Handbook of Railroad Construction; For the use of American engineers. / Containing the necessary rules, tables, and formulæ for the location, construction, equipment, and management of railroads, as built in the United States.

by George L. Vose

ADDITIONS, ALTERATIONS, AND CORRECTIONS.

The reader is particularly requested to apply the following errata before perusing the work. They are partly mistakes in printing, and partly errors in the original MS. The only excuse the writer can offer for the number is, that, being engaged in Missouri, while his publishers were in Boston, he has been prevented from seeing a single proof-sheet in time for its correction.

Page [5], line 7, for “499.999,” read “499,999.”

— [5], l. 9, for “49.999,” read “49,999.”

— [10], l. 1, for “can be,” read “can never be.”

— [12] to [23], headings, for “reconnoitre,” read “reconnoissance.”

— [18], l. 24, for “36.9,” read “36.8.”

— [19], l. 6, for “table B,” read “table D.”

— [24], l. 1, for “any thing,” read “every thing.”

— [25], l. 17, for “horizontal line m m m,” read “line 1, 2, 3,” etc.

— [26], l. 2, for “land,” read “level.”

— [27], l. 1, for “at the place,” read “at the right place.”

— [28], l. 29, for “reconnoitre,” read “reconnoissance.”

— [30], l. 3, for “A c d B,” read “A C D B.”

— [32], l. 2, the point m in the cut, is one whole division above C; it should be only three fourths of a division.

— [38], l. 10 from bottom, for “276,” read “268.”

— [39], l. 10 from bottom, for “142.13,” read “143.13”; and last line, for “58.46,” read “48.46.”

— [40], l. 7, for “10310,667,” read “10,277,333.”

— [42], l. 9, for “Thus,” read “These.”

— [42], l. 8 from bottom, for “2°.81 or 2° 48′.6” read “2°.86 or 2°.51.6.”

— [43], l. 27, for “Hencke,” read “Henck.”

— [47], [48], [49], for “McCullum,” read “McCallum.”

— [47], l. 18, for “distance,” read “resistance.”

— [48], l. 6, for “infringing,” read “impinging”; line 9, for “slacking,” read “shackling”; l. 8 from bottom, for “increased,” read “increases.”

— [50], l. 17, for “110 + 15.60,” read “110 + 15.62.”

— [52], l. 15, for “45.59,” read “45.49”; also l. 17, for “1132,” read “11.32.”

— [58], l. 10, for “of size,” read “and size.”

— [58], l. 5 from bottom, for “one cent,” read “
100 of a cent.”

— [61], l. 3, for “are necessary,” read “are not necessary.”

— [63], l. 28, for “stretches,” read “stretchers.”

— [65], l. 15, for “spanded,” read “spandrel.”

— [71], l. 6 from bottom, for “left,” read “let.”

— [73], l. 19, for “chains,” read “chairs.”

— [74], l. 5, for “across ties,” read “on cross-ties.”

— [74], l. 12, for “28 inches,” read “27 inches.”

— [75], l. 18, for “land,” read “haul.”

— [76], l. 8, for “top,” read “bottom,” and for “charred when,” read “charred where.”

— [76], l. 11, for “twopenny,” read “tenpenny.”

— [78], l. 1 and 2, for “base,” read “basis.”

— [84], l. 13, for “as,” read “or.”

— [89], l. 6, for “Whenever,” read “Wherever”; l. 12, for “Letting,” read “Setting.”

— [90], l. 4, for “cost,” read “cut.”

— [93], l. 6, for “37 and 38,” read “36 and 37.”

— [95], l. 1, for “beach,” read “bench”; l. 3, for “to so,” read “so to”; l. 13, for “b being 10 ft. back of 2 is ... 100.00,” read “b being 10 ft. back of 2 is 0.1 ft. higher than 2, or ... 100.10.”

— [102], l. 1, head of middle col., for “Slopes 1¼,” read “Slopes 1½.”

