| [CHAPTER 1.]—THESCOPEANDNATUREOFLOGIC. |
| [1.] | The Mind. |
| [2.] | Logic Related to Other Subjects. |
| [3.] | Logic Defined. |
| [4.] | The Value of Logic to the Student. |
| [5.] | Outline. |
| [6.] | Summary. |
| [7.] | Review Questions. |
| [8.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation |
| |
| [CHAPTER 2.]—THOUGHT ANDITSOPERATION. |
| [1.] | The Knowing Mind Compared with the Thinking Mind. |
| [2.] | Knowing by Intuition. |
| [3.] | The Thinking Process. |
| [4.] | Notions, Individual and General. |
| [5.] | Knowledge and Idea as Related to the Notion. |
| [6.] | The Logic of the Psychological Terms Involved in the Notion. |
| [7.] | Thought in the Sensation and Percept. |
| [8.] | Evolution and the Thinking Mind. |
| [9.] | The Concept as a Thought Product. |
| [10.] | The Judgment as a Thought Product. |
| [11.] | Inference as a Thought Product. |
| [12.] | Thinking and Apprehension. |
| [13.] | Stages in Thinking. |
| [14.] | Outline. |
| [15.] | Summary. |
| [16.] | Review Questions. |
| [17.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 3.]—THEPRIMARYLAWSOFTHOUGHT. |
| [1.] | Two Fundamental Laws. |
| [2.] | The Law of Identity. |
| [3.] | The Law of Contradiction. |
| [4.] | The Law of Excluded Middle. |
| [5.] | The Law of Sufficient Reason. |
| [6.] | Unity of Primary Laws of Thought. |
| [7.] | Outline. |
| [8.] | Summary. |
| [9.] | Illustrative Exercises. |
| [10.] | Review Questions. |
| [11.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 4.]—LOGICALTERMS. |
| [1.] | Logical Thought and Language Inseparable. |
| [2.] | Meaning of Term. |
| [3.] | Categorematic and Syncategorematic Words. |
| [4.] | Singular Terms. |
| [5.] | General Terms. |
| [6.] | Collective and Distributive Terms. |
| [7.] | Concrete and Abstract Terms. |
| [8.] | Connotative and Non-connotative Terms. |
| [9.] | Positive and Negative Terms. |
| [10.] | Contradictory and Opposite Terms. |
| [11.] | Privative and Nego-positive Terms. |
| [12.] | Absolute and Relative Terms. |
| [13.] | Outline. |
| [14.] | Summary. |
| [15.] | Illustrative Exercises. |
| [16.] | Review Questions. |
| [17.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 5.]—THEEXTENSIONANDINTENSIONOFTERMS. |
| [1.] | Two-fold Function of Connotative Terms. |
| [2.] | Extension and Intension Defined. |
| [3.] | Extended Comparison of Extension and Intension. |
| [4.] | A List of Connotative Terms Used in Extension and Intension. |
| [5.] | Other Forms of Expression for Extension and Intension. |
| [6.] | Law of Variation in Extension and Intension. |
| [6a.] | Important Facts in Law of Variation. |
| [6b.] | Law of Variation Diagrammatically Illustrated. |
| [7.] | Outline. |
| [8.] | Summary. |
| [9.] | Illustrative Exercises. |
| [10.] | Review Questions. |
| [11.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 6.]—DEFINITION. |
| [1.] | Importance. |
| [2.] | The Predicables. |
| [3.] | The Nature of a Definition. |
| [4.] | Definition and Division Compared. |
| [5.] | The Kinds of Definitions. |
| [6.] | When the Three Kinds of Definitions are Serviceable. |
| [7.] | The Rules of Logical Definition. |
| [8.] | Terms Which Cannot be Defined Logically. |
| [9.] | Definitions of Common Educational Terms. |
| [10.] | Outline. |
| [11.] | Summary. |
| [12.] | Illustrative Exercises. |
| [13.] | Review Questions. |
| [14.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 7.]—LOGICALDIVISIONANDCLASSIFICATION. |
| [1.] | Nature of Logical Division. |
| [2.] | Logical Division Distinguished from Enumeration. |
| [3.] | Logical Division as Partition. |
| [4.] | Four Rules of Logical Division. |
| [5.] | Dichotomy. |
| [6.] | Classification Compared with Division. |
| [7.] | Kinds of Classification. |
| [8.] | Two Rules of Classification. |
| [9.] | Use of Division and Classification. |
| [10.] | Outline. |
| [11.] | Summary. |
| [12.] | Review Questions. |
| [13.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 8.]—LOGICALPROPOSITIONS. |
| [1.] | The Nature of Logical Propositions. |
| [2.] | Kinds of Logical Propositions. |
