M.
[Macaulay, Lord], Theology not a progressive science, ii. [428].
[Mackintosh, Sir J.], iv. [105 n.]
[Madness], Plato’s view, ii. [129];
of philosophers, [383];
varieties of, Eros one, iii. [11];
see [Inspiration].
[Magic], Empedokles claims powers of, i. [47];
Plato’s laws against, iv. [407].
[Magnet], analogy to poetic inspiration, ii. [128], [129].
[Magnetic] colony, see [Leges].
[Maine], meaning of natural justice, ii. [342 n.];
influence of Law in early societies, i. [382 n.]
[Making] and doing, ii. [155].
[Malebranche], ii. [404 n.], iv. [233].
[Mallet], on Sophistês, iii. [245 n.]
[Malthus], law of population, iv. [201];
recognised by Plato and Aristotle, [202].
[Man], Plato on antiquity of, iv. [307];
construction of, [243];
the cause of evil, [234];
inconsistency [ib. n.];
see [Body], [Soul], [Immortality].
Manichæanism of Leges, iv. [389 n.]
[Mansel, Dr.], iii. [124 n.]
[Mantineia], i. [211].
[Marathon], iii. [406].
[Mariandyni], iv. [343 n.]
[Marriage], temporary for guardians, iv. [43], [175-8];
object, [198];
Plato’s and modern sentiments, [192];
Aristotle, [188], [198-201];
laws in second idéal, [328], [332], [341], [344], [359], [405], [406];
board of Matrons, [345];
Malthus’ law recognised by Plato and Aristotle, [202];
divorce, [406].
[Martin] on Timæus, iv. [218 n.], [224 n.], [233 n.], [424 n.];
Leges, [355 n.]
[Materialists], iii. [203], [223];
meaning of ens, [231];
argument against, [203], [224], [226], [228];
reply open to, [224], [229].
[Matter], Aristotle’s materia prima, i. [72], iii. [397 n.];
τὸ δεκτικὸν of Timæus, [ ib.];
four elements not primitive, iv. [238];
prime, action of Ideas on, [ ib.];
Voltaire on, i. [168 n.]
[Maximus Tyrius], on Plato’s reminiscence, ii. [250 n.];
variety, iii. [400 n.]
[Measure], Plato’s conception, ii. [112], [117], iii. [260];
τὸ μέτριον of Plato, [397 n.];
Platonic idéal, undefined results, ii. [374];
Pythagorean καιρός, iii. [397 n.];
necessary, to choose pleasures rightly, ii. [293], [357 n.], iii. [391];
virtue a right estimate of pleasure and pain, ii. [293], [305];
courage a just estimate of things terrible, [307];
false estimates of pleasures habitual, iii. [353];
true pleasures admit of, [357];
directive sovereignty of, [391];
how applied in Protagoras, [ib.];
how explained in Philêbus, [393].
[Medical Art], analogy of rhetoric to, iii. [31];
reducible to rule, ii. [372 n.];
physician not bound by peremptory rules, iii. [269];
no refined, allowed, iv. [28];
Plato’s view of, [250];
synthetic character of ancient, [260 n.]
[Megarics], transcendental, not ethical, i. [122];
shared with Plato the eristic of Sokrates, [124], [126];
logical position misrepresented by historians, [131];
negative dialectic attributed by historians to, [371];
not peculiar to, [387];
the charge brought by contemporaries against Sokrates, [388];
fallacies of, ii. [215], iii. [92];
sophisms of Eubulides, i. [133];
real character of, [135];
alleged over-refinement in classification of, iii. [196 n.];
not the idealists of Sophistês, [244];
controversy with Aristotle about Power, i. [135];
Aristotle’s arguments not valid, [ 136-8];
Aristotle himself concedes the doctrine, [139 n.];
doctrine of Diodôrus Kronus, [140], [143];
defended by Hobbes, [ ib.];
depends on question of universal regularity of sequence, [141];
sophism of Diodôrus Kronus, [ ib.], [143];
Stilpon, [147];
Cicero on, [135 n.];
Ritter, [129 n.];
Prantl, [ib.], [132 n.];
Zeller, [131 n.];
Winckelmann, [132 n.];
Marbach, [ib.];
Tiedemann, [ib.];
Stallbaum, [ib.];
Deycks, [136 n.];
see [Eukleides].