— [103], l. 4 from bottom, for “and ten feet,” read “and one end ten feet.”

— [104], l. 9, for “any,” read “very.”

— [108], l. 9, for “Elwood,” read “Ellwood.”

— [115], l. 5, for “a loam,” read “a berm”; l. 16, for “a rent,” read “a vent.”

— [117], l. 7, for “volcanic,” read “voltaic.”

— [117], l. 9, for “Round Drum,” read “Round Down.”

— [117], l. 18, for “Col. Puseling,” read “Col. Pasley.”

— [118], l. 2, for “Maillefaut,” read “Maillefert.”

— [118], l. 16, for “insert,” read “invert.”

— [118], l. 25, for “quointed,” read “grouted.”

— [119], l. 30, for “furnished,” read “finished.”

— [120], Table, for “Nochistingo,” read “Nochistongo”; for “Supperton,” read “Sapperton”; and for “Black Rock, W. S.” read “Black Rock, U. S.”

— [121], l. 19, for “Belchingly,” read “Blechingly.”

— [125], in table at bottom, for “90
69,” read “90
66,” and for “140, 20
140, 20
160 or 0.13,” read “111, 20
111, 20
131, or 0.15.”

— [126], l. 1, for “extensive,” read “extensile.”

— [127], l. 10, for “67,200,” read “65,251.”

— [127], l. 26, for “Hodgekinson,” read “Hodgkinson.”

— [128], l. 4, for “12000,” read “11000.”

— [128], l. 15 and 22, for “Hodgekinson,” read “Hodgkinson.”

— [129], l. 5, for “12000,” read “11000.”

— [129], l. 2 from bottom, for “Sun Wood,” read “Ironwood.”

— [130], l. 7, for “WL² = 4Sbd²,” read “WL = 4Sbd².”

— [131], l. 9, for “wood 143,” read “wood 133.”

— [134], in art. 164, for “700,” read “952.”

— [136], for example there given, place the following:—

Span	30 feet,	Whence—
Length	34 feet,	Length	34 feet,
Load	10 tons at centre.	Span	30 feet,
		Depth	25½ inches,
		Lower flange	32.58 square inches,
		Upper flange	5.34 square inches,

a = 6 × 10 × 12 × 30
26 × 34 × 12
16 = 32.58

and 32.58
6.1 = 5.34.

— [141], last line, Fig. 63 A was omitted; it is the same as fig. 102, page [200], inverted.

— [142], last line, for “span,” read “spans.”

— [146], head of col. 7, for “Top Washer,” read “Thickness of Washer.”

— [150], after line 9, Figs. 67 D and 67 E (page [153]) should be inserted.

— [151], l. 3, for “W = 2249,” etc., read “W = 2240,” etc.

— [151], l. 18, for “opposite to 31,416, is the diam. 1⅝,” read “opposite to 41,415, is the diam. 1⅞.”

— [151], l. 19, for “1⅝,” read “1⅞.”

— [154], last line, for “tubular,” read “tabular.”

— [156], l. 4 from bottom, for “washer band,” read “washer used.”

— [164], l. 10 to 14, inclusive. The first number of ratios should be 20 instead of 15.

— [166], l. 11, for “69 B,” read “69 A.”

— [171], head of col. 5 of table, for “Rod of Arch,” read “Rad. of Arch.”

— [173], l. 25, for “ability,” read “stability.”

— [173], l. 32, for “Whence,” read “Where.”

— [175], l. 8, for “triangular,” read “diagonal.”

— [178], l. 3, for “article,” read “outside.”

— [184], l. 4 from bottom, for “barriers,” read “voussoirs.”

— [187], fig. 96 is upside down; also, fig. 97, page [188], and fig. 98, page [189].

— [193], l. 4, col. 3 of table, for “.00000675,” read “.00000685”; also, l. 16, col. 5, for “straining,” read “shearing”; l. 7 from bottom, for “15,000,” read “18,000;” and l. 6 from bottom, for “75,000,” read “105,000.”

