LANDSCAPES.
311. St. Louis (from the river below, in 1836), a town on the Mississippi, with 25,000 inhabitants.
312. View on Upper Mississippi, beautiful prairie bluffs, everywhere covered with a green turf.
313. “Bad Axe” battle-ground, where Black Hawk was defeated by General Atkinson, above Prairie du Chien. Indians making defence and swimming the river.
314. Chippeways gathering wild rice near the source of St. Peter’s; shelling their rice into their bark canoes, by bending it over, and whipping it with sticks.
315. View near “Prairie la Crosse,” beautiful prairie bluffs, above Prairie du Chien, Upper Mississippi.
316. “Cap o’lail” (garlic cape), a bold and picturesque promontory on Upper Mississippi.
317. Picturesque Bluffs above Prairie du Chien, Upper Mississippi.
318. “Pike’s Tent,” the highest bluff on the river, Upper Mississippi.
319. View of the “Cornice Rocks,” and “Pike’s Tent,” in distance, 750 miles above St. Louis, on Upper Mississippi.
320. “Lover’s Leap,” on Lake Pepin, Upper Mississippi, a rock 500 feet high, where an Indian girl threw herself off a few years since, to avoid marrying the man to whom she was given by her father.
321. Falls of St. Anthony, 900 miles above St. Louis; perpendicular fall eighteen feel: Upper Mississippi.
322. Madame Ferrebault’s Prairie from the river above; the author and his companion descending the river in a bark canoe, above Prairie du Chien, Upper Mississippi; beautiful grass-covered bluffs.
323. “Little Falls,” near the Falls of St. Anthony, on a small stream.
324. “La Montaigne que tremps l'Eau,” Mississippi, above Prairie du Chien.
325. Cassville, below Prairie du Chien, Upper Mississippi; a small village just commenced, in 1835.
326. Dubuque, a town in the lead-mining country.
327. Galena, a small town on Upper Mississippi, in the lead-mining district.
328. Rock Island, United States Garrison, Upper Mississippi.
329. Beautiful Prairie Bluffs, ditto.
330. Dubuque’s Grave, ditto.
Dubuque was the first miner in the lead-mines under the Spanish grant. He built his own sepulchre, and raised a cross over it, on a beautiful bluff, overlooking the river, forty years ago, where it now stands.
331. River Bluffs, magnificent view, Upper Mississippi.
332. Fort Snelling, at the mouth of St. Peter’s, U. S. Garrison, seven miles below the Falls of St. Anthony, Upper Mississippi.
333. Prairie du Chien, 500 miles above St. Louis, Upper Mississippi, United States Garrison.
334. Chippeway Village and Dog Feast at the Falls of St. Anthony; lodges built with birch-bark: Upper Mississippi.
335. Sioux Village, Lake Calhoun, near Fort Snelling; lodges built with poles.
336. “Coteau des Prairies,” head-waters of St. Peter’s. My companion, Indian guide, and myself encamping at sunset, cooking by our fire, made of buffalo-dung.
337. “Pipestone Quarry,” on the Coteau des Prairies, 300 miles N. W. from the Falls of St. Anthony, on the divide between the St. Peter’s and Missouri.
The place where the Indians get the stone for all their red pipes. The mineral, red steatite, variety differing from any other known locality—wall of solid, compact quartz, grey and rose colour, highly polished as if vitrified; the wall is two miles in length and thirty feet high, with a beautiful cascade leaping from its top into a basin. On the prairie, at the base of the wall, the pipeclay (steatite) is dug up at two and three feet depth. There are seen five immense granite boulders, under which there are two squaws, according to their tradition, who eternally dwell there—the guardian spirits of the place—and must be consulted before the pipestone can be dug up.
338. Sault de St. Mary’s—Indians catching white fish in the rapids at the outlet of Lake Superior, by dipping their scoop nets.