[Melêtus], reply of Sokrates to, Plato and Xenophon compared, i. [456];
Plato’s views coincide with, iv. [211], [230 n.], [381], [385], [411], i. [113].
[Melissus] of Samos, i. [93].
[Memory], difference of μνήμη and ἀνάμνησις, iii. [350 n.];
see [Association].
Ménage, on etymology, iii. [303 n.]
Menedêmus the Eretrian, i. [148];
disallowed negative predications, [170].
Menexenus, its authenticity, i. [316], [338], iii. [412 n.];
date, i. [307], [309], [313], [324];
anachronism, iii. [411];
scenery and persons, [401];
funeral harangues at Athens, [ib.], [404];
Sokrates recites harangue learnt from Aspasia, [402];
framed on the established type, [405];
excited much admiration, [407];
probable motives of Plato, [ib.], [410];
contrast with Leges, iv. [315 n.], [318];
Gorgias, ii. [374], iii. [409].
Menon, date, i. [306-7], [308-10], [313], [315], [325 n.], ii. [228 n.], [246 n.];
purpose, [235];
gives points in common between Sokrates and Sophists, [257];
scenery and persons, [232];
is virtue teachable, [ib.], [239], iii. [330 n.];
plurality of virtues, ii. [233];
search for common property, [234];
how is process of search useful, [237];
Sokrates’ cross-examination like effect of torpedo, [ib.];
analogies, definitions of figure and colour, [235];
Menon’s definition, refuted, [236];
theory of reminiscence, [237];
illustrated by questioning Menon’s slave, [238], [249 n.], [251];
metempsychosis, [249];
little said of the Ideas, [253], [255 n.];
virtue is knowledge, [239];
and so teachable, [240];
relation of opinion to knowledge, [241], [255 n.], [392 n.], iii. [172 n.];
right opinion of good statesmen, from inspiration, ii. [242];
highest virtue teachable, but all existing virtue is from inspiration, [ib.];
virtue itself remains unknown, [ib.], [245];
Sokrates’ doctrine, universal desire of good, [243];
compared with Phædrus and Phædon, [249];
Protagoras, [244];
Politikus, iii. [283];
Timæus, Gorgias, Republic, ii. [254 n.]
[Mentiens], sophism, i. [128], [133].
Messênê, bad basis of government, iv. [310].
[Metaphor], Herakleitus’ exposition by, i. [28], [30], [37 n.];
Plato’s tendency to found arguments on, [343], [353], n., ii. [337 n.], iii. [65 n.], [173], [207], [351], [364];
doctrine of Ideas derived its plausibility from, i. [343];
waxen memorial tablet in the mind, iii. [169];
pigeon-cage, [171];
souls’ κνῆσις compared to children’s teething, [399 n.];
the steersman, iv. [53];
Idea of Good in intellectual, as sun in visible, [63];
the cave, iii. [257 n.], iv. [ 67-70];
analogy of state and individual, [11], [20], [39], [79-84], [96];
exaggerated, [115], [121], [124];
kosmos, absolute height and depth, [87].
[Metaphysics], see [Ontology].
[Meteorology], of Anaxagoras, i. [58];
Diogenes of Apollonia, [64];
Sokrates avoided, [376].
[Metempsychosis], included in all ancient speculations, ii. [390], [425 n.];
belief of Empedokles, i. [46];
included in Plato’s proof of soul’s immortality, ii. [414];
theory of, [237], [247], iv. [234];
of ordinary men only, ii. [390], [416], [425];
mythe, iii. [12], [14 n.];
general doctrine in Virgil, ii. [425 n.]
[Method], revolutionised by Sokrates, i. [x];
obstetric, [367], ii. [251], iii. [112], [176];
Aristotle’s Dialectic and Demonstrative, i. [363];
see [Dialectic], [Negative], [Inductive].
[Metics], admission of, iv. [362];
Xenophon on, i. [238].
Μέτριον, τό, of Plato, iii. [397 n.]
[Michelet], iv. [151 n.]
[Middle ages], disputations in the, i. [397 n.];
views on causation, ii. [409 n.]
Μίγμα, see [Chaos].
[Mill, Jas.], on law of mental association, ii. [192 n.];
transmission of established morality of a society, [275 n.];
on the moral sense, iv. [128 n.];
ethical end, [105 n.]
[Mill, J. S.], on vague connotation of general terms, ii. [48 n.];
evils of informal debate, [220 n.], [222 n.];
definition of fallacy, i. [129];
heads of fallacies, ii. [218];
fallacies of confusion, Descartes’ argument, iii. [297 n.];
of Sufficient Reason, earliest example of, i. [6 n.];
relativity of knowledge, iii. [128 n.];
abstract names, [78 n.];
simple objects undefinable, i. [172 n.];
comparison of Form with particular phenomena, iii. [64 n.];
necessity of Verification, [168 n.];
antecedent, consequent, simultaneous, [165 n.];
assumption in axioms of arithmetic, [396 n.];
axioms of arithmetic and geometry, from induction, iv. [353 n.];
ultimate laws of nature, iii. [132 n.];
relation of art to science, [43 n.];
the beautiful, ii. [50 n.];
hostility to novel attempts at analysis of ethics, i. [387 n.];
Liberty, [395 n.], ii. [367 n.];
Sokrates’ Utilitarianism, [310 n.];
theory of syllogism, [255 n.];
approximation to Plato and Aristotle as to ideal state of society, iv. [199 n.]
[Milton], on Plato’s intolerance, iv. [379 n.]
[Mind], doctrine of Parmenides, i. [26];
identified with heat by Demokritus, [75];
its seat in various parts of the body, Demokritus, [76];
Sokrates’ theory of natural state of human, [373];
elenchus the sovereign purifier of, iii. [197];
Sokrates’ obstetric, [112];
the self, ii. [11], [25];
state of agent’s, as to knowledge, frequent enquiry in Plato, [83];
Plato’s view, an assemblage of latent capacities, [164];
knowledge is dominant agency in, [290];
usefulness of negative result for training, [186];
operation of pre-natal experience on, iii. [13];
rhetoric should include a classification of minds and discourses, [32];
idéal unattainable, [42], [45];
compared to paper, [169], [351];
of each individual, tripartite, iv. [37];
analogous to rulers, guardians, craftsmen, [39];
high development of body and, equally necessary, ii. [422 n.];
relation to bodily organs, iii. [159], iv. [387 n.];
diseases of, from body, [250];
no man voluntarily wicked, [249], [ 365-8];
preservative and healing agencies, [250];
treatment of, by itself, [251];
rotations of kosmos to be studied, [252];
see [Reason], [Soul].
Minos, authenticity, i. [306-7], [309], [336], [337 n.], ii. [82], [93];
in Leges trilogy, [91];
and Hipparchus analogous and inferior to other works, [82];
subject the characteristic property connoted by law, [76], [86];
discussed by historical Sokrates, [ib.];
its meanings, [91];
three parts, objections, [76];
is good opinion of the city, true opinion, or finding out of reality, [77];
real things always accounted real, analogies, [79];
only what ought to be law, is, [80], [88-9], iii. [281 n.], [317 n.];
Expert finds out and certifies truth, ii. [87-9];
laws of Cretan Minos divine and excellent, extant, [80], [90];
Minos’ character variously represented, [81];
what does the lawgiver prescribe for health of mind — unanswered, [ib.];
bad definitions of law, [86];
Sokrates’ reasoning unsound but Platonic, [88].
Μνήμη, derivation, iii. [302 n.];
difference of ἀνάμνησις, [350 n.]
[Mohl, Prof.], on Hafiz, iii. [16 n.]
Μοῖραι, relation to Gods, iv. [221 n.]
[Monad], the Pythagorean, i. [11-12];
Platonic form of Pythagorean doctrine, [15 n.];
see [Number].