— [199], l. 7 from bottom, for “20,132,” read “20,312.”

— [200], l. 4, for “A C,” read “A G”; and l. 6, for “that on A R,” read “that on A K.”

— [202], l. 7, for “on page [193],” read “on page [138].”

— [204], l. 5 from bottom, for “varied line,” read “versed sine.”

— [207], l. 5 and 6, for “F G, G E, in place of E F, E C,” read “G L, G E, in place of F L, F C.”

— [210], in place of “f′ = πF
4ph,” put “D = √¾[V² – d²] – √¾[l² – d²].

where D = depression,

l = half length of curve before elongation,

V = half length of curve after elongation,

d = half distance between points of suspension.” Omit the remainder of the paragraph.

— [211], omit the 6th and 7th lines, and in place of formula there given, use that on page [210], (as corrected,) V being the length of semi-curve as elongated by heat instead of by tension; the elongations, both by heat and tension, being found by table on page [193].

— [212], l. 2, for “510.69,” read “510.80,” which result, of course, runs through the whole example.

— [213] and [214]. The remarks under “Anchoring Masonry,” are evidently wrong throughout: 1st, the whole tension should be divided by two, instead of four, as half of the whole tension acts at each point of suspension; 2d, no reduction should be made for the direction of the pulling force. One half of the tension is 3,321,250 lbs.; which is resisted by a column of masonry of 3,321,250
160 = 20,758 cubic feet, or 20 × 20 × 52 feet, or by a mass 15 × 15 × 91 feet.

— [214], l. 6, for “561,527,” read “562,542.”

— [215], l. 14 from bottom, for “STIFFENING TOWERS,” read “STIFFENING TRUSSES.”

— [225], l. 14, for “194,” read “193.”

— [226], l. 3, for “see page [128],” read “see page [193].”

— [227], l. 4, for “detensional,” read “detrusional.”

— [228], in place of equations at l. 16, put “R × a = R′ × (2 d × t)”,

whence d = R × a
2R′ × t;

where a = area of rivet,

d = distance,

t = plate thickness.

— [229], in art. 242, the strengths of “wrought iron,” have been taken for those of “boiler plate”; that is, 11,000 for 7,500, and 15,000 for 12,740, which is wrong.

— [231], l. 21, for “chopped,” read “dropped.”

— [234], l. 4, for “joint,” read “just.”

— [235], l. 14, for “0.016 feet,” read “0.047 feet.”

— [236], l. 9, for “care,” read “ease.”

— [237], l. 3 from bottom, for “representing,” read “separating.”

— [241], l. 2, for “localities,” read “locality.”

— [242], l. 7, omit “and c e, the parapets.”

— [243], l. 9, for “embankment,” read “abutment.”

— [244], l. 9, for “is thus,” read “is found thus.”

— [245], l. 17, for “latter,” read “batter.”

— [249], l. 23, for “common hydraulic,” read “common mortar, hydraulic.”

— [249], l. 27, for “argyle magnesia,” read “argil, magnesia.”

— [251], l. 16, for “7½ to 2,” read “1½ to 2.”

— [254], last l., for “corners,” read “courses.”

— [256], l. 13, for “formed,” read “found.”

— [258], art. 276, in place of “20
2 × 15 × 1 × 100 × 20
3,” put “20 × 15 × 1 × 100 × 2 × 20
3,” where 2 represents the ratio between C^a 6, and 6–2; thus, 20 × 15 × 1 × 100 × 6.6
12 × 20
3 = 111,111, for the overthrowing force in place of 100,000. The overthrowing force is thus large, because the maximum weight of earth has been assumed to press against the wall with its whole force, no allowance being made for friction. In practice, 4
10 of the height has been found amply thick for walls retaining ordinary earth.

— [262], last l. but one, for “superstratum,” read “substratum.”

— [264], in example, l. 5, for “26,667,” read “48,000.”

— [266], l. 25, for “Godwin,” read “Goodwin.”

