9. ILLUSTRATIVE EXERCISES.

1a. Employ the following terms in extension—European, flower, term, truth.

European Russian
Englishman
Scotchman
flower lily
rose
pansy
term singular
distributive
collective
truth Truth has no extension.
Since it refers to a
quality only, it is
non-connotative.

1b. Employ the following in extension—grain, rock, soil, precious stone.

2a. Use intensionally bird, quadruped, letter, John.

bird two feet
ability to fly
feathers
quadruped four feet
back bone
hairy covering
letter heading
body
complimentary close
John John has no intension.
Since it refers to
an object only, it is
non-connotative.

2b. Use the following in intension—word, table, purity, government.

3a. The use of a term in extension follows when attempting to answer two questions: First, what are the kinds? Second, to what objects may the term be applied? Make application of this with reference to the term man.

1. What are the kinds of men? Caucasian, Malay, Mongolian, Ethiopian, Redman.

2.  To what objects does the term man refer? George Washington, Chas. Hughes, John Smith.

In both 1 and 2 the word man is used to denote objects, hence it is employed in extension.

3b. Use the term vegetable in extension by answering the two questions in 3a.

4a. Decrease one by one the qualities of some common object with a view of noting how when the intension is decreased the extension is increased.

Intension Extension

binding

leaves

cover

printed matter

designed for instruction

instruction in arithmetic

school arithmetic

binding

leaves

cover

printed matter

designed for instruction

school arithmetic

school grammar

school speller, etc.

binding

leaves

cover

printed matter

school arithmetic

school grammar

school speller, etc.

encyclopaedia

novel

binding

leaves

cover

school arithmetic

school grammar

school speller, etc.

encyclopaedia

novel

note book

4b. With a view of noting how when the intension is decreased the extension is increased, decrease one by one the common qualities of peach tree.

5a. In the following series what word could be substituted for “mammal” and why? Being, organized being, animal, vertebrate, mammal. Answer: Fish, reptile, or bird; because there are atleast seven classes of animals which belong to the vertebrate family, any one of which could be used to complete the series.

5b. Form a series of which “Baldwin apple” has the narrowest extension. What terms may be substituted for “Baldwin apple?”

6a. In a series of which “pupil” is a member show that the increase and decrease is not proportional. The series: logic pupil, pupil, youth, human being, being. In decreasing the intension of “logic pupil” by dropping the one quality, logic, the extension is made larger by many more than one, as “pupil” represents many more objects than “logic pupil.” Therefore, the increase is not in proportion to the decrease.

6b. In a series in which “ruler” appears, show that the increase and decrease is not proportional.

7. From the following list select the proper words of the series; arrange them; draw and name the triangles: Caesar, brute, man, Roman, American, biped, sensuous being, animal, individual.