| [3.] | The Four Elements of a Categorical Proposition. |
| [4.] | Logical and Grammatical Subject and Predicate Distinguished. |
| [5.] | The Four Kinds of Categorical Propositions. |
| [6.] | Propositions which do not Conform to Logical Type. |
| [7.] | Propositions not Necessarily Illogical. |
| [8.] | The Relation between Subject and Predicate. |
| [9.] | Outline. |
| [10.] | Summary. |
| [11.] | Illustrative Exercises. |
| [12.] | Review Questions. |
| [13.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 9.]—IMMEDIATEINFERENCE—OPPOSITION. |
| [1.] | The Nature of Inference. |
| [2.] | Immediate and Mediate Inference. |
| [3.] | The Forms of Immediate Inference. |
| | [(1)] Opposition. |
| [CHAPTER 10.]—IMMEDIATEINFERENCE (Continued). |
| | [(2)] Immediate Inference by Obversion. |
| | [(3)] Immediate Inference by Conversion. |
| | [(4)] Immediate Inference by Contraversion. |
| [4.] | Epitome of the Four Processes of Immediate Inference. |
| | [◆] Inference by Inversion. |
| [5.] | Outline. |
| [6.] | Summary. |
| [7.] | Illustrative Exercises. |
| [8.] | Review Questions. |
| [9.] | Problems for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 11.]—MEDIATEINFERENCE—THESYLLOGISM. |
| [1.] | Inference and Reasoning. |
| [2.] | The Syllogism. |
| [3.] | The Rules of the Syllogism. |
| [4.] | Rules of Syllogism Explained. |
| [5.] | Aristotle’s Dictum. |
| [6.] | Canons of the Syllogism. |
| [7.] | Mathematical Axioms. |
| [8.] | Outline. |
| [9.] | Summary. |
| [10.] | Illustrative Exercises. |
| [11.] | Review Questions. |
| [12.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 12.]—FIGURES ANDMOODSOF THESYLLOGISM. |
| [1.] | The Four Figures of the Syllogism. |
| [2.] | The Moods of the Syllogism. |
| [3.] | Testing the Validity of the Moods. |
| [4.] | Special Canons of the Four Figures. |
| [5.] | Special Canons Related. |
| [6.] | Mnemonic Lines. |
| [7.] | Relative Value of the Four Figures. |
| [8.] | Outline. |
| [9.] | Summary. |
| [10.] | Illustrative Exercises. |
| [11.] | Review Questions. |
| [12.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 13.]—INCOMPLETESYLLOGISMSANDIRREGULARARGUMENTS. |
| [1.] | Enthymeme. |
| [2.] | Epicheirema. |
| [3.] | Polysyllogisms. Prosyllogism—Episyllogism. |
| [4.] | Sorites. |
| [5.] | Irregular Arguments. |
| [6.] | Outline. |
| [7.] | Summary. |
| [8.] | Review Questions. |
| [9.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 14.]—CATEGORICALARGUMENTS TESTED ACCORDING TOFORM. |
| [1.] | Arguments of Form and Matter. |
| [2.] | Order of Procedure in a Formal Testing of Arguments. |
| [3.] | Illustrative Exercise in Testing Arguments which are Complete and whose Premises are Logical. |
| [4.] | Illustrative Exercise in Testing Completed Arguments, one or both of whose Premises are Illogical. |
| [5.] | Incomplete and Irregular Arguments. |
| [6.] | Common Mistakes of the Student. |
| [7.] | Outline. |
| [8.] | Summary. |
| [9.] | Review Questions. |
| [10.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 15.]—HYPOTHETICALANDDISJUNCTIVEARGUMENTSINCLUDINGTHEDILEMMA. |
| [1.] | Three Kinds of Arguments. |
| [2.] | Hypothetical Arguments. |
| [3.] | Antecedent and Consequent. |
| [4.] | Two Kinds of Hypothetical Arguments. |
| [5.] | Rule and Two Fallacies of Hypothetical Argument. |
| [6.] | Hypothetical Arguments Reduced to Categorical Form. |
| [7.] | Illustrative Exercises Testing Hypothetical Arguments of All Kinds. |
| [8.] | Disjunctive Arguments. |
| [9.] | Two Kinds of Disjunctive Arguments. |
| [10.] | First Disjunctive Rule. |
| [11.] | Second Disjunctive Rule. |
| [12.] | Reduction of Disjunctive Argument. |
| [13.] | The Dilemma. |
| [14.] | Four Forms of Dilemmatic Arguments. |
| [15.] | The Rule of Dilemma. |
| [16.] | Illustrative Exercises Testing Disjunctive and Dilemmatic Argument. |
| [17.] | Ordinary Experiences Related to Disjunctive Proposition and Hypothetical Argument. |
| [18.] | Outline. |
| [19.] | Summary. |
| [20.] | Review Questions. |
| [21.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 16.]—THELOGICALFALLACIESOFDEDUCTIVEREASONING. |
