	Petropaulovski, [i. 131], [132]; Avatcha Bay, [131]; scenery, [131], [134], [137]; town attacked by the allied fleets, [132]; double wedding, [135]
	Avatcha Bay, [131];
	scenery, [131], [134], [137];
	town attacked by the allied fleets, [132];
	double wedding, [135]
	Pett, Phineas: his improvements in war ships, [i. 232]; the Prince Royal, [ii. 22]; Royal Sovereign, [29]
	the Prince Royal, [ii. 22];
	Royal Sovereign, [29]
	Phillip, Captain, his voyage to Botany Bay, [i. 152]
	Phipps, Captain, his Arctic voyage, [iii. 154]
	Phipps, William, a fortunate diver, [iv. 80]
	Phœnician fleets, [i. 259]
	Phœnician remains in Malta, [i. 103]
	Pholades, rock-borers, [iv. 203]
	Phosphorescence of the sea, [iv. 96], [97]
	Physalia, [iv. 119], [120], [121]
	Pierre le Grand, the pirate, [iii. 7]; Spanish admiral’s ship taken by him, [8], [9], [12]
	Spanish admiral’s ship taken by him, [8], [9], [12]
	Pigeons: pigeon despatched by Sir John Ross, [iii. 211]
	“Pigeon English” in China, [i. 126]; “Chinook jargon,” [167]
	“Chinook jargon,” [167]
	Pilchards: the pilchard fishery, [iv. 173], [216]
	Pillars of Hercules, [i. 87]
	Pim, Lieut., of the Resolute, his meeting with Captain Maclure, [iii. 213]
	Pindar, his reference to the sea, [i. 2]
	Pinto, Fernando Mendez, shipwrecked in Japan, [i. 129]
	Pinzon, Vincente Yanez, his voyage to America, [iii. 303]
	Pioneer, the search for Franklin, [iii. 207], [210]
	Pipe-fish, [iv. 162], [164]
	Pipon, Capt., his discovery of the survivors of the Bounty, [i. 247], [248]
	Piracy, [ii. 235]; pirates at Singapore, [i. 146]; Scotch pirates in the 15th century, [279]; Barbary pirates, [ii. 42]; Drake as a pirate, [i. 309]; the Earl of Cumberland, [291–295]; Captains Quelch and Bellamy, and others, [ii. 63]; “Black Beard” the pirate, ib.; “The Pirates and Bucaniers,” [iii. 1–59]; their early history, [2]; Captain Jennings, [3]; Esquemeling’s account of the bucaniers, [ib.]; pirate vessels, 17th century, [4]; their mode of dividing spoils, [11], [45]; “Pirates of the 18th century,” [59–71]; female pirates, Mary Read and Anne Bonney, [iii. 69]; Shakespeare’s allusions to pirates, [iv. 294], [295]
	pirates at Singapore, [i. 146];
	Scotch pirates in the 15th century, [279];
	Barbary pirates, [ii. 42];
	Drake as a pirate, [i. 309];
	the Earl of Cumberland, [291–295];
	Captains Quelch and Bellamy, and others, [ii. 63];
	“Black Beard” the pirate, ib.;
	“The Pirates and Bucaniers,” [iii. 1–59];
	their early history, [2];
	Captain Jennings, [3];
	Esquemeling’s account of the bucaniers, [ib.];
	pirate vessels, 17th century, [4];
	their mode of dividing spoils, [11], [45];
	“Pirates of the 18th century,” [59–71];
	female pirates, Mary Read and Anne Bonney, [iii. 69];
	Shakespeare’s allusions to pirates, [iv. 294], [295]
	Pitcairn Island: survivors and descendants of the mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 247–249]
	Pitt, William, of Jamaica, his song on sailors, [i. 42]
	Pittsburg, [iv. 14]
	Pizarro, Francisco, voyage with Ojeda, [iii. 309]
	Pizarro, Don Josef: disasters of his fleet, [ii. 47]
	Plagues in the 14th and 15th centuries, [i. 91]
	Plimsoll, Samuel: portrait, [ii. 112]; unseaworthy ships; his efforts, [ii. 113]
	unseaworthy ships; his efforts, [ii. 113]
	Plover: search for Sir John Franklin, Plover Bay, [i. 138]: [iii. 156], [207], [211]; village at Plover Bay, [156]
	village at Plover Bay, [156]
	Plymouth, [iv. 224]
	Plymouth Adventurers, [ii. 11]
	Plymouth Breakwater, [ii. 192]
	Plymouth men lost in the Captain, [i. 55]
	Pniel, South Africa, diamond fields, [i. 210]
	Poe, Edgar Allan, his story of a descent into the Maelström, [iv. 94]
	Poets on the Sea, the Sailor, and the Ship, [iv. 290–304]
	Point-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe, [i. 186]
	Polar bears. (See [Bears].)
	Polar region: extent of our knowledge, [iii. 86]; a fabulous account, [87–91]; theory of a Polar Sea, [255], [257]
	a fabulous account, [87–91];
	theory of a Polar Sea, [255], [257]
	“Polaris:” Capt. Hall’s Arctic expedition, [iii. 268]; the ship run ashore, [270]
	the ship run ashore, [270]
	Polaris Bay, [iii. 107]
	Polynesia, Map of the islands of the Pacific, [i. 245]
	Ponce de Leon, conqueror of Porto Rico and discoverer of Florida, [iii. 314]; search for a miraculous fountain, [315]; Tortugas discovered by him, [ib.]
	search for a miraculous fountain, [315];
	Tortugas discovered by him, [ib.]
