CONTENTS.

PART I.—THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS.
Section I.—The Drawing Office and its Furnishings.
PAGE
The Drawing Office[1]
Instruments[2]
Materials[5]
Precautions and Remarks[9]
Section II.—Geometrical Problems.[15]
Section III.—Lines, Dots, and their Combinations.
Straight and Curved Lines[27]
Lines of uneven thickness[30]
The Broken Line[30]
The Dotted Line[31]
Combinations of Straight, Broken, and Dotted Lines[31]
The Wavy Line[33]
Grass-land[34]
Swamps and Marshy Ground[35]
Sand and Gravel[35]
Woodland[36]
Uncultivated Land[37]
Contour Lines[37]
Section IV.—Colours.
Flat-tints[40]
Conventional Colours[44]
Water[45]
Grass-land[45]
Marsh[45]
Sand and Gravel[46]
Mud[46]
Woodland[46]
Cultivated Land[47]
Uncultivated Land[47]
Buildings[47]
Roads and Streets[47]
Fences[47]
Section V.—Shading.
Application of Shade Lines[48]
Cylindrical Surfaces[50]
Shading Lines[50]
Shading Lines on Cylindrical Surfaces[51]
Shading Lines in Topographical Drawings[52]
The Vertical System of Shading[57]
Shading in Colours[63]
Hill Slopes[63]
Cylindrical Surfaces in Mechanical Drawings[64]
PART II.—APPLICATIONS.
Section I.—Lettering, Bordering, and North Points.
Lettering[66]
Borders[69]
North Points[69]
Section II.—Scales.
Scales of Distances[70]
Scales of Construction[74]
Section III.—Plotting.
Reference Lines and Points[78]
Plotted Points[78]
To Plot Reference Lines and Points[78]
To Plot Traverse Reference Lines[84]
To Plot Detail[89]
To Plot Contours[90]
To Plot Sounded Points in Submerged Districts[90]
Errors and Error-sheets[91]
To Plot Vertical Sections[92]
To lay down Gradients[95]
To Plot a Section from a Contour Map[96]
Section IV.—Civil Engineers’ and Surveyors’ Plans.
StandingOrders ofParliament [98]
„„„Documents required[99]
„„„Plans[100]
„„„Book of Reference[101]
„„„Sections[101]
Working Sections[103]
Regulations of Local Government Board:—
Boundary Maps[104]
Maps for Division into Wards[104]
Plans of Proposed Works[105]
General Plan[105]
Detailed Plan[106]
Mining Plans[106]
Estate and Town Plans[107]
Section V.—Map Drawing.
Single Stroke Streams[109]
Double Line Streams and Rivers[110]
Colouring Streams or Rivers[110]
Islands and Sand-banks, Sandy and Pebbly Beds of Rivers[110]
Roads and Pathways[111]
Mountain Passes[111]
Fords and Ferries, Toll-gates[111]
Telegraph Lines and Stations[112]
Railways, Stations, and Termini[112]
Size of Cities, Towns, and Villages[112]
Sketching, Shading, and Copying Hills[113]
Field Sketching[114]
Examination of Maps in the Field[118]
Section VI.—Mechanical and ArchitecturalDrawings.[121]
Section VII.—Copying and Reducing.
Drawing from Copy[127]
Copying by Tracing[128]
Copying by Transfer[129]
Reducing and Enlarging[130]
The Pantograph[131]
The Eidograph[136]
Drawings for Lithographers and Engravers[141]
Trigonometrical Formulæ[142]
Inclined Measure[143]
Curvature and Refraction[143]
Index[144]