A.
[Absolute] and relative, radically distinct points of view, i. [23 n.];
of Xenophanes, [18];
of Parmenides, [20-24], [66];
agrees with Kant’s, [21];
of Herakleitus, [29];
and Parmenides opposed, [37];
of Anaxagoras, homœomeries, [59 n.];
of Demokritus, [71], [80];
of Zeno, [93], [101];
Gorgias the Leontine reasoned against, as ens or entia, [103];
and relative, antithetised by Plato in regard to the beautiful, ii. [54];
Plato’s argument against, iii. [204], [227];
to Plato the only real, [385];
an objective, impossible, [294 n.], [298 n.];
see [Relative].
[Abstract], dialectic deals with, rhetoric with concrete, ii. [52], [53];
and concrete aggregates, [ ib.];
terms, debates about meaning, iii. [ 76-78];
different views of Aristotle and Plato, [76];
and concrete, difference not conspicuous in Plato’s time, [229].
[Academy], the, i. [254];
decorations, [269 n.];
Platonic school removed, 87 B.C. , [265 n.];
library founded for use of inmates and special visitors, [278 n.];
Cicero on negative vein of, [131 n.]
[Achilleus], and the tortoise, i. [97];
preferred by Hippias to Odysseus, ii. [56].
[Acoustics], to be studied by applying arithmetical relations and theories, iv. [74].
[Actual] and potential, Aristotle’s distinction, iii. [135 n.], i. [139].
Ælian, ii. [85 n.]
Æschines, Sokraticus, dialogues of, i. [112], [114 n.], [115], [211 n.];
Lysias’ oration against, [112].
Æsculapius, belief in, ii. [418 n.]
Æthiops, i. [195].
[Affirmative], see [Negative].
[Aggregate], see [Whole].
Αἰδώς, meaning, ii. [269 n.]
Αἴσθησις, relation to ἐπιστήμη, iii. [164 n.];
conceptions of Aristotle and Plato compared, [ib.];
connected by Plato with ἀΐσσω, iv. [235 n.];
see [Sense].
Ἀκολασία, derivation, iii. [302 n.]
Ἀλήθεια, derivation, iii. [302 n.]
[Alexander] of Aphrodisias, on Chance, i. [143 n.]
[Alexandrian Museum] founded as a copy of the Platonic and Aristotelic μουσεῖα at Athens, i. [277];
date of foundation, [280];
Demetrius Phalereus chief agent in its establishment, [ib.];
its contents, [275];
rapid accumulation of books, [ib.];
under charge of Aristophanes, [273];
contained Plato’s works before time of Aristophanes, [274];
editions of Plato issued, [295];
its authority followed by ancient critics, [297], [299].
Alkibiadês, when young, frequented Sokrates’ society, ii. [21];
attachment of Sokrates to, iii. [8];
fitness as ideal in Alkibiadês I. and II., ii. [22];
see [Alkibiadês I. and II.] and [Symposion.]
[Alkibiadês] I. and II., different critical opinions, ii. [17];
date, i. [306], [308-11], ii. [22];
authenticity, i. [306-7], [309-10], ii. [2 n.], [17];
prolixity, [26];
circumstances and interlocutors, [1];
fitness of historical Alkibiadês for ideal, [22];
no bearing on the historical Alkibiadês, [20 n.];
the Platonic picture an ideal, [22];
illustrates Sokratico-Platonic method in negative and positive aspect, [7];
actual and anticipated effects of dialectic, [11];
analogy with Xenophontic dialogues, [21], [29];
Alkibiadês as Athenian adviser, [2];
advises on war and peace, his standard the just and unjust, [3];
whence knowledge of it, [4];
from the multitude, their judgment worthless, [5];
the expedient and inexpedient substituted, [6];
the just identified with the good, honourable, expedient, [7];
ignorance of Athenian statesmen, eulogy of Spartan and Persian kings, [8];
Alkibiadês must become good — for what end and how, [8-10];
confesses his ignorance, [10];
will never leave Sokrates, [12];
Delphian maxim — the mind the self, [11];
self-knowledge, from looking into other minds is temperance, [11];
situation in Second, [12];
danger of prayer for mischievous gifts — most men unwise, [ ib.];
instances of injurious gifts — mischiefs of ignorance, [14];
depend on the subject-matter, [ ib.];
few wise public counsellors, why called wise, [15];
special accomplishments often hurtful, if no knowledge of the good, [16];
Sokrates on prayer and sacrifice, [ ib.];
Sokrates’ purpose, to humble presumptuous youths, [21];
his mission against false persuasion of knowledge, [24];
his positive solutions illusory, [ 26-7];
opinion embraces all varieties of knowledge save of the good, [30];
the good, how known — unsolved, [31].
