4. LOGICAL AND GRAMMATICAL SUBJECT AND PREDICATE DISTINGUISHED.
The grammatical subject is one word while the logical subject is the grammatical subject with all its modifiers except the quantity sign. For example: in the proposition, “All white men are Caucasians,” men is the grammatical subject, while white men is the logical subject. All being the quantity sign simply indicates the extension of men and is not a part of the logical subject.
The grammatical predicate is the verb-form together with any predicate noun or adjective, while the logical predicate is the predicate word or words and all its modifiers. The grammatical predicate includes the copula, but the logical predicate never includes the copula. The grammatical predicate does not include the object, while the logical predicate always includes what is equivalent to the object and all its modifiers. To illustrate: in the proposition, “Some men are wise,” are wise is the grammatical predicate, while wise is the logical predicate. And in the proposition, “He burned the red house on thehill,” burned is the grammatical predicate, while the one who burned the red house on the hill is the logical predicate.