	Pontoppidan, Bishop: the sea-serpent, [iv. 184]
	Porcupine, Scientific cruise of the, [i. 30]
	Port Elizabeth, Cape of Good Hope, [i. 204]
	Porter’s torpedo-boat, [ii. 153], [154]
	Port Fleetwood lighthouse, [ii. 182]
	Port Foulke, Dr. Hayes’ winter quarters, [iii. 256]
	Port Jackson, Australia, [i. 152], [154]
	Portland: fortifications, [ii. 195]; the Verne, [196]
	the Verne, [196]
	Portland Breakwater: convict labour, [ii. 191], [193], [195]
	Port Philip, South Australia, [i. 155]
	Port Royal, Jamaica, [i. 183]
	Port Saïd, [i. 110], [113]
	Portsmouth, Mutiny at, [i. 225], [251]
	Port of Spain, Trinidad, [i. 179]
	Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, [i. 176], [178]
	Portuguese exploration: King John of Portugal and Bartholomew Diaz, [iii. 281], [284]; Columbus, [284]; Vasco da Gama, [298]
	Columbus, [284];
	Vasco da Gama, [298]
	Portuguese man-of-war, [iv. 119]
	Portuguez the pirate, [iii. 13]; his escape, [13], [14]
	his escape, [13], [14]
	Possession Island, Australia, [i. 152]; [iii. 280]
	Prahus of the Malay Archipelago, [i. 149]
	Prairie on fire, [iv. 22]
	Prairie schooners, [iv. 18], [22]
	Prawns, [iv. 157]
	Praya diphyes, a Medusa, [iv. 117]
	“President,” devoted to the Naval Artillery Volunteers, [i. 234]
	Press-gangs, [i. 43]
	Pricket, Abacuk: his account of the mutiny against and abandonment of Hudson, [iii. 147]
	Primrose, Joseph, a minister on board the “Polly”: his trials, [i. 223]
	Prince Royal, built for James II., [ii. 22]
	“Princess Alice” lost in the Thames, [iv. 282]
	“Princess Alice” on Goodwin Sands, [ii. 251]
	Pringle, Admiral: mutiny at the Cape, [i. 256]
	Printing presses in Arctic ships, [iii. 103]
	Protozoa, [iv. 111]
	Pteropoda, [iv. 139], [142]
	Puerto Bello taken by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 33]
	Pullen, Captain: search for Franklin in the Herald, [iii. 211]; in the North Star, [213]
	in the North Star, [213]
	Pullman railway car, [iv. 16]
	Purpura lapillus: a univalve shell, [iv. 145]

	Quarles, Francis; lines on the sea, [iv. 290]
	Quatrefages, M.: the lighthouse of Héhaux, Brittany, [ii. 178]; Hydrozoa, [iv. 118]
	Hydrozoa, [iv. 118]
	Queen Charlotte’s Island, [i. 167]
	“Quieda Merchant,” Moorish ship, taken by Captain Kidd, [iii. 57]

	Rae, W. F.: his account of California, [i. 158]; the Rocky Mountains, [iv. 21]
	the Rocky Mountains, [iv. 21]
	Rae, Dr.: relics of Franklin’s last voyage found by him, [iii. 215]
	Raffles, Sir Stamford, at Singapore, [i. 143]
	Rafts: timber-rafts at Singapore, [i. 146]; raft of the “Medusa,” [i. 76–82]; Géricault’s painting, [81]; foundering of the “Arctic,” [ii. 108]
	raft of the “Medusa,” [i. 76–82];
	Géricault’s painting, [81];
	foundering of the “Arctic,” [ii. 108]
	Rain in the Arctic regions, [iii. 182]
	Raleigh, Sir Walter: the Spanish Armada, [i. 285]; colonisation and trade with America, [315]; Queen Elizabeth’s patronage, [316]; “Bark Raleigh,” ib.; colonisation of Virginia, [ii. 2]; search for El Dorado, [4]; arrival at Trinidad, [4], [33]; portrait, [5]; mountains of Guiana; river Orinoco, [8]; fabulous tales, ib.; his observations on trade and the state of the navy, [10]
	colonisation and trade with America, [315];
	Queen Elizabeth’s patronage, [316];
	“Bark Raleigh,” ib.;
	colonisation of Virginia, [ii. 2];
	search for El Dorado, [4];
	arrival at Trinidad, [4], [33];
	portrait, [5];
	mountains of Guiana; river Orinoco, [8];
	fabulous tales, ib.;
	his observations on trade and the state of the navy, [10]
	Ralph the Rover: the bell of the Inchcape Rock, [ii. 173]
	Rams of ironclads: loss of the Vanguard and “Grosser Kurfürst,” [ii. 155]
	Ramsay, David, patents for steam-ships, [ii. 79]
	Ramsgate: [iv. 241]; wrecks on the Goodwin Sands, [ii. 212–235]; map of Ramsgate and the Goodwin Sands at low water, [252]
	wrecks on the Goodwin Sands, [ii. 212–235];
	map of Ramsgate and the Goodwin Sands at low water, [252]
	Ramsgate Life-boat and the “Aid” steam-tug, [ii. 215]
	“Ranger,” Paul Jones’s ship, [iii. 72], [75]
	Rats on board ship, [i. 222]; on the sea-coast, [iv. 197]; on Looe Island, [214]
	on the sea-coast, [iv. 197];
	on Looe Island, [214]
	Raw meat: its medicinal value in Arctic regions, [iii. 244]
	Rawson, Lieut., in Arctic exploration, [iii. 102], [105], [106], [107]
	Razor-fish, [iv. 128], [129]
	Red-hot shot, first record of, [i. 91]; at Sebastopol, [16]; at Gibraltar, [16], [18]
	at Sebastopol, [16];
	at Gibraltar, [16], [18]
	Red Sea, [i. 115]; passage of the Israelites, ib.; its name; coral and animalculæ, [117]; islands, ib.
	passage of the Israelites, ib.;
	its name; coral and animalculæ, [117];
	islands, ib.
	Redoubtable, at Trafalgar, [i. 10], [11], [12]
	Reed, Sir E. J.: cost of ironclad war-ships, [i. 14]; designer of the Iron Duke and Vanguard, [67]; big guns and armour plates, [6]; “Our Ironclad Ships,” [ii. 144], [146]
	designer of the Iron Duke and Vanguard, [67];
	big guns and armour plates, [6];
	“Our Ironclad Ships,” [ii. 144], [146]
	Reindeer in Spitzbergen, [iii. 167]; at Hammerfest, [179]; venison, [246]
	at Hammerfest, [179];
	venison, [246]
	Relics brought back by the Franklin search expedition, [iii. 229]
	Renaud, M.: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal, [i. 110]
	Rendel, J. R., C.E.: his co-operation in the Suez Canal, [i. 110]; Portland breakwater, [ii. 194]
	Portland breakwater, [ii. 194]
	Rennie, James: his advocacy of steam war-vessels, [ii. 98]
	Rennie, John: the Bell Rock lighthouse, [ii. 173], [176]; Plymouth breakwater, [190]; his use of the diving bell, [iv. 81]
	Plymouth breakwater, [190];
	his use of the diving bell, [iv. 81]
	Rensselaer Harbour: winter quarters of Dr. Kane in the “Advance,” [iii. 235]
	Rescue: the search for Franklin, [iii. 214]
	Resolute: the search for Franklin, [iii. 207]
	Resolution: Arctic voyages, [iii. 155]
	Resolution and Adventure: Captain Cook’s voyage of discovery, [iii. 277]
	Restoration Island named by Lieutenant Bligh: mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 244]
	Reticulosa, [iv. 111]
	Reynaud, M.: Héhaux lighthouse, Brittany, [ii. 178–181]
	Rhizopoda, [iv. 111]
	Rhodosperms, [iv. 200]
	Richard I., first maritime code, [i. 268]; laws against wrecking, [ii. 237]
	laws against wrecking, [ii. 237]
	Richardson, Sir John: portrait, [iii. 185]; his adventure with wolves, [189], [190]; his attempt to swim the Coppermine River, [iii. 191], [193]
	his adventure with wolves, [189], [190];
	his attempt to swim the Coppermine River, [iii. 191], [193]
	Riou, Capt., his death at Copenhagen, [i. 152]
	Roanoake; its colonisation, [ii. 2]
	“Roanoake,” [i. 20]
	Robber crab, [iv. 152]
	“Robert J. Stockton,” iron steam-ship, [ii. 103], [104]
	Roberts, Captain Bartholomew, the pirate, [iii. 63], [64]
	Roberts, Lady: her help in the wreck of the “Killarney,” [ii. 314], [317]
	Robin Hood’s Bay, [iv. 256]
	Robinson Crusoe: the island of Juan Fernandez, [i. 33–36]
	“Rob Roy:” Napier’s steam-vessel, [ii. 98]
	Rock-borers, [iv. 203]
	Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Railway, [iv. 21]
	Rodney’s naval victory, [i. 186]
	Rôles d’Oleron: laws against wrecking, [ii. 237]
	Roman ships and galleys, [i. 261]
	Ronayne, John: his bravery in saving life, [ii. 257–261]
	Rooke, Sir George: Gibraltar taken by him, [i. 94]
	Rose, Richard: his life-buoy seat, [iv. 262]
	Ross, Sir John: portrait, [iii. 161]; his Arctic voyages, [163]; his voyage in the Victory, [186]; search for Franklin in the Felix, [207]
	his Arctic voyages, [163];
	his voyage in the Victory, [186];
	search for Franklin in the Felix, [207]
	Ross, Sir James Clarke: Arctic voyage, [iii. 163]; Arctic exploration, [179], [181], [184]; discovery of the magnetic pole, [187]; “Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [216], [225]; discovery of the South Polar Land; Victoria Land, Possession Island, and Mount Erebus, [280]
	Arctic exploration, [179], [181], [184];
	discovery of the magnetic pole, [187];
	“Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [216], [225];
	discovery of the South Polar Land; Victoria Land, Possession Island, and Mount Erebus, [280]
	“Rothsay Castle,” wreck of the, [ii. 288], [297–304]
	Round the World on a Man-of-war, [i. 87–214]
	“Round the World in Eighty Days,” [iv. 1]
	Royal George, loss of the, [i. 59–62]; its removal by Colonel Pasley, [62]; diving operations, [iv. 86]
	its removal by Colonel Pasley, [62];
	diving operations, [iv. 86]
	Royal Humane Society, [iv. 263]
	Royal Observatory, Greenwich, [iv. 278–282]
	Royal Sovereign, Charles I.’s ship, [ii. 29]
	Royal Sovereign, [i. 5]
	Rudyerd, John, second Eddystone Lighthouse, [ii. 161]; destroyed by fire, [160], [163]; death of a keeper, ib.