[Allegorical] interpretation of poets, ii. [285];
see [Mythe].
[Ἀλυπία], the Good, iii. [338 n.];
not identical with pleasure, [353], [377];
and pleasure included in Hedonists’ end, [ib.];
is a negative condition intermediate between pleasure and pain, iv. [86].
[Amabile primum], ii. [181], [191];
approximates to Idea of Good, [192];
the Good, [194];
compared with Aristotle’s prima amicitia, [ib.]
[Ana] of philosophers, i. [153 n.]
[Analogical] and generic wholes, ii. [47], [193 n.], iii. [365].
[Analogy], Aristotle first distinguished ὁμώνυμα, συνώνυμα, and κατ’ ἀναλογίαν, iii. [94 n.];
see [Metaphor].
Ἀνάμνησις different from μνήμη, iii. [350 n.];
see [Reminiscence].
Ἀναθυμίασις, i. [35 n.]
[Anaxagoras], chiefly physical, i. [48];
physics, [49];
homœomeries, [48], [52 n.], [53], [55-6], [58 n.];
essential intermixture of Demokritean atoms analogous, [79 n.];
denied generation and destruction, [48];
and simple bodies, [52 n.];
chaos, [50], [50 n.], [54];
Nous, relation to the homœomeries, [54-57];
originates rotatory movement in chaotic mass, [50];
exercised only a catalytic agency, [55];
alone pure and unmixed, [50];
immaterial and impersonal, [56 n.];
its two attributes, to move and to know, [ ib.];
compared with Herakleitus’ περιέχον, [ ib.];
Plato’s Idea of Good, ii. [412];
represented later as a god, i. [54];
his own view of it. [ib.];
theory as understood by Sokrates, ii. [393], [400], [402 n.];
Hegel on, [403 n.];
erroneously charged with inconsistency, i. [56], ii. [394], [407];
animal bodies purer than air or earth, i. [51];
suggested partly by the phenomenon of animal nutrition, [53];
air and fire, [52], [56 n.];
astronomy, [57];
his geology, meteorology, and physiology, [58];
his heresy, Sokrates on, [413];
threatened prosecution for impiety, [59];
accused of substituting physical for mental causes, ii. [401];
opposed Empedokles’ theory of sensation, i. [58];
theory of vision, iv. [237 n.];
illusions of sense, i. [59 n.];
compared with Empedokles, [52];
relation to Anaximander, [54];
agreement with Diogenes of Apollonia, [64];
influence on Aristotle, [89].
[Anaximander], philosophy, i. [5];
Infinite reproduced in chaos of Anaxagoras, [54];
relation to Empedokles, [ ib.]
[Anaximenes], i. [7].
[Angler], definition of, iii. [189].
[Animal] bodies purer than air or earth, i. [51];
generation, Empedokles on, [42];
Demokritus’ researches in, [75];
kosmos the copy of the Αὐτόζωον, iv. [223], [235 n.], [263];
genesis of inferior from degenerate man, [252];
genesis of, [421].
[Annikeris], i. [202].
Ἀνόητα, meaning, iii. [65 n.]
[Antalkidas], peace of, iii. [404].
Anterastæ, see [Erastæ].
Ἀνθρώπινα, τά, iv. [302 n.]
[Antipater], i. [195].
[Antisthenes], works, i. [111], [115], [163 n.];
constant friend of Sokrates, [152];
copied manner of Sokrates in plainness and rigour, [150], [158 n.];
ethical, not transcendental, [122], [149];
and ascetic, [151], [160];
did not borrow from the Veda, [159 n.];
only identical predication possible, iii. [221], [223], [232 n.], [252], i. [165];
coincidence with Plato, ii. [47 n.];
refutation of, in Sophistês, iii. [223], [390 n.], i. [163], [165];
misconceived the function of the copula, iii. [221];
errors due to the then imperfect logic, [241];
fallacies of, ii. [215];
not caricatured in Kratylus, iii. [304 n.], [322 n.];
on pleasure, [389 n.];
compared with Aristippus, i. [190];
antipathy to Plato, [151], [152 n.], [165];
opposed Platonic ideas, [164];
the first protest of Nominalism against Realism, [ib.];
qualities non-existent without the mind, iii. [74 n.];
distinction of simple and complex objects, i. [171];
simple undefinable, [ ib.];
Aristotle on, [172];
Plato, [ib.];
Mill, [ib. n.];
Aristotle on school of, [115];
doctrines developed by Stoics, [198].