339. Sault de St. Mary’s from the Canadian Shore, Lake Superior, showing the United States Garrison in the distance.
340. View on the St. Peter’s River, twenty miles above Fort Snelling.
341. View on the St. Peter’s—Sioux Indians pursuing a Stag in their canoes.
342. Salt Meadows on the Upper Missouri, and great herds of buffalo—incrustation of salt, which looks like snow.
Salt water flows over the prairie in the spring, and, evaporating during the summer, leaves the ground covered with muriate as white as snow.
343. Pawnee Village in Texas, at the base of a spur of the Rocky Mountains—lodges thatched with prairie-grass.
344. View on the Canadian, in Texas.
345. View of the junction of Red River with the False Washitta, in Texas.
346. Camanchee Village, in Texas, showing a spur of the Rocky Mountains in the distance—lodges made of buffalo-skins. Women dressing robes and drying meat.
347. View on the Wisconsin—Winnebagoes shooting ducks, in bark canoe.
348. Lac du Cygne (Swan Lake), near the Coteau des Prairies.
A famous place, where myriads of white swans lay their eggs and hatch their young.
349. Beautiful Savannah in the pine-woods of Florida.
One of thousands of small lakes which have been gradually filled in with vegetation.
350. View on Lake St. Croix, Upper Mississippi.
351. View on the Canadian—Dragoons crossing, 1834.
352. Ta-wa-que-nah, or Rocky Mountain, near the Camanchee Village, Texas.
353. Camanchee Village, and Dragoons approaching it, showing the hospitable manner in which they were received by the Camanchees. Camanchee warriors all riding out and forming in a line, with a white flag, to receive the Dragoons.
354. White Sand Bluffs, on Santa Rosa Island; and Seminoles drying fish, near Pensacola, on the Gulf of Florida.
355. View of the “Stone Man Medicine,” Coteau des Prairies.
A human figure of some rods in length, made on the top of a high bluff, by laying flat stones on the grass. A great mystery or medicine place of the Sioux.
356. Fort Winnebago, on the head of Fox River, an United States outpost.
357. Fort Howard, Green Bay, an U. S. outpost.
358. Fort Gibson, Arkansas, an U. S. outpost, 700 miles west of Mississippi river.
359. The “Short Tower,” Wisconsin.
360. Passing the “Grand Chute” with bark canoe, Fox River.
361. View of Mackinaw, Lake Michigan, an U. S. outpost.
362. View in the “Cross Timbers,” where General Leavenworth died on the Mexican borders.
363. View on Lower Missouri—alluvial banks falling in, with their huge cotton-woods, forming raft and snags, 600 miles above St. Louis.
364. View on Upper Missouri—the “Blackbird’s Grave.”
Where “Blackbird,” Chief of the Omahas, was buried on his favourite war-horse, which was alive; 1100 miles above St. Louis.
365. View on Upper Missouri—“Blackbird’s Grave,” a back view; prairies enamelled with wild flowers.
366. View on Upper Missouri—“Brick Kilns,” volcanic remains, clay bluffs, 200 feet, supporting large masses of red pumice, 1900 miles above St. Louis.
367. View on Upper Missouri—Foot war-party on the march, beautiful prairie—spies and scouts in advance.
368. View on Upper Missouri—Prairie Bluffs at sunrising, near mouth of Yellow Stone.
369. View on Upper Missouri—Mouth of the Platte; its junction with the Missouri, 900 miles above St. Louis.
370. View on Upper Missouri—Magnificent Clay Bluffs, 1800 miles above St. Louis; stupendous domes and ramparts, resembling some ancient ruins; streak of coal near the water’s edge; and my little canoe, with myself and two men, Bogard and Bàtiste, descending the river.
371. View on Upper Missouri—Cabane’s trading-house; Fur Company’s establishment: 930 miles above St. Louis, showing a great avalanche of the bluffs.
372. View on Upper Missouri—View in the Grand Détour, 1900 miles above St. Louis. Magnificent clay bluffs, with red pumice-stone resting on their tops, and a party of Indians approaching buffalo.
373. View on Upper Missouri—Beautiful Grassy Bluffs, 110 miles above St Louis.
374. View on Upper Missouri—Prairie Meadows burning, and a party of Indians running from it in grass eight or ten feet high.
These scenes are terrific and hazardous in the extreme when the wind is blowing a gale.
375. View on Upper Missouri—Prairie Bluffs burning.
376. View on Upper Missouri—“Floyd’s Grave,” where Lewis and Clarke buried Serjeant Floyd thirty-three years since; a cedar post and sign over the grave.
377. View on Upper Missouri—Sioux encamped, dressing buffalo-meat, and robes.
378. View on Upper Missouri—“The Tower,” 1100 miles above St. Louis.
379. View on upper Missouri—Distant view of the Mandan Village, 1800 miles above St. Louis.
380. View on Upper Missouri—Picturesque Clay Bluff, 1700 miles above St. Louis.
381. View on Upper Missouri—“Belle Vue”—Indian Agency of Major Dougherty, 870 miles above St. Louis.
382. View on Upper Missouri—Beautiful Clay Bluffs, 1900 miles above St. Louis.
383. View on Upper Missouri—Minatarree Village, earth-covered lodges, on Knife River, 1810 miles above St. Louis. Bàtiste, Bogard, and myself ferried across the river by an Indian woman, in a skin canoe, and Indians bathing in the stream.
384. View on Upper Missouri—Fort Pierre, Mouth of Teton River—Fur Company’s trading-post, 1200 miles above St. Louis, with 600 lodges of Sioux Indians encamped about it, in skin lodges.
385. View on Upper Missouri—Nishnabottana Bluffs, 1070 miles above St. Louis.
386. View on Upper Missouri—Riccaree Village, with earth-covered lodges, 1600 miles above St. Louis.
387. View on Upper Missouri—South side of “Buffalo Island,” showing the beautiful buffalo-bush, with its blue leaves, and bending down with fruit.
388. View on Upper Missouri—Mouth of Yellow Stone—Fur Company’s Fort, their principal post, 2000 miles above St. Louis, and a large party of Knisteneux encamped about it.
389. View on Upper Missouri—the “Iron Bluff,” 1200 miles above St. Louis, a beautiful subject for a landscape.
390. View on Upper Missouri—View in the “Big Bend,” 1900 miles above St. Louis; showing the manner in which the conical bluffs on that river are formed; table-lands in distance, rising several hundred feet above the summit level of the prairie.
391. View on Upper Missouri—View in the “Big Bend”—magnificent clay bluffs, with high table-land in the distance.
392. View on Upper Missouri—Back view of the Mandan Village, showing their mode of depositing their dead, on scaffolds, enveloped in skins, and of preserving and feeding the skulls; 1800 miles above St. Louis. Women feeding the skulls of their relatives with dishes of meat.
393. View on Upper Missouri—Prairie Buffs, 1100 miles above St. Louis.
394. View on Upper Missouri—“The Three Domes,” 15 miles above Mandans. A singular group of clay bluffs, like immense domes, with skylights.
395. View on Upper Missouri—the “Square Hills,” 1200 miles above St. Louis
396. View on Upper Missouri—River Bluffs and White Wolves in the foreground.
397. View on Upper Missouri—Beautiful Prairie Bluffs, above the Puncahs, 1050 miles above St. Louis.
398. View on Upper Missouri—Look from Floyd’s Grave. 1300 miles above St. Louis.
399. View on Upper Missouri—River Bluffs, 1320 miles above St. Louis.
400. View on Upper Missouri—Buffalo herds crossing the river. Bàtiste, Bogard, and I, passing them in our bark canoe, with some danger to our lives. A buffalo scene in their running season.
401. View on Upper Missouri—Clay Bluffs, 20 miles above the Mandans.
402. View on Upper Missouri—Nishnabottana Bluffs.
403. View on Upper Missouri—Indians encamping at sunset.