9. REVIEW QUESTIONS.
(1) Name and explain the two standpoints from which all arguments must be viewed.
(2) Give an outline of procedure which may be serviceable in the testing of categorical arguments.
(3) Give illustrations showing that the logical order of categorical arguments is not the usual mode of procedure in common parlance.
(4) Offer suggestions which may aid in designating a premise; a conclusion.
(5) How would you proceed in forming any one of the three propositions of a syllogism when the other two are given?
(6) Designate the premises and the conclusion in the following, supplying any proposition which may be omitted, also arrange logically and test the validity.
(1) “The people of this country are suffering from an overdose of prosperity; consequently a period of hard times will be a valuable lesson.” (The conclusion should be recast so as to read, “A period of hard times will cure the people of this country.” The minor premise is, “Those who suffer from an overdose of prosperity may be cured by a period of hard times.”)
(2) “I am a teacher; you are not what I am; hence you are not a teacher.”
(3) “To kill a man is murder, therefore war is murder.”
(4) “You have not adopted the best policy since honesty has always been and will always be the best policy.”
(5) “Since the road is criminally mismanaged, why should not the authorities be indicted as criminals?”
(6) “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. I am none of these; hence my sleeping hours have been wrong.”
(7) Illustrate a weakened conclusion.
(8) Explain the exclusive proposition and indicate how the logician should treat it.
(9) Arrange logically and test the following:
(1) Only weak men become intemperate, and Edgar Allen Poe was surely intemperate.
(2) No admittance except on business; hence you cannot be admitted.
(3) Virtuous acts are praiseworthy, and indiscriminate giving is not a virtuous act.
(10) Explain why individual propositions are classed as universal.
(11) Write an argument whose major premise is a partitive proposition; arrange logically and test validity.
(12) Arrange and test this argument: “Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.”
(13) Complete, arrange and test.
(1) “The object of war is to settle disputes; hence soldiers are the best peacemakers.”
(2) “The various species of brutes being created to prey upon one another proves that man is intended to prey upon them.”
(3) “The end of everything is its perfection; death being the end of life is its perfection.”
(4) “All the trees of the yard make a thick shade and this is one of them.”
(5) “Minds of moderate caliber ordinarily condemn everything which is beyond their range, and his is such a mind.”
(6) “The best of all medicines are fresh air and sleep, and you are sorely in need of both.”
(7) “Every hen comes from an egg; every egg comes from a hen; therefore every egg comes from an egg.”
(8) “He cannot have been there—otherwise I should have seen him.”
(14) “It is fair to give the author the benefit of the doubt when we set ourselves up as censors worthy of the name.” Explain this.
(15) Illustrate by citing arguments the need of detecting terms which are equivalents in signification.
(16) How does the logician look upon number and tense as treated in grammar?
(17) Illustrate and test an argument in which one of the premises is elliptical.
(18) Summarize the most common mistakes made by students in the testing of categorical arguments; illustrate these mistakes and then write in logical form.