Antoninus, Marcus, view of death, [i. 422 n.];
etymologies, iii. [308 n.];
Pius, compared to Sokrates, ii. [382 n.], [ iii. 21 n. ]
[Anytus], hostility to Sophists, ii. [240];
and philosophy generally, [255].
Ἄπειρον, see [Infinite].
[Aphorisms] of Herakleitus and the Pythagoreans, i. [106].
[Aphroditê], influence very small in Platonic state, iv. [197], [359 n.]
Ἀφροσύνη, equivoque, ii. [279].
[Apollo], to be consulted for religious legislation, iv. [34], [137 n.], [325], [337];
Xenophon on, i. [237];
consulted by Xenophon under Sokrates’ advice, [208].
[Apology], naturally the first dialogue for review, i. [411];
authenticity, [304], [306], [410], [422 n.], ii. [421 n.];
date, i. [306-8], [311], [313], [330];
Zeno, the Stoic, attracted to Athens by perusal of, [418];
its general character, [412];
is Sokrates’ real defence not intentionally altered [410];
testimony to truth of general features of Sokrates’ character in, [419 n.];
differently set forth in Kriton, [428];
Sokrates’ mission, to combat false persuasion of knowledge, [374], ii. [24];
influence of public beliefs, generated without any ostensible author, i. [424];
Sokrates’ judgment on poets, expanded, ii. [129];
compared with Gorgias, [362 n.], [368];
Phædon, [419];
Kleitophon, iii. [421];
Antigone of Sophokles, i. [ 429 n.]
[Appetite] subordinated by Plato and Aristotle to reason and duty, iv. [204];
soul, [245];
analogous to craftsmen in state, [39].
[À priori], Plato’s dogmas are, i. [399];
reasonings, Plato differs from moderns, ii. [251];
element of cognition, iii. [118].
[Archelaus] of Macedonia, ii. [325], [333 n.], [334], [336].
[Archilochus], censured by Herakleitus, i. [26].
Ἀρετή, derivation, iii. [301 n.]
Arêtê, i. [195].
[Argos], bad basis of government, iv. [310].
Argumenta ad Hominem, i. [98].
[Aristeides], pupil of Sokrates, ii. [102];
reply to Gorgias, [371 n.], i. [243 n.];
belief in dreams, iii. [146 n.]
[Aristippus], works, i. [111], [116];
ethical, not transcendental, [122];
discourse of Sokrates with, [175];
the choice of Herakles, [177];
Sokrates on the Good and Beautiful, [184];
good is relative to human beings and wants, [185];
relativity of knowledge, iii. [126 n.], i. [198], [204];
the just and honourable, by law, not nature, [197];
prudence, a good from its consequent pleasures, [ ib.];
acted on Sokrates’ advice, [187], [199], [201];
aspiration for self-mastery, [188];
ethical theory, [195], [200 n.];
compared with Diogenes and Antisthenes, [190];
developed by Epikurus, [198];
scheme of life, [181], [188];
Horace’s analogous, [192 n.];
pleasure a generation, iii. [378 n.];
communism of wives, i. [189 n.];
contempt for geometry and physics, [186], [192];
taught as a Sophist, [193];
intercourse with Dionysius, [ib.];
antipathy to Xenophon, [182 n.]
[Aristogeiton], iii. [4 n.]
[Aristophanes], the Euthyphron a retort against, i. [442];
connects idea of immorality with free thought, iv. [166];
Sokrates in the Nubes, [230 n.];
function of poet, [306 n.];
Nubes analogous to Plato’s Leges, [277];
Vespæ, [298 n.];
Aves, [329 n.]
[Aristophanes] γραμματικός, librarian at Alexandria, i. [273];
labours, [ib. n.];
first to arrange Platonic canon, [286];
catalogue of Plato trustworthy, [285];
division of Plato into trilogies, [ 273];
principle followed by Thrasyllus, [295], [299].
