S.
[Sacrifice], Sokrates on, ii. [17], [417-9], iv. [394];
heresy that gods appeased by, [376], [384];
general Greek belief, [392], [394];
Herodotus, [ib.];
Aristotle, [395];
Epikurus, [ib.];
number determined by lawgiver, [357].
[Sacrilege], gravest of all crimes, iv. [363].
St.-Hilaire, Barthélemy, on Sankhya and Buddhism, i. [378 n.];
metempsychosis, ii. [426 n.];
fallacies, i. [133 n.]
[Same], form of, iii. [209], [231], iv. [226].
[Sankhya], i. [378 n.], ii. [389 n.], [426 n.]
[Salvador, Jacob], iii. [300 n.]
[Scepticism], of Xenophanes, i. [18];
Plato, [342];
Greek sceptics, iii. [293 n.]
[Schleiermacher], on Plato’s view of knowledge and opinion, iii. [167 n.];
theory of Platonic canon, i. [303];
includes a preconceived scheme, and an order of interdependence, [318];
proofs slender, [317], [325 n.];
assumptions as to Phædrus inadmissible, [319], [329 n.];
reasons internal, [319], [337], iv. [431];
himself shows the unsafe grounds of modern critics, i. [336];
Ueberweg attempts to reconcile Hermann with, [313];
theory adopted by Trendelenburg, [345 n.];
on relation of Euthyphron to Protagoras and Parmenidês, [443 n.];
Menon, ii. [247 n.];
Parmenidês, iii. [85 n.];
Sophistês, [244 n.], i. [127];
Kratylus, iii. [303 n.], [304 n.]; [307 n.], [310 n.], [321], [321 n.];
Philêbus, [334 n.], [365 n.], [369 n.], [398 n.];
Euthydêmus, i. [127];
Menexenus, iii. [408];
Kleitophon, [426 n.];
Republic, iv. [38 n.];
Leges, [430].
[Schneider], on Xenophon’s Symposion, iv. [313 n.]
[School], σχολή, i. [121 n.], [127 n.];
Plato’s establishment of, a new epoch in philosophy, [266];
of Plato fixed at Athens, [254];
and transmitted to successors, [265];
its importance for his manuscripts, [266], [267];
decorations of the Academy and Lykeum, [209];
Peripatetic at Lykeum, [ ib.];
of Isokrates, iii. [35];
Eretrian, i. [121], [148];
Megaric, [121].
Schöne, on the dates of Plato’s compositions, i. [326 n.]
[Schwegler], on Parmenidês, iii. [86 n.];
Homo Mensura, [151 n.]
[Science], derivation of ἐπιστήμη, iii. [301 n.];
scientia, [302 n.];
logic of a, Plato’s different from Aristotelic and modern view, i. [358 n.];
science of good and evil distinct from others, ii. [161], [168];
relation to art, iii. [43 n.], [46], [263];
antithesis of emotion and, [61], [195], [197 n.];
dialectic the standard for classifying, as more or less true, [382];
dialectic the consummation of, iv. [75];
relation to kosmical soul, [227];
see [Knowledge].
[Self-knowledge], temperance is, ii. [155];
what is the object known in, [156];
in Charmidês declared impossible, elsewhere essential and inestimable, [167].
[Selli], asceticism of, i. [163 n.]
[Seneca], on the Good, iii. [372 n.];
filial ingratitude, iv. [400 n.];
Diogenes of Sinôpê, i. [156 n.]
[Sensation], Empedokles’ theory, i. [44];
Theophrastus, [46 n.];
theory of Anaxagoras, opposed to Empedokles’, [58];
Diogenes of Apollonia, [62];
Demokritus, [71], [76], [77], [80];
the mind rises from sensation to opinion, then cognition, iii. [164];
distinct from opinion, [167];
verification from experience, not recognised as necessary or possible, [168].
