LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

A Hillside Street in Roman Jerusalem along which Jesus and the Disciples may well
have walked		[Frontispiece.]
FigurePlate
[1]Syrian Traders in Egypt, from a Tomb at Beni Hasan (after Ball)[1]
[2]Crown of Lower Egypt[1]
[3]Crown of Upper Egypt[1]
[4]Crown of United Egypt[1]
[5]Sphinx and Pyramid of Khafre[1]
[6]Pyramids of Khufu and Khafre[2]
[7]Step Pyramid of Zoser[2]
[8]Body from a Pre-dynastic Tomb[3]
[9]Head of the Mummy of Ramses II[3]
[10]A Store-Chamber at Pithom (after Naville)[4]
[11]Ancient and Modern Brick-Making (after Petrie)[4]
[12]Plan of City and Temple of Leontopolis (after Petrie)[5]
[13]A Passover-Oven (after Petrie)[5]
[14]The Rosetta Stone (after Thomas Nelson and Sons)[6]
[15]The “Israel” Inscription of Merneptah[6]
[16]Mounds of Nuffar (after Clay)[7]
[17]Excavation at Nuffar (after Clay)[7]
[18]Gate of Ishtar, Babylon (after Koldewey)[8]
[19]Phalanx of Soldiers from Eannatum’s “Stele of Vultures”[8]
[20]Inscribed Column from Persepolis[9]
[21]Silver Vase of Entemena[9]
[22]Mound of Birs Nimrûd (after Peters)[9]
[23]Hittite Gates at Boghaz Koi (after Puchstein)[10]
[24]Hittite Types from Egyptian Monuments (after Garstang)[10]
[25]A Hittite King (after Puchstein)[11]
[26]The Boss of Tarkondemos[11]
[27]The Seal of Shema, Servant of Jeroboam[11]
[28]Tell el-Hesy after Excavation[12]
[29]The Site of the Old Testament Jericho[12]
[30]Excavation of Gezer[13]
[31]Remains of a Colonnaded Street at Samaria[13]
[32]Excavation at Tell Hum[14]
[33]Egyptians Attacking a Palestinian City (after Perrot and Chipiez)[14]
[34]Israelitish Jericho (after Sellin)[15]
[35]Israelitish Houses at Jericho (after Sellin)[15]
[36]Philistines from the Palace of Ramses III[16]
[37]Canaanitish Fortress at Jericho (after Sellin)[16]
[38]Inscribed Disc from Phæstos (one-fourth actual size)[17]
[39]Gebel Fureidis[17]
[40]Bastion for the Protection of an Inserted Tower (after Macalister)[18]
[41]Remains of Walls of Megiddo (after Schumacher)[18]
[42]Walls of Buildings at Samaria (after Reisner)[19]
[43]Specimens of Stone-Work at Gezer (after Macalister)[19]
[44]Building-Bricks from Gezer (after Macalister)[19]
[45]Plan of Palace at Taanach (after Sellin)[20]
[46]The Great City Wall at Gezer (after Macalister)[20]
[47]Israelitish Houses at Gezer[21]
[48]Specimens of Mosaic Floors (after Macalister)[21]
[49]A Doorway at Gezer (after Macalister)[22]
[50]Door-Sockets from Gezer (after Macalister)[22]
[51]Supposed House of Hiel, Jericho (after Sellin)[23]
[52]Foundation of the Palace of Omri, Samaria (after Reisner)[23]
[53]Hebrew Palace at Megiddo (after Schumacher)[23]
[54]Plan of the Maccabæan Castle at Gezer (after Macalister)[24]
[55]Stone-Work of the Maccabæan Castle (after Macalister)[24]
[56]A Foundation-Deposit, Gezer (after Macalister)[24]
[57]A City Gate at Megiddo (after Schumacher)[25]
[58]The South Gate at Gezer (after Macalister)[25]
[59]The South Gate at Beth-shemesh (after Mackenzie)[25]
[60]Entrance to the Underground Tunnel at Gezer (after Macalister)[26]
[61]The North Gate at Gezer (after Macalister)[26]
[62]Plans of the Underground Tunnel at Gezer (after Macalister)[27]
[63]Plan of Underground Tunnel at Gibeon (after Abel)[28]
[64]One of Solomon’s Pools[28]