	destroyed by fire, [160], [163];
	death of a keeper, ib.
	Russell, J. Scott, F.R.S., “The Fleet of the Future: Iron or Wood,” [i. 85]; [ii. 101]; portrait, [129]; construction of the “Great Eastern,” [130]
	portrait, [129];
	construction of the “Great Eastern,” [130]
	Russian America, Alaska, [i. 169], [170]
	Russian Arctic Explorations, [iii. 185]
	Russian attempts to discover the north-west passage, [iii. 159]; Russian Arctic voyages, [159–162]
	Russian Arctic voyages, [159–162]
	Russian ironclads, [i. 83]

	Saba Island, West Indies, [i. 185]
	Sabine; Arctic expedition, [iii. 163], [170]
	Saïd Pacha and M. de Lesseps, [i. 108]
	Sailors: Lascars, Malays, and Kanakas, [i. 43]; Devonshire boys on training ships, [46]; rating of sailors (able, ordinary, and boys), [51]; their hardships, [53]; flogging, [51–53]; perils of the sailor’s life, [54]; their conduct on board the Terror, [iii. 199]. (See [Discipline].)
	Devonshire boys on training ships, [46];
	rating of sailors (able, ordinary, and boys), [51];
	their hardships, [53];
	flogging, [51–53];
	perils of the sailor’s life, [54];
	their conduct on board the Terror, [iii. 199].
	(See [Discipline].)
	St. Catherine’s Island, taken by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 45]
	St. Domingo: drawing by Columbus of its discovery, [iii. 292]; early gold-washing at, [293]; war, mutiny, and famine, [295]; Diego Columbus made governor, [308]
	early gold-washing at, [293];
	war, mutiny, and famine, [295];
	Diego Columbus made governor, [308]
	St. Elias, Mount, Alaska, [i. 170]
	St. George’s Island, Bermuda, [i. 187], [189]
	St. Helena, [i. 212], [213]
	St. John’s, Newfoundland: possession taken by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, [i. 318]
	St. Juan de Ulloa, Sir John Hawkins’s action at, [i. 299], [301]
	“St. Lawrence,” [i. 20]
	St. Lucia, [i. 187]
	St. Paul’s travels; his shipwreck at Malta, [i. 103], [104]
	“St. Valentine,” treasure-ship, taken by Monson, [ii. 21]
	St. Vincent, Battle of, [i. 7], [8], [9]
	St. Vincent, Lord: suppression of the mutiny on the St. George, [i. 256]; portrait, [257]
	portrait, [257]
	Salmon, the, its natural history, [iv. 163–168]; parr, smolt, grilse, [ib.]; abundance of its ova, [164]; tinned salmon from America, [166]
	parr, smolt, grilse, [ib.];
	abundance of its ova, [164];
	tinned salmon from America, [166]
	Salmon: fisheries of California, Vancouver’s Island, British Columbia, Alaska, [i. 164], [168], [170], [171], [202]; mode of curing, [iv. 167]; salmon leaps, [ib.]
	mode of curing, [iv. 167];
	salmon leaps, [ib.]
	Saltness of the sea, [i. 87], [97]; [iv. 90]
	Salt Lake, Great; Salt Lake City, [iv. 23]; Cape Douglas garrison, [24], [25]; street in the city, [25]
	Cape Douglas garrison, [24], [25];
	street in the city, [25]
	Salvador, [i. 8]
	“Salvador del Mundi,” [i. 9]
	“Samaritano,” wrecked on the Goodwin Sands; Margate and Ramsgate lifeboats, [ii. 217–223]
	Samphire, [iv. 231], [233]
	Sandgate: loss of the “Grosser Kurfürst,” [iv. 238]
	Sandwich: seal of the town, [i. 274]
	Sandwich in the mutiny of the Nore, [i. 252]
	Sandwich Islands: Honolulu; the king, [iv. 45]; the ex-queen Emma, [46]; sugar cultivation, [ib.]; volcanoes, [47]
	the ex-queen Emma, [46];
	sugar cultivation, [ib.];
	volcanoes, [47]
	Sandy Hook Light, New York, [i. 196]
	San Francisco: the bay; its entrance, the “Golden Gate,” [i. 157]; the city, [158]; its history, ib.; society, [161]; view of the bay, [160]; a timber wharf, [156]; “John Chinaman” in San Francisco, [161]; Chinese theatres, ib.; earthquakes, [162]; [iv. 29], [30]; Drake at, [i. 313]
	the city, [158];
	its history, ib.;
	society, [161];
	view of the bay, [160];
	a timber wharf, [156];
	“John Chinaman” in San Francisco, [161];
	Chinese theatres, ib.;
	earthquakes, [162]; [iv. 29], [30];
	Drake at, [i. 313]
	San Joseph, [i. 8]
	San Juan Island, [i. 166]; British camp, [i. 165]
	British camp, [i. 165]
	“San Nicolas,” [i. 8]
	San Salvador, the first land in the New World discovered by Columbus, [iii. 288]
	Santangel, his support of the plans of Columbus, [iii. 286]
	Santiago, [i. 172]
	“Santissima Trinidada,” [i. 8], [10]
	Saracens, their ships, [i. 269]
	Sardines: mode of fishing for, [iv. 174]
	“Savannah,” the Atlantic first crossed by her, [ii. 105]
	Saving life at sea. (See [Hovellers], [Life], and [Lifeboats].)