[Sense], derivation of αἴσθησις, iii. [308 n.];
doctrine of Empedokles, i. [44];
illusions of, belief of Anaxagoras, [59 n.];
defects of, belief of Demokritus, [68 n.], [71];
Zeno’s arguments, [93];
Plato’s conception of, iii. [164 n.];
worlds of intellect and, distinct, i. [403];
organs of, iv. [236];
principal advantages of sight and hearing, [238];
hearing, i. [46], [62], [78];
ethical and emotional effects conveyed by, iv. [307 n.];
smell, i. [46];
pleasures of, true, iii. [356];
Homo Mensura, [122];
relativity of sensible facts, [126], [154], [298];
its verifications recognised by Plato as the main guarantee for accuracy, [155 n.], [240];
fundamental distinction of ens and fientia, iv. [219];
relation to kosmical soul, [227];
see [Particulars], [Phenomena], [Sensation].
[Serranus], on Platonic canon, i. [302].
[Sextus Empiricus], doctrine, iii. [292 n.];
no definition of a general word, i. [168 n.];
on poets, iv. [24 n.]
[Shaftesbury, Lord], iv. [105 n.]
[Simonides], interpretation of a song of, ii. [283];
definition of justice, iv. [2], [7].
[Slavery], iv. [309], [342], [400];
Aristotle differs, [344 n.];
evidence of slaves. [410 n.]
[Sleeman, Sir Wm.], grounds of belief among Hindoos, iii. [150 n.]
[Sleep], doctrine of Herakleitus, i. [34];
Plato, iv. [237].
[Smith, Adam], Moral Sentiments, iii. [333].
[Socher], theory of Platonic canon, i. [306];
Parmenidês, [338 n.], iii. [88 n.], [185 n.];
Politikus, [ib.], [196 n.], [265 n.];
Sophistês, [185 n.], [196 n.], [243 n.], [244];
Philêbus, [369 n.];
Kritias, iv. [266 n.]
[Societies, Benefit], iv. [399].
[Society], ethics and politics, topic of Sokrates, i. [376];
genesis of, common want, ii. [343], iii. [327], iv. [21], [111], [112 n.], [133];
social art conferred by Zeus, ii. [268];
dissent a necessary condition of its progressiveness, [367 n.];
frequent destruction of communities, iv. [307];
historical retrospect of, [ 307-314];
see [State].
[Sokrates], life, character, and surroundings, i. [410 n.];
character unparalleled in history, [vi];
personal appearance and peculiar character, iii. [19];
patience, [24 n.];
courage and equanimity, [21 n.];
compared to Antoninus Pius, ii. [382 n.];
proof against temptation, iii. [20], [22], [23], iv. [287], [288];
sensibility to youthful beauty, ii. [22 n.];
as representative of Eros Philosophus, iii. [15], [25];
income, i. [192 n.];
procedure of, repugnant to Athenian public, [387], [412], [441], iv. [127];
aggravated by his extreme publicity of speech, i. [393];
feels his own isolation as a dissenter, ii. [365];
accused of corrupting the youths, i. [391 n.], [183 n.];
Plato’s reply, magical influence ascribed to his conversation, ii. [23], iii. [19], [21 n.], [24 n.], [113 n.], [388 n.], iv. [412 n.], i. [110];
influence he claims, enlarged by Plato and Xenophon, [418];
disobedience of the laws, [434 n.];
imprisonment, [425];
indictment, against, [412], [418 n.], [437], iv. [230], i. [113];
grounds for his indictment, iv. [162 n.], [211], [381], [385];
reply to Melêtus, Plato and Xenophon compared, i. [456], ii. [421 n.];
opposition of feeling between, and the Dikasts, i. [375];
trial and death might have been avoided without dishonour, [426 n.];
equanimity before death, ii. [417], [418];
answer to Kriton’s appeal to fly, i. [426];
last words and death, ii. [377], [418];
general features of character in Apology confirmed, i. [419 n.];
character and disposition, differently set forth in Kriton, [428], [431-2];
of Apology and Phædon contrasted, ii. [421];
the real compared with character in Republic, iv. [211];
Plato’s early relations with, i. [248];
of Xenophon and Plato compared, ii. [37], i. [178], [199];
Xenophon’s relations with, [ 206-10];
uniform description of, in dialogues of viri Sokratici, [115];
brought down philosophy from heaven, [x];
revolutionised method, [ib.];
progenitor of philosophy of 4th century B.C. , [111 n.];
theory of natural state of human mind, [373], [414];
false persuasion of knowledge, an ethical defect, iii. [177];
omnipotence of King Nomos, i. [ 378-84];
differs from others by consciousness of ignorance, [413], [416];