[65]Post of City Gate, Samaria (after Reisner)[29]
[66]Part of City Wall and Gate, Samaria (after Reisner)[29]
[67]Road South of Gerizim[30]
[68]Lines of Roman Roads at Tell el-Ful[30]
[69]Roman Road North of Amman[30]
[70]A Granary at Gezer (after Macalister)[31]
[71]Some Roman Mile-Stones[31]
[72]Plan of a Granary at Gezer (after Macalister)[31]
[73]A Hoe (after Macalister)[32]
[74]An Egyptian Reaping (after Wreszinski)[32]
[75]A Sickle (after Wreszinski)[32]
[76]Plowshares from Megiddo (after Schumacher)[32]
[77]Egyptian Plowing (after Wilkinson)[33]
[78]A Modern Threshing-Floor[33]
[79]Egyptians Threshing and Winnowing (after Wilkinson)[33]
[80]Egyptian Threshing-Sledge (after Wilkinson)[33]
[81]A Saddle-Quern from Megiddo (after Schumacher)[34]
[82]A Rotary-Quern (after Macalister)[34]
[83]A Mortar and Pestle (after Macalister)[34]
[84]Two Women Grinding at a Mill (after Schumacher)[34]
[85]An Ancient Olive-Press (after Macalister)[35]
[86]A Modern Olive-Press (after Macalister)[35]
[87]A Wine Vat (after Macalister)[36]
[88]An Olive-Press at Work (after Macalister)[36]
[89]Cows’ Horns from Gezer (after Macalister)[37]
[90]Animals’ Heads from Gezer (after Macalister)[37]
[91]A Horse’s Bit from Gezer (after Macalister)[37]
[92]Drawings of Horses from Gezer (after Macalister)[37]
[93]A Clay Bird from Gezer (after Macalister)[38]
[94]A Cock from Marissa (after Peters and Thiersch)[38]
[95]A Bee-Hive from Gezer (after Macalister)[38]
[96]Pre-Semitic Jars (after Macalister)[39]
[97]Pre-Semitic Pottery (after Macalister)[39]
[98]Four Pitchers from the First Semitic Stratum (after Macalister)[39]
[99]Three Pitchers from the First Semitic Stratum (after Macalister)[39]
[100]A Jar from the First Semitic Stratum (after Macalister)[39]
[101]Jugs from the Second Semitic Stratum (after Macalister)[40]
[102]A Jug from the Second Semitic Stratum (after Macalister)[40]
[103]A Jar from the Second Semitic Stratum (after Macalister)[40]
[104]Some Fine Pottery from the First Semitic Stratum (after Macalister)[41]
[105]“Ear” and “Button” Jar-Handles (after Macalister)[41]
[106]A “Pillar” Handle (after Macalister)[41]
[107]A Flat-bottomed Jug (after Macalister)[41]
[108]A Painted Philistine Vase from Beth-shemesh (after Mackenzie)[42]
[109]War-Scene on Potsherd from Megiddo (after Schumacher)[42]
[110]Jars of Third Semitic Stratum from Beth-shemesh (after Mackenzie)[42]
[111]Hebrew Pottery from Megiddo (after Schumacher)[42]
[112]Hebrew Jars and Pitchers from Jericho (after Sellin)[43]
[113]Hebrew Pitchers and Bowls from Jericho (after Sellin)[43]
[114]A Funnel from Gezer (after Macalister)[44]
[115]A Potter’s Seal from Gezer (after Macalister)[44]
[116]An Inscribed Hebrew Jar-Stamp from the Shephelah (after Bliss and Macalister)[44]
[117]Hebrew Pottery from Gezer (after Macalister)[44]
[118]A Scarab used as a Jar-Stamp (after Macalister)[45]
[119]A Jar-Handle Stamped with a Scarab (after Macalister)[45]
[120]A Jar with Tapering Base from Gezer (after Macalister)[45]
[121]Hellenistic Filter from Gezer (after Macalister)[45]
[122]Hellenistic Pottery from Gezer (after Macalister)[45]
[123]Hellenistic Strainer from Gezer (after Macalister)[46]
[124]Roman Pots from Gezer (after Macalister)[46]
[125]Hellenistic Jar from Gezer (after Macalister)[46]
