12. OUTLINE.
THE AUXILIARY ELEMENTS IN INDUCTION—OBSERVATION—EXPERIMENT—HYPOTHESIS.
(1) The Foundation of Inductive Generalizations.
(2) Observation. Defined.
(3) Experiment. Defined.
Compared with Observation.
(4) Rules for Logical Observation and Experiment.
Their need.
First Rule.
Second Rule.
Third Rule.
Fourth Rule.
(5) Common Errors of Observation and Experiment.
(1) Preconceived Ideas.
(2) Confusing the Observed with the Inferred.
(3) Ignoring the Exceptions.
(4) Sympathy and Undue Interest.
(5) Inattention and a Fallible Memory.
(6) The Hypothesis.
Defined and Illustrated.
(7) Induction and Hypothesis Distinguished.
(8) Hypothesis and Theory Distinguished.
(9) The Requirements of a Permissible Hypothesis.
(1) Conceivable,
(2) Capable of proof or disproof,
(3) Adequate,
(4) Simple,
(5) Not contradictory.
(10) Uses of Hypothesis.
(1) A working basis,
(2) Guide to ultimate truth,
(3) Discoverer of immediate truth,
(4) Probable explanation.
(11) Characteristics Required by Scientific Investigators.
(1) Accurate observer,
(2) Constructive imagination,
(3) Passion for truth.