Delphian oracle, on his wisdom, [413];
combated commonplace, [398 n.];
in reference to social, political, ethical, topics, [376];
mission, x, [374], [395], ii. [146], [419], iii. [219], [422], iv. [219], [381];
declared in Alkibiadês I. and Apology, ii. [24];
imposed on him by the gods, i. [415];
his dæmon, [437], ii. [104], i. [115];
his experience of it, ii. [102];
explains his eccentricity, [105];
a special revelation, [110], [130-1];
variously alluded to, [106-11];
determined to persevere in mission, i. [416];
not a teacher, [417], ii. [140], [146], [162], [165], [184], [232], [237], [242];
only stimulates, i. [449], iii. [415], [421-24], iv. [52 n.];
his excuse, ii. [106];
knows of no teacher, i. [417], ii. [225];
a positive teacher, employing indirect methods, modern assumption, i. [419];
incorrect, for his Elenchus does not furnish a solution, [420];
his positive solutions illusory, ii. [26];
obstetric, i. [367], ii. [251], iii. [112], [176];
the Sokratic dialogue, i. [x], [xi];
usefulness of, ii. [186], [207];
effect like shock of torpedo, [237];
diversified conversations, i. [182];
humbles presumptuous youths, ii. [21];
manner well illustrated in Lysis, [177];
asserts right of satisfaction for his own individual reason, i. [386], [423], [436], ii. [379];
on Homo Mensura, i. [432], iii. [162 n.];
his Eristic character, ii. [203];
the greatest Eristic of his age, i. [124];
followed by Plato and Megarics, [ ib.], [126];
resemblance to Sophists, ii. [280], iii. [198 n.], [216], iv. [165], [412 n.];
Menon gives points in common between Sophists and, ii. [257];
the “sophistic art” peculiar to him, iii. [218];
negative vein, i. [viii], [x], [370], [372], [373 n.], [375], [387];
affirmative and negative veins distinct, [420];
charge against him of negative method, by his contemporaries, [371], [388];
first applied negative analysis to the common consciousness, [389 n.];
to social, political, ethical topics, [376], [385];
value and importance of Elenchus, [421];
see [Negative];
introduced search for definitions, ii. [48];
authority of public judgment nothing — of Expert, everything, i. [426], [435];
does not name, but himself acts as, Expert, [ ib.];
early study, ii. [391];
stages of intellectual development, [ib.];
turned on different views as to a true cause, [398];
accused of substituting physical for mental causes, [401];
does not distinguish different meanings of same term, [279];
not always consistent, [29], [303];
sophistry in Hippias Minor, [62];
avoided physics, i. [376];
the Reason of the kosmos, ii. [402 n.];
distinguished objective and subjective views of Ethics, i. [451];
proper study of mankind, [122];
order of ethical problems as conceived by, ii. [299];
not observed by Xenophon, i. [230];
and Plato dwell too exclusively on intellectual conditions of human conduct, ii. [67];
fruits of virtue, i. [415];
Utilitarianism, ii. [310 n.], i. [185 n.];
belief in the deity, [413], [414];
disbelieves discord among gods, [440];
principle of making oneself like the gods, [ ib.];
on the holy, difference in Plato and Xenophon, [454];
on prayer and sacrifice, ii. [17], [418-9], iv. [394];
much influenced by prophecies, dreams, &c., ii. [418 n.], [420], iii. [351], iv. [395], i. [225 n.];
on death, [422], [429 n.];
and Plato, difference on subject of beauty, ii. [54];
companions of, i. [111];
their proceedings after his death, [116];
no Sokratic school, [117];
Antisthenes constant friend of, [152];
manner copied by Antisthenes, [150], [159 n.];
precepts fullest carried out by Diogenes and Krates, [160], [174];
and Parmenides, blended by Eukleides, [118];
discourse with Aristippus, [175];
the choice of Heraklês, [177];
the Good and Beautiful, [184].
[Soldiers], class of, characteristics, iv. [23];
division of guardians into rulers and, [29];
Plato’s training compared with modern, [148];
modern development of military profession, [180].
[Solon], on despotism, i. [219 n.];
unfinished poem of, subject of Kritias, iv. [266].
Σοφία and φρόνησις of Aristotle, ii. [120 n.];
identical with σωφροσύνη, ii. [280].