[126]A Lamp of the First Semitic Period, Megiddo (after Schumacher)[46]
[127]Lamps from the Second Semitic Period, Gezer (after Macalister)[47]
[128]Lamps from the Israelitish Period, Gezer (after Macalister)[47]
[129]A Byzantine Lamp from Jericho (after Sellin)[47]
[130]A Lamp bearing a Christian Legend (after Macalister)[47]
[131]Hellenistic Lamps from Gezer (after Macalister)[48]
[132]Hebrew Lamps from Jericho (after Sellin)[48]
[133]Ovens found at Gezer (after Macalister)[49]
[134]A Baking-Tray from Gezer (after Macalister)[49]
[135]Bronze Dishes from Gezer (after Macalister)[49]
[136]Shell Spoons from Gezer (after Macalister)[49]
[137]Silver Dishes from a Philistine Grave at Gezer (after Macalister)[50]
[138]Glass Ointment Vessels from Gezer (after Macalister)[50]
[139]Feeding-Bottles (?), Gezer (after Macalister)[51]
[140]Forks from Gezer (after Macalister)[51]
[141]Philistine Silver Ladle, Gezer (after Macalister)[51]
[142]Bronze Needles and Pins from Gezer (after Macalister)[51]
[143]Bone Needles from Gezer (after Macalister)[52]
[144]Modern Woman Spinning[52]
[145]Spindle Whorls from Gezer (after Macalister)[52]
[146]A Large Key from Gezer (after Macalister)[52]
[147]A Smaller Key from Gezer (after Macalister)[52]
[148]Lamp-Stands from Megiddo (after Schumacher)[53]
[149]Flint Knives from Jericho (after Sellin)[53]
[150]Iron Knives from Gezer (after Macalister)[54]
[151]Bronze Knives from Gezer (after Macalister)[54]
[152]A Chisel from Gezer (after Macalister)[55]
[153]A File from Gezer (after Macalister)[55]
[154]A Cone of Flint for making Knives, Gezer (after Macalister)[55]
[155]A Bronze Hammer-Head, Gezer (after Macalister)[55]
[156]A Fish-Hook, Gezer (after Macalister)[55]
[157]A Bone Awl-Handle from Gezer (after Macalister)[55]
[158]Whetstones from Jericho (after Sellin)[55]
[159]Nails from Gezer (after Macalister)[55]
[160]Axe-Heads from Gezer (after Macalister)[56]
[161]Carpenters’ Tools from Gezer (after Macalister)[56]
[162]A Scimitar from Gezer (after Macalister)[57]
[163]Impression of a Basket on Mud, Gezer (after Macalister)[57]
[164]Flint Arrow-Heads from Gezer (after Macalister)[57]
[165]Bronze Arrow-Heads from Gezer (after Macalister)[57]
[166]Bronze Swords from Gezer (after Macalister)[58]
[167]Bronze Spear-Heads, Gezer (after Macalister)[58]
[168]A Pipe from Gezer (after Macalister)[59]
[169]An Egyptian Harp (after Haupt)[59]
[170]An Assyrian Upright Harp (after Haupt)[59]
[171]An Assyrian Horizontal Harp (after Haupt)[59]
[172]A Babylonian Harp (after Haupt)[59]
[173]Jewish Harps on Coins of Bar Cocheba, 132-135 A. D. (after Madden)[59]
[174]Assyrian Dulcimer (after Haupt)[59]
[175]Seals from Gezer (after Macalister)[60]
[176]A Comb from Gezer (after Macalister)[60]
[177]Toys from Gezer (after Macalister)[60]
[178]Styli from Gezer (after Macalister)[60]
[179]Children’s Rattles from Gezer (after Macalister)[60]
[180]A Perfume-Box, Gezer (after Macalister)[61]
[181]A Necklace from Gezer (after Macalister)[61]
[182]Bracelets from Gezer (after Macalister)[61]
[183]Spatulæ from Gezer (after Macalister)[61]
[184]Rings from Gezer (after Macalister)[61]
[185]Supposed Hebrew Measures from Jerusalem (after Germer-Durand)[62]
[186]A Neseph Weight[63]
[187]A Payim Weight belonging to Haverford College[63]