[Aristotle] and Plato represent pure Hellenic philosophy, i. [xiv];
St. Jerome on, [xv];
MSS., [270], [283];
Arabic translation, iv. [213 n.];
zoological works, iii. [62 n.];
lost Dialogues, i. [262 n.];
different in form from Plato’s, [356 n.];
style, [405];
no uniform consistency, [340 n.];
relation to predecessors, [85], [91];
importance of his information about early Greek philosophy, [85];
as historian, misled by his own conceptions, [24 n.];
contrasts “human wisdom” with primitive theology, [3 n.];
treatment of his predecessors compared by Bacon to conduct of a Sultan, [85 n.];
blames Ionic philosophy for attending to material cause alone, [87];
abstractions of, compared with Ionians, [ib.];
erroneously identified heat with Parmenides’ ens, [24 n.];
on Zeno’s arguments, [93];
on Anaxagorean homœomeries, [52 n.];
charges Anaxagoras with inconsistency, [56];
relation to Empedokles and Anaxagoras, [89];
approves of fundamental tenet of Diogenes of Apollonia, [61 n.];
Demokritus often mentioned in, iv. [355 n.];
blames Demokritus for omitting final causes, i. [73 n.];
on flux of Herakleitus, iii. [154 n.];
accused of substituting physical for mental causes, ii. [401 n.];
cause, difference from Plato, [407];
controversy with Megarics about Power, i. [135];
depends on question of universal regularity of sequence, [141];
Megarics defended by Hobbes, [143];
Aristotle’s arguments not valid, [ 136-9];
himself concedes the doctrine, [139 n.];
distinction of actual and potential, iii. [135 n.], i. [139];
graduation of causes, [142];
motion, coincides nearly with Diodôrus Kronus, [146];
and Hobbes, [ ib.];
chance, [142];
physics retrograded with, [89 n.];
sphericity of kosmos, [25 n.], iv. [225 n.];
Demiurgus little noticed in, [255];
Plato’s geometrical theory of the elements, [241 n.];
espoused and enlarged astronomical theory of Eudoxus, i. [257 n.];
reason of the kosmos, different from Sokrates’ conception, ii. [402 n.];
on Eudoxus, iii. [375 n.], [379 n.];
time, [103];
friend of Ptolemy Soter, i. [279];
pupil of Plato, [260];
opposition during Plato’s lifetime, [360 n.];
mode of alluding to Plato, iii. [186 n.];
on Plato’s lectures, i. [347];
on poetical vein in Plato, [343], iv. [255 n.];
Plato’s tendency to found arguments on metaphor, ii. [337 n.];
ontology substratum for phenomenology, i. [24 n.];
philosophia prima, [358 n.], iii. [230 n.], [382];
materia prima, i. [72];
view of logic of a science, different from Plato’s, [358 n.];
on Plato’s ideas, [348], [360 n.], ii. [192], [194 n.], [410 n.], iii. [64 n.], [65 n.], [66 n.], [67 n.], [77 n.], [78], [245], [367 n.], iv. [214 n.], i. [120 n.];
generic and analogical aggregates, ii. [193], iii. [365 n.];
Sophistês an approximation to Aristotle’s view, [247];
definition of ens, [230 n.], [242 n.];
on the different, [238 n.];
partly successful in fitting on the ideas to facts of sense, [78];
percept prior to the percipient, [76 n.];
conception of αἴσθησις, [165 n.];
Plato’s theory of vision, iv. [237 n.];
Plato’s doctrine of naming, iii. [286 n.], [294 n.], [325 n.];
etymologies, [301 n.], [307 n.], [308 n.];
no analysis or classification of propositions before, [222];
propositions, some true, others false, assumed, [249];
definition of simple objects, i. [172];
on only identical predication possible, [166], [171];
more careful than Plato in distinguishing equivoques, ii. [170], [279 n.];
equivocal meaning of know, [213 n.];
indeterminate predicates Ens, Unum, Idem, &c., iii. [94];
first to attempt classification of fallacies, ii. [212];
De Sophisticis Elenchis, [222];
first distinguished ὁμώνυμα, συνώνυμα, and κατ’ ἀναλογίαν, iii. [94 n.];
two methods, coincide with Thrasyllus’ classification, i. [303];
basis of dialectic, [133 n.];
negative method, its necessity as a condition of reasoned truth, [372 n.];
distinct aptitudes required for dialectic, ii. [54];
on dissecting function of dialectic, [70 n.];
distinction of dialectic and eristic, [221 n.];
precepts for debate, iii. [91 n.];
Rhetoric, [43];
on Menexenus, [409 n.], [412 n.];