	Saw-fish, [iv. 162]
	Sawkins, Captain, the pirate, [iii. 51–55]
	Scaliger, J. C.: history of paddle-boats, [ii. 78]
	Scallops, [iv. 138], [140]
	Scammon, Captain, soundings in Behring Sea, [i. 138]
	Scandinavian early explorers of the Arctic regions, [iii. 116]
	Scarborough: [iv. 253]; shipwrecks, loss of the “Coupland,” [254]
	shipwrecks, loss of the “Coupland,” [254]
	“Schiller,” loss of the, [ii. 267]
	School on board the “Fox” in the Arctic regions, [iii. 219]
	Scilly Islands, [ii. 268–270]
	Scoresby: changes in the Greenland ice-fields, [iii. 163], [178]
	Scotland, pearl fisheries of, [iv. 71]
	Scott, Mr.: buried at sea in the “Fox” Arctic expedition, [iii. 221]
	Screw-propeller, history of its invention, [ii. 102]
	Screw steamer, plan and section of stern, [ii. 101]
	Scurvy: on board in Anson’s fleet, [ii. 50], [119]; in the expedition of the Alert and Discovery, [iii. 106], [107], [111], [114]; in Munk’s Arctic voyage, [150]; in Vitus Behring, Ischirikoff, and Parry’s voyages, [161], [162], [176]; in Dr. Kane’s expedition, [239]
	in the expedition of the Alert and Discovery, [iii. 106], [107], [111], [114];
	in Munk’s Arctic voyage, [150];
	in Vitus Behring, Ischirikoff, and Parry’s voyages, [161], [162], [176];
	in Dr. Kane’s expedition, [239]
	Sea, the: its living wonders, [iv. 111]; its saltness, agitation, and waves, [iv. 90]; the Gulf Stream, [91]; tides, [92]; its colour and phosphorescence, [96], [97]
	its saltness, agitation, and waves, [iv. 90];
	the Gulf Stream, [91];
	tides, [92];
	its colour and phosphorescence, [96], [97]
	Sea-anemones, [iv. 123], [196–198]
	Sea coasts: “Sketches of our Coasts,” Cornwall, [iv. 207–225]; South coasts, [225–247]; East coasts, Norfolk, Yorkshire, [247]
	South coasts, [225–247];
	East coasts, Norfolk, Yorkshire, [247]
	Sea of Ancient Ice, voyage of the Alert, [iii. 101]
	Sea-cucumber, [iv. 126], [128]
	Sea-elephants, [i. 34]; [iii. 279]
	Sea-shore: “By the Sea-shore,” [iv. 190–207]; calm and storm, [192]
	calm and storm, [192]
	“Sea-goers” in guard-ships, [i. 45]
	Sea-horse, [iii. 155], [156]; [iv. 162]
	Sea-lion, [iv. 188]
	Seamen. (See [Sailors].)
	Sea-monsters, fabulous, [i. 31]
	Sea-polyps from the Atlantic: voyage of the Challenger, [i. 31]
	Sea-serpent: various accounts of it, drawings, conjectures, and probabilities, [iv. 184–190]
	Sea-sickness, [i. 50]
	Sea-sickness and remedies, [iv. 6], [7]
	Sea songs and poems, by Dibdin and others, [i. 8], [42]; [iv. 298–304]
	Sea-trees, Falkland Islands, [i. 178]
	Sea-urchins, sea-slugs, [iv. 125]
	Sea-weeds, [iv. 200]
	Seal of the town of Sandwich, [i. 274]
	Seals: on inaccessible island, [i. 40]; their flesh as food, [iii. 94], [217–219], [251]
	their flesh as food, [iii. 94], [217–219], [251]
	Sebastopol, siege and bombardment of, [i. 14], [15]
	Selkirk, Alexander, on the island of Juan Fernandez, [i. 33]
	Selkirk, Lady: plate taken from her by Paul Jones, [iii. 73], [74]; returned five years afterwards, [75]
	returned five years afterwards, [75]
	“Serapis” taken by Paul Jones, [iii. 77]
	Seton, Major: loss of the “Birkenhead,” [i. 71]
	Severn: Commodore Anson’s ship, [ii. 46], [50]
	“Shah” and “Huascar:” action between them, [i. 26]
	Shakespeare’s allusions to the sea, [iv. 291–295]; “The Tempest,” [292]; “Merchant of Venice,” [294]; “Measure for Measure,” Henry VI. part ii., “Richard III.,” “Pericles,” “Cymbeline,” “Antony and Cleopatra,” “Hamlet,” [295]
	“The Tempest,” [292];
	“Merchant of Venice,” [294];
	“Measure for Measure,” Henry VI. part ii., “Richard III.,” “Pericles,” “Cymbeline,” “Antony and Cleopatra,” “Hamlet,” [295]
	Shakespeare’s Cliff, [iv. 240]
	Shanghai, [i. 122], [125]
	Sharks and Shark Fishing, [iv. 160]; common shark; tiger shark, [161]; the shark worshipped in Africa, [162]
	common shark; tiger shark, [161];
	the shark worshipped in Africa, [162]
	Sharp, Captain, the pirate, [iii. 55]
	Shells, Univalve, [iv. 139]
	“Shenandoah:” her exploits in the American war, [i. 139]; American whale ships burnt, [iii. 157]
	American whale ships burnt, [iii. 157]
	Sheshaldinski, Peak of, Aleutian Islands, [i. 171]
	Ships and shipping interests, History of, [i. 258]–[ii. 156]
	Ship-building, History of. (See [Naval Architecture].)
	Ship-money raised by Charles I., [ii. 28]
	Shipwrecks and their lessons, [ii. 297]
	Shipwrecks; Falconer’s poem, [iv. 297]
	Shipwrecked Mariners’ Society, [iv. 226], [249], [258], [272]
	Shrimps, [iv. 158]
	Sieges of Gibraltar, [i. 90]
	Sierra Leone, [i. 202], [204]; Drake at, [314]
	Drake at, [314]
	Sierra Nevada, [iv. 20], [27], [28]; snow-shed, [29]
	snow-shed, [29]
	Siffante, south-west wind, [i. 107]
	Signals of distress, [ii. 266], [275]; [iv. 289]; necessity for electric communication, [ii. 277]
	necessity for electric communication, [ii. 277]
	Sigurd, King, the crusader, at Gibraltar, [i. 90]
	Silver Mines in Nevada, [iv. 26]
	Simon’s Town, Cape of Good Hope, [i. 206]
	Singapore, [i. 143]; spices, foliage, fruit, climate, [145], [146]; scenery and commerce, [147]; new harbour, [146], [147]; corals, [150]; Kling gharry drivers, [150]; tiger hunting, ib.; views, [152], [153]
	spices, foliage, fruit, climate, [145], [146];
	scenery and commerce, [147];
	new harbour, [146], [147];
	corals, [150];
	Kling gharry drivers, [150];
	tiger hunting, ib.;
	views, [152], [153]
	Singhapura, Strait pirates, [i. 146]
	Sinope, Battle of, [i. 15]
	Siren signals, [iv. 289]
	“Sirius,” [ii. 106]
	Sirocco, [i. 107]
	Sitka, the capital of Alaska, [i. 169], [170]
	Skeletons of Franklin’s crews found by McClintock, [iii. 230]
	Skerryvore Lighthouse, [ii. 175–178]
	Slave-trade: established, [i. 295]; slaves taken by Sir John Hawkins, ib.; the African Company, [ii. 33]; views of Columbus on slavery, [iii. 295], [302]; slaves from America taken to Spain by Columbus and others, [295], [302], [307]
	slaves taken by Sir John Hawkins, ib.;
	the African Company, [ii. 33];
	views of Columbus on slavery, [iii. 295], [302];
	slaves from America taken to Spain by Columbus and others, [295], [302], [307]
	Sledges in Arctic exploration, [iii. 99–114], [133;] sledge journeys by McClintock, [iii. 225]; by Morton, in Dr. Kane’s Arctic expedition, [239]; by Dr. Kane’s, [248]; by Capt. Parry’s, [179]; by Lieut. Payer’s, [272]
	sledge journeys by McClintock, [iii. 225];
	by Morton, in Dr. Kane’s Arctic expedition, [239];
	by Dr. Kane’s, [248];
	by Capt. Parry’s, [179];
	by Lieut. Payer’s, [272]
	Sleep in the Arctic regions, [iii. 251]
	Sleepy comfort of freezing: Dr. Kane’s experience, [iii. 237]
	Slip water bottles, for deep-sea sounding, [i. 29], [38]
	Smeaton, John: biographical notice, [ii. 164]; third Eddystone lighthouse, [165]; portrait, [170]; diving bell, [iv. 81]
	third Eddystone lighthouse, [165];
	portrait, [170];
	diving bell, [iv. 81]
	Smiles, Samuel: Smeaton and the Eddystone Lighthouse, [ii. 164], [170]; Plymouth Breakwater, [191]
	Plymouth Breakwater, [191]
	Smith, Sir Sidney, [i. 6]
	Smith, William, Discovery of South Polar Land, [iii. 278]
	Smith’s Sound, view in, [iii. 149]; discovered by Baffin, [150]; explored by Dr. Kane, [233]
	discovered by Baffin, [150];
	explored by Dr. Kane, [233]
	“Smoke-stack, Patent,” on the “G. S. Wright,” [i. 141]
	Smuggling, [iv. 210], [234]
	Smyth, Rear-Admiral: “The Mediterranean,” [i. 87]
	Snow and ice: on American railways, [iv. 21], [28]; at Plover Bay, [i. 139]; crimson snow, [iii. 164]. (And see [Ice].)