[188]A Beqa Weight (after Torrey)[63]
[189]A “Daric” of Darius (after Benzinger)[63]
[190]A Tetradrachma of Alexander the Great (after Benzinger)[63]
[191]A Coin of Ptolemy Lagi (after Benzinger)[63]
[192]Half-Shekel of Simon the Maccabee (after Benzinger)[64]
[193]A Coin of John Hyrcanus (after Madden)[64]
[194]Tetradrachma of Lysimachus[64]
[195]A Coin of Augustus[64]
[196]A Denarius of Tiberius[64]
[197]A Coin of Claudius[64]
[198]A Coin of Herod the Great[64]
[199]A Roman Quadrans (?)[64]
[200]A Coin of Herod Agrippa I[64]
[201]A Shekel of the Revolt of A. D. 70[64]
[202]Cave-Dwellers’ Place of Sacrifice, Gezer (after Macalister)[65]
[203]Plan of Caves at Semitic High Place, Gezer (after Macalister)[65]
[204]“Pillars” of the High Place at Gezer[65]
[205]Rock-Altar at Megiddo (after Schumacher)[66]
[206]The “Beth-el” of Gezer (after Macalister)[66]
[207]The Supposed Serpent-Pen at Gezer (after Macalister)[66]
[208]The Rock-Altar at Jerusalem (after Dalman)[67]
[209]The Laver at Gezer (after Macalister)[67]
[210]The Terra-cotta Altar from Taanach (after Sellin)[68]
[211]Supposed High Place at Taanach (after Sellin)[68]
[212]High Place at Tell es-Safi (after Bliss and Macalister)[69]
[213]Libation Bowl from Taanach (after Sellin)[69]
[214]An Astarte Plaque from Gezer (after Macalister)[69]
[215]Plan of the High Place at Petra (after Brünnow)[70]
[216]Plan of Herod’s Temple at Samaria (after Lyon)[70]
[217]The Altar at Petra (after Brünnow)[71]
[218]The “Round Altar” at Petra (after Brünnow)[71]
[219]Supposed “Pillars” at Petra (after Brünnow)[71]
[219a]A Brazen Serpent from Gezer (after Macalister)[72]
[220]Plan of Supposed Semitic Temple at Gezer (after Macalister)[72]
[221]Walls of Herod’s Temple, Samaria (after Reisner)[72]
[222]“Pillars” of a Supposed Temple, Gezer (after Macalister)[73]
[223]Chapel of the Palace at Megiddo (after Schumacher)[73]
[224]Voluted Capital (probably Philistine) from Megiddo (after Schumacher)[74]
[225]Incense-Burner from Megiddo (after Schumacher)[74]
[226]Philistine Graves, Gezer (after Macalister)[75]
[227]A Rock-hewn Tomb at Siloam (after Benzinger)[75]
[228]A Shaft-Tomb (after Bliss and Macalister)[75]
[229]A Cistern-Burial at Gezer (after Macalister)[75]
[230]A Columbarium at Petra (after Dalman)[76]
[231]Entrance to the Tomb of the Judges[76]
[232]A Sunken-Door Tomb (after Mitt. u. Nach. d. Deutsch. Palästina-Vereins)[77]
[233]Kokim in the Tomb of the Judges[77]
[234]Plan of a Hellenistic Tomb at Marissa (after Peters and Thiersch)[78]
[235]A Cross-Section of the Tomb of the Judges[78]
[236]Architectural Decoration of a Hellenistic Tomb at Marissa (after Peters and Thiersch)[79]
[237]Plan of the Upper Floor of the Tomb of the Judges[79]
[238]A Tomb with a Rolling-Stone at Beit Jibrin (after Moulton)[80]
[239]Interior of a Hellenistic Tomb at Marissa (after Peters and Thiersch)[80]
[240]The Hills and Valleys of Jerusalem (after Vincent)[81]
[241]Underground Jebusite Tunnel at Gihon, Jerusalem (after Vincent)[82]
[242]Maudsley’s Scarp, Jerusalem[82]
[243]Plan of Solomon’s Buildings, Jerusalem (after Stade)[83]
[244]Phœnician Quarry-Marks, Jerusalem (after Warren)[83]
[245]Shaft at the Southeast Corner of the Temple Area (after Warren)[84]