distinction of ends, [374 n.];
good the object of universal desire, [372 n.];
threefold division of good, iv. [428 n.];
no common end among established νόμιμα, iii. [282 n.];
combats Sokrates’ thesis in Memorabilia and Hippias Minor, ii. [67];
lying not justifiable, iii. [386 n.];
meanings of justice, iv. [102];
meaning of φύσει, iii. [294 n.];
on opposition of natural and legal justice, ii. [340 n.];
nature, iv. [387 n.];
on Law, ii. [92 n.];
theory of politics to resist King Nomos, i. [392];
on virtue is knowledge, ii. [67 n.], [290 n.];
divine inspiration, [131 n.];
σοφία and φρόνησις, [120 n.];
on τὸ ἀδικεῖν βέλτιον τοῦ ἀδικεῖσθαι, [ 333 n.];
treatment of courage and temperance, compared with Plato’s, [170];
derivation of σωφροσύνη, iii. [301 n.];
on pleasure, [383 n.], [386 n.];
pleasure not a generation, [378 n.];
painless pleasures of geometry, [357], [388 n.];
on intense pleasures, [376 n.];
on Antisthenes, [253 n.];
school of Antisthenes, i. [115];
on friendship, ii. [186];
prima amicitia, compared with Sokrates’ amabile primum, [194];
on Plato’s reminiscence, [250 n.];
immortality of soul, [420 n.];
relation of body to soul, iii. [389 n.];
on function of lungs, iv. [245 n.];
liver, [258 n.];
Plato’s physiology and pathology compared with, [260];
definition of sophist, ii. [210];
equally with Sophists, laid claim to universal knowledge, iii. [219];
on Homo mensura, [120 n.], [128 n.], [131 n.], [132 n.], [149 n.], [152];
cites from the Protagoras, ii. [290 n.];
category of relation, iii. [128 n.];
the Axioms of Mathematics, i. [358 n.];
ethics and politics treated apart, iv. [138];
three ends of political constructor, [328 n.];
education combined with polity, [142], [184];
on principle that every citizen belongs to the city, [187], [189 n.];
training of Spartan women, [188];
views on teaching, iii. [53 n.];
chorus of elders only criticise, iv. [297 n.];
importance of music in education, [151 n.], [305];
ethical and emotional effects conveyed by sense of hearing, [307 n.];
implication of intelligence and emotion, iii. [374 n.];
view of tragic poetry, iv. [317 n.];
Plato’s ideal state, [139 n.];
it is two states, [185];
objection valid against his own ideal, [186 n.];
the Demos adjuncts, not members of state, [184];
Plato’s state impossible, in what sense true, [189];
democracy and monarchy not mother-polities, [312 n.];
oligarchical character of Plato’s second idéal, [334 n.];
idéal of character, different from Spartan, [182];
differs from Plato on slavery, [344 n.];
land of citizens, [327 n.];
number of citizens limited, [198-201], [326 n.];
communism, [180 n.];
Plato’s family restrictions, [329 n.];
on marriage, [189], [198-202];
on infanticide, [202];
recognised Malthus’ law of population, [ib.];
allusions to Leges, [272 n.], [432];
prayer and sacrifice, [394].
[Arithmetic], Pythagorean, i. [15];
modern application of their principle, [10 n.];
subject of Plato’s lectures, [349 n.];
twofold, iii. [359], [394];
to be studied, iv. [423];
awakening power of, [71], [72];
value of, [329 n.], [352];
acoustics to be studied by relations and theories of, [74];
proportionals, [224 n.], [423];
its axioms from induction, [353 n.];
Mill on assumption in axioms of, iii. [396 n.]
[Art], the supreme, is philosophy, ii. [119], [120];
disparaged by Plato, [355];
relation to science, iii. [43 n.], [45], [155], [263];
relation to morality, see [Education], [Poets].
[Ascetic] life of philosopher, ii. [386];
Pythagoreans, iii. [390 n.];
Orphics, [ib.];
Cynics, i. [151], [157];
Diogenes compared with Indian Gymnosophists and Selli, [157], [159 n.], [163 n.];
Indian Gynmosophists, antiquity of, [159 n.];
Selli, [163 n.]
[Aspasia], iii. [402], i. [112], [211 n.]
[Association] of Ideas, i. [423 n.];
Plato’s statement of general law of, ii. [191];
Aristotle, [ ib. n.];
Straton on, iii. [166 n.]
[Ast], theory of Platonic canon, i. [304];
admits only fourteen, [305];
on Apology, [422 n.];
Lachês, ii. [151];
Hippias Major, [33 n.];
Kratylus, iii. [310 n.];
Menexenus, [412 n.];
Timæus, iv. [255 n.];
Leges, [431], [434].
[Astronomy], ancient, i. [3];
of Anaxagoras, [57];
modern, doctrine of aerolithes anticipated by Diogenes of Apollonia, [64 n.];
first systematic Greek hypothesis propounded by Eudoxus, [255];
Planets, meaning in Plato’s age, iv. [354 n.], [422];
Demokritus’ idea of motions of, [355 n.];
Plato’s idea of motions of, [ ib.];
Sokrates avoided, i. [376];
Plato’s relation to theory of Eudoxus, [257 n.];
theological view of, iv. [421];
advantages of this view, [422];
object of instruction in, [354];
must be studied by ideal figures, not observation, [73].
[Atheist], loose use of term, iv. [382 n.]
[Athenians], proceedings of Sokrates repugnant to, i. [387];
statesmen, ignorance of, ii. [8], [360];
characteristics of, [118];
customs of, iii. [24 n.];
intellect predominant in, iv. [38];
Plato’s idéal of character, [147], [151];
ancient, citizens of Plato’s state identified with, [266];
general coincidence of Platonic and Attic law, [364], [374 n.], [403], [406], [430];
taxes of, i. [242 n.]
[Athens], less intolerance at, than elsewhere, iii. [277], iv. [396];
lauded, iii. [405], [409 n.];
by Xenophon, i. [238];
funeral harangues at, iii. [ 401-5];
hatred to βάρβαροι, [406 n.];
and Persia compared, iv. [312];
excess of liberty at, [ib.];
change for worse at, after Persian invasion, [313];
contrast in Demosthenes and Menexenus, [315 n.], [318];
Plato’s aversion to dramatic poetry at, [316];
peculiar to himself, [317];
Aristotle differs, [ ib. n.];
Plato’s ideal compared with, [430];
secession of philosophers from, i. [111 n.]
[Atlantic], unnavigable, the belief in Plato’s age, iv. [270].
[Atlantis], iv. [215];
description of, [268];
corruption and wickedness of people, [269];
address of Zeus, [ ib.];
submergence, [270].
[Atoms], atomic theory, i. [65];
relation to Eleatics, [66];
of Demokritus, differ, only in magnitude, figure, position, and arrangement, [69];
generate qualities by movements and combinations, [ib.], [70];
possess inherent force, [73];
not really objects of sense, [72 n.];
essentially separate from each other, [71];
yet analogous to the homœomeries of Anaxagoras, [79 n.];
different from Platonic Idea and Aristotle’s materia prima, [72];
mental, [75];
thought produced by influx of, [79].
Augustine, St., iii. [303 n.]
[Austin], meaning of law, ii. [92 n.]
[Authority], early appearance in Greece of a few freethinkers, i. [384];
multiplicity of individual authorities characteristic of Greek philosophy, [84];
distinguished them from contemporary nations, [90];
advantages, [ ib.];
influence of, on most men, [ 378-82], [392], [424], ii. [333], iv. [351];
Aristophanes connects idea of immorality with free thought, [166];
freedom of thought essential to philosophy, i. [383], [394 n.], ii. [368], iii. [151 n.];
the basis of dialectic, [147], [297], [337 n.];
all exposition an assemblage of individual judgments, [139];
belief on, relation to Homo mensura, [142], [143], [293];
Sokrates asserts right of satisfaction for his own individual reason, i. [386], [423], [436], ii. [233];
individual reason authoritative to each, i. [432];
Plato on difficulty of resisting, [392 n.];
combated by Plato, [398 n.];
Plato’s dissent from established religious doctrine, iv. [161], [163];
danger of one who dissents from the public, ii. [359], [364], [366];
dignity and independence of philosophic dissenter, upheld, [375];
individual reason worthless, Herakleitus, i. [34];
of public judgment, nothing, of expert, everything, [426], [435];
different view, [446 n.];
Sokrates does not name, but himself acts as, expert, [435];
appeal to, suppressed in Academic sect, [368 n.];
Epiktetus on, [388 n.];
Cicero, [369], [384 n.];
Bishop Huet, [ib.];
Council of Trent, [390 n.];
Dr. Vaughan, iv. [380 n.];
see [Orthodoxy].
[Averroism], iii. [68 n.]
Axiomata media, iii. [52], [369].
[Axioms] of Mathematics, Aristotle’s view, i. [358 n.];
of Arithmetic and Geometry, from induction, iii. [396 n.], iv. [353 n.]