[Sophisms], a collection of, necessary for a logical theory, i. [131];
discussion of popular at philosophers’ banquets, [134 n.];
of Eubulides, [128], [133];
Theophrastus on, [134 n.];
Diodôrus Kronus, [141], [143];
real character of, [135];
of Stoics, [128 n.], [138];
see [Fallacy].
[Sophist], meaning of σοφιστής, i. [256 n.], [391 n.], ii. [261], iii. [27 n.];
compared to an angler, [191];
Plato’s definition, [191-4], [196 n.];
a juggler, [198];
imitator of the wise man, [216];
Plato’s ironical admiration, ii. [208], [283];
no real class, [210], [341 n.], iii. [249 n.], iv. [136 n.], i. [178];
Theopompus on profession of, [212 n.];
usually depicted from opponents’ misrepresentations, [308 n.], ii. [210];
accused of generating scepticism and uncertainty, [64 n.];
negative dialectic attributed by historians to, i. [371];
did not first apply negative analysis to the common consciousness, [389 n.];
negative dialectic not peculiar to, [387];
the charge brought by contemporaries against Sokrates, [388];
dialectic contrasted with Sokrates’, ii. [197];
Sokrates the greatest Eristic of his age, i. [124];
Sokrates a, ii. [183 n.], [185 n.], [188], [199], iv. [165], [412 n.];
Menon gives point in common between Sokrates and, ii. [257];
in Euthydêmus, [196];
not represented by Kallikles, [339];
lives in region of non-ens, iii. [208];
devoted to the production of falsehood, [215];
is ἐναντιοποιολογικὸς and εἴρων, [216];
those the characteristics of Sokrates, [ ib.];
the “sophistic art” peculiar to Sokrates, [218];
their alleged claim to universal knowledge — common to all philosophers then, [219];
etymologies in Kratylus not caricatures of, [302], [310 n.], [314 n.], [317 n.], [321], [323];
no proof of their etymologising, [304];
as teachers, ii. [261];
motives of pupils, [ ib. n.], [264 n.];
as corruptors of public mind, [ 288 n.];
jealousy of parents towards influential teachers, [ 265 n.];
probably often used illustrative mythes, [ 267 n.];
money-making, [210], [ ib. n.], iii. [27 n.], i. [212 n.];
not distinguishable from dialectician, ii. [210], [211 n.];
raised question of criterion of truth, [246];
logical distinctions, [236 n.];
did not invent fallacies, [217], i. [133 n.];
abuse of fallacies, biddings for popularity, ii. [199];
did not deny natural justice, [341 n.];
not the perverters of philosophy, iv. [55];
conform to prevalent orthodoxy, [56];
relation to poets, [150];
Demochares’ law against, i. [111 n.];
Aristippus taught as a, [193].
Sophistês, date, i. [305-11], [313], [315], [324-5], iii. [369 n.];
authenticity, i. [307], [316 n.], iii. [185 n.], [243 n.];
purpose, [188], [190], [223], [253], [261], [267];
relation to Theætêtus, [187];
scenery and personages, [185];
in a logical classification all particulars of equal value, [195];
definition of angler, [189];
sophist compared to an angler, [192];
defined, [ 191-5], [196 n.];
a juggler, [198], [200];
imitator of the wise man, [216];
classification of imitators, [215];
philosopher lives in region of ens, sophist, of non-ens, [208];
bodily and mental evil, [197];
the worst, ignorance mistaking itself for knowledge, [ib.];
Elenchus the sovereign purifier, [ib.];
is false thought or speech possible, [172 n.], [199], [249];
falsehood possible, and object of sophists’ profession, [181 n.], [214];
imperfect analysis of propositions, [235], [238];
view of the negative erroneous, [237], [239];
theories of philosophers about ens, [201];
non-ens inconceivable, [200];
is ens one or many, [201];
difficulties about ens and non-ens equally great, [ ib.], [206];
the materialists and the idealists, [203];
argument against materialists, [ ib.], [223], [226], [228];
reply open to materialists, [224], [230];
argument against idealists, [204], [225];
their doctrine the same as Plato’s in Phædon, &c., [244], [246];
no allusion intended to Megarics or Pythagoreans, [244], [390 n.];
communion implies relativity, [125], [205];
to know and to be known is action and passion, [205], [226], [287 n.];
motion and rest both agree in ens, which is therefore a tertium quid, [206];
argument against “only identical predication legitimate,” [ ib.], [212], [221], [251];
Antisthenes meant, i. [163], [165];
intercommunion of some Forms, iii. [207], [228], [246 n.], [251 n.];
analogy of letters and syllables, [207];
what forms admit of it, determined by philosopher, [208];
of non-ens and of proposition, opinion, judgment, [213], [214], [235];
τὸ μὴ ὄν, meaning, [181 n.];
five forms examined, [208], [231], [233];
Plato’s view of non-ens unsatisfactory, [236], [239], [242 n.], [248 n.];
an approximation to Aristotle’s view, [247];
different from other dialogues, [242];
compared with Phædon, [244], [246];
Phædrus, [18], [257];
Symposion, [19];
Theætêtus, [182 n.], [187], [242], [256], [332];
Kratylus, [ ib.];
Philêbus, [369 n.];
Republic, [242], [257].