	at Plover Bay, [i. 139];
	crimson snow, [iii. 164].
	(And see [Ice].)
	Snow-blindness, [iii. 179], [182], [239]
	Snow houses, [iii. 244]
	Snow village in Greenland, [iii. 173], [174]
	“Sofia,” Swedish Arctic expedition, [iii. 257]
	Soldier crab, [iv. 154]
	Soldiers at sea; burning of the “Kent,” [i. 69], [70], [72;] loss of the “Birkenhead,” [74], [75]; wreck of the “Medusa,” [77], [78], [79], [80]
	loss of the “Birkenhead,” [74], [75];
	wreck of the “Medusa,” [77], [78], [79], [80]
	Solen or razor-fish, [iv. 128], [129]
	Songs, Naval, [i. 42], [43]
	“Souffleur, The,” or the Blower. Mauritius, [iv. 95]
	Southampton, [iv. 225]
	South-east American Station, [i. 175]
	South Sea Bubble, [ii. 42–44]
	South Virginia Company: colonisation of America, [ii. 11]
	Southey’s “Life of Nelson,” [i. 8], [10]; “British Admirals,” [274], [275], [278]; defeat of the Armada, [290]; Sir John Hawkins and the slave-trade, [298]; Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, [314]; anecdotes of Drake, [315]; exploits of Sir William Monson, [ii. 19]; sea anemones, [iv. 197]
	“British Admirals,” [274], [275], [278];
	defeat of the Armada, [290];
	Sir John Hawkins and the slave-trade, [298];
	Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, [314];
	anecdotes of Drake, [315];
	exploits of Sir William Monson, [ii. 19];
	sea anemones, [iv. 197]
	Sovereign of the Seas, launched by Phineas Pett, [i. 232]
	Spalding’s diving-bell, its failure, and his death, [iv. 81]
	Spanish Armada defeated, [i. 283–291]
	Spanish galleons taken during the Commonwealth, [ii. 31]; taken by Alison, [59–61]; [iii. 3]
	taken by Alison, [59–61]; [iii. 3]
	Spanish expedition to El Dorado, [ii. 9]
	Speedy, commanded by Admiral Cochrane, [i. 219]; action with the Spanish frigate “Gamo,” ib.
	action with the Spanish frigate “Gamo,” ib.
	Spiders in ships, [i. 221]
	Spinola: action at Cerimbra Roads, [ii. 19], [21]
	Spinous cockle, [iv. 204]
	Spithead, mutiny at, [i. 251]
	Spitzbergen: discovery of, [iii. 142]; Magdalena Bay, [166], [167]; animal life in, [167], [257]
	Magdalena Bay, [166], [167];
	animal life in, [167], [257]
	Spolasco, Dr.: wreck of the “Killarney,” [ii. 305]
	Spondylus, [iv. 138], [140]
	Sponges: “Venus’s Flower-basket,” [i. 30], [32]; sponge fishing off the coast of Greece, [iv. 65], [77]
	sponge fishing off the coast of Greece, [iv. 65], [77]
	Sprat, [iv. 173]
	Spray of the ocean, [iv. 92]
	Spry, W. J. J., R.N.: cruise of the Challenger, [i. 28]
	Squat lobsters, [iv. 158]
	“Squirrel,” Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s ship, [i. 318]
	Stables, Dr., R.N., on the punishment of the “cat,” [i. 52], [53]; “Medical Life in the Navy,” [i. 220]
	“Medical Life in the Navy,” [i. 220]
	Staines, Sir Thomas: his discovery of the survivors of the Bounty, [i. 247], [248]
	Stamp Act in America, [ii. 66]
	Star-fish from the Atlantic; voyage of the Challenger, [i. 31]; [iv. 125], [128]
	Stations, Naval: American, [i. 102]; Pacific, [156]; Australian, [119], [131], [150]; China, [119], [137]; East India, [119]; Southeast American, [175]; West Indian, [178]; North American, [198]; African, [202]
	Pacific, [156];
	Australian, [119], [131], [150];
	China, [119], [137];
	East India, [119];
	Southeast American, [175];
	West Indian, [178];
	North American, [198];
	African, [202]
	Steam-power essential in deep-sea sounding, [i. 29], [30]
	Steam as a motive-power for ships: early history, [ii. 79–97]
	Steam-ships first used for Arctic exploration, [iii. 186]
	Steam war-ships first introduced, [i. 225]
	Steel ships, [i. 84]
	Stephens, F. G.: “History of Gibraltar and its Sieges,” [i. 90]
	Stephenson, Captain H. F.: winter quarters of the Discovery, [iii. 100], [101]; Alert and Discovery expedition, [iii. 92]
	Alert and Discovery expedition, [iii. 92]
	Stevenson, Allan: the Skerryvore lighthouse, [ii. 175–178]; revolving and other lights, [186]
	revolving and other lights, [186]
	Stevenson, Robert, Rennie’s assistant at the Bell Rock Lighthouse, [ii. 175]
	Stewart, Captain A.: search for Franklin, [iii. 207]
	Stirling, J. D. Morriss, on the sea-serpent, [iv. 187], [189]
	Storms: the great gale of 1703; Defoe’s account, [ii. 199–209]; other accounts, [201], [202], [203]; “The Storm,” “After the Storm,” and other illustrations, [iv. 292], [293], [296], [297], [300], [301]
	Defoe’s account, [ii. 199–209];
	other accounts, [201], [202], [203];
	“The Storm,” “After the Storm,” and other illustrations, [iv. 292], [293], [296], [297], [300], [301]
	Straits of Gibraltar: scenery, [i. 97]
	Stratford de Redcliffe, Viscount: his verses on the lifeboat, [ii. 211]
	Strombus, a univalve shell, [iv. 144]
	Sturgeon and its roe; caviare, [iv. 162]
	Submarine telegraph cables, [iv. 98]
	Submerged forest, [iv. 199]
	Suez, [i. 110], [114], [115]
	Suez Canal: procession of ships at its opening, [i. 97]; M. de Lesseps’ published works on the Canal; its origin and completion, [i. 107–115]; statistics, [115]; bird’s-eye view, [109]
	M. de Lesseps’ published works on the Canal; its origin and completion, [i. 107–115];
	statistics, [115];
	bird’s-eye view, [109]
	Sugar plantations, Jamaica, [i. 183]
	Sun, The. (See [Mock Suns].)
