CONTENTS

[PART I]
Chapter Page
List of Illustrations[1]
Table of Signs[9]
Introduction[11]
[I.]Egypt[17]
The Land. The Preservation of Antiquities. Egyptian Discoveries. Decipherment. Chronology. Outline of the History. Egyptian Discoveries which bear on the Bible.
[II.]Babylonia and Assyria[40]
The Land. The Preservation of Antiquities. The Discovery of Antiquities. The Decipherment of the Inscriptions. Chronology. Outline of the History. Discoveries which illumine the Bible.
[III.]The Hittites[68]
A Forgotten Empire. Hittite Monuments. Hittite Decipherment. Hittite History.
[IV.]Palestine and Its Exploration[83]
The Land. Early Exploration. Early American Explorations. Palestine Exploration Fund. The German Palestine Society. The American School at Jerusalem. Samaria. Parker’s Excavations at Jerusalem. Latest Excavations.
[V.]Outline of Palestine’s Archæological History[103]
The Early Stone Age. The Late Stone Age. The Amorites. The Canaanites. Egyptian Domination. The Philistines. The Hebrews. Philistine Civilization. The Hebrew Kingdoms. The Exile and After. The Coming of Rome. Later History.
[VI.]The Cities of Palestine[123]
Their Sites. The Walls. The Stone Work. Houses. Palaces. Foundation Sacrifices. City Gates. Water Supply.
[VII.]Roads and Agriculture[132]
[VIII.]Pottery[141]
Importance of Pottery. Pre-Semitic Pottery. First Semitic Pottery to 1800 B. C. Pottery of Second Semitic Period. Third Semitic Period. Israelitish or Fourth Semitic Period. Hellenistic Period.
[IX.]Utensils and Personal Ornaments[149]
[X.]Measures, Weights, and Money[158]
Measures. Weights. Inscribed Weights. Money.
[XI.]High Places and Temples[167]
A Sanctuary of the Pre-Semitic Cave-Dwellers. A Rock-Altar at Megiddo. A Rock-Altar at Jerusalem. High Place at Tell es-Safi. High Place at Gezer. At Taanach. High Places at Petra. A Supposed Philistine Temple. At Megiddo. The Temple to Augustus at Samaria.
[XII.]The Tombs of Palestine[179]
Burning the Dead. Cave Burials. Cistern Burial. Burial under Menhirs. Earth-Graves. Rock-Hewn Shaft Tombs. Doorway Tombs. Tombs with a Rolling-Stone.
[XIII.]Jerusalem[185]
Situation. Gihon. Cave-Dwellers. The El-Amarna Period. Jebusite Jerusalem. The City of David. Solomon’s Jerusalem. From Solomon to Hezekiah. Hezekiah. From Hezekiah to the Exile. The Destruction of 586 B. C. The Second Temple. Nehemiah and the Walls. Late Persian and Early Greek Periods. In the Time of the Maccabees. Asmonæan Jerusalem. Herod the Great. The Pool of Bethesda. Gethsemane. Calvary. Agrippa I and the Third Wall.
[XIV.]The Decapolis[213]
Origin. Damascus. Scythopolis. Cities East of the Sea of Galilee. Gadara. Pella and Dion. Gerasa. Philadelphia. Jesus in the Decapolis.
[XV.]Athens, Corinth, and the Churches of Asia[219]
[PART II]
[I.]An Epic of the Creation which Circulated in Babylon and Assyria in the Seventh Century b. c.[235]
Text of the Epic. Comparison of the Epic with the First Chapter of Genesis. The Epic and Other Parts of the Bible.
[II.]Another Account of the Creation Found at Babylon[255]
Text of the Account. Comparison of it with Genesis 2.
[III.]The Babylonian Sabbath[258]
Feast of Marduk and Zarpanit. A Day called Shabatum. A Day in Some Tablets at Yale.
[IV.]The Legend of Adapa and the Fall of Man[260]
Comparison with Genesis 3. The Adapa Myth.
[V.]The Patriarchs before the Flood[264]
Babylonian Long-Lived Kings. Comparison with Genesis 5. Comparison with Genesis 4. Comparison with the List of Berossos.
[VI.]A Babylonian Account of the Flood, from a Tablet Written at Nineveh in the Seventh Century b. c.[273]
Translation of the Text. Comparison with Genesis 6-9. Another Babylonian Version.
[VII.]An Account of the Creation and Flood, from a Tablet Written at Nippur before 2000 b. c.[278]
Translation. Comparison with the Other Version.
[VIII.]An Account of the Origin of a City and the Beginning of Agriculture, from a Tablet Written at Nippur before 2000 b. c.[283]
Translation. Comparison with Biblical Material.
[IX.]Abraham and Archæology[290]
Abraham hired an Ox. Abraham leased a Farm. Abraham paid his Rent. Who was this Abraham? Travel between Babylonia and Palestine. Hammurapi, King of the Westland. Kadur-Mabug. Kings supposed by some to be those of Genesis 14.
[X.]Jacob and Joseph[299]
Appearances of these Names in Babylonian and Egyptian Records. “The Tale of the Two Brothers”; its Bearing on the Story of Joseph in Genesis. Letters to a Ruler like Joseph. The Seven Years of Famine. Inscription showing Preparation for Famine.
[XI.]Palestine in the Patriarchal Age[307]
The Tale of Sinuhe. Communication between Egypt and Palestine.
[XII.]Moses and the Exodus[310]
The Legend of Sargon of Agade; its Resemblance to the Story of Moses. The Pillar of Merneptah; the Only Appearance of the Name “Israel” outside of the Bible.
[XIII.]The Code of Hammurapi and the Pentateuch[313]
The Text of the Code; Resemblance to and Contrast with the Mosaic Code. The Mosaic Code not borrowed from the Babylonian; Different Underlying Conceptions.
[XIV.]An Alleged Parallel to Leviticus—a Carthaginian Law Concerning Sacrifices[342]
The Text of the Carthaginian Law. Comparison with the Levitical Law.
[XV.]Some Letters from Palestine[344]
Letters of Rib-Adda of Gebal. Of Ebed-Hepa of Jerusalem. Their Light on Conditions in the Period of the Egyptian Domination of Palestine.
[XVI.]Documents from the Time of Israel’s Judges[352]
Report of Wenamon. Its Illustration of Certain Points of Biblical History about the Time of Deborah or Gideon. Reference to the Philistines.
[XVII.]Archæological Light on the Books of Kings[358]
Gudea and Cedar-Wood for his Palace. The Eponym Canon. The Seal of Shema. Shishak’s List of Conquered Asiatic Cities. Ashurnasirpal’s Description of his Expedition to Mediterranean Lands. Shalmaneser III’s Claims regarding Tribute from the Kings of Israel. The Moabite Stone. Adadnirari IV’s Mention of the “Land of Omri.” Inscription describing Tiglathpileser IV’s Campaign. Sargon’s Conquests. Sennacherib’s Western Campaigns. The Siloam Inscription. Esarhaddon’s List of Conquered Kings. Ashurbanipal’s Assyrian Campaign. Necho of Egypt. Nebuchadrezzar II. Evil-Merodach. Discoveries in Sheba.
[XVIII.]The End of the Babylonian Exile[382]
Inscriptions of Nabuna’id; their Bearing on Biblical Statements regarding Belshazzar. Account of the Capture of Babylon bearing on the Book of Daniel. Inscription of Cyrus bearing on the Capture of Babylon. Cyrus’s Permission for the Return to Jerusalem.
[XIX.]A Jewish Colony in Egypt during the Time of Nehemiah[387]
Papyri Witness to the Existence of a Colony at Elephantine. Translation of a Petition relating to their Temple. Reply of Persian Governor. Historical Bearings of these Documents. A Letter relating to the Passover. A Letter showing that the Jews were Unpopular at Elephantine.
[XX.]A Babylonian Job[392]
Translation of a Poem relating to the Afflictions of a Good Man. Comparison with the Book of Job. A Fragment of Another Similar Poem.
[XXI.]Psalms from Babylonia and Egypt[398]
Character of their Psalms. Babylonian Prayers to the Goddess Ishtar. Comparison with the Psalter. A Babylonian Hymn to the Moon-God. A Babylonian Hymn to Bel. An Egyptian Hymn to the Sun-God. Is the Hymn Monotheistic? An Egyptian Hymn in Praise of Aton. Comparison with the Psalter.
[XXII.]Parallels to Proverbs and Ecclesiastes[407]
The Nature of the Book of Proverbs and the Parallels. Babylonian Proverbs from the Library of Ashurbanipal. Precepts from the Library of Ashurbanipal. Comparison with the Bible. Egyptian Precepts of Ptahhotep. Comparison with the Bible. Parallel to Ecclesiastes from the Gilgamesh Epic.
[XXIII.]Egyptian Parallels to the Song of Songs[413]
Nature of the Song of Songs. Translation of Some Egyptian Love-Poems. Comparison with Biblical Passages.
[XXIV.]Illustrations of Passages in the Prophets[417]
Uniqueness of the Prophetic Books. An Assyrian PropheticVision. Comparison with the Bible. The Egyptian Social Conscience. Tale of the Eloquent Peasant. Comparison with the Bible. An Ideal King; Extract from the Admonitions of Ipuwer. Comparison with Messianic Expectations. Sheol. Ishtar’s Descent to the Underworld. Comparison with Prophetic Passages. A Lamentation for Tammuz.
[XXV.]Reputed Sayings of Jesus Found in Egypt[428]
Early Collections of the Words of Jesus. Translation of Sayings found in 1897. Comments. Translation of a Leaf found in 1904. Comments. Opinions as to these Sayings.
[XXVI.]Archæological Light on the Enrolment of Quirinius[432]
Translation of a Papyrus showing that in the Second Century Enrolment was made Every Fourteen Years. Comments. Translation referring to an Enrolment in the Reign of Nero. Fragment from the Reign of Tiberius. Enrolments probably inaugurated by Augustus. Document showing that People went to their own towns for Enrolment. Inscription supposed to refer to Quirinius. Inscription from Asia Minor referring to Quirinius. Discussion. Conclusions.
[XXVII.]Archæological Light on the Acts and Epistles[438]
The Politarchs of Thessalonica. An Altar to Unknown Gods. An Inscription from Delphi and the Date of Paul’s Contact with Gallio. Some Epistles from Egypt. Inscriptions mentioning Aretas, King of Arabia.
Appendix[445]
Discoveries at Carchemish. Hrozny’s Decipherment of Hittite. Discoveries at Jerusalem and Balata. A New Babylonian Account of the Creation of Man. Reports of Commanders of Egyptian Frontier-Fortresses Relating to the Entrance of Asiatics into Egypt in Time of Famine. Supposed Trace of the Ten Lost Tribes in Mesopotamia.
Index of Scripture Passages[453]
Index[459]
Illustrations: [Plates 1-114].