[Sophokles], Antigone, compared with Apology, i. [429 n.];
its popularity, ii. [135 n.];
as a general, [135].
Σωφροσύνη, ii. [153 n.];
see [Temperance];
derivation, iii. [301 n.];
identical with σοφία, ii. [279];
and αἰδώς, [269 n.]
[Sorites], i. [128], [133], [135 n.]
[Soul], derivation of ψυχή, iii. [301 n.];
meaning, iv. [387 n.];
prior to and more powerful than body, [386], [ 419-20];
the good and the bad souls at work in the universe, [386];
one continuous cosmical, ii. [248 n.];
of the kosmos, iii. [265 n.], iv. [220], [421];
affinity to human, iii. [366 n.];
of kosmos, position and elements of, iv. [225];
of plants, [248];
doctrine of Herakleitus, i. [34];
Empedokles, [44];
Anaxagoras, [54];
Demokritus, [75];
Plato’s conception of existence, iii. [205], [226], [229], [231];
not tripartite, antithesis to body, ii. [384];
Hegel on Plato’s view, [414 n.];
a mixture, refuted, [390];
life a struggle between body and, [386], [388], iv. [234], [235 n.];
partial emancipation of, by philosophy, ii. [386];
purification of, [388];
κνῆσις compared to children’s teething, iii. [399 n.];
pre-existence admitted, ii. [390];
mythe, iii. [12], [15 n.];
Leibnitz on, ii. [248 n.];
pre-existence of, necessary hypothesis for didactic idéal, iii. [52];
metempsychosis of ordinary men only, ii. [387], iv. [234];
mythe of departed, in Republic, [94];
state after emancipation from body, ii. [416];
yet may suffer punishment, inconsistency, [ ib.];
three constituent elements of, iii. [232 n.];
Galen, iv. [258];
are the three parts immortal, ii. [385], iv. [243];
no place for tender and æsthetic emotions in tripartite division of, [149 n.];
each part at once material and mental, [257];
supremacy of rational, to be cultivated, [251];
Demiurgus conjoins three souls and one body, [233], [243];
Demiurgus prepares for man’s construction, places a soul in each star, [233];
generated gods fabricate cranium as miniature of kosmos with rational soul rotating within, [ib.];
mount cranium on a tall body, [236];
seat of, [235-7], [243-7], [259 n.];
Littré, [257 n.];
abdominal, function of liver, [245], [259];
seat of prophetic agency, [246];
thoracic, function of heart and lungs, [245], [259 n.];
of spleen, [246];
vision, sleep, dreams, [236];
Aristotle on relation of body to, iii. [389 n.];
Monboddo, iv. [387 n.];
see [Body], [Immortality], [Mind], [Reason].
[Sound], Zeno’s arguments, i. [96];
pleasures of, true, iii. [356].
[Space], and time comprised in Parmenides’ ens, i. [19];
Zeno’s reductiones ad absurdum, [94];
contents of the idea of, [20 n.]