	Sun at midnight in the Arctic regions, [iii. 264]
	“Sunbeam:” voyage of circumnavigation, [iv. 40]; [61], [62]
	Sun-fish, [iv. 162], [164]
	Sunshine in the Polar regions, [iii. 109]
	Surgeons in the navy, [i. 52]
	Swallow, [i. 7]
	Swallow, Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s ship, [i. 318]
	Swamped at sea: loss of the “London,” [ii. 289], [290–297]
	Swedish Arctic expeditions, [iii. 257]
	Swedish ships: sanitary arrangements, [ii. 120]
	Sword-fish, and mode of fishing for it, [iv. 177], [178]
	Sydney, South Australia, [i. 154]; its natural productions, ib.; the Domain; the botanic garden, [155]; [iv. 52]
	its natural productions, ib.;
	the Domain; the botanic garden, [155]; [iv. 52]
	Symington, William: steam navigation, [ii. 82]; his experiments, [83], [84], [92]; portrait, [85]
	his experiments, [83], [84], [92];
	portrait, [85]
	Symons, Captain, lost in the “Amazon,” [ii. 278], [282]

	Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, [i. 207]
	Tallack, W.: “Malta under the Phœnicians, Knights, and English,” [i. 98]
	Tandon, Moquin, on sea-monsters, [i. 31]
	Tasman: his discovery of Tasmania, [i. 151]; discovery of New Zealand, [iv. 51]; the Maories, [ib.]
	discovery of New Zealand, [iv. 51];
	the Maories, [ib.]
	Taylor, James: steam navigation, [ii. 81], [83]
	Tchuktchi Indians: [iii. 158]; building a hut, [157]; Professor Nordenskjöld at a Tchuktchi village, [275]
	building a hut, [157];
	Professor Nordenskjöld at a Tchuktchi village, [275]
	Tea in Chili, [i. 175]; Japanese, [i. 133]; [iv. 43]
	Japanese, [i. 133]; [iv. 43]
	Tea tax in America, [ii. 67–69], [72]; thrown overboard, [69], [72]
	thrown overboard, [69], [72]
	“Tegethoff:” Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition, [iii. 271]; two years on an ice-floe, [ib.]; the ship abandoned, [274]
	two years on an ice-floe, [ib.];
	the ship abandoned, [274]
	Telegraphy: submarine cables, [iv. 98]
	Telescope, equatorial, at the Observatory, Greenwich, [iv. 218]
	Téméraire, [i. 5], [10], [11]; her engines, [i. 225]
	her engines, [i. 225]
	Temperature: of the depths of the sea, [i. 30]; of the Atlantic Ocean, [37]; extreme cold in the Arctic regions, [iii. 103], [105], [111], [135], [136], [171], [225], [236], [237], [276]
	of the Atlantic Ocean, [37];
	extreme cold in the Arctic regions, [iii. 103], [105], [111], [135], [136], [171], [225], [236], [237], [276]
	Tenney, Matthew: his heroism on board the Cumberland, [i. 22]
	Teredo, [iv. 128]
	Ternati, Drake at, [i. 312], [313]
	Terror and Erebus among the icebergs, [iii. 193], [197]
	Terror: voyage of the Terror under Captain Back, [196]; the ship nipped in the ice, [204]; Franklin’s last expedition, [207]; discovery of relics, [227], [230]
	the ship nipped in the ice, [204];
	Franklin’s last expedition, [207];
	discovery of relics, [227], [230]
	Thames: Great Storm of 1703, [ii. 204]; poetry of the, [iv. 272]
	poetry of the, [iv. 272]
	Theatre at Lima, [i. 172]
	Theatres, Chinese, in San Francisco, [i. 161]
	Theatricals: on the “Great Britain,” [iv. 34]; “Royal Arctic Theatres” on the Alert and Discovery, [iii. 103]; on other Arctic ships, [170]
	“Royal Arctic Theatres” on the Alert and Discovery, [iii. 103];
	on other Arctic ships, [170]
	“Thémistocle,” [i. 7]
	Thermometers for deep-sea sounding, [i. 30], [37], [38]
	Thirst, sufferings from, [ii. 16]
	Thomas, Captain, lost in the “Schiller,” [ii. 267], [270]
	Thomson, J., “The Straits of Malacca,” [i. 144]
	Thomson, Professor Wyville; cruise of the Challenger, [i. 29]
	Thorne, Robert, his voyage of discovery, [iii. 119]
	Thorpeness, Suffolk, [iv. 247]; enterprise of Joseph Chard, [ib.]
	enterprise of Joseph Chard, [ib.]
	Thunderer; her engines, [i. 225]
	Tides of the Ocean, [iv. 92]
	Tilbury Fort; Great Storm of 1703; West Indiamen wrecked, [ii. 205]
	Time, mode of reckoning it in ships; “watches,” “bells,” “dog-watches,” [i. 50]
	Time, difference between London and San Francisco, [iv. 30]
	Timor, Lieut. Bligh at; mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 242]
	Tobacco in Cuba when discovered by Columbus, [iii. 290]
	Tobago; Crusoe’s Island, [i. 179]
	Top-knot, a minute flat-fish, [iv. 206]
	Torpedo (fish), [iv. 160]
	Torpedoes: Fulton’s submarine boat, [ii. 88]; Marquis of Worcester’s inventions, [146]; Bishop Wilkins’s subaqueous vessel, or “ark,” [148]; Schott, Knuffler, Fulton’s torpedoes, ib., [149]; Cushing’s attack on the “Albemarle,” [151]; “Lay” torpedo, ib.; Porter’s, Fulton’s, Lay torpedo, Spar torpedo, [153]; Paraguayan torpedo, [154]; Harvey torpedo, [153], [155]; Whitehead or “fish” torpedo, [155]
	Marquis of Worcester’s inventions, [146];
	Bishop Wilkins’s subaqueous vessel, or “ark,” [148];
	Schott, Knuffler, Fulton’s torpedoes, ib., [149];
	Cushing’s attack on the “Albemarle,” [151];
	“Lay” torpedo, ib.;
	Porter’s, Fulton’s, Lay torpedo, Spar torpedo, [153];
	Paraguayan torpedo, [154];
	Harvey torpedo, [153], [155];
	Whitehead or “fish” torpedo, [155]
	Torres, Luis Vaes de; Torres Strait, [iii. 277]
	Tortuga, bucaniers at, [iii. 5], [6]; wild dogs and horses, [iii. 7]; its discovery; turtles, [315]
	wild dogs and horses, [iii. 7];
	its discovery; turtles, [315]
	Torture: Spaniards tortured by pirates, [iii. 38]
	Toulon, Siege of, [i. 6]
	“Trades’ Increase,” East Indiaman, [ii. 13]
	Trafalgar, Battle of, [i. 10–13], [227]
	Training Ships, [i. 44]; the Chichester, [45], [47]; course of instruction and drill, [48], [49]; saluting officers, [48]; incessant work, [49]; [iv. 287]
	the Chichester, [45], [47];
	course of instruction and drill, [48], [49];
	saluting officers, [48];
	incessant work, [49]; [iv. 287]
	Transportation of convicts to Australia, [i. 154]
	Treasure ships, [i. 311]; [ii. 19], [55], [56], [59–61]; [iii. 60], [63]
	Trent in the ice, [iii. 165], [166], [167]
	Trepang fisheries (Holothuria), [iv. 127], [128]
	Trevethick, Robt., portrait, [ii. 97]
	Trinidad, Columbus landing at, [i. 177], [178]; [iii. 295]; visit of Amerigo Vespucci, [302]; Raleigh at, [ii. 4], [33]
	visit of Amerigo Vespucci, [302];
	Raleigh at, [ii. 4], [33]
	Trinidad, Port of Spain, [i. 179–182]
	Trinity House and the Trinity Corporation, [iv. 287–289]; duties of the Board, [289]; light-vessels and staff of the Corporation, [ib.]; royal and noble Masters and Brethren, [ib.]; fog-horns or Siren signals, [ib.]