[246]Examining Ancient Walls in an Underground Tunnel (after Warren)[84]
[247]Front Views of Solomon’s Temple (after Stade)[85]
[248]Side Views of Solomon’s Temple (after Stade)[85]
[249]Plan of Solomon’s Temple (after Stade)[86]
[250]The Seven-branched Lamp-Stand from the Arch of Titus[86]
[251]The Brazen Laver of Solomon’s Temple (after Stade)[87]
[252]A Portable Laver of Solomon’s Temple (after Stade)[87]
[253]Stone-Work of a Wall of Jerusalem built in the Fifth Century A. D.[88]
[254]Stone-Work in Nehemiah’s Wall, Jerusalem[88]
[255]Restoration of the Asmonæan Bridge over the Tyropœon Valley (after Hanauer)[89]
[256]Front of “David’s Tower” (Herod’s Palace) Today (after Breen)[89]
[257]Reconstruction of Herod’s Temple (after Caldecott)[90]
[258]“Solomon’s Stables”[90]
[259]One of the Supposed Pools of Bethesda (after Hanauer)[91]
[260]Front of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher[91]
[261]“Gordon’s Calvary,” looking toward Jerusalem (after Breen)[92]
[262]“Gordon’s Calvary,” from the City Wall (after Breen)[92]
[263]Outside of “Gordon’s Holy Sepulcher” (after Breen)[93]
[264]Inside of “Gordon’s Holy Sepulcher” (after Breen)[93]
[265]The Barada (Abana), Damascus[94]
[266]The Street Called Straight, Damascus[94]
[267]Palace at Kanatha (after Brünnow)[95]
[268]Circular Forum and Colonnaded Street, Gerasa[95]
[269]Temple of the Sun, Gerasa[96]
[270]Site of Rabbah Ammon[96]
[271]Theater at Amman (Palestinian Philadelphia)[97]
[272]Roman Forum at Athens[97]
[273]Mars’ Hill, Athens[98]
[274]Fountain in the Agora, Corinth[98]
[275]Lintel of Jewish Synagogue, Corinth (after Richardson)[99]
[276]Lechæum Road, Corinth (after Richardson)[99]
[277]Parthenon, Athens, from the East[100]
[278]Main Street at Ephesus[100]
[279]Site of the Temple of Diana, Ephesus, in 1902[101]
[280]The Theater, Ephesus[101]
[281]The Amphitheater, Ephesus[102]
[282]The Stadium, Ephesus[102]
[283]Pergamum (after Ramsay)[103]
[284]The Acropolis and partly Excavated Temple, Sardis (after Butler)[103]
[285]Excavated Temple, Sardis, looking toward the Hermus Valley (after Butler)[104]
[286]A Christian Church at Sardis (after Butler)[105]
[287]Smyrna (after Ramsay)[105]
[288]A Ruin at Laodicea (after Ramsay)[106]
[289]A Bridge over the Jordan on the Line of a Roman Road[106]
[290]Fragment of a Creation-Tablet[107]
[291]Assyrian Sacred Tree Conventionalized[107]
[292]Hammurapi Receiving the Laws from the Sun-God[107]
[293]The So-called Adam and Eve Seal[107]
[294]A Tablet from Nippur, Relating the Beginnings of Irrigation and Agriculture (after Langdon)[108]
[295]Top of the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser[108]
[296]Jehu of Israel Doing Homage to Shalmaneser[108]
[297]The Siloam Inscription[109]
[298]Sennacherib Receiving Tribute at Lachish (after Ball)[109]
[299]An Altar to Unknown Gods (after Deissmann)[110]
[300]The Moabite Stone[110]
[301]Papyrus Containing Sayings of Jesus (after Grenfell and Hunt)[111]
MAPS
Map of Egypt to First Cataract[18]
Map of the Ancient World[40]
Map of Palestine[104]
Plate
Map of Jerusalem in the Time of the Jebusites and David[112]
Map of Solomon’s Jerusalem[112]
Map of Jerusalem from Hezekiah to the Exile[113]
Map of Nehemiah’s Jerusalem[113]
Map of Asmonæan Jerusalem[114]
Map of Herodian Jerusalem[114]