[Sparta], unlettered community, iv. [278];
law forbids introduction of foreign instruction, ii. [35];
Hippias lectures at, [39];
mixed government, iv. [310];
kings eulogised, ii. [8];
customs of, iii. [24 n.];
peculiar to itself and Krete, iv. [280 n.];
blended with Persian in Cyropædia, i. [222];
influence on philosopher’s theories, iv. [181];
Xenophon’s idéal of character, [147], [148], [182];
Plato’s in Leges, [276], [280 n.], [403];
basis of institutions too narrow, [282];
endurance of pain in discipline of, [285];
public training and mess, [279], [280 n.], [285 n.];
no training for women, censured, [188];
infanticide, [203];
number of citizens, [327 n.];
drunkenness forbidden at, [286];
kryptia, Plato’s agronomi compared, [336].
[Specific] and generic terms, distinction unfamiliar in Plato’s time, ii. [13].
[Speech], conducted according to fixed laws, iii. [286];
the thing spoken of suffers, [287 n.];
Psammetichus’ experiment, [289 n.];
and music illustrate coalescence of finite and infinite, [ 340-3].
[Spencer, Herbert], abstract names, iii. [78 n.]
[Spengel], on Thrasymachus, iv. [7 n.];
Kratylus, iii. [309 n.]
[Speusippus], borrowed from Pythagoreans, iii. [390 n.];
on pleasure, [386 n.], [389 n.];
on the Demiurgus, iv. [255].
[Sphere], the earth a, early views, i. [25 n.];
Pythagorean music of the spheres, [14];
Sphærus of Empedokles, [39].
[Stallbaum], on Platonic canon, i. [307], [443 n.];
Erastæ, ii. [121];
Theagês, [100 n.];
Euthydêmus, [202];
Protagoras, [314], iv. [284 n.];
Theætêtus, iii. [158 n.];
Sophistês and Politikus, [196 n.], [257 n.];
Kratylus, [303 n.], [305 n.], [310 n.], [321], [323 n.];
Philêbus, [342 n.], [343 n.], [347 n.], [356 n.], [389 n.], [398 n.];
Menexenus, [408], [409];
Republic iv. [106 n.];
Timæus, [219 n.];
Leges, [188 n.], [272 n.], [410 n.], [431];
theory of Ideas, iii. [69 n.];
Sophists, ii. [209 n.];
Megarics, i. [132 n.]
[State], Lewis on idéals, iv. [139 n.];
realisation of idéals, [190 n.];
three ends of political constructor, [328 n.];
influence of Spartan institutions, on theories, [181];
no evidence of Plato’s study of practical working of different institutions, [397];
Aristeides on, i. [243 n.];
citizens willing to be ruled, idéal of Plato and Xenophon, iv. [283 n.];
Platonic type of character is Athenian, Xenophontic is Spartan, [147], [148], [182];
its religious and ethical character primary, constitution and laws secondary, [284];
religion in connection with, [24], [160];
and education combined, [185];
Plato’s ideal, compared with Athens, [430];
the Spartan adopted in Leges, [276], [280 n.], [403];
Plato carries abstraction farther than Xenophon or Aristotle, [183];
more anxious for good treatment of Demos, [ ib.];
in Aristotle the Demos adjuncts, not members, of state, [184];
model city practicable if philosophy and political power united, [47];
perpetual succession maintained of philosopher-rulers, [60];
those who have contemplated Ideas are reluctant to undertake active duties. [70];
as at present constituted, the just man stands aloof from, [90];
ideal, how to be realised, [78], [190 n.];
admitted only partially realisable, [327];
only an outline, [139];
a military bureaucracy, [183];
second, a compromise of oligarchical and democratical sentiment, [333], [337];
Aristotle objects to Plato’s ideal, it is two states, [185];
objection valid against his own ideal, [186 n.];
Plato fails from no training for Demos, [186];
Plato’s state impossible, in what sense true, [189];
from adverse established sentiments, [191];
genesis, common want, ii. [343], iii. [327], iv. [20], [111], [112 n.], [133];
historical retrospect of society, [ 307-314];
analogy of individual and, [11], [21], [37], [79-84, ][96];
Hobbes on, [ ib.];
parallelism exaggerated, [114], [121], [123];
its ὑπόθεσις, [328 n.];
basis of Spartan institutions too narrow, [282];
site, [320], [329], [336];
circular form, unwalled, [344];
influence of climate, [330 n.];
wisdom and courage in the guardians, [34];
justice and temperance in all classes, [35];
class of guardians, characteristics, [23];
divided into rulers and soldiers, [29];