	duties of the Board, [289];
	light-vessels and staff of the Corporation, [ib.];
	royal and noble Masters and Brethren, [ib.];
	fog-horns or Siren signals, [ib.]
	Tripe de roche: rock-lichen as food, [iii. 241]
	Tristan d’Acunha, [i. 38], [201]
	Triton, a univalve shell, [iv. 144]
	Trochus, a univalve shell, [iv. 141]
	Trollope, Anthony: “The West Indies and the Spanish Main,” [i. 179], [182], [183]; Bermuda, [187], [188]; New Zealand, [iv. 51]; Sydney, [52]; Melbourne, [54]
	Bermuda, [187], [188];
	New Zealand, [iv. 51];
	Sydney, [52];
	Melbourne, [54]
	Tromp, Martin, [ii. 30]
	Tryal, Commodore Anson’s ship, [ii. 46], [50], [55]
	Tunny: tunny-fishing, [iv. 177]
	Turbo, a univalve shell, [iv. 141]
	Turret-ships: “Monitor,” “Merrimac,” “Miantonoma,” [ii. 139], [140], [141]; interior of a turret-ship, [142]; “Brooklyn,” “Ohio,” Captain, Vanguard, Warrior, Black Prince, [143]; other turret-ships: Inflexible, [144], [145]; Alexandra, [146], [147]
	interior of a turret-ship, [142];
	“Brooklyn,” “Ohio,” Captain, Vanguard, Warrior, Black Prince, [143];
	other turret-ships: Inflexible, [144], [145]; Alexandra, [146], [147]
	Inflexible, [144], [145];
	Alexandra, [146], [147]
	Turtle at the Island of Ascension, [i. 202]
	“Tuscarora:” deep-sea soundings, [i. 28], [30]
	Twain, Mark: his account of the Bermudas, [i. 189]
	Tyre, Ships of, [i. 259]

	Unclassed ships, [ii. 123]
	Union gun-boat, [i. 6]
	“United Kingdom,” steam-ship, [ii. 98], [99]
	“United States,” Dr. Hayes’s Arctic expedition, [iii. 255]
	Univalves, [iv. 139]
	Unseaworthy ships, [ii. 112–119]
	Upernavik, Danish settlement at, [iii. 254]
	Urchins: sea-urchins, [iv. 126], [128]
	Utah, [iv. 23]

	Valetta, [i. 98]
	Valparaiso, [i. 172], [173]
	Vancouver: his discoveries, [iii. 319]
	Vancouver Island: Esquimalt; Victoria, [i. 163], [165]; Exploring Expedition, [167]; cedar canoes, ib.; “Chinook jargon,” ib.; Nanaimo, [168]
	Exploring Expedition, [167];
	cedar canoes, ib.;
	“Chinook jargon,” ib.;
	Nanaimo, [168]
	Vandepat, Admiral, anecdotes of, [i. 218]
	Vane, Captain Charles, the pirate, [iii. 69]; betrayed by a former friend, and executed, [70]
	betrayed by a former friend, and executed, [70]
	Vanguard (Nelson’s ship), [i. 105]; [ii. 74]
	Vanguard, loss of the, [i. 33], [63–66]; [ii. 143]
	Van Tromp, Admiral, [ii. 31]
	Vasco da Gama: the Cape doubled by him, [i. 203]; discovery of Natal, [211]; his first voyage to India, [iii. 298]; arrival at Calicut, [299]; second expedition, [ib.]; arrival at, and death in, Cochin China, [300]; portrait, [301]
	discovery of Natal, [211];
	his first voyage to India, [iii. 298];
	arrival at Calicut, [299];
	second expedition, [ib.];
	arrival at, and death in, Cochin China, [300];
	portrait, [301]
	Vasco Nuñez, his discoveries in the Pacific, [iii. 314]
	Vasco Perez de Meira; his siege of Gibraltar, [i. 91]
	Veddahs, wild men of the woods in Ceylon, [i. 119]
	“Vega”: Professor Nordenskjöld’s Arctic voyage, [iii. 274]
	Venerable: mutiny of the Nore, [i. 254]
	Venetian ships, [i. 262]
	Venice, Breakwater at, [ii. 188]
	“Venus’s Flower-basket,” [i. 30], [32]
	Verne, Jules: “Round the World in Eighty Days,” [iv. 2], [5]
	Verne: citadel of the Verne, Portland, [ii. 196], [197]
	Vernon, Admiral (“Old Grog”), [i. 51]
	“Vesta” (Russian) and “Assari Tefvik” (Turkish) ships: action between them, [i. 27]
	Victoria (Hong Kong), described by Baron Hübner, [iv. 43]
	Victoria, Vancouver Island, [i. 163], [165]
	Victoria Land discovered by Sir James Ross, [iii. 280]
	Victory: Sir John Ross’s Arctic ship, [iii. 186], [225]
	Victory: Queen Elizabeth’s ship, [i. 292]
	Victory: Nelson’s ship, [i. 4–12], [96], [227]
	Vikings: their galleys, [i. 263]; their Arctic voyages, [iii. 115]
	their Arctic voyages, [iii. 115]
	Viking ship discovered at Gokstad, [iv. 230]
	Villeneuve, Admiral of the French fleet at Trafalgar, [i. 11]
	Virgil’s “Æneid,” references to the sea, [iv. 291]
	“Virginia,” “Merrimac,” [i. 19]
	Virginia discovered by Amadas and Barlow, [i. 319]; named by Queen Elizabeth, ib.; colonisation of, [ii. 2]
	named by Queen Elizabeth, ib.;
	colonisation of, [ii. 2]
	Vogt, on the Agalma rubra, [iv. 118]
	Voices of fish, [iv. 178]
	Volante, a carriage in Havana, [i. 184]
	Volcanoes: in the Antarctic region, [iii. 280]; in Japan, [iv. 47]; in New Zealand, [50]; in the West Indies, [i. 186]; volcanic origin of Bermuda, [i. 187]
	in Japan, [iv. 47];
	in New Zealand, [50];
	in the West Indies, [i. 186];
	volcanic origin of Bermuda, [i. 187]
	Volunteers, Naval, [i. 232–234]
	Voluta, a univalve shell, [iv. 141]

	Wager, Commodore Anson’s ship, [ii. 46], [51], [54]
	“Waisters” in guard ships, [i. 45]
	Walker, Dr. David: “Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [iii. 216]
	“Walnut Shell” boat, for Franklin’s second expedition, [iii. 194]
	Walrus, [iii. 146], [157], [166]; early description of it, [130]
	early description of it, [130]
	Walrus meat, [iii. 238], [240], [245], [263]
	Walter, Rev. R., “Anson’s Voyage Round the World,” [ii. 46]
	Warburton, Eliot, “The Crescent and the Cross,” [i. 98]; lost in the “Amazon,” [ii. 283]
	lost in the “Amazon,” [ii. 283]
	Warrior, the first English ironclad, [i. 18], [85]; [ii. 143]; her engine-room, [i. 225], [226]
	her engine-room, [i. 225], [226]
	Warwick, the King-maker: his piracies, [i. 276]