[Monarchy], and democracy the mother-polities, iv. [312];
dissent of Aristotle, [ib. n.];
monarch a Principal Cause, iii. [266];
true government by the one scientific man, [268], [273];
no laws to limit scientific governor, [269];
idéal attainable only in Saturnian period, [264], iv. [319];
distinguished from general, rhetor, &c., iii. [271];
aims at forming virtuous citizens, [272];
Sokratic ideal differently worked out by Plato and Xenophon, [273];
of Atlantis, iv. [268];
bad education of kings’ son, [312].
[Monboddo], on Cartesian and Newtonian theories, ii. [402 n.];
on Ideas, [408 n.];
mind and body, iv. [387 n.]
[Monkeys], Galen on structure of, iv. [257 n.]
[Morality] of a society, how transmitted, ii. [274];
relation of art to, see [Education], [Poetry]; [Ethics].
[More, Dr. Henry], emanative cause, ii. [403 n.];
metempsychosis, [427 n.];
relativity of knowledge, iii. [124 n.]
[Moses], Plato compared to, iv. [256].
[Motion], of atoms, the capital fact of Demokritean kosmos, i. [72];
Zeno’s arguments, [97];
not denied as a phenomenal and relative fact, [102];
form of, iii. [ 209-10], [232], [245 n.];
varieties of rectilinear, iv. [225 n.];
circular, the best, [225], [388-9];
Diodôrus Kronus, i. [145];
Aristotle nearly coincides with, [146];
and Hobbes, [ib.];
Monboddo on Aristotle and Plato, iv. [386 n.]
[Motives], distinction of, ii. [357 n.]
Müller, Prof. Max, origin of language, iii. [326 n.];
vague use of words, i. [398 n.]
[Munk, Dr. Edward], i. [311], [320], [401 n.]
[Music], Pythagorean, of the spheres, i. [14];
and speech illustrate coalescence of finite and infinite, iii. [340];
Cynics’ contempt for, i. [151], [155];
Platonic sense, iv. [149];
disparaged, ii. [355];
education in, necessary for guardians, iv. [23];
and dancing, effect on emotions, [347];
excites love of the beautiful, [27];
importance of, in education, [305];
Aristotle on, [151 n.], [306];
Xenophon, [ ib.], i. [228];
Luther, iv. [151 n.];
gymnastic necessary to correct, [29];
prizes at festivals, [292], [337], [358];
three choruses, youths, mature men, elders, [296], [305];
only grave allowed, [32], [168], [298 n.];
regulated by authority, [ 292-4], [349];
to keep emotions in a proper state, [169];
elders, by example, to keep up purity of music, [297];
change for worse at Athens began in, [313], [314 n.], [318];
dangers of change in national, doctrine also of Damon, [315].
[Mysticism], religious, in Empedokles, i. [47 n.];
mixture in Plato of poetical fancy and religious, with dialectic theory, iii. [16].
[Mythe], general character of Plato’s, ii. [415], iii. [310], iv. [255 n.];
disparaged, in Sophistês, iii. [265 n.];
Plato’s resemblance to Hebrew writers, iv. [160 n.];
Aristotle on blending philosophy with, [255 n.];
probably often used by Sophists, ii. [267 n.];
of Prometheus and Epimetheus, [267];
value of, [276];
of Hades in Gorgias, [361];
of soul in Phædon, [415];
of pre-existent soul, iii. [12], [14 n.];
of the kosmos in Politikus, [265 n.];
Timæus, [409 n.];
Kritias, [ ib.], iv. [268];
of departed souls in Republic, [94];
the choice of Herakles, i. [177];
training by fictions, iv. [24], [154];
Plato’s view of the purpose of, [ib.], [303-5];
Plato’s and Homer’s fictions contrasted, [153 n.];
retort open to poets, [ ib.], [154 n.];
no repulsive fictions to be tolerated about gods or Hades, [25], [154];
a better class to be substituted from religion for the existing fictions, [160];
poet must avoid variety of imitation, [26], [155];
type for narratives about men, [26];
fiction as to origin of classes, [30];
difficulty of procuring first admission for fiction, [158].
[Mythology], prolonged belief in, iv. [152 n.];
Xenophanes’ censure of, i. [16];
Herakleitus’, [26];
Plato and the popular, [441 n.], ii. [415], iii. [265 n.], iv. [24], [155 n.], [196], [238 n.], [325], [328], [337], [398].