same duties and training for women as men, [41], [46], [77], [ 171-4];
on principle that every citizen belongs to the city, [187];
maintained in Leges, and harmonises with ancient legends, [195];
contrast with Aristotle, [194];
συσσίτια, [32], [345], [359];
communism of guardians, [ ib.], [140], [169];
necessary to city’s safety, [32], [34], [44], [140], [ 170-179];
peculiarity of Plato’s communism, [179];
Plato’s view of wealth, [199 n.];
no family ties, [41], [174], [178];
temporary marriages for guardians, [175-8];
Plato’s and modern sentiments, [192], [194];
influence of Aphroditê very small in Platonic, [197], [359];
citizens should be tested against pleasure, [285];
self-control tested by wine, [289];
healthy, has few wants, enlargement of city’s wants, [22];
from multiplied wants, war, [ ib.];
perfection of, each part performing its own function, [97];
one man can do only one thing well, [23], [33], [183], [361];
unity of end to be kept in view, [417];
end, happiness of entire state, [98], [139 n.];
and virtue of the citizens, [417];
three classes in, analogous to reason, energy, appetite, in individual, [39];
fiction as to origin of classes, [30];
four stages of degeneracy, [79-84];
proportions of happiness and misery in them, [83];
in healthy condition, possesses wisdom, courage, temperance, justice, [34];
laws about marriage, [328], [331], [341], [344];
Aristotle, [198-201];
Malthus’ law recognised by Plato and Aristotle, [202];
number of citizens, [178], [326], [328];
limited, Plato and Aristotle, [198-201];
Aristotle, [326 n.];
approximation in Mill, [199 n.];
rearing of children, [43], [44];
infanticide, [ib.], [177];
Aristotle, [202];
contrast of modern sentiment, [203];
citizens of Plato’s ideal, identified with ancient Athenians, [266];
division of citizens and land, twelve tribes, [329];
perpetuity of lots of land, [320], [360];
Aristotle, [326 n.];
succession, [328];
orphans, guardians, [404], [406];
limited inequality tolerated as to movable property, [330];
no private possession of gold or silver, no loans or interest, [331];
distribution of annual produce, [361];
state importation of necessary articles, [ ib.];
regulations for retailers, [21], [361], [401];
admission of Metics, [362], i. [238];
of strangers, and foreign travel of citizens, iv. [414];
slavery, [342];
Aristotle differs, [344 n.];
direct taxation, according to wealth, [331];
four classes, property classification for magistracies and votes, [ ib.];
thirty-seven nomophylakes, [332];
military commanders and council, [ ib.];
monthly military muster of whole population, [358];
electoral scheme, [333];
the council, and other magistrates, [335];
Nocturnal Council to comprehend and carry out the end, [418], [425], [429];
and enforce orthodox creed, [419];
most important magistrate, minister of education, [338];
defence of territory, rural police, [335];
Spartan kryptia compared, [336];
Xenophon’s ideal of an active citizen, i. [214];
he admires active commerce and variety of pursuits, [236];
encouragement of metics, [238];
training of citizens, [226];
formation of treasury funds, [238];
distribution among citizens, three oboli each, daily, [239];
its purpose and principle, [240], [241 n.];
see [Government], [Political Art], &c.
[Statesmen], ignorant of the true, the ideal, ii. [89];
incompetent to teach. [100], [357], [360], [369];
the philosopher the fully qualified practitioner, [114], [116], [118];
disparagement of half-philosophers, half-politicians, [224];
dislike of Sokrates and Sophists, [256];
their right opinion, from inspiration, [242];
defects of best Athenian, [360];
considered by Sokrates as spiritual teachers and trainers, [362];
Plato’s idéal, [363];
relation of philosopher to practical, iii. [179], [183], [273];
definition of, [263].
[Steersman], simile of, iv. [53].
[Steinhart], on Platonic canon, rejects several, i. [309];
τὸ ἐξαίφνης, iii. [103 n.];
Parmenidês, [109 n.], [245 n.];
Theætêtus, [167 n.];
Sophistês, [245 n.];
Kratylus, [307 n.];
Menexenus, [412 n.]
[Steinthal], no objective absolute, iii. [296 n.]