	“Watches” and “dog-watches,” [i. 50]
	Watt, James: the steam-engine, [ii. 80]; portrait, [97]
	portrait, [97]
	Waves off the Cape of Good Hope, [iv. 89]
	Webb, Capt. Matthew, his “Art of Swimming,” [iv. 258]; his wonderful feats in natation, [iv. 258–266]; portrait, [265]
	his wonderful feats in natation, [iv. 258–266];
	portrait, [265]
	Weddell, Captain: voyage to the South Seas, [iii. 279]
	Weever-fish, [iv. 205], [206]
	Weppner, Margharita: Falls of Niagara, [iv. 15]; San Francisco, [30]
	San Francisco, [30]
	West Indian Islands, map, [iii. 17]
	West India Naval Station, [i. 178]
	West Indies: the home of the bucaniers, [iii. 2]
	Weymouth’s attempt to discover North-West Passage, [iii. 143]
	Weyprecht, Lieutenant: Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition in the “Tegethoff,” [iii. 271]
	Whales and whale-fishing, [iv. 179–184]; Northern and Southern whales, [180], [181]; sperm whale, spermaceti, [181], [182]; blubber and oil, [182]; harpooning, [183]; whales in North Pacific, [32]
	Northern and Southern whales, [180], [181];
	sperm whale, spermaceti, [181], [182];
	blubber and oil, [182];
	harpooning, [183];
	whales in North Pacific, [32]
	Whalers of Behring Sea, [i. 139], [140]
	Whale Sound, Greenland, [iii. 233]
	Whirlpools: [iv. 92], [93], [95]
	Whitby, [iv. 256]
	White, John, first governor of Virginia, [ii. 2]
	White, Walter: “A Sailor Boy’s Log-book,” [i. 48]
	Whitehaven attacked by Paul Jones, [iii. 72]
	Whitehead torpedo, [ii. 155]
	“White Star” Line of Steam-ships, [ii. 111]
	“White Star” Liner crossing the Atlantic, [iv. 1]
	Whitstable oyster beds, [iv. 137]
	Whitworth, Sir Joseph; big guns and armour-plates, [i. 86]
	Wilkes, Lieut., discovery of South Polar land, [iii. 279]
	Wilkins, Bishop; submarine vessel or “ark,” [ii. 148]
	William the Conqueror’s ships, [i. 266]
	William III.’s Navy, [i. 232]
	Willoughby, Sir Hugh, his disastrous voyage, [iii. 122]
	Wind in the Polar regions, [iii. 111]
	Winds in the Mediterranean, [i. 107]
	Wine for sailors in the French Navy, [i. 51]
	Winstanley, Henry, first Eddystone Lighthouse, [ii. 159], [199]
	Wolf Rock, Land’s End, [iv. 210]; Lighthouse, [ib.]
	Lighthouse, [ib.]
	Wolves, Sir John Richardson’s adventure with, [iii. 189], [190]
	Woman at Sea, [iv. 56–65]
	Women, Life saved by, [iv. 221]
	Wooden and Iron Ships compared, [i. 9], [13]; “The Fleet of the Future: Iron or Wood,” by J. Scott Russell, F.R.S., [85]
	“The Fleet of the Future: Iron or Wood,” by J. Scott Russell, F.R.S., [85]
	Wood, Sir Andrew, of Largo: his victory over English ships, [i. 277], [278]; commander of the “Great Michael,” [281]
	commander of the “Great Michael,” [281]
	Wood, Rev. J. G.: sea-weeds, [iv. 200], [202]
	Woodcroft, Bennett, on “Steam Navigation,” [ii. 79], [81], [83], [84]; the screw propeller, [ii. 104]
	the screw propeller, [ii. 104]
	“Woolpacket,” wreck of the, [ii. 224]; hovellers, [251]
	hovellers, [251]
	Worcester, Marquis of; his inventions: torpedoes, [ii. 146]; use of steam, [ii. 79]
	use of steam, [ii. 79]
	Worden, Lieutenant, wounded in the first “Monitor,” [i. 24]
	Worley, Captain, the pirate, hanged, [iii. 70]
	Wrangell: Russian Arctic exploration, [iii. 185]
	Wrecks, Statistics of, [i. 3]; [iv. 285]
	Wreckers, [ii. 304], [310]
	“Wrecking,” as a profession, [ii. 235]; the king’s privileges, [237]; Cœur de Lion and his enactments, ib.; the Rôles d’Oleron, ib.; false pilots, ib.; laws of George II., ib.; false lights, [238]; waiting for a wreck, [241]; wreckers at work; murders; actual examples, [239]; wreckers executed, [240]; plunder of the “Inverness,” [241], [244]; police attacked by thousands, [242]; “Bergetta” plundered, [242]; arguments of wreckers, ib.; wrecking at the Bahamas, [244]; “hovelling v. wrecking,” [245]; moral aspect of “wrecking” [256]
	the king’s privileges, [237];
	Cœur de Lion and his enactments, ib.;
	the Rôles d’Oleron, ib.;
	false pilots, ib.;
	laws of George II., ib.;
	false lights, [238];
	waiting for a wreck, [241];
	wreckers at work; murders; actual examples, [239];
	wreckers executed, [240];
	plunder of the “Inverness,” [241], [244];
	police attacked by thousands, [242];
	“Bergetta” plundered, [242];
	arguments of wreckers, ib.;
	wrecking at the Bahamas, [244];
	“hovelling v. wrecking,” [245];
	moral aspect of “wrecking” [256]
	Wreck Register of the National Life-boat Institution, [ii. 318]
	“Wright, G. S.,” telegraph steamer, [i. 138], [143]

	Xavier, Francis: Christianity introduced by him into Japan, [i. 129]

	Yarmouth, [iv. 248]; herring fishery, [250]; shipwrecks; loss of the “Osprey,” [249], [250]
	herring fishery, [250];
	shipwrecks; loss of the “Osprey,” [249], [250]
	Yeh, Commissioner: capture of, [i. 122]
	Yellow Sea, [i. 122]
	Yokohama, [i. 128], [129], [130]; [iv. 40]
	Yorkshire: sketches of the sea-coast, [iv. 251]
	Young, Captain Allen: cruise of the “Pandora,” [iii. 92–98]; “Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [216], [218]
	“Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [216], [218]
	Young, Brigham: Mormonism, [iv. 2–4]
	Ysbrants: his voyage of discovery, [iii. 129]
	Yukon river, [i. 170]

	Zeigai Islands in the Red Sea, [i. 117]
	Zeni, The Brothers: their Arctic exploration, [iii. 117]
	Zoology, Marine. (See [Challenger, Cruise of the].)
	Zoophytes, [i. 31]; [iv. 111]

---