| [1.] | A Negative Aspect. |
| [2.] | Paralogism and Sophism. |
| [3.] | A Division of the Deductive Fallacies. |
| [4.] | General Divisions Explained. |
| [5.] | Fallacies of Immediate Inference. |
| [6.] | Fallacies in Language (Equivocation). |
| [7.] | Fallacies in Thought (Assumption). |
| [8.] | Outline. |
| [9.] | Summary. |
| [10.] | Illustrative Exercises in Testing Arguments in Both Form and Meaning. |
| [11.] | Review Questions. |
| [12.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 17.]—INDUCTIVEREASONING. |
| [1.] | Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Distinguished. |
| [2.] | The “Inductive Hazard.” |
| [3.] | Complexity of the Problem of Induction. |
| [4.] | Various Conceptions ofInduction. |
| [5.] | Induction and Deduction Contiguous Processes |
| [6.] | Induction an Assumption. |
| [7.] | Universal Causation. |
| [8.] | Uniformity of Nature. |
| [9.] | Inductive Assumptions Justified. |
| [10.] | Three Forms of Inductive Research. |
| [11.] | Induction by Simple Enumeration. |
| [12.] | Induction by Analogy. |
| [13.] | Induction by Analysis. |
| [14.] | Perfect Induction. |
| [15.] | Traduction. |
| [16.] | Outline. |
| [17.] | Summary. |
| [18.] | Review Questions. |
| [19.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 18.]—MILL’SFIVESPECIALMETHODSOFOBSERVATIONANDEXPERIMENT. |
| [1.] | Aim of Five Methods. |
| [2.] | Method of Agreement. |
| [3.] | Method of Difference. |
| [4.] | The Joint Method of Agreement and Difference. |
| [5.] | The Method of Concomitant Variations. |
| [6.] | The Method of Residues. |
| [7.] | General Purpose and Unity of Five Methods. |
| [8.] | Outline. |
| [9.] | Summary. |
| [10.] | Review Questions. |
| [11.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 19.]—AUXILIARYELEMENTSININDUCTION.OBSERVATION—EXPERIMENT—HYPOTHESIS. |
| [1.] | Foundation of Inductive Generalizations. |
| [2.] | Observation. |
| [3.] | Experiment. |
| [4.] | Rules for Logical Observation and Experiment. |
| [5.] | Common Errors of Observation and Experiment. |
| [6.] | The Hypothesis. |
| [7.] | Induction and Hypothesis Distinguished. |
| [8.] | Hypothesis and Theory Distinguished. |
| [9.] | The Requirements of a Permissible Hypothesis. |
| [10.] | Uses of Hypothesis. |
| [11.] | Characteristics Needed by Scientific Investigators |
| [12.] | Outline. |
| [13.] | Summary. |
| [14.] | Review Questions. |
| [15.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 20.]—LOGICIN THECLASSROOM. |
| [1.] | Thought is King. |
| [2.] | Special Functions of Induction and Deduction. |
| [3.] | Two Types of Minds. |
| [4.] | Conservatism in School. |
| [5.] | The Method of the Discoverer. |
| [6.] | Real Inductive Method not in Vogue in Class Room Work |
| [7.] | As a Method of Instruction, Deduction Superior. |
| [8.] | Conquest, not Knowledge, the Desideratum. |
| [9.] | Motivation as Related to Spirit of Discovery. |
| [10.] | Discoverer’s Method Adapted to Class Room Work. |
| [11.] | Question and Answer Method not Necessarily One of Discovery. |
| [12.] | Outline. |
| [13.] | Summary. |
| [14.] | Review Questions. |
| [15.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [CHAPTER 21.]—LOGICANDLIFE. |
| [1.] | Logic Given a Place in a Secondary Course. |
| [2.] | Man’s Supremacy Due to Power of Thought. |
| [3.] | Importance of Progressive Thinking. |
| [4.] | Necessity of Right Thinking. |
| [5.] | Indifferent and Careless Thought. |
| [6.] | The Rationalization of the World of Chance. |
| [7.] | The Rationalization of Business and Political Sophistries. |
| [8.] | The Rationalization of the Spirit of Progress. |
| [9.] | A Rationalization of the Attitude Toward Work. |
| [10.] | The Logic of Success. |
| [11.] | Outline. |
| [12.] | Summary. |
| [13.] | Review Questions. |
| [14.] | Questions for Original Thought and Investigation. |
| [GENERAL EXERCISES]INTESTINGCATEGORICALARGUMENTS. |
| [GENERAL EXERCISES]INTESTINGHYPOTHETICAL,DISJUNCTIVEANDDILEMMATICARGUMENTS. |
| [EXAMINATION QUESTIONS]FORTRAININGSCHOOLSANDCOLLEGES. |
| [BIBLIOGRAPHY.] |
| [OUTLINE]OFBRIEFERCOURSE. |
| [INDEX.] |