[Stewart, Dugald], on the beautiful, ii. [50 n.];
relativity of knowledge, iii. [156 n.];
Berkeley, iv. [243 n.]
[Stilpon], nominalism of, i. [167];
only identical predication possible, [166], [168];
of Megara, [148].
[Stoics], influenced by Herakleitus, i. [27], [34 n.];
developed Antisthenes’ doctrines, [198];
practical life preferable, [181 n.];
πάντα αὑτοῦ ἕνεκα πράττειν, iv. [106 n.];
all-sufficiency of virtue, germ of doctrine in Republic, [102];
fate, i. [143 n.];
view of Dialectic, [371 n.];
style of their works, [406];
doctrine of one cosmical soul, ii. [248 n.];
notion of time, iii. [101 n.];
natural rectitude of signification of names, [286 n.];
etymologies, [308 n.];
sophisms of, i. [128 n.], [138];
minute reasons of, [130 n.];
Cicero on, [157].
[Strabo], value of poets, iv. [152 n.]
[Straton], theory of sensation, i. [63 n.], iii. [166 n.];
Plato’s doctrine of reminiscence, ii. [250 n.]
Strümpell, on Parmenidês, iii. [71 n.], [75 n.]
[Subject], independent object and, do not explain facts of consciousness, iii. [131];
perpetually implicated with object, [118], [122 n.], [123], [128];
in regard to intelligible world, proved from Plato, [121], [125];
shown more easily than in reference to sense, [122];
Hobbes on, [117 n.];
relations are nothing in the object without a comparing subject, [127];
see [Relativity].
[Subjective], of Xenophanes, i. [18];
and objective views of ethics, Sokrates distinguished, [451];
unanimity coincident with objective dissent, [ ib.];
Plato’s reference to objective and, iii. [134].
[Subjectivism], an objection to Homo Mensura, iii. [151].
[Suckow], on Menexenus, iii. [412 n.];
Sophistês and Politikus, [185 n.];
Leges, iv. [431], [432].
[Suicide], Hegesias, the death-persuader, i. [202];
Cynics, and Indian Gymnosophists, [161 n.]
Συμφέρον, derivation, iii. [301 n.]
Συνώνυμα and ὁμώνυμα first distinguished by Aristotle, iii. [94 n.];
συνωνύμως, ii. [194].
[Susemihl], on Platonic canon, coincides with Hermann, i. [310];
Timæus, iv. [218 n.]
[Sydenham], on Aristippus and Eudoxus, i. [202 n.];
seat of happiness, iii. [372 n.];
Philêbus, [376 n.]
[Syllogistic] and Inductive Dialectic, ii. [27].
Symposion, of Xenophon, i. [152];
date, iii. [26 n.];
compared with Plato’s, [22];
of Epikurus, [ ib. n.]
[Symposion], the, date, i. [307], [309], [311], [312], [324], iii. [26 n.];
purpose, ii. [382 n.], iii. [8];
antithesis and complement of Phædon, [22];
contains much transcendental assertion, [56];
censured for erotic character, [3 n.];
Idea of Beauty exclusively presented in, [18];
Eros, views of interlocutors, [9];
a Dæmon intermediate between gods and men, [ib.];
but in Phædrus a powerful god, [ib. n.], [11 n.];
amends empire of Necessity, iv. [222 n.];
discourse of Sokrates, iii. [11];
analogy of Eros to philosophy, [10], [11];
the stimulus to mental procreation, [4], [6];
knowledge, by evolution of indwelling conceptions, [17];
exaltation of Eros in a few, love of beauty in genere, [7];
common desire for immortality, [6];
attained through mental procreation, beauty the stimulus, [ib.];
only metaphorical immortality recognised in, [17];
Sokrates’ personal appearance and peculiar character, [19];
proof against temptation, [20], iv. [287];
concluding scene, iii. [19];
compared with Xenophon, [22];
Phædon, ii. [382], iii. [17-8], [22];
Phædrus, [11 n.], [11], [15], [ 16-8];
Philêbus, [370 n.], [399];
reading in p. 201d, μαντικῆς, [8 n.]
[Syracuse], the Athenian expedition against, iii. [406].
[Syssitia], iv. [280 n.], [285 n.], [335], [345].