— [266], l. 26, for “There, sands,” read “These sands.”

— [267], l. 22, for “bottom,” read “proper level.”

— [281], l. 4 from bottom, for “curve,” read “cone.”

— [282], l. 20, for “Daniel,” read “David.”

— [282], l. 4 from bottom, for “cup,” read “cap.”

— [284], l. 10, and [285], l. 8, for “compressed rails,” read “compound rails.”

— [285], l. 5, for “extension,” read “extensile.”

— [289], invert col. 1 of table, so that it shall read—

At 100° place the rails in contact.

At 90° at a distance of .00136 feet, or 0.016 inches.

At 80° at a distance of .00272 feet, or 0.032 inches Etc.

— [289], last l., for “levelled,” read “bevelled.”

— [291], last l., for “a c, 4.8,” read “a c, L 8.”

— [292], l. 9, for “e h and d k,” read “e L and d k”; same p. l. 6 from bottom, for “a, 9 is three, etc.” read “a b is three,” etc.

— [293], l. 6 and 7, for “i g, e h, b b, 8, 9, A s 79,” read “i g, e h, a c, b c.”

— [296], l. 14, for “R² – R – 8²,” read “R² – R – g².”

— [303], art. 299, for “M. Leguire,” read “M. Seguin.”

— [306], l. 2, for “R. R. & G.,” read “R. K. and G.”

— [314], l. 2, for “D. R. Clark,” read “D. K. Clark.”

— [320], l. 1, for “Railroad, three pounds (Pennsylvania),” read “Railroad (Pennsylvania), three pounds.”

— [320], l. 7, for “coal,” read “coke.”

— [331], near bottom, for “The area is, therefore,

Sides, twice length, etc.,	read	“Sides, twice length by height, etc.,
Back, twice height, etc.,		Back, height by width, etc.,
Front, twice height, etc.,		Front, height by width, etc.,
Top, twice length, etc.,”		Top, length by width, etc.”

— [334], l. 15, for “44.7 lbs.,” read “14.7 lbs.”

— [335], l. 7, for “Railway Mechanics,” read “Railway Machinery.”

— [335], l. 10, for “two velocities,” read “low velocities.”

— [336], last l., for “entering part,” read “entering port.”

— [341], l. 11, for “properties,” read “proportions.”

— [341], last l., for “Nollan,” read “Nollau.”

— [346], l. 17, for “part,” read “port,” and for “construction,” read “contraction.”

— [355], l. 7, for “6300,” read “5170”; and l. 9, for “16,905,” read “15,775.”

— [363], l. 17, for “44 × 2 = 80,” read “44 × 2 = 88.”

— [363], l. 18, for “54½ × 3 = 103½,” read “54½ × 3 = 163½.”

— [367], l. 16, for “15.0
10,” read “15.0
16,”

— [368], l. 15, for “u = 135,” read “n = 135,” etc.

— [370], l. 7, for “feet,” read “per cent.”

— [376], for “19090,” read “19050.”

— [384], in last part of example, for “5280
4½ × 3.1416 × 4 = 37300,” read “25 × 5280
4 × 3.1416 × 4 = 37348.”

— [421], bottom line, for “decision,” read “division.”

— [423] and [424], in table, for “count,” read “cost.”

— [427], l. 32, for “which,” read “we.”

— [428], l. 4, transpose “Dr. Lardner, (1850,)” to the end of line 3.

— [443], l. 28, for “valuation,” read “solution.”

— [446], l. 11, for “attained,” read “obtained.”

— [459], l. 20, for “Hectametre,” read “Hectometre.”

— [459], l. 21, for “Ridometre,” read “Kilometre.”

— [461], l. 7, for “less than a, or o,” read “less a, or 0.”

— [468], l. 30, for “fractions,” read “functions.”

— [474], l. 18, for “Balbett,” read “Babbitt.”

— [479], l. 10, for “one sixth, with much less,” read “one sixth; with sand, much less.”

HANDBOOK

OF

RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION.